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Craniosynostosis

Index Craniosynostosis

Craniosynostosis (from cranio, cranium; + syn, together; + ostosis relating to bone) is a condition in which one or more of the fibrous sutures in an infant (very young) skull prematurely fuses by turning into bone (ossification), thereby changing the growth pattern of the skull. [1]

107 relations: Adenoid hypertrophy, Adrenaline, Anatomical terms of location, Aneurysm, Aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva, Anterior cranial fossa, Apert syndrome, Arachnodactyly, Arterial tortuosity syndrome, Ataxia, Blood product, Blood transfusion, Brachycephaly, Cephalic index, Chiari malformation, Cleft lip and cleft palate, Compensatory growth (organ), Cornea, Coronal plane, Coronal suture, Cranial vault, Craniosynostosis, Crouzon syndrome, Crouzonodermoskeletal syndrome, CT scan, Decompressive craniectomy, Disease, Dura mater, Dwarfism, Endoscope, Exophthalmos, Facial skeleton, Facial symmetry, Fibrillin 1, Fibroblast growth factor receptor, Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1, Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2, Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3, Fibrous joint, Fontanelle, Frontal suture, Genetics, Greenstick fracture, Head, Hearing loss, Hernia, Hydrocephalus, Hypertelorism, Hypotelorism, Indian hedgehog (protein), ..., Intellectual disability, Intelligence quotient, Intracranial pressure, Intramembranous ossification, Jackson–Weiss syndrome, Jugular foramen, Lambdoid suture, Loeys–Dietz syndrome, Magnetic resonance imaging, Meninges, Mesenchyme, Microcephaly, Micrognathism, Molecular biology, Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3, Muenke syndrome, Neurocranium, Noggin (protein), Obstructive sleep apnea, Occipital bone, Ophthalmoscopy, Orbit (anatomy), Oxycephaly, Palatine uvula, Papilledema, Periosteum, Pfeiffer syndrome, Pharynx, Phenotype, Pierre Robin syndrome, Plagiocephaly, Ptosis (eyelid), Radiography, Saethre–Chotzen syndrome, Sagittal plane, Sagittal suture, Scaphocephaly, Shprintzen–Goldberg syndrome, Skin fold, Skull, Smoking and pregnancy, Spasticity, Specific developmental disorder, Strabismus, Syndactyly, Syndrome, Temporal fossa, Temporomandibular joint, Teratology, Terminology, TGF beta receptor 1, TGF beta receptor 2, Thyroid hormones, Trigonocephaly, Twist transcription factor, Valproate, Ventriculomegaly. Expand index (57 more) »

Adenoid hypertrophy

Adenoid hypertrophy (or enlarged adenoids) is the unusual growth (hypertrophy) of the adenoid (pharyngeal tonsil) first described in 1868 by the Danish physician Wilhelm Meyer (1824-1895) in Copenhagen.

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Adrenaline

Adrenaline, also known as adrenalin or epinephrine, is a hormone, neurotransmitter, and medication.

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Anatomical terms of location

Standard anatomical terms of location deal unambiguously with the anatomy of animals, including humans.

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Aneurysm

An aneurysm is a localized, abnormal, weak spot on a blood vessel wall that causes an outward bulging, likened to a bubble or balloon.

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Aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva

Aneurysm of the aortic sinus, also known as the sinus of Valsalva, is comparatively rare.

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Anterior cranial fossa

The anterior cranial fossa is a depression in the floor of the cranial base which houses the projecting frontal lobes of the brain.

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Apert syndrome

Apert syndrome is a form of acrocephalosyndactyly, a congenital disorder characterized by malformations of the skull, face, hands and feet.

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Arachnodactyly

Arachnodactyly ("spider fingers") or achromachia is a condition in which the fingers and toes are abnormally long and slender, in comparison to the palm of the hand and arch of the foot.

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Arterial tortuosity syndrome

Arterial tortuosity syndrome is a rare congenital connective tissue condition disorder characterized by elongation and generalized tortuosity of the major arteries including the aorta.

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Ataxia

Ataxia is a neurological sign consisting of lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movements that includes gait abnormality.

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Blood product

A blood product is any therapeutic substance prepared from human blood.

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Blood transfusion

Blood transfusion is generally the process of receiving blood or blood products into one's circulation intravenously.

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Brachycephaly

Brachycephaly (from Greek roots meaning "short" and "head") is the shape of a skull shorter than typical for its species.

