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Computer simulation

Index Computer simulation

Computer simulation is the reproduction of the behavior of a system using a computer to simulate the outcomes of a mathematical model associated with said system. [1]

157 relations: Accuracy and precision, ACT-R, Adaptive Modeler, Agent-based model, Aggregate Level Simulation Protocol, Air pollution, Aircraft, Analog computer, Animation, Application performance management, Astrophysics, Atmospheric dispersion modeling, Atmospheric model, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Biochemistry, Biology, BioMA, Blue Brain Project, Brain tumor, Buffer overflow, California Institute of Technology, Chaos theory, Chemical kinetics, Chemical process modeling, Chemistry, Climate model, Climatology, Closed-form expression, Computational fluid dynamics, Computational model, Computational physics, Computer, Computer experiment, Computer graphics, Computer program, Computer simulation, Computer-generated imagery, Conceptual model, Construction and management simulation, Continuous function, Continuum mechanics, Coordinate system, CreateSpace, CT scan, Daisyworld, Deterministic algorithm, Differential equation, Differential-algebraic system of equations, Discrete event simulation, Discrete mathematics, ..., Distributed computing, Distributed Interactive Simulation, Donella Meadows, Drug discovery, DSSAM Model, Dynamic simulation, Easy Java Simulations, Ecology, Economics, Electrical network, Emulator, Energy modeling, Engineering, Flight simulator, Fluid dynamics, Garbage in, garbage out, Gene regulatory network, Genetic drift, Graphical user interface, Graphics display resolution, Hard spheres, High-level architecture, Hydrological transport model, Internet, James Lovelock, Java (programming language), Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Kuwait, List of computer simulation software, Logistics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Manhattan Project, Mathematical model, Meshfree methods, Meteorology, Molecular dynamics, Molecular mechanics, Molecular modelling, Monte Carlo method, Multiscale Green's function, Mycoplasma genitalium, New Scientist, Noise barrier, Noise control, Nuclear weapon, Open Source Physics, Operational amplifier, Ordinary differential equation, Organizational studies, Oxford University Press, Parameter (computer programming), Partial differential equation, PC game, Performance tuning, Physical cosmology, Physics, Population dynamics, Preprocessor (CAE), Probability, Psychology, Random number generation, Reservoir simulation, Ribosome, Risk management, Roadway air dispersion modeling, Roadway noise, Robotics suite, Salmon, Scientific visualization, Sensitivity analysis, Simula, Simulation language, Social science, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Stencil code, Stochastic, Stochastic process, Stochastic simulation, Storm Water Management Model, Strategic management, Technology, Temperature, Test and Training Enabling Architecture, The Limits to Growth, Theoretical production ecology, Thermal pollution, Tierra (computer simulation), Traffic engineering (transportation), Traffic simulation, Training simulation, Trout, Uncertainty quantification, United States Department of Defense, United States Environmental Protection Agency, University of Chicago Press, UrbanSim, Validity, Vehicle, Verification and validation, Virtual prototyping, Water hammer, Weather forecasting, Web-based simulation, Wolters Kluwer, World Scientific, World War II, World3. Expand index (107 more) »

Accuracy and precision

Precision is a description of random errors, a measure of statistical variability.

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ACT-R

ACT-R (pronounced /ˌækt ˈɑr/; short for "Adaptive Control of Thought—Rational") is a cognitive architecture mainly developed by John Robert Anderson at Carnegie Mellon University.

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Adaptive Modeler

Altreva Adaptive Modeler is a software application for creating agent-based financial market simulation models for the purpose of forecasting prices of real world market traded stocks or other securities.

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Agent-based model

An agent-based model (ABM) is a class of computational models for simulating the actions and interactions of autonomous agents (both individual or collective entities such as organizations or groups) with a view to assessing their effects on the system as a whole.

