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Corporate social responsibility

Index Corporate social responsibility

Corporate social responsibility (CSR, also called corporate sustainability, sustainable business, corporate conscience, corporate citizenship or responsible business) is a type of international private business self-regulation. [1]

189 relations: Accountability, AccountAbility, American Apparel, Anglosphere, Applied ethics, Balanced scorecard, Benchmarking, Beneficiation, Bimbo, Board of directors, Business case, Business development, Business ethics, Business in the Community, Business model, Bystander effect, Carbon Disclosure Project, Carbon neutrality, Carbon offset, Carrot, Cause marketing, Ceres (organization), Chief executive officer, Chief green officer, Civil society, Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed, Companies Act 2013, Conscious business, Continental Europe, Corporate behaviour, Corporate capitalism, Corporate governance, Corporate personhood, Corporate social entrepreneurship, Corporate sustainability, Corporation, Cost–benefit analysis, Creating shared value, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, Crore, Customer engagement, Dartmouth College v. Woodward, Development studies, Display window, EarthCheck, Econometrics, Economy for the Common Good, Empiricism, Employee retention, Enron, ..., Environmentalism, Escherichia coli, Ethical banking, Ethical code, Ethical consumerism, Ethical job, Ethical marketing, Ethical positioning index (EPI), EthicalQuote, Ethics, European Union, Evaluation, Exxon Valdez, Fair Labor Association, Fair trade, Fair Wear Foundation, Five Pillars of Islam, Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, Forest Stewardship Council, FTSE Group, FTSE4Good Index, Fundraising, Global Reporting Initiative, Globalization, Goal, Graduate school, Green economy, Green job, Greenwashing, Harvard Business Review, Human resource management, Human resources, IKEA, Inclusive business, Industry self-regulation, Institute for Business Value, Integrated reporting, Integrity management, Interest of the company, International development, Islamic Reporting Initiative, ISO 14000, ISO 26000, Jared Diamond, John Elkington (business author), John F. Kennedy School of Government, JSE Limited, Kimberley Process Certification Scheme, Kizhakkambalam, Late capitalism, Lead paint, Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, Life-cycle assessment, Marketing, Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, Matching funds, Mattel, McDonald's, Methodology, Mexico, Milton Friedman, Mother Jones (magazine), Multinational corporation, Neoliberalism, Noblesse oblige, Nonprofit organization, Occupational safety and health, Odwalla, OECD, OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Organizational behavior, Organizational ethics, Organizational justice, Payroll giving, Philanthropy, Philosophy of business, PNC Financial Services, Pollution, Principal–agent problem, Profit (economics), Profit motive, Psychopathy in the workplace, Public relations, Purple economy, R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, Reciprocal altruism, Recruitment, Regulation, Resource-based view, Responsible mining, Responsible Research and Innovation, Risk, Robert N. Proctor, Robert Reich, Ronald McDonald House Charities, Rosslyn Hill Mining, SA8000, SAGE Publications, Sainsbury's, Santa Clara University, Shareholder primacy, Social accounting, Social change, Social marketing, Social norms approach, Social sustainability, Social work, Socially responsible investing, Socially responsible marketing, Soft law, Stakeholder (corporate), Standard Ethics Aei, Stanley B. Prusiner, Stephen Harper, Strategic management, Supply chain, Supply chain management, Supreme Court of the United States, Sustainability reporting, Sustainable development, Tax, Tesco, Textile industry, The Body Shop, The Co-operative Group, The Coca-Cola Company, The New York Times Magazine, Triple bottom line, Turnover (employment), Unilever, United Nations, United Nations Global Compact, United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, Voluntary compliance, Volunteer grant, W. Edwards Deming, Whole Foods Market, 2013 Savar building collapse. Expand index (139 more) »

Accountability

In ethics and governance, accountability is answerability, blameworthiness, liability, and the expectation of account-giving.

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AccountAbility

AccountAbility is an independent, global, not-for-profit organisation promoting accountability, sustainable business practices and corporate responsibility.

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American Apparel

American Apparel Inc. is a North American clothing manufacturer, designer, distributor, marketer and former retailer based in Los Angeles, California.

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Anglosphere

The Anglosphere is a set of English-speaking nations which share common roots in British culture and history, which today maintain close cultural, political, diplomatic and military cooperation.

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Applied ethics

Applied ethics is the branch of ethics concerned with the analysis of particular moral issues in private and public life.