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Cephalic index

The cephalic index or cranial index is the ratio of the maximum width (bipareital diameter or BPD, side to side) of the head of an organism (human or animal) multiplied by 100 divided by its maximum length (occipitofrontal diameter or OFD, front to back).

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Chiari malformation

Chiari malformations (CMs) are structural defects in the cerebellum.

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Cleft lip and cleft palate

Cleft lip and cleft palate, also known as orofacial cleft, is a group of conditions that includes cleft lip (CL), cleft palate (CP), and both together (CLP).

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Compensatory growth (organ)

Compensatory growth is a type of regenerative growth that can take place in a number of human organs after the organs are either damaged, removed, or cease to function.

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Cornea

The cornea is the transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber.

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Coronal plane

A coronal plane (also known as the frontal plane) is any vertical plane that divides the body into ventral and dorsal (belly and back) sections.

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Coronal suture

The coronal suture is a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint that separates the frontal and parietal bones of the skull.

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Cranial vault

The cranial vault is the space in the skull within the neurocranium, occupied by the brain.

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Craniosynostosis

Craniosynostosis (from cranio, cranium; + syn, together; + ostosis relating to bone) is a condition in which one or more of the fibrous sutures in an infant (very young) skull prematurely fuses by turning into bone (ossification), thereby changing the growth pattern of the skull.

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Crouzon syndrome

Crouzon syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder known as a branchial arch syndrome.

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Crouzonodermoskeletal syndrome

Crouzonodermoskeletal syndrome is a disorder characterized by the premature joining of certain bones of the skull (craniosynostosis) during development and a skin condition called acanthosis nigricans.

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CT scan

A CT scan, also known as computed tomography scan, makes use of computer-processed combinations of many X-ray measurements taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of specific areas of a scanned object, allowing the user to see inside the object without cutting.

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Decompressive craniectomy

Decompressive craniectomy (crani- + -ectomy) is a neurosurgical procedure in which part of the skull is removed to allow a swelling brain room to expand without being squeezed.

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Disease

A disease is any condition which results in the disorder of a structure or function in an organism that is not due to any external injury.

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Dura mater

Dura mater, or dura, is a thick membrane made of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord.

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Dwarfism

Dwarfism, also known as short stature, occurs when an organism is extremely small.

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Endoscope

An endoscope is an illuminated optical, typically slender and tubular instrument (a type of borescope) used to look deep into the body and used in procedures called an endoscopy.

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Exophthalmos

Exophthalmos (also called exophthalmus, exophthalmia, proptosis, or exorbitism) is a bulging of the eye anteriorly out of the orbit.

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Facial skeleton

The facial skeleton comprises the facial bones that may attach to form a portion of the skull.

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Facial symmetry

Facial symmetry is one specific measure of bodily asymmetry.

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Fibrillin 1

Fibrillin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBN1 gene, located on chromosome 15.

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Fibroblast growth factor receptor

The fibroblast growth factor receptors are, as their name implies, receptors that bind to members of the fibroblast growth factor family of proteins.

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Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), also known as basic fibroblast growth factor receptor 1, fms-related tyrosine kinase-2 / Pfeiffer syndrome, and CD331, is a receptor tyrosine kinase whose ligands are specific members of the fibroblast growth factor family.

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Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) also known as CD332 (cluster of differentiation 332) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGFR2 gene residing on chromosome 10.

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Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGFR3 gene.

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Fibrous joint

Fibrous joints are connected by dense connective tissue, consisting mainly of collagen.

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Fontanelle

A fontanelle (or fontanel) (colloquially, soft spot) is an anatomical feature of the infant human skull comprising any of the soft membranous gaps (sutures) between the cranial bones that make up the calvaria of a fetus or an infant.

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Frontal suture

The frontal suture is a fibrous joint that divides the two halves of the frontal bone of the skull in infants and children.

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Genetics

Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms.

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Greenstick fracture

A greenstick fracture is a fracture in a young, soft bone in which the bone bends and breaks.

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Head

A head is the part of an organism which usually includes the eyes, ears, nose, and mouth, each of which aid in various sensory functions such as sight, hearing, smell, and taste, respectively.

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Hearing loss

Hearing loss, also known as hearing impairment, is a partial or total inability to hear.

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Hernia

A hernia is the abnormal exit of tissue or an organ, such as the bowel, through the wall of the cavity in which it normally resides.

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Hydrocephalus

Hydrocephalus is a condition in which there is an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the brain.

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Hypertelorism

Hypertelorism is an abnormally increased distance between two organs or bodily parts, usually referring to an increased distance between the orbits (eyes), or orbital hypertelorism.