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Aggregate Level Simulation Protocol

The Aggregate Level Simulation Protocol (ALSP) is a protocol and supporting software that enables simulations to interoperate with one another.

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Air pollution

Air pollution occurs when harmful or excessive quantities of substances including gases, particulates, and biological molecules are introduced into Earth's atmosphere.

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Aircraft

An aircraft is a machine that is able to fly by gaining support from the air.

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Analog computer

An analog computer or analogue computer is a form of computer that uses the continuously changeable aspects of physical phenomena such as electrical, mechanical, or hydraulic quantities to model the problem being solved.

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Animation

Animation is a dynamic medium in which images or objects are manipulated to appear as moving images.

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Application performance management

In the fields of information technology and systems management, application performance management (APM) is the monitoring and management of performance and availability of software applications.

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Astrophysics

Astrophysics is the branch of astronomy that employs the principles of physics and chemistry "to ascertain the nature of the astronomical objects, rather than their positions or motions in space".

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Atmospheric dispersion modeling

Atmospheric dispersion modeling is the mathematical simulation of how air pollutants disperse in the ambient atmosphere.

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Atmospheric model

An atmospheric model is a mathematical model constructed around the full set of primitive dynamical equations which govern atmospheric motions.

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École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

The École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) is a research institute and university in Lausanne, Switzerland, that specializes in natural sciences and engineering.

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Biochemistry

Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms.

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Biology

Biology is the natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their physical structure, chemical composition, function, development and evolution.

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BioMA

Modelling frameworks are used in modelling and simulation and can consist of a software infrastructure to develop and run mathematical models.

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Blue Brain Project

The Blue Brain, a Swiss national brain initiative, aims to create a digital reconstruction of the brain by reverse-engineering mammalian brain circuitry.

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Brain tumor

A brain tumor occurs when abnormal cells form within the brain.

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Buffer overflow

In information security and programming, a buffer overflow, or buffer overrun, is an anomaly where a program, while writing data to a buffer, overruns the buffer's boundary and overwrites adjacent memory locations.

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California Institute of Technology

The California Institute of Technology (abbreviated Caltech)The university itself only spells its short form as "Caltech"; other spellings such as.

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Chaos theory

Chaos theory is a branch of mathematics focusing on the behavior of dynamical systems that are highly sensitive to initial conditions.

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Chemical kinetics

Chemical kinetics, also known as reaction kinetics, is the study of rates of chemical processes.

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Chemical process modeling

Chemical process modeling is a computer modeling technique used in chemical engineering process design.

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Chemistry

Chemistry is the scientific discipline involved with compounds composed of atoms, i.e. elements, and molecules, i.e. combinations of atoms: their composition, structure, properties, behavior and the changes they undergo during a reaction with other compounds.

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Climate model

Climate models use quantitative methods to simulate the interactions of the important drivers of climate, including atmosphere, oceans, land surface and ice.

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Climatology

Climatology (from Greek κλίμα, klima, "place, zone"; and -λογία, -logia) or climate science is the scientific study of climate, scientifically defined as weather conditions averaged over a period of time.

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Closed-form expression

In mathematics, a closed-form expression is a mathematical expression that can be evaluated in a finite number of operations.

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Computational fluid dynamics

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a branch of fluid mechanics that uses numerical analysis and data structures to solve and analyze problems that involve fluid flows.

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Computational model

A computational model is a mathematical model in computational science that requires extensive computational resources to study the behavior of a complex system by computer simulation.

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Computational physics

Computational physics is the study and implementation of numerical analysis to solve problems in physics for which a quantitative theory already exists.

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Computer

A computer is a device that can be instructed to carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations automatically via computer programming.

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Computer experiment

A computer experiment or simulation experiment is an experiment used to study a computer simulation, also referred to as an in silico system.

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Computer graphics

Computer graphics are pictures and films created using computers.

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Computer program

A computer program is a collection of instructions for performing a specific task that is designed to solve a specific class of problems.