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Balanced scorecard

The balanced scorecard is a strategy performance management tool – a semi-standard structured report, that can be used by managers to keep track of the execution of activities by the staff within their control and to monitor the consequences arising from these actions.

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Benchmarking

Benchmarking is comparing ones business processes and performance metrics to industry bests and best practices from other companies.

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Beneficiation

In the mining industry or extractive metallurgy, beneficiation is any process that improves (benefits) the economic value of the ore by removing the gangue minerals, which results in a higher grade product (concentrate) and a waste stream (tailings).

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Bimbo

Bimbo is a slang term for a well-built, attractive, somewhat dim woman.

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Board of directors

A board of directors is a recognized group of people who jointly oversee the activities of an organization, which can be either a for-profit business, nonprofit organization, or a government agency.

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Business case

A business case captures the reasoning for initiating a project or task.

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Business development

Business development entails tasks and processes to develop and implement growth opportunities within and between organizations.

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Business ethics

Business ethics (also known as corporate ethics) is a form of applied ethics or professional ethics, that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that can arise in a business environment.

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Business in the Community

Business in the Community (BITC) is a British business-community outreach charity promoting responsible business, CSR, corporate responsibility, and is one of the Prince's Charities of Charles, Prince of Wales.

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Business model

A business model describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and captures value,Business Model Generation, Alexander Osterwalder, Yves Pigneur, Alan Smith, and 470 practitioners from 45 countries, self-published, 2010 in economic, social, cultural or other contexts.

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Bystander effect

The bystander effect, or bystander apathy, is a social psychological phenomenon in which individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present.

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Carbon Disclosure Project

The CDP (formerly the Carbon Disclosure Project) is an organisation based in the United Kingdom which supports companies and cities to disclose the environmental impact of major corporations.

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Carbon neutrality

Carbon neutrality, or having a net zero carbon footprint, refers to achieving net zero carbon emissions by balancing a measured amount of carbon released with an equivalent amount sequestered or offset, or buying enough carbon credits to make up the difference.

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Carbon offset

A carbon offset is a reduction in emissions of carbon dioxide or greenhouse gases made in order to compensate for or to offset an emission made elsewhere.

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Carrot

The carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) is a root vegetable, usually orange in colour, though purple, black, red, white, and yellow cultivars exist.

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Cause marketing

Cause marketing is defined as a type of corporate social responsibility, in which a company’s promotional campaign has the dual purpose of increasing profitability while bettering society.

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Ceres (organization)

Ceres is a non-profit sustainability advocacy organization based in Boston, Massachusetts.

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Chief executive officer

Chief executive officer (CEO) is the position of the most senior corporate officer, executive, administrator, or other leader in charge of managing an organization especially an independent legal entity such as a company or nonprofit institution.

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Chief green officer

A Chief green officer (CGO), or Chief environmental commitment officer (CECO), is a corporate officer responsible for implementing and managing the corporation's commitment to reducing its carbon footprint and protecting the environment.

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Civil society

Civil society is the "aggregate of non-governmental organizations and institutions that manifest interests and will of citizens".

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Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed

Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed (titled Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Survive for the British edition) is a 2005 book by academic and popular science author Jared Diamond, in which Diamond first defines collapse: "a drastic decrease in human population size and/or political/economic/social complexity, over a considerable area, for an extended time." He then reviews the causes of historical and pre-historical instances of societal collapse — particularly those involving significant influences from environmental changes, the effects of climate change, hostile neighbors, trade partners, and the society's response to the foregoing four challenges— and considers the success or failure different societies have had in coping with such threats.

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Companies Act 2013

The Companies Act 2013 is an Act of the Parliament of India on Indian company law which regulates incorporation of a company, responsibilities of a company, directors, dissolution of a company.

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Conscious business

Conscious business enterprises and people (also sometimes referred to under the label conscious capitalism) are those that choose to follow a business strategy, in which they seek to benefit both human beings and the environment.

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Continental Europe

Continental or mainland Europe is the continuous continent of Europe excluding its surrounding islands.

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Corporate behaviour

Corporate behaviour is the actions of a company or group who are acting as a single body.

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Corporate capitalism

Corporate capitalism is a term used in social science and economics to describe a capitalist marketplace characterized by the dominance of hierarchical, bureaucratic corporations.

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Corporate governance

Corporate governance is the mechanisms, processes and relations by which corporations are controlled and directed.

