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Creole language

Index Creole language

A creole language, or simply creole, is a stable natural language developed from a mixture of different languages at a fairly sudden point in time: often, a pidgin transitioned into a full, native language. [1]

173 relations: Acadians, Africa, African-American English, Age of Discovery, Americas, Amerind languages, Andaman Creole Hindi, Arabic-based creole languages, Article (grammar), Asia, Assamese language, Athens, Georgia, Atlantic Creole, Atlantic slave trade, Australia, Australian Kriol language, Baby talk, Berbice Creole Dutch, Bloomington, Indiana, Brazil, Breton language, Canada, Caribbean, Chinese language, Comparative method, Créolité, Creole language, Creole peoples, Creolistics, Creolization, Criollo people, Decreolization, Derek Bickerton, Dialect, Diglossia, Discourse, Dutch-based creole languages, Ebonics (word), English language, English-based creole languages, Etruscan language, European colonialism, Extinct language, French language, French-based creole languages, Generation, German language, Germanic languages, Germanic substrate hypothesis, Goa, ..., Gradualism, Grammar, Grammatical modifier, Haitian Creole, Henri Wittmann, Hezhou language, Hindi, Historical linguistics, History of Quebec French, Hokaglish, Hong Kong, Hugo Schuchardt, Hypercorrection, Ian Hancock, Indentured servitude, India, Indian Ocean, Indo-European languages, Indonesia, Indonesian language, Inflection, Intrinsic and extrinsic properties, Japanese language, Johannes Schmidt (linguist), John McWhorter, Kanbun, Kituba language, Koiné language, Kongo language, Krio language, Language acquisition, Language bioprogram theory, Language change, Language complexity, Language contact, Language isolate, Language shift, Languages of Europe, Latin, Lexical item, Lexicon, Lexifier, Lingua franca, Linguistic relativity, Linguistic typology, Linguistic universal, List of creole languages, Louisiana, Louisiana Creole, Macaronic language, Macau, Magoua dialect, Malagasy language, Malay trade and creole languages, Malaysia, Manding languages, Maroon (people), Mauritius, Mediterranean Lingua Franca, Michel DeGraff, Middle English creole hypothesis, Mixed language, Monogenetic theory of pidgins, Nagamese Creole, Nation language, Nativization, Natural language, Navigation, Neogrammarian, Ngbandi language, Nicaraguan Sign Language, Nubi language, Oceania, Organization, Papiamento, Paris, Philippines, Phoneme, Phylogenetic tree, Phylogenetics, Pidgin, Plantation, Portuguese language, Portuguese-based creole languages, Post-creole continuum, Quebec, Quebec French, Relexification, Riau, Robert A. Hall Jr., Robert Chaudenson, Romance languages, Saint Barthélemy, Salikoko Mufwene, Sango language, Saramaccan language, Second language, Second-language acquisition, Semantics, Seychelles, Shipbuilding, Sierra Leone, Sigmund Feist, Singapore, Sinhalese language, Slavery, Sociolinguistics, Soninke language, South America, Spanish language, Spanish-based creole languages, Standard Average European, Stratum (linguistics), Tangwang language, The Guianas, Tone (linguistics), Transparency (linguistic), Unserdeutsch language, Vedda language, Venetian language, Vocabulary, Wave model, Yilan Creole Japanese. Expand index (123 more) »

Acadians

The Acadians (Acadiens) are the descendants of French colonists who settled in Acadia during the 17th and 18th centuries, some of whom are also descended from the Indigenous peoples of the region.

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Africa

Africa is the world's second largest and second most-populous continent (behind Asia in both categories).

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African-American English

African-American English (AAE), also known as Black English in North American linguistics, is the set of English dialects primarily spoken by most black people in North America; most commonly, it refers to a dialect continuum ranging from African-American Vernacular English to a more standard English.

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Age of Discovery

The Age of Discovery, or the Age of Exploration (approximately from the beginning of the 15th century until the end of the 18th century) is an informal and loosely defined term for the period in European history in which extensive overseas exploration emerged as a powerful factor in European culture and was the beginning of globalization.

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Americas

The Americas (also collectively called America)"America." The Oxford Companion to the English Language.