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Computer simulation

Computer simulation is the reproduction of the behavior of a system using a computer to simulate the outcomes of a mathematical model associated with said system.

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Computer-generated imagery

Computer-generated imagery (CGI) is the application of computer graphics to create or contribute to images in art, printed media, video games, films, television programs, shorts, commercials, videos, and simulators.

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Conceptual model

A conceptual model is a representation of a system, made of the composition of concepts which are used to help people know, understand, or simulate a subject the model represents.

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Construction and management simulation

Construction and management simulation (CMS) is a type of simulation game in which players build, expand or manage fictional communities or projects with limited resources.

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Continuous function

In mathematics, a continuous function is a function for which sufficiently small changes in the input result in arbitrarily small changes in the output.

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Continuum mechanics

Continuum mechanics is a branch of mechanics that deals with the analysis of the kinematics and the mechanical behavior of materials modeled as a continuous mass rather than as discrete particles.

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Coordinate system

In geometry, a coordinate system is a system which uses one or more numbers, or coordinates, to uniquely determine the position of the points or other geometric elements on a manifold such as Euclidean space.

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CreateSpace

On-Demand Publishing, LLC doing business as CreateSpace is a self-publishing service owned by Amazon.

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CT scan

A CT scan, also known as computed tomography scan, makes use of computer-processed combinations of many X-ray measurements taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of specific areas of a scanned object, allowing the user to see inside the object without cutting.

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Daisyworld

Daisyworld, a computer simulation, is a hypothetical world orbiting a star whose radiant energy is slowly increasing or decreasing.

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Deterministic algorithm

In computer science, a deterministic algorithm is an algorithm which, given a particular input, will always produce the same output, with the underlying machine always passing through the same sequence of states.

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Differential equation

A differential equation is a mathematical equation that relates some function with its derivatives.

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Differential-algebraic system of equations

In mathematics, a differential-algebraic system of equations (DAEs) is a system of equations that either contains differential equations and algebraic equations, or is equivalent to such a system.

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Discrete event simulation

A discrete-event simulation (DES) models the operation of a system as a discrete sequence of events in time.

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Discrete mathematics

Discrete mathematics is the study of mathematical structures that are fundamentally discrete rather than continuous.

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Distributed computing

Distributed computing is a field of computer science that studies distributed systems.

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Distributed Interactive Simulation

Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) is an IEEE standard for conducting real-time platform-level wargaming across multiple host computers and is used worldwide, especially by military organizations but also by other agencies such as those involved in space exploration and medicine.

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Donella Meadows

Donella H. "Dana" Meadows (March 13, 1941 – February 20, 2001) was a pioneering American environmental scientist, teacher, and writer.

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Drug discovery

In the fields of medicine, biotechnology and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate medications are discovered.

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DSSAM Model

The DSSAM Model (Dynamic Stream Simulation and Assessment Model) is a computer simulation developed for the Truckee River to analyze water quality impacts from land use and wastewater management decisions in the Truckee River Basin.

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Dynamic simulation

Dynamic simulation (or dynamic system simulation) is the use of a computer program to model the time varying behavior of a system.

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Easy Java Simulations

Old name ""EJS"" Easy Java Simulations or new name since 2014 EJSS, or Easy JavaScript Simulations, is an open-source software tool, part of the Open Source Physics project, designed for the creation of discrete computer simulations.

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Ecology

Ecology (from οἶκος, "house", or "environment"; -λογία, "study of") is the branch of biology which studies the interactions among organisms and their environment.

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Economics

Economics is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

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Electrical network

An electrical network is an interconnection of electrical components (e.g. batteries, resistors, inductors, capacitors, switches) or a model of such an interconnection, consisting of electrical elements (e.g. voltage sources, current sources, resistances, inductances, capacitances).

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Emulator

In computing, an emulator is hardware or software that enables one computer system (called the host) to behave like another computer system (called the guest).