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Corporate personhood

Corporate personhood is the legal notion that a corporation, separately from its associated human beings (like owners, managers, or employees), has at least some of the legal rights and responsibilities enjoyed by natural persons (physical humans).

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Corporate social entrepreneurship

A corporate social entrepreneur (CSE) is someone who attempts to advance a social agenda in addition to a formal job role as part of a corporation.

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Corporate sustainability

Corporate sustainability is an approach that creates long-term stakeholder value by implementing a business strategy that considers every dimension of how a business operates in the ethical, social, environmental, cultural, and economic spheres.

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Corporation

A corporation is a company or group of people or an organisation authorized to act as a single entity (legally a person) and recognized as such in law.

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Cost–benefit analysis

Cost–benefit analysis (CBA), sometimes called benefit costs analysis (BCA), is a systematic approach to estimate the strengths and weaknesses of alternatives (for example in transactions, activities, functional business requirements or projects investments); it is used to determine options that provide the best approach to achieve benefits while preserving savings.

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Creating shared value

Creating shared value (CSV) is a business concept first introduced in Harvard Business Review article Strategy & Society: The Link between Competitive Advantage and Corporate Social Responsibility.

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Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease

Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) is a universally fatal brain disorder.

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Crore

A crore (abbreviated cr) or koti denotes ten million (10,000,000 or 107 in scientific notation) and is equal to 100 lakh in the Indian numbering system as 1,00,00,000 with the local style of digit group separators (a lakh is equal to one hundred thousand and is written as 1,00,000).

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Customer engagement

Customer engagement is a business communication connection between an external stakeholder (consumer) and an organization (company or brand) through various channels of correspondence.

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Dartmouth College v. Woodward

Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward,, was a landmark decision in United States corporate law from the United States Supreme Court dealing with the application of the Contracts Clause of the United States Constitution to private corporations.

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Development studies

Development studies is an interdisciplinary branch of social science.

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Display window

A display window, also shop window (British English) or store window (American English), is a window in a shop displaying items for sale or otherwise designed to attract customers to the store.

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EarthCheck

EarthCheck (previously known as EC3 Global), an international tourism advisory group.

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Econometrics

Econometrics is the application of statistical methods to economic data and is described as the branch of economics that aims to give empirical content to economic relations.

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Economy for the Common Good

Economy for the Common Good is a social movement advocating for an alternative economic model.

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Empiricism

In philosophy, empiricism is a theory that states that knowledge comes only or primarily from sensory experience.

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Employee retention

Employee retention refers to the ability of an organization to retain its employees.

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Enron

Enron Corporation was an American energy, commodities, and services company based in Houston, Texas.

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Environmentalism

Environmentalism or environmental rights is a broad philosophy, ideology, and social movement regarding concerns for environmental protection and improvement of the health of the environment, particularly as the measure for this health seeks to incorporate the impact of changes to the environment on humans, animals, plants and non-living matter.

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Escherichia coli

Escherichia coli (also known as E. coli) is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of the genus Escherichia that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms (endotherms).

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Ethical banking

An ethical bank, also known as a social, alternative, civic, or sustainable bank, is a bank concerned with the social and environmental impacts of its investments and loans.

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Ethical code

Ethical codes are adopted by organizations to assist members in understanding the difference between 'right' and 'wrong' and in applying that understanding to their decisions.

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Ethical consumerism

Ethical consumerism (alternatively called ethical consumption, ethical purchasing, moral purchasing, ethical sourcing, ethical shopping or green consumerism) is a type of consumer activism that is based on the concept of dollar voting.

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Ethical job

An ethical job is a broad term to describe a job which accords with a person's ethics or values.

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Ethical marketing

Ethical marketing refers to the application of marketing ethics into the marketing process.

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Ethical positioning index (EPI)

EPI (ethical positioning index) is an Index which measures, how ethically a brand is positioned.

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EthicalQuote

Covalence EthicalQuote also called EthicalQuote or simply CEQ is a market index tracking reputation of the world’s largest companies on Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG), Corporate dimensions of firms’ ethical performance.

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Ethics

Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct.

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European Union

The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of EUnum member states that are located primarily in Europe.

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Evaluation

Evaluation is a systematic determination of a subject's merit, worth and significance, using criteria governed by a set of standards.