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Amerind languages

Amerind is a hypothetical higher-level language family proposed by Joseph Greenberg in 1960 and elaborated by his student Merritt Ruhlen.

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Andaman Creole Hindi

Andaman Creole Hindi is a trade language of the Andaman Islands, spoken as a native language especially in Port Blair and villages to the south.

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Arabic-based creole languages

An Arabic-based creole language, or simply Arabic creole is a creole language which was significantly influenced by the Arabic language.

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Article (grammar)

An article (with the linguistic glossing abbreviation) is a word that is used with a noun (as a standalone word or a prefix or suffix) to specify grammatical definiteness of the noun, and in some languages extending to volume or numerical scope.

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Asia

Asia is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the Eastern and Northern Hemispheres.

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Assamese language

Assamese or Asamiya অসমীয়া is an Eastern Indo-Aryan language spoken mainly in the Indian state of Assam, where it is an official language.

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Athens, Georgia

Athens, officially Athens–Clarke County, is a consolidated city–county and American college town in the U.S. state of Georgia.

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Atlantic Creole

Atlantic Creole is a term used in North America to describe the Charter Generation of slaves and indentured workers during the European colonization of the Americas before 1660.

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Atlantic slave trade

The Atlantic slave trade or transatlantic slave trade involved the transportation by slave traders of enslaved African people, mainly to the Americas.

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Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands.

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Australian Kriol language

Kriol is an English-based creole language that developed from a pidgin used initially in the region of Sydney and Newcastle in New South Wales, Australia in the early days of European colonisation. Later, it moved west and north. The pidgin died out in most parts of the country, except in the Northern Territory, where the contact between European settlers, Chinese and other Asians and the Indigenous Australians in the northern regions has maintained a vibrant use of the language, spoken by about 30,000 people. Despite its similarities to English in vocabulary, it has a distinct syntactic structure and grammar and is a language in its own right.

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Baby talk

Baby talk is a type of speech associated with an older person speaking to a child.

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Berbice Creole Dutch

Berbice Dutch Creole is a now extinct Dutch-based creole language.

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Bloomington, Indiana

Bloomington is a city in and the county seat of Monroe County in the southern region of the U.S. state of Indiana.

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Brazil

Brazil (Brasil), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (República Federativa do Brasil), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America.

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Breton language

Breton (brezhoneg or in Morbihan) is a Southwestern Brittonic Celtic language spoken in Brittany.

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Canada

Canada is a country located in the northern part of North America.

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Caribbean

The Caribbean is a region that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean) and the surrounding coasts.

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Chinese language

Chinese is a group of related, but in many cases mutually unintelligible, language varieties, forming a branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family.

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Comparative method

In linguistics, the comparative method is a technique for studying the development of languages by performing a feature-by-feature comparison of two or more languages with common descent from a shared ancestor, in order to extrapolate back to infer the properties of that ancestor.

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Créolité

Créolité is a literary movement first developed in the 1980s by the Martinican writers Patrick Chamoiseau, Jean Bernabé and Raphaël Confiant.

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Creole language

A creole language, or simply creole, is a stable natural language developed from a mixture of different languages at a fairly sudden point in time: often, a pidgin transitioned into a full, native language.

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Creole peoples

Creole peoples (and its cognates in other languages such as crioulo, criollo, creolo, créole, kriolu, criol, kreyol, kreol, kriol, krio, kriyoyo, etc.) are ethnic groups which originated from creolisation, linguistic, cultural and racial mixing between colonial-era emigrants from Europe with non-European peoples, climates and cuisines.

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Creolistics

Creolistics, or Creology, is the scientific study of creole languages and, as such, is a subfield of linguistics.

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Creolization

Creolization is the process in which Creole cultures emerge in the New World.

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Criollo people

The Criollo is a term which, in modern times, has diverse meanings, but is most commonly associated with Latin Americans who are of full or near full Spanish descent, distinguishing them from both multi-racial Latin Americans and Latin Americans of post-colonial (and not necessarily Spanish) European immigrant origin.

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Decreolization

Decreolization is a phenomenon whereby over time a creole language reconverges with one of the standard languages from which it originally derived.