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Energy modeling

Energy modeling or energy system modeling is the process of building computer models of energy systems in order to analyze them.

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Engineering

Engineering is the creative application of science, mathematical methods, and empirical evidence to the innovation, design, construction, operation and maintenance of structures, machines, materials, devices, systems, processes, and organizations.

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Flight simulator

A flight simulator is a device that artificially re-creates aircraft flight and the environment in which it flies, for pilot training, design, or other purposes.

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Fluid dynamics

In physics and engineering, fluid dynamics is a subdiscipline of fluid mechanics that describes the flow of fluids - liquids and gases.

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Garbage in, garbage out

In computer science, garbage in, garbage out (GIGO) is where flawed, or nonsense input data produces nonsense output or "garbage".

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Gene regulatory network

A gene (or genetic) regulatory network (GRN) is a collection of molecular regulators that interact with each other and with other substances in the cell to govern the gene expression levels of mRNA and proteins.

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Genetic drift

Genetic drift (also known as allelic drift or the Sewall Wright effect) is the change in the frequency of an existing gene variant (allele) in a population due to random sampling of organisms.

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Graphical user interface

The graphical user interface (GUI), is a type of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and visual indicators such as secondary notation, instead of text-based user interfaces, typed command labels or text navigation.

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Graphics display resolution

The graphics display resolution is the width and height dimension of an electronic visual display device, such as a computer monitor, in pixels.

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Hard spheres

Hard spheres are widely used as model particles in the statistical mechanical theory of fluids and solids.

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High-level architecture

The high-level architecture (HLA) is a general purpose architecture for distributed computer simulation systems.

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Hydrological transport model

An hydrological transport model is a mathematical model used to simulate river or stream flow and calculate water quality parameters.

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Internet

The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide.

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James Lovelock

James Ephraim Lovelock, (born 26 July 1919) is an independent scientist, environmentalist, and futurist who lives in Dorset, England.

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Java (programming language)

Java is a general-purpose computer-programming language that is concurrent, class-based, object-oriented, and specifically designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible.

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Jet Propulsion Laboratory

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is a federally funded research and development center and NASA field center in Pasadena, California, United States, with large portions of the campus in La Cañada Flintridge, California.

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Kuwait

Kuwait (الكويت, or), officially the State of Kuwait (دولة الكويت), is a country in Western Asia.

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List of computer simulation software

The following is a list of notable computer simulation software.

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Logistics

Logistics is generally the detailed organization and implementation of a complex operation.

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Los Alamos National Laboratory

Los Alamos National Laboratory (Los Alamos or LANL for short) is a United States Department of Energy national laboratory initially organized during World War II for the design of nuclear weapons as part of the Manhattan Project.

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Manhattan Project

The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons.

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Mathematical model

A mathematical model is a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language.

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Meshfree methods

In the field of numerical analysis, meshfree methods are those that do not require connection between nodes of the simulation domain, i.e. a mesh, but are rather based on interaction of each node with all its neighbours.

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Meteorology

Meteorology is a branch of the atmospheric sciences which includes atmospheric chemistry and atmospheric physics, with a major focus on weather forecasting.

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Molecular dynamics

Molecular dynamics (MD) is a computer simulation method for studying the physical movements of atoms and molecules.

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Molecular mechanics

Molecular mechanics uses classical mechanics to model molecular systems.

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Molecular modelling

Molecular modelling encompasses all methods, theoretical and computational, used to model or mimic the behaviour of molecules.

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Monte Carlo method

Monte Carlo methods (or Monte Carlo experiments) are a broad class of computational algorithms that rely on repeated random sampling to obtain numerical results.

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Multiscale Green's function

Multiscale Green's function (MSGF) is a generalized and extended version of the classical Green's function (GF) technique for solving mathematical equations.