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Exxon Valdez

Oriental Nicety, formerly Exxon Valdez, Exxon Mediterranean, SeaRiver Mediterranean, S/R Mediterranean, Mediterranean, and Dong Fang Ocean, was an oil tanker that gained notoriety after running aground in Prince William Sound spilling hundreds of thousands of barrels of crude oil in Alaska.

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Fair Labor Association

The Fair Labor Association (FLA) is a non-profit collaborative effort of universities, civil society organizations, and businesses.

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Fair trade

Fair trade is a social movement whose stated goal is to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions.

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Fair Wear Foundation

Fair Wear Foundation (FWF) is a European multi-stakeholder initiative working to improve workplace conditions in the garment and textile industry.

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Five Pillars of Islam

The Five Pillars of Islam (أركان الإسلام; also أركان الدين "pillars of the religion") are five basic acts in Islam, considered mandatory by believers and are the foundation of Muslim life.

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Foreign Corrupt Practices Act

The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 (FCPA) (et seq.) is a United States federal law known primarily for two of its main provisions, one that addresses accounting transparency requirements under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and another concerning bribery of foreign officials.

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Forest Stewardship Council

The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is an international non-profit, multi-stakeholder organization established in 1993 to promote responsible management of the world’s forests.

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FTSE Group

FTSE International Limited (usually pronounced as) trading as FTSE Group and FTSE Russell, is a British provider of stock market indices and associated data services, wholly owned by the London Stock Exchange (LSE) and operating from premises in Canary Wharf.

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FTSE4Good Index

The FTSE4Good Index is a series of ethical investment stock market indices launched in 2001 by the FTSE Group.

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Fundraising

Fundraising or fund raising (also known as "development") is the process of gathering voluntary contributions of money or other resources, by requesting donations from individuals, businesses, charitable foundations, or governmental agencies (see also crowd funding).

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Global Reporting Initiative

The Global Reporting Initiative (known as GRI) is an international independent standards organization that helps businesses, governments and other organizations understand and communicate their impacts on issues such as climate change, human rights and corruption.

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Globalization

Globalization or globalisation is the process of interaction and integration between people, companies, and governments worldwide.

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Goal

A goal is an idea of the future or desired result that a person or a group of people envisions, plans and commits to achieve.

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Graduate school

A graduate school (sometimes shortened as grad school) is a school that awards advanced academic degrees (i.e. master's and doctoral degrees) with the general requirement that students must have earned a previous undergraduate (bachelor's) degree with a high grade point average.

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Green economy

The green economy is defined as an economy that aims at reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities, and that aims for sustainable development without degrading the environment.

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Green job

Green jobs or green-collared jobs are, according to the United Nations Environment Program, "work in agricultural, manufacturing, research and development (R&D), administrative, and service activities that contribute(s) substantially to preserving or restoring environmental quality.

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Greenwashing

Greenwashing (a compound word modelled on "whitewash"), also called "green sheen", is a form of spin in which green PR or green marketing is deceptively used to promote the perception that an organization's products, aims or policies are environmentally friendly.

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Harvard Business Review

Harvard Business Review (HBR) is a general management magazine published by Harvard Business Publishing, a wholly owned subsidiary of Harvard University.

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Human resource management

Human resource management (HRM or HR) is the strategic approach to the effective management of organization workers so that they help the business gain a competitive advantage, Commonly referred to as the HR Department, it is designed to maximize employee performance in service of an employer's strategic objectives.

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Human resources

Human resources are the people who make up the workforce of an organization, business sector, or economy.

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IKEA

IKEA is a Swedish-founded multinational group, that designs and sells, kitchen appliances and home accessories.

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Inclusive business

An inclusive business is a sustainable business that benefits low-income communities.

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Industry self-regulation

Industry self-regulation is the process whereby an organization monitors its own adherence to legal, ethical, or safety standards, rather than have an outside, independent agency such as a third party entity monitor and enforce those standards.

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Institute for Business Value

The IBM Institute for Business Value is a business research organization that focuses on managerial and economic issues faced by companies and governments around the world.

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Integrated reporting

Integrated reporting (IR) in corporate communication is a "process that results in communication, most visibly a periodic “integrated report”, about value creation over time.

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Integrity management

Integrity management consulting is an emerging sector of consultancy that advises individuals and corporations on how to apply the highest ethical standards to every aspect of their business.

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Interest of the company

The interest of the company (sometimes company benefit or commercial benefit) is a concept that the board of directors in corporations are in most legal systems required to use their powers for the commercial benefit of the company and its members.