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Hypotelorism

Hypotelorism is a medical condition in which there is an abnormally decreased distance between two organs or bodily parts, usually pertaining to the eyes (orbits), also known as orbital hypotelorism.

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Indian hedgehog (protein)

Indian hedgehog homolog (Drosophila), also known as IHH, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the IHH gene.

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Intellectual disability

Intellectual disability (ID), also known as general learning disability, and mental retardation (MR), is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significantly impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning.

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Intelligence quotient

An intelligence quotient (IQ) is a total score derived from several standardized tests designed to assess human intelligence.

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Intracranial pressure

Intracranial pressure (ICP) is the pressure inside the skull and thus in the brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

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Intramembranous ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two essential processes during fetal development of the gnathostome (excluding chondrichthyans such as sharks) skeletal system by which rudimentary bone tissue is created.

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Jackson–Weiss syndrome

Jackson–Weiss syndrome (JWS) is a genetic disorder characterized by foot abnormalities and the premature fusion of certain bones of the skull (craniosynostosis), which prevents further growth of the skull and affects the shape of the head and face.

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Jugular foramen

The jugular foramen is a large foramen (aperture) in the base of the skull.

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Lambdoid suture

The lambdoid suture (or lambdoidal suture) is a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint on the posterior aspect of the skull that connects the parietal bones with the occipital bone.

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Loeys–Dietz syndrome

Loeys–Dietz syndrome (LDS) is an autosomal dominant genetic connective tissue disorder.

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Magnetic resonance imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to form pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes of the body in both health and disease.

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Meninges

The meninges (singular: meninx, from membrane, adjectival: meningeal) are the three membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord.

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Mesenchyme

Mesenchyme, in vertebrate embryology, is a type of connective tissue found mostly during the development of the embryo.

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Microcephaly

Microcephaly is a medical condition in which the brain does not develop properly resulting in a smaller than normal head.

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Micrognathism

Micrognathism, also called micrognathia, strawberry chin, hypognathia or hypogthathism, is a condition where the jaw is undersized.

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Molecular biology

Molecular biology is a branch of biology which concerns the molecular basis of biological activity between biomolecules in the various systems of a cell, including the interactions between DNA, RNA, proteins and their biosynthesis, as well as the regulation of these interactions.

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Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3

Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 also known as SMAD family member 3 or SMAD3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMAD3 gene.

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Muenke syndrome

Muenke syndrome, also known as FGFR3-related craniosynostosis, is a human specific condition characterized by the premature closure of certain bones of the skull during development, which affects the shape of the head and face.

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Neurocranium

In human anatomy, the neurocranium, also known as the braincase, brainpan, or brain-pan is the upper and back part of the skull, which forms a protective case around the brain.

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Noggin (protein)

Noggin, also known as NOG, is a protein that is involved in the development of many body tissues, including nerve tissue, muscles, and bones.

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Obstructive sleep apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common type of sleep apnea and is caused by complete or partial obstructions of the upper airway.

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Occipital bone

The occipital bone is a cranial dermal bone, and is the main bone of the occiput (back and lower part of the skull).

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Ophthalmoscopy

Ophthalmoscopy, also called funduscopy, is a test that allows a health professional to see inside the fundus of the eye and other structures using an ophthalmoscope (or funduscope).

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Orbit (anatomy)

In anatomy, the orbit is the cavity or socket of the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated.

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Oxycephaly

Oxycephaly is a type of cephalic disorder where the top of the skull is pointed or conical due to premature closure of the coronal suture plus any other suture, like the lambdoid, or it may be used to describe the premature fusion of all sutures.

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Palatine uvula

The palatine uvula, usually referred to as simply the uvula, is a conic projection from the posterior edge of the middle of the soft palate, composed of connective tissue containing a number of racemose glands, and some muscular fibers (musculus uvulae).

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Papilledema

Papilledema (or papilloedema) is optic disc swelling that is caused by increased intracranial pressure due to any cause.

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Periosteum

The periosteum is a membrane that covers the outer surface of all bones, except at the joints of long bones.

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Pfeiffer syndrome

Pfeiffer syndrome is a very rare genetic disorder characterized by the premature fusion of certain bones of the skull which affects the shape of the head and face.

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Pharynx

The pharynx (plural: pharynges) is the part of the throat that is behind the mouth and nasal cavity and above the esophagus and the larynx, or the tubes going down to the stomach and the lungs.