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Mycoplasma genitalium

Mycoplasma genitalium, commonly known as Mgen, is a sexually transmitted, small and pathogenic bacterium that lives on the ciliated epithelial cells of the urinary and genital tracts in humans.

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New Scientist

New Scientist, first published on 22 November 1956, is a weekly, English-language magazine that covers all aspects of science and technology.

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Noise barrier

A noise barrier (also called a soundwall, noise wall, sound berm, sound barrier, or acoustical barrier) is an exterior structure designed to protect inhabitants of sensitive land use areas from noise pollution.

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Noise control

Noise control or noise mitigation is a set of strategies to reduce noise pollution or to reduce the impact of that noise, whether outdoors or indoors.

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Nuclear weapon

A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or from a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear bomb).

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Open Source Physics

Open Source Physics, or OSP, is a project sponsored by the National Science Foundation and Davidson College, whose mission is to spread the use of open source code libraries that take care of a lot of the heavy lifting for physics: drawing and plotting, differential equation solvers, exporting to animated GIFs and movies, etc., tools, and compiled simulations for physics and other numerical simulations.

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Operational amplifier

An operational amplifier (often op-amp or opamp) is a DC-coupled high-gain electronic voltage amplifier with a differential input and, usually, a single-ended output.

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Ordinary differential equation

In mathematics, an ordinary differential equation (ODE) is a differential equation containing one or more functions of one independent variable and its derivatives.

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Organizational studies

Organizational studies is "the examination of how individuals construct organizational structures, processes, and practices and how these, in turn, shape social relations and create institutions that ultimately influence people", organizational studies comprise different areas that deal with the different aspects of the organizations, many of the approaches are functionalist but critical research also provide alternative frame for understanding in the field.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.

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Parameter (computer programming)

In computer programming, a parameter (often called formal parameter or formal argument) is a special kind of variable, used in a subroutine to refer to one of the pieces of data provided as input to the subroutine.

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Partial differential equation

In mathematics, a partial differential equation (PDE) is a differential equation that contains unknown multivariable functions and their partial derivatives.

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PC game

PC games, also known as computer games or personal computer games, are video games played on a personal computer rather than a dedicated video game console or arcade machine.

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Performance tuning

Performance tuning is the improvement of system performance.

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Physical cosmology

Physical cosmology is the study of the largest-scale structures and dynamics of the Universe and is concerned with fundamental questions about its origin, structure, evolution, and ultimate fate.

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Physics

Physics (from knowledge of nature, from φύσις phýsis "nature") is the natural science that studies matterAt the start of The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Richard Feynman offers the atomic hypothesis as the single most prolific scientific concept: "If, in some cataclysm, all scientific knowledge were to be destroyed one sentence what statement would contain the most information in the fewest words? I believe it is that all things are made up of atoms – little particles that move around in perpetual motion, attracting each other when they are a little distance apart, but repelling upon being squeezed into one another..." and its motion and behavior through space and time and that studies the related entities of energy and force."Physical science is that department of knowledge which relates to the order of nature, or, in other words, to the regular succession of events." Physics is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines, and its main goal is to understand how the universe behaves."Physics is one of the most fundamental of the sciences. Scientists of all disciplines use the ideas of physics, including chemists who study the structure of molecules, paleontologists who try to reconstruct how dinosaurs walked, and climatologists who study how human activities affect the atmosphere and oceans. Physics is also the foundation of all engineering and technology. No engineer could design a flat-screen TV, an interplanetary spacecraft, or even a better mousetrap without first understanding the basic laws of physics. (...) You will come to see physics as a towering achievement of the human intellect in its quest to understand our world and ourselves."Physics is an experimental science. Physicists observe the phenomena of nature and try to find patterns that relate these phenomena.""Physics is the study of your world and the world and universe around you." Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines and, through its inclusion of astronomy, perhaps the oldest. Over the last two millennia, physics, chemistry, biology, and certain branches of mathematics were a part of natural philosophy, but during the scientific revolution in the 17th century, these natural sciences emerged as unique research endeavors in their own right. Physics intersects with many interdisciplinary areas of research, such as biophysics and quantum chemistry, and the boundaries of physics are not rigidly defined. New ideas in physics often explain the fundamental mechanisms studied by other sciences and suggest new avenues of research in academic disciplines such as mathematics and philosophy. Advances in physics often enable advances in new technologies. For example, advances in the understanding of electromagnetism and nuclear physics led directly to the development of new products that have dramatically transformed modern-day society, such as television, computers, domestic appliances, and nuclear weapons; advances in thermodynamics led to the development of industrialization; and advances in mechanics inspired the development of calculus.