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International development

International development or global development is a wide concept concerning level of development on an international scale.

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Islamic Reporting Initiative

The Islamic Reporting Initiative (IRI) is an independent not-for-profit organization leading the creation of the IRI standard; the guiding integrated Corporate Sustainability and Social Responsibility (CSR) reporting standard based on Islamic principles and values that works towards achieving international standards of best practice.

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ISO 14000

ISO 14000 is a family of standards related to environmental management that exists to help organizations (a) minimize how their operations (processes, etc.) negatively affect the environment (i.e. cause adverse changes to air, water, or land); (b) comply with applicable laws, regulations, and other environmentally oriented requirements; and (c) continually improve in the above.

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ISO 26000

ISO 26000 Guidance on social responsibility is launched from ISO, the International Organization for Standardization.

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Jared Diamond

Jared Mason Diamond (born September 10, 1937) is an American ecologist, geographer, biologist, anthropologist and author best known for his popular science books The Third Chimpanzee (1991); Guns, Germs, and Steel (1997, awarded a Pulitzer Prize); Collapse (2005); and The World Until Yesterday (2012).

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John Elkington (business author)

John Elkington (born June 23, 1949) is an author, advisor and serial entrepreneur, perhaps best known for coining such terms as environmental excellence, green growth, green consumer, the triple bottom line and People, Planet & Profit (or Prosperity).

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John F. Kennedy School of Government

The John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University (also known as Harvard Kennedy School and HKS) is a public policy and public administration school, of Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.

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JSE Limited

JSE Limited (previously the JSE Securities Exchange and the Johannesburg Stock Exchange) is the oldest existing and largest stock exchange in Africa.

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Kimberley Process Certification Scheme

The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) is the process established in 2000 to prevent "conflict diamonds" from entering the mainstream rough diamond market by United Nations General Assembly Resolution 55/56 following recommendations in the Fowler Report.

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Kizhakkambalam

Kizhakkambalam is a GramaPanchayath in the Ernakulam district of Kerala, India, an eastern suburb of Cochin city.

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Late capitalism

"Late capitalism" is a term used by Marxists to refer to capitalism from about 1945 onwards, with the implication that it is due to come to an end.

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Lead paint

Lead paint or lead-based paint is paint containing lead.

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Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is one of the most popular green building certification programs used worldwide.

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Life-cycle assessment

Life-cycle assessment (LCA, also known as life-cycle analysis, ecobalance, and cradle-to-grave analysis) is a technique to assess environmental impacts associated with all the stages of a product's life from raw material extraction through materials processing, manufacture, distribution, use, repair and maintenance, and disposal or recycling.

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Marketing

Marketing is the study and management of exchange relationships.

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Markkula Center for Applied Ethics

The Markkula Center for Applied Ethics at Santa Clara University promotes research and dialogue in seven major focus areas: Bioethics, Business Ethics, Campus Ethics, Character Education, Internet Ethics, Government Ethics, and Nonprofit Ethics.

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Matching funds

Matching funds are funds that are set to be paid in equal amount to funds available from other sources.

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Mattel

Mattel, Inc. is an American multinational toy manufacturing company founded in 1945 with headquarters in El Segundo, California.

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McDonald's

McDonald's is an American fast food company, founded in 1940 as a restaurant operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald, in San Bernardino, California, United States.

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Methodology

Methodology is the systematic, theoretical analysis of the methods applied to a field of study.

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Mexico

Mexico (México; Mēxihco), officially called the United Mexican States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos) is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America.

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Milton Friedman

Milton Friedman (July 31, 1912 – November 16, 2006) was an American economist who received the 1976 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his research on consumption analysis, monetary history and theory, and the complexity of stabilization policy.

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Mother Jones (magazine)

Mother Jones (abbreviated MoJo) is a progressive American magazine that focuses on news, commentary, and investigative reporting on topics including politics, the environment, human rights, and culture.

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Multinational corporation

A multinational corporation (MNC) or worldwide enterprise is a corporate organization that owns or controls production of goods or services in at least one country other than its home country.

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Neoliberalism

Neoliberalism or neo-liberalism refers primarily to the 20th-century resurgence of 19th-century ideas associated with laissez-faire economic liberalism.

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Noblesse oblige

Noblesse oblige is a French expression used in English.