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Derek Bickerton

Derek Bickerton (March 25, 1926 – March 5, 2018) was an English-born American linguist and academic who was Professor Emeritus at the University of Hawaii in Manoa.

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Dialect

The term dialect (from Latin,, from the Ancient Greek word,, "discourse", from,, "through" and,, "I speak") is used in two distinct ways to refer to two different types of linguistic phenomena.

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Diglossia

In linguistics, diglossia is a situation in which two dialects or languages are used by a single language community.

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Discourse

Discourse (from Latin discursus, "running to and from") denotes written and spoken communications.

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Dutch-based creole languages

A Dutch creole is a creole language that has been substantially influenced by the Dutch language.

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Ebonics (word)

Ebonics (a blend of the words ebony and phonics) is a term that was originally intended to refer to the language of all people descended from enslaved Black Africans, particularly in West Africa, the Caribbean, and North America.

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English language

English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca.

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English-based creole languages

An English-based creole language (often shortened to English creole) is a creole language derived from the English language, for which English is the lexifier.

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Etruscan language

The Etruscan language was the spoken and written language of the Etruscan civilization, in Italy, in the ancient region of Etruria (modern Tuscany plus western Umbria and northern Latium) and in parts of Corsica, Campania, Veneto, Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna.

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European colonialism

European colonialism refers to the worldwide colonial expansion of European countries, which began in the early modern period, c. 1500.

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Extinct language

An extinct language is a language that no longer has any speakers, especially if the language has no living descendants.

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French language

French (le français or la langue française) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.

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French-based creole languages

A French creole, or French-based creole language, is a creole language (contact language with native speakers) for which French is the lexifier.

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Generation

A generation is "all of the people born and living at about the same time, regarded collectively." It can also be described as, "the average period, generally considered to be about thirty years, during which children are born and grow up, become adults, and begin to have children of their own." In kinship terminology, it is a structural term designating the parent-child relationship.

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German language

German (Deutsch) is a West Germanic language that is mainly spoken in Central Europe.

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Germanic languages

The Germanic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family spoken natively by a population of about 515 million people mainly in Europe, North America, Oceania, and Southern Africa.

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Germanic substrate hypothesis

The Germanic substrate hypothesis is an attempt to explain the distinctive nature of the Germanic languages within the context of the Indo-European languages.

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Goa

Goa is a state in India within the coastal region known as the Konkan, in Western India.

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Gradualism

Gradualism, from the Latin gradus ("step"), is a hypothesis, a theory or a tenet assuming that change comes about gradually or that variation is gradual in nature and happens over time as opposed to in large steps.

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Grammar

In linguistics, grammar (from Greek: γραμματική) is the set of structural rules governing the composition of clauses, phrases, and words in any given natural language.

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Grammatical modifier

In grammar, a modifier is an optional element in phrase structure or clause structure.

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Haitian Creole

Haitian Creole (kreyòl ayisyen,; créole haïtien) is a French-based creole language spoken by 9.6–12million people worldwide, and the only language of most Haitians.

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Henri Wittmann

Henri Wittmann (born 1937) is a Canadian linguist from Quebec.

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Hezhou language

Hezhou (Chinese 河州话 Hézhōuhuà) is a creolized mixed language spoken in Gansu Province, China.

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Hindi

Hindi (Devanagari: हिन्दी, IAST: Hindī), or Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari: मानक हिन्दी, IAST: Mānak Hindī) is a standardised and Sanskritised register of the Hindustani language.

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Historical linguistics

Historical linguistics, also called diachronic linguistics, is the scientific study of language change over time.

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History of Quebec French

Quebec French is substantially different in pronunciation and vocabulary to the French of Europe and that of France's Second Empire colonies in Africa and Asia.

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Hokaglish

Hokaglish (or Philippine Hybrid Hokkien), also known by locals as Sa-lam-tsam oe (mixed language), is an oral contact language primarily resulting among three languages: (1) Hokkien, (2) Tagalog, and (3) English (Other languages that have relative influence include Cantonese, Spanish and other local peripheral languages).

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Hong Kong

Hong Kong (Chinese: 香港), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is an autonomous territory of China on the eastern side of the Pearl River estuary in East Asia.