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Population dynamics

Population dynamics is the branch of life sciences that studies the size and age composition of populations as dynamical systems, and the biological and environmental processes driving them (such as birth and death rates, and by immigration and emigration).

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Preprocessor (CAE)

In computer aided engineering (CAE) a preprocessor is a program which provides a graphical user interface (GUI) to define physical properties.

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Probability

Probability is the measure of the likelihood that an event will occur.

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Psychology

Psychology is the science of behavior and mind, including conscious and unconscious phenomena, as well as feeling and thought.

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Random number generation

Random number generation is the generation of a sequence of numbers or symbols that cannot be reasonably predicted better than by a random chance, usually through a hardware random-number generator (RNG).

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Reservoir simulation

Reservoir simulation is an area of reservoir engineering in which computer models are used to predict the flow of fluids (typically, oil, water, and gas) through porous media.

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Ribosome

The ribosome is a complex molecular machine, found within all living cells, that serves as the site of biological protein synthesis (translation).

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Risk management

Risk management is the identification, evaluation, and prioritization of risks (defined in ISO 31000 as the effect of uncertainty on objectives) followed by coordinator and economical application of resources to minimize, monitor, and control the probability or impact of unfortunate events or to maximize the realization of opportunities.

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Roadway air dispersion modeling

Roadway air dispersion modeling is the study of air pollutant transport from a roadway or other linear emitter.

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Roadway noise

Roadway noise is the collective sound energy emanating from motor vehicles.

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Robotics suite

A robotics suite is a visual environment for robot control and simulation.

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Salmon

Salmon is the common name for several species of ray-finned fish in the family Salmonidae.

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Scientific visualization

Scientific visualization (also spelled scientific visualisation) is an interdisciplinary branch of science.

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Sensitivity analysis

Sensitivity analysis is the study of how the uncertainty in the output of a mathematical model or system (numerical or otherwise) can be apportioned to different sources of uncertainty in its inputs.

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Simula

Simula is the name of two simulation programming languages, Simula I and Simula 67, developed in the 1960s at the Norwegian Computing Center in Oslo, by Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard.

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Simulation language

A computer simulation language is used to describe the operation of a simulation on a computer.

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Social science

Social science is a major category of academic disciplines, concerned with society and the relationships among individuals within a society.

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Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP) combines an online encyclopedia of philosophy with peer-reviewed publication of original papers in philosophy, freely accessible to Internet users.

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Stencil code

Stencil codes are a class of iterative kernels which update array elements according to some fixed pattern, called a stencil.

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Stochastic

The word stochastic is an adjective in English that describes something that was randomly determined.

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Stochastic process

--> In probability theory and related fields, a stochastic or random process is a mathematical object usually defined as a collection of random variables.

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Stochastic simulation

A stochastic simulation is a simulation that traces the evolution of variables that can change stochastically (randomly) with certain probabilities.

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Storm Water Management Model

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) is a dynamic rainfall–runoff–subsurface runoff simulation model used for single-event to long-term (continuous) simulation of the surface/subsurface hydrology quantity and quality from primarily urban/suburban areas.

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Strategic management

In the field of management, strategic management involves the formulation and implementation of the major goals and initiatives taken by an organization's top management on behalf of owners, based on consideration of resources and an assessment of the internal and external environments in which the organization operates.