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Nonprofit organization

A non-profit organization (NPO), also known as a non-business entity or non-profit institution, is dedicated to furthering a particular social cause or advocating for a shared point of view.

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Occupational safety and health

Occupational safety and health (OSH), also commonly referred to as occupational health and safety (OHS), occupational health, or workplace health and safety (WHS), is a multidisciplinary field concerned with the safety, health, and welfare of people at work.

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Odwalla

Odwalla Inc. is an American food product company that sells fruit juices, smoothies and food bars.

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OECD

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, OCDE) is an intergovernmental economic organisation with 35 member countries, founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade.

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OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises

The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises are an annex to the OECD Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises.

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Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (commonly known as the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR)) is a United Nations agency that works to promote and protect the human rights that are guaranteed under international law and stipulated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948.

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Organizational behavior

Organizational behavior (OB) or organisational behaviour is "the study of human behavior in organizational settings, the interface between human behavior and the organization, and the organization itself".

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Organizational ethics

Organizational ethics is the ethics of an organization, and it is how an organization responds to an internal or external stimulus.

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Organizational justice

Greenberg (1987) introduced the concept of organizational justice with regard to how an employee judges the behaviour of the organization and the employee's resulting attitude and behaviour.

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Payroll giving

Payroll Giving, Workplace Giving or Give As You Earn (GAYE) is a tax free way for UK taxpayers to give money to UK Registered Charities.

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Philanthropy

Philanthropy means the love of humanity.

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Philosophy of business

The philosophy of business considers the fundamental principles that underlie the formation and operation of a business enterprise; the nature and purpose of a business, and the moral obligations that pertain to it.

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PNC Financial Services

PNC Financial Services Group, Inc. (stylized as PNC) is a bank holding company and financial services corporation based in Pittsburgh.

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Pollution

Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change.

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Principal–agent problem

The principal–agent problem, in political science and economics, (also known as agency dilemma or the agency problem) occurs when one person or entity (the "agent") is able to make decisions and/or take actions on behalf of, or that impact, another person or entity: the "principal".

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Profit (economics)

In economics, profit in the accounting sense of the excess of revenue over cost is the sum of two components: normal profit and economic profit.

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Profit motive

In economics, the profit motive is the motivation of firms that operate so as to maximize their profits.

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Psychopathy in the workplace

The presence of psychopathy in the workplace, although psychopaths typically represent a relatively small percentage of the staff, can do enormous damage when in senior management roles.

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Public relations

Public relations (PR) is the practice of managing the spread of information between an individual or an organization (such as a business, government agency, or a nonprofit organization) and the public.

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Purple economy

The purple economy is that part of the economy which contributes to sustainable development by promoting the cultural potential of goods and services.

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R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company

The R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (RJR), based in Winston-Salem, North Carolina and founded by R. J. Reynolds in 1875, is the second-largest tobacco company in the U.S. (behind Altria).

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Reciprocal altruism

In evolutionary biology, reciprocal altruism is a behaviour whereby an organism acts in a manner that temporarily reduces its fitness while increasing another organism's fitness, with the expectation that the other organism will act in a similar manner at a later time.

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Recruitment

Recruitment (hiring) refers to the overall process of attracting, shortlisting, selecting and appointing suitable candidates for jobs (either permanent or temporary) within an organization.

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Regulation

Regulation is an abstract concept of management of complex systems according to a set of rules and trends.

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Resource-based view

The resource-based view (RBV) is a managerial framework used to determine the strategic resources with the potential to deliver comparative advantage to a firm.

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Responsible mining

Responsible mining refers to advocacy to reform mining activity, as well as to a marketing strategy used by mining companies to promote their operations as environmentally or socially sound.

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Responsible Research and Innovation

Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) describes a research and innovation process that takes into account effects and potential impacts on the environment and society.

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Risk

Risk is the potential of gaining or losing something of value.

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Robert N. Proctor

Robert Neel Proctor (born 1954) is an American historian of science and Professor of the History of Science at Stanford University.

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Robert Reich

Robert Bernard Reich (born June 24, 1946) is an American political commentator, professor, and author.

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Ronald McDonald House Charities

Ronald McDonald House Charities (RMHC) is an American independent nonprofit organization whose stated mission is to create, find, and support programs that directly improve the health and well-being of children.

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Rosslyn Hill Mining

Rosslyn Hill Mining Pty Ltd (formerly known as Magellan Metals Pty Ltd) operates a lead mine at Wiluna in Western Australia.