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Hugo Schuchardt

Hugo Ernst Mario Schuchardt (4 February 1842, Gotha (Thuringia) – 21 April 1927, Graz (Styria)) was an eminent German linguist, best known for his work in the Romance languages, the Basque language, and in mixed languages, including pidgins, creoles, and the Lingua franca of the Mediterranean.

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Hypercorrection

In linguistics or usage, hypercorrection is a non-standard usage that results from the over-application of a perceived rule of grammar or a usage prescription.

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Ian Hancock

Ian Hancock (Romani: Yanko le Redžosko, born 29 August 1942) is a linguist, Romani scholar and political advocate.

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Indentured servitude

An indentured servant or indentured laborer is an employee (indenturee) within a system of unfree labor who is bound by a signed or forced contract (indenture) to work for a particular employer for a fixed time.

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India

India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.

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Indian Ocean

The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering (approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface).

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Indo-European languages

The Indo-European languages are a language family of several hundred related languages and dialects.

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Indonesia

Indonesia (or; Indonesian), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Republik Indonesia), is a transcontinental unitary sovereign state located mainly in Southeast Asia, with some territories in Oceania.

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Indonesian language

Indonesian (bahasa Indonesia) is the official language of Indonesia.

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Inflection

In grammar, inflection or inflexion – sometimes called accidence – is the modification of a word to express different grammatical categories such as tense, case, voice, aspect, person, number, gender, and mood.

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Intrinsic and extrinsic properties

An intrinsic property is a property of a system or of a material itself or within.

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Japanese language

is an East Asian language spoken by about 128 million people, primarily in Japan, where it is the national language.

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Johannes Schmidt (linguist)

Johannes Friedrich Heinrich Schmidt (July 29, 1843 – July 4, 1901) was a German linguist.

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John McWhorter

John Hamilton McWhorter V (born October 6, 1965) is an American academic and linguist who is Associate Professor of English and Comparative Literature at Columbia University, where he teaches linguistics, American studies, philosophy, and music history.

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Kanbun

, a method of annotating Classical Chinese so that it can be read in Japanese, was used from the Heian period to the mid-20th century.

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Kituba language

Kituba is a widely used lingua franca in Central Africa.

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Koiné language

In linguistics, a koiné language, koiné dialect, or simply koiné (Ancient Greek κοινή, "common ") is a standard language or dialect that has arisen as a result of contact between two or more mutually intelligible varieties (dialects) of the same language.

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Kongo language

Kongo or Kikongo is one of the Bantu languages spoken by the Kongo and Ndundu peoples living in the tropical forests of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo and Angola.

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Krio language

Sierra Leonean Creole or Krio is an English-based creole language that is lingua franca and de facto national language spoken throughout the West African nation of Sierra Leone.

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Language acquisition

Language acquisition is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language, as well as to produce and use words and sentences to communicate.

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Language bioprogram theory

The language bioprogram theory or language bioprogram hypothesis (LBH) is a theory arguing that the structural similarities between different creole languages cannot be solely attributed to their superstrate and substrate languages.

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Language change

Language change is variation over time in a language's phonological, morphological, semantic, syntactic, and other features.

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Language complexity

Language complexity is a topic in linguistics which can be divided into several sub-topics such as phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic complexity.

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Language contact

Language contact occurs when speakers of two or more languages or varieties interact and influence each other.

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Language isolate

A language isolate, in the absolute sense, is a natural language with no demonstrable genealogical (or "genetic") relationship with other languages, one that has not been demonstrated to descend from an ancestor common with any other language.

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Language shift

Language shift, also known as language transfer or language replacement or language assimilation, is the process whereby a community of speakers of a language shifts to speaking a completely different language, usually over an extended period of time.

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Languages of Europe

Most languages of Europe belong to the Indo-European language family.

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Latin

Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

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Lexical item

In lexicography, a lexical item (or lexical unit/ LU, lexical entry) is a single word, a part of a word, or a chain of words (.

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Lexicon

A lexicon, word-hoard, wordbook, or word-stock is the vocabulary of a person, language, or branch of knowledge (such as nautical or medical).

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Lexifier

A lexifier is the dominant (superstrate) language of a particular pidgin or creole language that provides the basis for the majority of vocabulary.