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Technology

Technology ("science of craft", from Greek τέχνη, techne, "art, skill, cunning of hand"; and -λογία, -logia) is first robustly defined by Jacob Bigelow in 1829 as: "...principles, processes, and nomenclatures of the more conspicuous arts, particularly those which involve applications of science, and which may be considered useful, by promoting the benefit of society, together with the emolument of those who pursue them".

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Temperature

Temperature is a physical quantity expressing hot and cold.

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Test and Training Enabling Architecture

Test and Training Enabling Architecture (TENA) is an architecture designed to bring interoperability to United States Department of Defense test and training systems.

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The Limits to Growth

The Limits to Growth (LTG) is a 1972 report on the computer simulation of exponential economic and population growth with a finite supply of resources.

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Theoretical production ecology

Theoretical production ecology tries to quantitatively study the growth of crops.

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Thermal pollution

Thermal pollution is the degradation of water quality by any process that changes ambient water temperature.

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Tierra (computer simulation)

Tierra is a computer simulation developed by ecologist Thomas S. Ray in the early 1990s in which computer programs compete for time (central processing unit (CPU) time) and space (access to main memory).

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Traffic engineering (transportation)

Traffic engineering is a branch of civil engineering that uses engineering techniques to achieve the safe and efficient movement of people and goods on roadways.

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Traffic simulation

Traffic simulation or the simulation of transportation systems is the mathematical modeling of transportation systems (e.g., freeway junctions, arterial routes, roundabouts, downtown grid systems, etc.) through the application of computer software to better help plan, design, and operate transportation systems.

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Training simulation

A training simulation is a virtual medium through which various types of skills can be acquired.

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Trout

Trout is the common name for a number of species of freshwater fish belonging to the genera Oncorhynchus, Salmo and Salvelinus, all of the subfamily Salmoninae of the family Salmonidae.

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Uncertainty quantification

Uncertainty quantification (UQ) is the science of quantitative characterization and reduction of uncertainties in both computational and real world applications.

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United States Department of Defense

The Department of Defense (DoD, USDOD, or DOD) is an executive branch department of the federal government of the United States charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government concerned directly with national security and the United States Armed Forces.

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United States Environmental Protection Agency

The Environmental Protection Agency is an independent agency of the United States federal government for environmental protection.

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University of Chicago Press

The University of Chicago Press is the largest and one of the oldest university presses in the United States.

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UrbanSim

UrbanSim is an open source urban simulation system designed by Paul Waddell of the University of California, Berkeley and developed with numerous collaborators to support metropolitan land use, transportation, and environmental planning.

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Validity

In logic, an argument is valid if and only if it takes a form that makes it impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion nevertheless to be false.

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Vehicle

A vehicle (from vehiculum) is a machine that transports people or cargo.

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Verification and validation

Verification and validation are independent procedures that are used together for checking that a product, service, or system meets requirements and specifications and that it fulfills its intended purpose.

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Virtual prototyping

Virtual prototyping is a method in the process of product development.

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Water hammer

Water hammer (or, more generally, fluid hammer, also called hydraulic shock) is a pressure surge or wave caused when a fluid, usually a liquid but sometimes also a gas, in motion is forced to stop or change direction suddenly, a momentum change.

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Weather forecasting

Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the conditions of the atmosphere for a given location and time.

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Web-based simulation

Web-based simulation (WBS) is the invocation of computer simulation services over the World Wide Web, specifically through a web browser.

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Wolters Kluwer

Wolters Kluwer N.V. is a global information services company.

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World Scientific

World Scientific Publishing is an academic publisher of scientific, technical, and medical books and journals headquartered in Singapore.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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World3

The World3 model is a system dynamics model for computer simulation of interactions between population, industrial growth, food production and limits in the ecosystems of the earth.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_simulation

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