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SA8000

SA8000 is an auditable certification standard that encourages organizations to develop, maintain, and apply socially acceptable practices in the workplace.

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SAGE Publications

SAGE Publishing is an independent publishing company founded in 1965 in New York by Sara Miller McCune and now based in California.

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Sainsbury's

Sainsbury's is the second largest chain of supermarkets in the United Kingdom, with a 16.9% share of the supermarket sector in the United Kingdom.

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Santa Clara University

Santa Clara University (also referred to as Santa Clara) is a private Jesuit university located in Santa Clara, California. It has 5,435 full-time undergraduate students, and 3,335 graduate students. Founded in 1851, Santa Clara University is the oldest operating institution of higher learning in California, and has remained in its original location for years. The university's campus surrounds the historic Mission Santa Clara de Asis, which traces its founding to 1776. The campus mirrors the Mission's architectural style, and provides a fine early example of Mission Revival Architecture. The university offers bachelor's degrees, master's degrees, and doctoral degrees through its six colleges, the School of Arts and Sciences, School of Education and Counseling Psychology, Leavey School of Business, School of Engineering, Jesuit School of Theology, and School of Law. Santa Clara has produced four Rhodes Scholars and has been recognized as a top producer of Fulbright Scholars. Among Santa Clara's alumni are governors, congressmen, mayors, senators, and presidential cabinet members. Santa Clara alumni founded Nvidia and Farmer's Insurance, and created JavaScript. Santa Clara's alumni have won a number of honors, including Pulitzer Prizes, the NBA MVP Award, and induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Santa Clara alumni have served as mayors of San Francisco, Los Angeles, Oakland, San Jose, and Washington, DC. Both the current Governor and Lieutenant Governor of California attended Santa Clara. Santa Clara's sports teams are called the Broncos. Their colors are red and white. The Broncos compete at the NCAA Division I levels as members of the West Coast Conference in 19 sports. Broncos have won NCAA championships in both men's and women's soccer. Santa Clara's student athletes include current or former 58 MLB, 40 NFL, and 12 NBA players and 13 Olympic gold medalists.

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Shareholder primacy

Shareholder primacy is a theory in corporate governance holding that shareholder interests should be assigned first priority relative to all other corporate stakeholders.

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Social accounting

Social accounting (also known as social accounting and auditing, social accountability, social and environmental accounting, corporate social reporting, corporate social responsibility reporting, non-financial reporting or accounting) is the process of communicating the social and environmental effects of organizations' economic actions to particular interest groups within society and to society at large.

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Social change

Social change is an alteration in the social order of a society.

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Social marketing

Social marketing is the use of marketing theory, skills and practices to achieve social change.

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Social norms approach

The social norms approach, or social norms marketing, is an environmental strategy gaining ground in health campaigns.

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Social sustainability

Social life is the least defined and least understood of the different ways of approaching sustainability and sustainable development.

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Social work

Social work is an academic discipline and profession that concerns itself with individuals, families, groups and communities in an effort to enhance social functioning and overall well-being.

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Socially responsible investing

Socially responsible investing (SRI), or social investment, also known as sustainable, socially conscious, "green" or ethical investing, is any investment strategy which seeks to consider both financial return and social/environmental good to bring about a positive change.

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Socially responsible marketing

Socially responsible marketing is a marketing philosophy that a company should take into consideration; "What is in the best interest of society in the present and long term?"Armstrong, Gary, and Philip Kotler.

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Soft law

The term "soft law" refers to quasi-legal instruments which do not have any legally binding force, or whose binding force is somewhat weaker than the binding force of traditional law, often contrasted with soft law by being referred to as "hard law".

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Stakeholder (corporate)

In a corporation, as defined in its first usage in a 1963 internal memorandum at the Stanford Research Institute, a stakeholder is a member of the "groups without whose support the organization would cease to exist".

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Standard Ethics Aei

Standard Ethics is a sustainability reporting and rating agency based in London and Brussels which aims at promoting corporate ethics, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Socially responsible investing (SRI) and corporate governance according to the principles and guidelines of the United Nations (UN), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and the European Union (EU).

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Stanley B. Prusiner

Stanley Benjamin Prusiner M.D (born May 28, 1942) is an American neurologist and biochemist.