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Lingua franca

A lingua franca, also known as a bridge language, common language, trade language, auxiliary language, vernacular language, or link language is a language or dialect systematically used to make communication possible between people who do not share a native language or dialect, particularly when it is a third language that is distinct from both native languages.

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Linguistic relativity

The hypothesis of linguistic relativity holds that the structure of a language affects its speakers' world view or cognition.

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Linguistic typology

Linguistic typology is a field of linguistics that studies and classifies languages according to their structural and functional features.

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Linguistic universal

A linguistic universal is a pattern that occurs systematically across natural languages, potentially true for all of them.

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List of creole languages

A creole language is a stable natural language developed from a mixture of different languages.

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Louisiana

Louisiana is a state in the southeastern region of the United States.

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Louisiana Creole

Louisiana Creole (kréyol la lwizyàn; créole louisianais) is a French-based creole language spoken by far fewer than 10,000 people, mostly in the state of Louisiana.

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Macaronic language

Macaronic refers to text using a mixture of languages, particularly bilingual puns or situations in which the languages are otherwise used in the same context (rather than simply discrete segments of a text being in different languages).

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Macau

Macau, officially the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is an autonomous territory on the western side of the Pearl River estuary in East Asia.

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Magoua dialect

Magoua, which may derive from a word in an Algonquian language (Makwa; Algonquin: Magwish; Mi'kmaq: Gwimu; huard) which means loon, is a particular dialect of basilectal Quebec French spoken in the Trois-Rivières area, between Trois-Rivières and Maskinongé.

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Malagasy language

Malagasy is an Austronesian language and the national language of Madagascar.

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Malay trade and creole languages

In addition to its classical and literary form, Malay had various regional dialects established before the rise of the Malaccan Sultanate.

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Malaysia

Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia.

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Manding languages

The Manding languages (sometimes spelt Manden) are mutually intelligible dialects or languages in West Africa of the Mande family.

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Maroon (people)

Maroons were Africans who had escaped from slavery in the Americas and mixed with the indigenous peoples of the Americas, and formed independent settlements.

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Mauritius

Mauritius (or; Maurice), officially the Republic of Mauritius (République de Maurice), is an island nation in the Indian Ocean about off the southeast coast of the African continent.

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Mediterranean Lingua Franca

The Mediterranean Lingua Franca or Sabir was a pidgin language used as a lingua franca in the Mediterranean Basin from the 11th to the 19th century.

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Michel DeGraff

Michel Frederic DeGraff is a Haitian creolist who has served on the board of the Journal of Haitian Studies.

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Middle English creole hypothesis

The Middle English creole hypothesis is the concept that the English language is a creole, i.e. a language that developed from a pidgin.

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Mixed language

Although every language is mixed to some extent, by virtue of containing loanwords, it is a matter of controversy whether a term mixed language can meaningfully distinguish the contact phenomena of certain languages (such as those listed below) from the type of contact and borrowing seen in all languages.

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Monogenetic theory of pidgins

According to the theory of monogenesis in its most radical form, all pidgins and creole languages of the world can be ultimately traced back to one linguistic variety.

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Nagamese Creole

Nagamese ("Naga Pidgin") is a creole used in Nagaland.

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Nation language

"Nation language" is the term coined by scholar and poet Kamau BrathwaiteMcArthur, Tom, In the words of Kamau Brathwaite, who is considered the authority of note on nation language and a key exemplar of its use: We in the Caribbean have a kind of plurality: we have English, which is the imposed language on much of the archipelago.

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Nativization

Nativization is the process whereby a language gains native speakers.

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Natural language

In neuropsychology, linguistics, and the philosophy of language, a natural language or ordinary language is any language that has evolved naturally in humans through use and repetition without conscious planning or premeditation.

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Navigation

Navigation is a field of study that focuses on the process of monitoring and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another.

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Neogrammarian

The Neogrammarians (also Young Grammarians; German: Junggrammatiker) were a German school of linguists, originally at the University of Leipzig, in the late 19th century who proposed the Neogrammarian hypothesis of the regularity of sound change.

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Ngbandi language

The Ngbandi language is a dialect continuum of the Ubangian family spoken by a half-million or so people in the Democratic Republic of Congo (Ngbandi proper) and in the Central African Republic (Yakoma and others).