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Phenotype

A phenotype is the composite of an organism's observable characteristics or traits, such as its morphology, development, biochemical or physiological properties, behavior, and products of behavior (such as a bird's nest).

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Pierre Robin syndrome

Pierre Robin syndrome (abbreviated to PRS, and also known as Pierre Robin sequence, Pierre Robin malformation, Pierre Robin anomaly or Pierre Robin anomalad) is a congenital condition of facial abnormalities in humans.

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Plagiocephaly

Plagiocephaly, also known as flat head syndrome, is a condition characterized by an asymmetrical distortion (flattening of one side) of the skull.

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Ptosis (eyelid)

Ptosis (/ˈtoʊsɪs/) is a drooping or falling of the upper eyelid.

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Radiography

Radiography is an imaging technique using X-rays to view the internal form of an object.

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Saethre–Chotzen syndrome

Saethre–Chotzen syndrome (SCS), also known as acrocephalosyndactyly type III, is a rare congenital disorder associated with craniosynostosis (premature closure of one or more of the sutures between the bones of the skull).

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Sagittal plane

A sagittal plane or longitudinal plane is an anatomical plane which divides the body into right and left parts.

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Sagittal suture

The sagittal suture is a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint between the two parietal bones of the skull.

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Scaphocephaly

Scaphocephaly is a type of cephalic disorder which occurs when there is a premature fusion of the sagittal suture.

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Shprintzen–Goldberg syndrome

Shprintzen–Goldberg syndrome is a multiple anomaly syndrome that has craniosynostosis, multiple abdominal hernias, cognitive impairment, and other skeletal malformations as key features.

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Skin fold

Skin folds or skinfolds are areas of skin where it folds.

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Skull

The skull is a bony structure that forms the head in vertebrates.

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Smoking and pregnancy

Tobacco smoking and pregnancy is related to many effects on health and reproduction, in addition to the general health effects of tobacco.

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Spasticity

Spasticity is a feature of altered skeletal muscle performance with a combination of paralysis, increased tendon reflex activity, and hypertonia.

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Specific developmental disorder

Specific developmental disorders (SDD) are disorders in which development is delayed in one specific area or areas,Ahuja Vyas: Textbook of Postgraduate Psychiatry (2 Vols.), 2nd ed.

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Strabismus

Strabismus, also known as crossed eyes, is a condition in which the eyes do not properly align with each other when looking at an object.

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Syndactyly

Syndactyly (from Greek συν- meaning "together" and δακτυλος meaning "finger") is a condition wherein two or more digits are fused together.

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Syndrome

A syndrome is a set of medical signs and symptoms that are correlated with each other and, often, with a particular disease or disorder.

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Temporal fossa

The temporal fossa is a shallow depression on the side of the skull bounded by the temporal lines and terminating below the level of the zygomatic arch.

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Temporomandibular joint

The temporomandibular joints (TMJ) are the two joints connecting the jawbone to the skull.

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Teratology

Teratology is the study of abnormalities of physiological development.

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Terminology

Terminology is the study of terms and their use.

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TGF beta receptor 1

Transforming growth factor beta receptor I (activin A receptor type II-like kinase, 53kDa) is a membrane-bound receptor protein for the TGF beta superfamily of signaling ligands.

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TGF beta receptor 2

Transforming growth factor, beta receptor II (70/80kDa) is a TGF beta receptor.

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Thyroid hormones

Thyroid hormones are two hormones produced and released by the thyroid gland, namely triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4).

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Trigonocephaly

Trigonocephaly (from Greek trigonon, "triangle", and kephale, "head") is a congenital condition of premature fusion of the metopic suture (from Greek metopon, "forehead"), leading to a triangular shaped forehead.

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Twist transcription factor

Twist-related protein 1 (TWIST1) also known as class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 38 (bHLHa38) is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the TWIST1 gene.

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Valproate

Valproate (VPA), and its valproic acid, sodium valproate, and valproate semisodium forms, are medications primarily used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder and to prevent migraine headaches.

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Ventriculomegaly

Ventriculomegaly is a brain condition that occurs in the fetus when the lateral ventricles become dilated.

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Redirects here:

Cloverleaf skull, Coronal synostosis, Cranial Stenosis, Cranial synostosis, Craniostenoses, Craniostenosis, Craniostosis, Craniosynostoses, Kleeblattschadel, Kleeblattschädel, Primary craniosynostosis, Sagittal craniosynostosis syndrome, Warman-Mulliken-Hayward syndrome, Warman–Mulliken–Hayward syndrome.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craniosynostosis

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