Table of Contents
108 relations: Amedeo Avogadro, Amount of substance, Annales de chimie et de physique, Anode, Aspirin, Atmosphere, Atom, Atomic nucleus, Atomic units, Avogadro constant, Base pair, Beryllium, Binding energy, Bound state, Carbon, Carbon-12, Carl Wilhelm Oseen, Chemistry, Chromosome 1, Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights, Committee on Data of the International Science Council, Cyclotron, Density, Deuterium, Earth's crust, Electric current, Electrolysis, Electron, Electron mass, Elementary charge, Elementary particle, Faraday constant, Faraday's laws of electrolysis, Fine-structure constant, General Conference on Weights and Measures, Gram, Ground state, Helium-3, Helium-4, History of atomic theory, Human genome, Hydrogen, International Bureau of Weights and Measures, International Organization for Standardization, International System of Units, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, International Union of Pure and Applied Physics, Invariant mass, Ionization energy, Isotope, ... Expand index (58 more) »
- Units of chemical measurement
Amedeo Avogadro
Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo Avogadro, Count of Quaregna and Cerreto (also,; 9 August 17769 July 1856) was an Italian scientist, most noted for his contribution to molecular theory now known as Avogadro's law, which states that equal volumes of gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure will contain equal numbers of molecules.
See Dalton (unit) and Amedeo Avogadro
Amount of substance
In chemistry, the amount of substance (symbol n) in a given sample of matter is defined as a ratio between the number of elementary entities (N) and the Avogadro constant (NA).
See Dalton (unit) and Amount of substance
Annales de chimie et de physique
Annales de chimie et de physique (French for Annals of Chemistry and Physics) is a scientific journal founded in Paris, France, in 1789 under the title Annales de chimie.
See Dalton (unit) and Annales de chimie et de physique
Anode
An anode is an electrode of a polarized electrical device through which conventional current enters the device.
Aspirin
Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to reduce pain, fever, and/or inflammation, and as an antithrombotic.
Atmosphere
An atmosphere is a layer of gasses that envelop an astronomical object, held in place by the gravity of the object.
See Dalton (unit) and Atmosphere
Atom
Atoms are the basic particles of the chemical elements.
Atomic nucleus
The atomic nucleus is the small, dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom, discovered in 1911 by Ernest Rutherford based on the 1909 Geiger–Marsden gold foil experiment. Dalton (unit) and atomic nucleus are nuclear chemistry.
See Dalton (unit) and Atomic nucleus
Atomic units
The atomic units are a system of natural units of measurement that is especially convenient for calculations in atomic physics and related scientific fields, such as computational chemistry and atomic spectroscopy.
See Dalton (unit) and Atomic units
Avogadro constant
The Avogadro constant, commonly denoted or, is an SI defining constant with an exact value of (reciprocal moles).
See Dalton (unit) and Avogadro constant
Base pair
A base pair (bp) is a fundamental unit of double-stranded nucleic acids consisting of two nucleobases bound to each other by hydrogen bonds.
See Dalton (unit) and Base pair
Beryllium
Beryllium is a chemical element; it has symbol Be and atomic number 4.
See Dalton (unit) and Beryllium
Binding energy
In physics and chemistry, binding energy is the smallest amount of energy required to remove a particle from a system of particles or to disassemble a system of particles into individual parts.
See Dalton (unit) and Binding energy
Bound state
A bound state is a composite of two or more fundamental building blocks, such as particles, atoms, or bodies, that behaves as a single object and in which energy is required to split them.
See Dalton (unit) and Bound state
Carbon
Carbon is a chemical element; it has symbol C and atomic number 6.
Carbon-12
Carbon-12 (12C) is the most abundant of the two stable isotopes of carbon (carbon-13 being the other), amounting to 98.93% of element carbon on Earth; its abundance is due to the triple-alpha process by which it is created in stars.
See Dalton (unit) and Carbon-12
Carl Wilhelm Oseen
Carl Wilhelm Oseen (17 April 1879 in Lund – 7 November 1944 in Uppsala) was a theoretical physicist in Uppsala and Director of the Nobel Institute for Theoretical Physics in Stockholm.
See Dalton (unit) and Carl Wilhelm Oseen
Chemistry
Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter.
See Dalton (unit) and Chemistry
Chromosome 1
Chromosome 1 is the designation for the largest human chromosome.
See Dalton (unit) and Chromosome 1
Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights
The Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights (CIAAW) is an international scientific committee of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) under its Division of Inorganic Chemistry.
See Dalton (unit) and Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights
Committee on Data of the International Science Council
The Committee on Data of the International Science Council (CODATA) was established in 1966 as the Committee on Data for Science and Technology, originally part of the International Council of Scientific Unions, now part of the International Science Council (ISC).
See Dalton (unit) and Committee on Data of the International Science Council
Cyclotron
A cyclotron is a type of particle accelerator invented by Ernest Lawrence in 1929–1930 at the University of California, Berkeley, and patented in 1932.
See Dalton (unit) and Cyclotron
Density
Density (volumetric mass density or specific mass) is a substance's mass per unit of volume.
Deuterium
Deuterium (hydrogen-2, symbol H or D, also known as heavy hydrogen) is one of two stable isotopes of hydrogen (the other is protium, or hydrogen-1).
See Dalton (unit) and Deuterium
Earth's crust
Earth's crust is its thick outer shell of rock, referring to less than one percent of the planet's radius and volume.
See Dalton (unit) and Earth's crust
Electric current
An electric current is a flow of charged particles, such as electrons or ions, moving through an electrical conductor or space.
See Dalton (unit) and Electric current
Electrolysis
In chemistry and manufacturing, electrolysis is a technique that uses direct electric current (DC) to drive an otherwise non-spontaneous chemical reaction.