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Nicaraguan Sign Language

Nicaraguan Sign Language (ISN; Idioma de Señas de Nicaragua) is a sign language that was largely spontaneously developed by deaf children in a number of schools in western Nicaragua in the 1970s and 1980s.

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Nubi language

The Nubi language (also called Ki-Nubi) is a Sudanese Arabic-based creole language spoken in Uganda around Bombo, and in Kenya around Kibera, by the descendants of Emin Pasha's Sudanese soldiers who were settled there by the British colonial administration.

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Oceania

Oceania is a geographic region comprising Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia and Australasia.

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Organization

An organization or organisation is an entity comprising multiple people, such as an institution or an association, that has a collective goal and is linked to an external environment.

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Papiamento

Papiamento or Papiamentu is a Portuguese-based creole language spoken in the Dutch West Indies.

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Paris

Paris is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of and a population of 2,206,488.

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Philippines

The Philippines (Pilipinas or Filipinas), officially the Republic of the Philippines (Republika ng Pilipinas), is a unitary sovereign and archipelagic country in Southeast Asia.

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Phoneme

A phoneme is one of the units of sound (or gesture in the case of sign languages, see chereme) that distinguish one word from another in a particular language.

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Phylogenetic tree

A phylogenetic tree or evolutionary tree is a branching diagram or "tree" showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities—their phylogeny—based upon similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics.

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Phylogenetics

In biology, phylogenetics (Greek: φυλή, φῦλον – phylé, phylon.

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Pidgin

A pidgin, or pidgin language, is a grammatically simplified means of communication that develops between two or more groups that do not have a language in common: typically, its vocabulary and grammar are limited and often drawn from several languages.

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Plantation

A plantation is a large-scale farm that specializes in cash crops.

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Portuguese language

Portuguese (português or, in full, língua portuguesa) is a Western Romance language originating from the regions of Galicia and northern Portugal in the 9th century.

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Portuguese-based creole languages

Portuguese creoles are creole languages which have Portuguese as their substantial lexifier.

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Post-creole continuum

A post-creole continuum or simply creole continuum is a dialect continuum of varieties of a creole language between those most and least similar to the superstrate language (that is, a closely related language whose speakers assert dominance of some sort).

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Quebec

Quebec (Québec)According to the Canadian government, Québec (with the acute accent) is the official name in French and Quebec (without the accent) is the province's official name in English; the name is.

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Quebec French

Québec French (français québécois; also known as Québécois French or simply Québécois) is the predominant variety of the French language in Canada, in its formal and informal registers.

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Relexification

In linguistics, relexification is a mechanism of language change by which one language changes much or all of its lexicon, including basic vocabulary, with the lexicon of another language, without drastically changing the relexified language's grammar.

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Riau

Riau (Jawi), is a province of Indonesia.

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Robert A. Hall Jr.

Robert Anderson Hall Jr. (1911–1997) was an American linguist and specialist in the Romance languages.

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Robert Chaudenson

Robert Chaudenson (born 12 April 1937 in Lyon) is a French linguist, a specialist in creole languages and an emeritus professor of linguistics at the University of Provence.

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Romance languages

The Romance languages (also called Romanic languages or Neo-Latin languages) are the modern languages that began evolving from Vulgar Latin between the sixth and ninth centuries and that form a branch of the Italic languages within the Indo-European language family.

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Saint Barthélemy

Saint Barthélemy, officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barthélemy (Collectivité territoriale de Saint-Barthélemy), called Ouanalao by the indigenous people, is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies.

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Salikoko Mufwene

Salikoko Mufwene is a linguist born in Mbaya-Lareme in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

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Sango language

Sango (also spelled Sangho) is a creole language in the Central African Republic and the primary language spoken in the country.

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Saramaccan language

Saramaccan (autonym: Saamáka) is a creole language spoken by about 58,000 ethnic African people near the Saramacca and upper Suriname River, as well as in the capital Paramaribo, in Suriname (formerly also known as Dutch Guiana), 25,000 in French Guiana, and 8,000 in the Netherlands.

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Second language

A person's second language or L2, is a language that is not the native language of the speaker, but that is used in the locale of that person.

