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34 relations: Algesia, Amino acid, Analgesic, Conantokin, Cone snail, Contryphan, Conus, Disulfide, Endogeny (biology), Gene duplication, Inhibitor cystine knot, Ion channel, Median lethal dose, Morphine, Muscle, Mutation, Nerve, Neurotoxicity, Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, Nonsynonymous substitution, Orientations of Proteins in Membranes database, Pain, Peptide, Polymorphism (biology), Potassium channel, Protein structure, Red Queen hypothesis, Skeletal muscle, Sodium, Sodium channel, Tissue (biology), Trefoil knot fold, Voltage-gated calcium channel, Ziconotide.
Algesia
Algesia, from the Greek word algesis, is the sensitivity to pain.
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Amino acid
Amino acids are organic compounds containing amine (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid.
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Analgesic
An analgesic or painkiller is any member of the group of drugs used to achieve analgesia, relief from pain.
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Conantokin
Conantokins are a small family of helical peptides that are derived from the venom of predatory marine snails of the genus Conus.
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Cone snail
Cone snails, cone shells, or cones are common names for a large group of small to large-sized extremely venomous predatory sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs.
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Contryphan
The contryphans (conus + tryptophan) are a family of peptides that are active constituents of the potent venom produced by cone snail (genus conus).
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Conus
Conus is a genus of predatory sea snails, or cone snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Conidae.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2015). Conus Linnaeus, 1758. In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p.
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Disulfide
In chemistry, a disulfide refers to a functional group with the structure R−S−S−R′.
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Endogeny (biology)
Endogenous substances and processes are those that originate from within an organism, tissue, or cell.
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Gene duplication
Gene duplication (or chromosomal duplication or gene amplification) is a major mechanism through which new genetic material is generated during molecular evolution.
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Inhibitor cystine knot
An inhibitor cystine knot (aka ICK or Knottin) is a protein structural motif containing three disulfide bridges.
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Ion channel
Ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins that allow ions to pass through the channel pore.
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Median lethal dose
In toxicology, the median lethal dose, LD50 (abbreviation for "lethal dose, 50%"), LC50 (lethal concentration, 50%) or LCt50 is a measure of the lethal dose of a toxin, radiation, or pathogen.
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Morphine
Morphine is a pain medication of the opiate variety which is found naturally in a number of plants and animals.
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Muscle
Muscle is a soft tissue found in most animals.
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Mutation
In biology, a mutation is the permanent alteration of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA or other genetic elements.
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Nerve
A nerve is an enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons (nerve fibers, the long and slender projections of neurons) in the peripheral nervous system.
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Neurotoxicity
Neurotoxicity is a form of toxicity in which a biological, chemical, or physical agent produces an adverse effect on the structure or function of the central and/or peripheral nervous system.
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Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, or nAChRs, are receptor proteins that respond to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
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Nonsynonymous substitution
A nonsynonymous substitution is a nucleotide mutation that alters the amino acid sequence of a protein.
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Orientations of Proteins in Membranes database
Orientations of Proteins in Membranes (OPM) database provides spatial positions of membrane protein structures with respect to the lipid bilayer.
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Pain
Pain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli.
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Peptide
Peptides (from Gr.: πεπτός, peptós "digested"; derived from πέσσειν, péssein "to digest") are short chains of amino acid monomers linked by peptide (amide) bonds.
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Polymorphism (biology)
Polymorphism in biology and zoology is the occurrence of two or more clearly different morphs or forms, also referred to as alternative phenotypes, in the population of a species.
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Potassium channel
Potassium channels are the most widely distributed type of ion channel and are found in virtually all living organisms.
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Protein structure
Protein structure is the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in an amino acid-chain molecule.
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Red Queen hypothesis
The Red Queen hypothesis, also referred to as Red Queen's, Red Queen's race or the Red Queen effect, is an evolutionary hypothesis which proposes that organisms must constantly adapt, evolve, and proliferate not merely to gain reproductive advantage, but also simply to survive while pitted against ever-evolving opposing organisms in an ever-changing environment.
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Skeletal muscle
Skeletal muscle is one of three major muscle types, the others being cardiac muscle and smooth muscle.
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Sodium
Sodium is a chemical element with symbol Na (from Latin natrium) and atomic number 11.
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Sodium channel
Sodium channels are integral membrane proteins that form ion channels, conducting sodium ions (Na+) through a cell's plasma membrane.
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Tissue (biology)
In biology, tissue is a cellular organizational level between cells and a complete organ.
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Trefoil knot fold
The trefoil knot fold is a protein fold in which the protein backbone is twisted into a trefoil knot shape.
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Voltage-gated calcium channel
Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), also known as voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs), are a group of voltage-gated ion channels found in the membrane of excitable cells (e.g., muscle, glial cells, neurons, etc.) with a permeability to the calcium ion Ca2+.
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Ziconotide
Ziconotide (SNX-111; Prialt) is an atypical analgesic agent for the amelioration of severe and chronic pain.
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A-conotoxin, Conopeptide, Conotoxins, Omega-CTX, Omega-conotoxin GVIA, Α-Conotoxin, Α-conotoxin, Ω-Conotoxin, Ω-conotoxin.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conotoxin
