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35 relations: Alberic I of Spoleto, Alberic II of Spoleto, Alberic III, Count of Tusculum, Antipope, Antipope Benedict X, Byzantine Empire, Colonna family, Colonna, Lazio, Ferdinand Gregorovius, Gregorian Reform, Gregory I, Count of Tusculum, Gregory II, Count of Tusculum, Gregory III, Count of Tusculum, Holy Roman Emperor, Italy, Jonathan of Tusculum, Latium, List of popes, Pope Benedict IX, Pope Benedict VII, Pope Benedict VIII, Pope John XI, Pope John XII, Pope John XIX, Pope Leo IX, Pope Nicholas II, Ptolemy I of Tusculum, Ptolemy II of Tusculum, Raino of Tusculum, Rome, Saeculum obscurum, Theophylact I, Count of Tusculum, Thietmar of Merseburg, Tusculan Papacy, Tusculum.
Alberic I of Spoleto
Alberic I (died c. 925) was the Lombard duke of Spoleto from between 896 and 900 until 920, 922, or thereabouts.
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Alberic II of Spoleto
Alberic II (912–954) was ruler of Rome from 932 to 954, after deposing his mother Marozia and his stepfather, King Hugh of Italy.
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Alberic III, Count of Tusculum
Alberic III (died 1044) was the Count of Tusculum, along with Galeria, Preneste, and Arce, from 1024, when his brother the count Roman was elected Pope John XIX, until his own death.
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Antipope
An antipope (antipapa) is a person who, in opposition to the one who is generally seen as the legitimately elected Pope, makes a significantly accepted competing claim to be the Pope, the Bishop of Rome and leader of the Catholic Church.
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Antipope Benedict X
Pope/Antipope Benedict X (died 1073/1080), was born Giovanni, a son of Guido (the youngest son of Alberic III, Count of Tusculum), a brother of the notorious Pope Benedict IX (deposed in 1048), a member of the dominant political dynasty in the region at that time.
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Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire and Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, which had been founded as Byzantium).
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Colonna family
The Colonna family, also known as Sciarrillo or Sciarra, is an Italian noble family.
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Colonna, Lazio
Colonna is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Rome in the Italian region Latium, located about southeast of Rome, on the Alban Hills.
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Ferdinand Gregorovius
Ferdinand Gregorovius (19 January 1821 Neidenburg, Kingdom of Prussia – 1 May 1891 Munich, Kingdom of Bavaria) was a German historian who specialized in the medieval history of Rome.
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Gregorian Reform
The Gregorian Reforms were a series of reforms initiated by Pope Gregory VII and the circle he formed in the papal curia, c. 1050–80, which dealt with the moral integrity and independence of the clergy.
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Gregory I, Count of Tusculum
Gregory I was the Count of Tusculum sometime between 954 and 1012.
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Gregory II, Count of Tusculum
Gregory II (died 1058) was the son of Alberic III, Count of Tusculum and Ermelina.
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Gregory III, Count of Tusculum
Gregory III (died about 1108) was the son of Gregory II.
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Holy Roman Emperor
The Holy Roman Emperor (historically Romanorum Imperator, "Emperor of the Romans") was the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire (800-1806 AD, from Charlemagne to Francis II).
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Italy
Italy (Italia), officially the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), is a sovereign state in Europe.
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Jonathan of Tusculum
Jonathan (died before 1167) was the count of Tusculum from the death of his father, Ptolemy II, in 1153 to his own death.
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Latium
Latium is the region of central western Italy in which the city of Rome was founded and grew to be the capital city of the Roman Empire.
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List of popes
This chronological list of popes corresponds to that given in the Annuario Pontificio under the heading "I Sommi Pontefici Romani" (The Supreme Pontiffs of Rome), excluding those that are explicitly indicated as antipopes.
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Pope Benedict IX
Pope Benedict IX (Benedictus IX; c. 1012 – c. 1056), born Theophylactus of Tusculum in Rome, was Pope on three occasions between October 1032 and July 1048.
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Pope Benedict VII
Pope Benedict VII (Benedictus VII; d. October 983) was Pope from October 974 to his death in 983.
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Pope Benedict VIII
Pope Benedict VIII (Benedictus VIII; ca. 980 – 9 April 1024) reigned from 18 May 1012 to his death in 1024.
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Pope John XI
Pope John XI (Ioannes XI; d. December 935) was Pope from March 931 (at the age of 20) to his death in December 935.
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Pope John XII
Pope John XII (Ioannes XII; c. 930/93714 May 964) was head of the Catholic Church from 16 December 955 to his death in 964.
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Pope John XIX
Pope John XIX (Ioannes XIX; died October 1032) was Pope from May 1024 to his death in 1032.
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Pope Leo IX
Pope Leo IX (21 June 1002 – 19 April 1054), born Bruno of Egisheim-Dagsburg, was Pope from 12 February 1049 to his death in 1054.
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Pope Nicholas II
Pope Nicholas II (Nicholaus II; c. 990/995 – 27 July 1061), born Gérard de Bourgogne, was Pope from 24 January 1059 until his death.
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Ptolemy I of Tusculum
Ptolemy I (Ptolemaeus or Tolomeo; died 1126) was the count of Tusculum in the first quarter of the twelfth century.
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Ptolemy II of Tusculum
Ptolemy II (also Ptolemæus or Tolomeo) (died 1153) was the count of Tusculum and consul of the Romans (consul Romanorum) from 1126 to his death.
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Raino of Tusculum
Raino, also Rayno, Ranulf, or Reginulf (died after 1179), was the last count of Tusculum from an unknown date when he was first associated with his elder brother, Jonathan, to his own death.
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Rome
Rome (Roma; Roma) is the capital city of Italy and a special comune (named Comune di Roma Capitale).
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Saeculum obscurum
Saeculum obscurum (the Dark Age) is a name given to a period in the history of the Papacy during the first half of the 10th century, beginning with the installation of Pope Sergius III in 904 and lasting for sixty years until the death of Pope John XII in 964.
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Theophylact I, Count of Tusculum
Theophylact I (before 864 – 924/925) was a medieval Count of Tusculum who was the effective ruler of Rome from around 905 through to his death in 924.
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Thietmar of Merseburg
Thietmar (also Dietmar or Dithmar; 25 July 975 – 1 December 1018), Prince-Bishop of Merseburg from 1009 until his death, was an important chronicler recording the reigns of German kings and Holy Roman Emperors of the Ottonian (Saxon) dynasty.
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Tusculan Papacy
The Tusculan Papacy was a period of papal history from 1012 to 1048 where three successive Counts of Tusculum installed themselves as pope.
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Tusculum
Tusculum is a ruined Roman city in the Alban Hills, in the Latium region of Italy.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counts_of_Tusculum