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Second-language acquisition

Second-language acquisition (SLA), second-language learning, or L2 (language 2) acquisition, is the process by which people learn a second language.

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Semantics

Semantics (from σημαντικός sēmantikós, "significant") is the linguistic and philosophical study of meaning, in language, programming languages, formal logics, and semiotics.

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Seychelles

Seychelles (French), officially the Republic of Seychelles (République des Seychelles; Creole: Repiblik Sesel), is an archipelago and sovereign state in the Indian Ocean.

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Shipbuilding

Shipbuilding is the construction of ships and other floating vessels.

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Sierra Leone

Sierra Leone, officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country in West Africa.

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Sigmund Feist

Sigmund Feist (Mainz, 12 June 1865 - Copenhagen, 23 March 1943) was a German Jewish pedagogue and historical linguist.

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Singapore

Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign city-state and island country in Southeast Asia.

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Sinhalese language

Sinhalese, known natively as Sinhala (සිංහල; siṁhala), is the native language of the Sinhalese people, who make up the largest ethnic group in Sri Lanka, numbering about 16 million.

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Slavery

Slavery is any system in which principles of property law are applied to people, allowing individuals to own, buy and sell other individuals, as a de jure form of property.

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Sociolinguistics

Sociolinguistics is the descriptive study of the effect of any and all aspects of society, including cultural norms, expectations, and context, on the way language is used, and society's effect on language.

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Soninke language

The Soninke language (Soninke: Sooninkanxanne) is a Mande language spoken by the Soninke people of Africa.

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South America

South America is a continent in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere.

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Spanish language

Spanish or Castilian, is a Western Romance language that originated in the Castile region of Spain and today has hundreds of millions of native speakers in Latin America and Spain.

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Spanish-based creole languages

A Spanish creole, or Spanish-based creole language, is a creole language (contact language with native speakers) for which Spanish serves as its substantial lexifier.

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Standard Average European

Standard Average European (SAE) is a concept introduced in 1939 by Benjamin Whorf to group the modern Indo-European languages of Europe.

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Stratum (linguistics)

In linguistics, a stratum (Latin for "layer") or strate is a language that influences, or is influenced by another through contact.

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Tangwang language

The Tangwang language (Tángwàng huà) is a variety of Mandarin Chinese heavily influenced by the Mongolic Santa language (Dongxiang).

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The Guianas

The Guianas, sometimes called by the Spanish loan-word Guayanas (Las Guayanas), are a region in north-eastern South America which includes the following three territories.

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Tone (linguistics)

Tone is the use of pitch in language to distinguish lexical or grammatical meaning – that is, to distinguish or to inflect words.

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Transparency (linguistic)

Linguistic transparency is a phrase which is used in multiple, overlapping subjects in the fields of linguistics and the philosophy of language.

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Unserdeutsch language

Unserdeutsch ("Our German"), or Rabaul Creole German, is a German-based creole language that originated in Papua New Guinea.

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Vedda language

Vedda is an endangered language which is used by the indigenous Vedda people of Sri Lanka.

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Venetian language

Venetian or Venetan (Venetian: vèneto, vènet or łéngua vèneta) is a Romance language spoken as a native language by almost four million people in the northeast of Italy,Ethnologue.

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Vocabulary

A vocabulary is a set of familiar words within a person's language.

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Wave model

In historical linguistics, the wave model or wave theory (German Wellentheorie) is a model of language change in which a new language feature (innovation) or a new combination of language features spreads from a central region of origin in continuously weakening concentric circles, similar to the waves created when a stone is thrown into a body of water.

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Yilan Creole Japanese

Yilan Creole Japanese is a Japanese-based creole of Taiwan.

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Redirects here:

Creole (language), Creole (linguistics), Creole Languages, Creole genesis, Creole languages, Creole linguistics, Creole or pidgin, Creole superstrate theories, Creoles and Patois, Creoles and pidgins, Creoles and pidgins language, Creoles languages, Creolised, Creolised language, Creolized, Creolized Language, Creolized language, Créole language, Foreigner talk theory, Hypercreolization, ISO 639:crp, Imperfect second language learning theory, Linguistic Creole, Slave trade and nautical language theory of Creole Genesis.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creole_language

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