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Stephen Harper

Stephen Joseph Harper (born April 30, 1959) is a Canadian economist, entrepreneur, and retired politician who served as the 22nd Prime Minister of Canada, from February 6, 2006, to November 4, 2015.

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Strategic management

In the field of management, strategic management involves the formulation and implementation of the major goals and initiatives taken by an organization's top management on behalf of owners, based on consideration of resources and an assessment of the internal and external environments in which the organization operates.

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Supply chain

A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in moving a product or service from supplier to customer.

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Supply chain management

In commerce, supply chain management (SCM), the management of the flow of goods and services, involves the movement and storage of raw materials, of work-in-process inventory, and of finished goods from point of origin to point of consumption.

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Supreme Court of the United States

The Supreme Court of the United States (sometimes colloquially referred to by the acronym SCOTUS) is the highest federal court of the United States.

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Sustainability reporting

A sustainability report is an organizational report that gives information about economic, environmental, social and governance performance.

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Sustainable development

Sustainable development is the organizing principle for meeting human development goals while at the same time sustaining the ability of natural systems to provide the natural resources and ecosystem services upon which the economy and society depend.

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Tax

A tax (from the Latin taxo) is a mandatory financial charge or some other type of levy imposed upon a taxpayer (an individual or other legal entity) by a governmental organization in order to fund various public expenditures.

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Tesco

Tesco plc, trading as Tesco, is a British multinational groceries and general merchandise retailer with headquarters in Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, England, United Kingdom.

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Textile industry

The textile industry is primarily concerned with the design, production and distribution of yarn, cloth and clothing.

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The Body Shop

The Body Shop International Limited, trading as The Body Shop, is a British cosmetics, skin care and perfume company that was founded in 1976 by Dame Anita Roddick.

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The Co-operative Group

The Co-operative Group, trading as the Co-op, is a British consumer co-operative with a diverse family of retail businesses including food retail and wholesale; electrical retail; financial services; insurance services; legal services and funeralcare, with in excess of 4,200 locations.

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The Coca-Cola Company

The Coca-Cola Company is an American corporation, and manufacturer, retailer, and marketer of nonalcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups.

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The New York Times Magazine

The New York Times Magazine is a Sunday magazine supplement included with the Sunday edition of The New York Times.

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Triple bottom line

Triple bottom line (or otherwise noted as TBL or 3BL) is an accounting framework with three parts: social, environmental (or ecological) and financial.

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Turnover (employment)

In human resources context, turnover is the act of replacing an employee with a new employee.

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Unilever

Unilever () is a British-Dutch transnational consumer goods company co-headquartered in London, United Kingdom and Rotterdam, Netherlands.

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United Nations

The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization tasked to promote international cooperation and to create and maintain international order.

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United Nations Global Compact

The United Nations Global Compact is a United Nations initiative to encourage businesses worldwide to adopt sustainable and socially responsible policies, and to report on their implementation.

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United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights

The United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) is an instrument consisting of 31 principles implementing the United Nations ‘Protect, Respect and Remedy’ framework on this issue of human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises.

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Voluntary compliance

Voluntary compliance is one of possible ways of practicing corporate social responsibility.

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Volunteer grant

Volunteer grants are charitable gifts given to non-profit organizations by corporations in recognition of volunteer work being done by a company's employees.

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W. Edwards Deming

William Edwards Deming (October 14, 1900 – December 20, 1993) was an American engineer, statistician, professor, author, lecturer, and management consultant.

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Whole Foods Market

Whole Foods Market Inc. is an American supermarket chain that specializes in selling organic foods products without artificial additive products for growing foods, colors, flavors, sweeteners, and hydrogenated fats.

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2013 Savar building collapse

The 2013 Savar building collapse or Rana Plaza collapse was a structural failure that occurred on 24 April 2013 in the Savar Upazila of Dhaka District, Bangladesh, where a five-story commercial building named Rana Plaza collapsed.

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Corporate Citizenship, Corporate Social Responsibility, Corporate citizen, Corporate citizens, Corporate citizenship, Corporate citizenships, Corporate responsibilities, Corporate responsibility, Corporate social initiative, Corporate social investment, Corporate social responsability, Corporate social responsibilities, Environmental, Social, Governance, Ethical CSR, Ethical corporate social responsibility, Responsible business, Responsible businesses, Social license, Social license to operate, Strategic CSR, Strategic corporate social responsibility.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_social_responsibility

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