See Dalton (unit) and Electrolysis
Electron
The electron (or in nuclear reactions) is a subatomic particle with a negative one elementary electric charge.
See Dalton (unit) and Electron
Electron mass
In particle physics, the electron mass (symbol) is the mass of a stationary electron, also known as the invariant mass of the electron.
See Dalton (unit) and Electron mass
Elementary charge
The elementary charge, usually denoted by, is a fundamental physical constant, defined as the electric charge carried by a single proton or, equivalently, the magnitude of the negative electric charge carried by a single electron, which has charge −1.
See Dalton (unit) and Elementary charge
Elementary particle
In particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a subatomic particle that is not composed of other particles.
See Dalton (unit) and Elementary particle
Faraday constant
In physical chemistry, the Faraday constant (symbol, sometimes stylized as ℱ) is a physical constant defined as the quotient of the total electric charge (q) by the amount (n) of elementary charge carriers in any given sample of matter: it is expressed in units of coulombs per mole (C/mol).
See Dalton (unit) and Faraday constant
Faraday's laws of electrolysis
Faraday's laws of electrolysis are quantitative relationships based on the electrochemical research published by Michael Faraday in 1833.
See Dalton (unit) and Faraday's laws of electrolysis
Fine-structure constant
In physics, the fine-structure constant, also known as the Sommerfeld constant, commonly denoted by (the Greek letter ''alpha''), is a fundamental physical constant which quantifies the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles.
See Dalton (unit) and Fine-structure constant
General Conference on Weights and Measures
The General Conference on Weights and Measures (abbreviated CGPM from the Conférence générale des poids et mesures) is the supreme authority of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM), the intergovernmental organization established in 1875 under the terms of the Metre Convention through which member states act together on matters related to measurement science and measurement standards.
See Dalton (unit) and General Conference on Weights and Measures
Gram
The gram (originally gramme; SI unit symbol g) is a unit of mass in the International System of Units (SI) equal to one thousandth of a kilogram. Dalton (unit) and gram are units of mass.
Ground state
The ground state of a quantum-mechanical system is its stationary state of lowest energy; the energy of the ground state is known as the zero-point energy of the system.
See Dalton (unit) and Ground state
Helium-3
Helium-3 (3He see also helion) is a light, stable isotope of helium with two protons and one neutron.
See Dalton (unit) and Helium-3
Helium-4
Helium-4 is a stable isotope of the element helium.
See Dalton (unit) and Helium-4
History of atomic theory
Atomic theory is the scientific theory that matter is composed of particles called atoms.
See Dalton (unit) and History of atomic theory
Human genome
The human genome is a complete set of nucleic acid sequences for humans, encoded as DNA within the 23 chromosome pairs in cell nuclei and in a small DNA molecule found within individual mitochondria.
See Dalton (unit) and Human genome
Hydrogen
Hydrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol H and atomic number 1.
See Dalton (unit) and Hydrogen
International Bureau of Weights and Measures
The International Bureau of Weights and Measures (Bureau international des poids et mesures, BIPM) is an intergovernmental organisation, through which its 59 member-states act on measurement standards in areas including chemistry, ionising radiation, physical metrology, as well as the International System of Units (SI) and Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
See Dalton (unit) and International Bureau of Weights and Measures
International Organization for Standardization
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is an independent, non-governmental, international standard development organization composed of representatives from the national standards organizations of member countries.
See Dalton (unit) and International Organization for Standardization
International System of Units
The International System of Units, internationally known by the abbreviation SI (from French Système international d'unités), is the modern form of the metric system and the world's most widely used system of measurement.
See Dalton (unit) and International System of Units
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is an international federation of National Adhering Organizations working for the advancement of the chemical sciences, especially by developing nomenclature and terminology.
See Dalton (unit) and International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
International Union of Pure and Applied Physics
The International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) is an international non-governmental organization whose mission is to assist in the worldwide development of physics, to foster international cooperation in physics, and to help in the application of physics toward solving problems of concern to humanity.
See Dalton (unit) and International Union of Pure and Applied Physics
Invariant mass
The invariant mass, rest mass, intrinsic mass, proper mass, or in the case of bound systems simply mass, is the portion of the total mass of an object or system of objects that is independent of the overall motion of the system.
See Dalton (unit) and Invariant mass
Ionization energy
In physics and chemistry, ionization energy (IE) is the minimum energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron of an isolated gaseous atom, positive ion, or molecule.
See Dalton (unit) and Ionization energy
Isotope
Isotopes are distinct nuclear species (or nuclides) of the same chemical element.
Isotope analysis
Isotope analysis is the identification of isotopic signature, abundance of certain stable isotopes of chemical elements within organic and inorganic compounds.
See Dalton (unit) and Isotope analysis
Isotopes of hydrogen
Hydrogen (1H) has three naturally occurring isotopes, sometimes denoted,, and.
See Dalton (unit) and Isotopes of hydrogen
Isotopes of lithium
Naturally occurring lithium (3Li) is composed of two stable isotopes, lithium-6 (6Li) and lithium-7 (7Li), with the latter being far more abundant on Earth.
See Dalton (unit) and Isotopes of lithium
Jean Baptiste Perrin
Jean Baptiste Perrin (30 September 1870 – 17 April 1942) was a French physicist who, in his studies of the Brownian motion of minute particles suspended in liquids (sedimentation equilibrium), verified Albert Einstein's explanation of this phenomenon and thereby confirmed the atomic nature of matter.
See Dalton (unit) and Jean Baptiste Perrin
Johann Josef Loschmidt
Johann Josef Loschmidt (15 March 1821 – 8 July 1895), who mostly called himself Josef Loschmidt (omitting his first name), was an Austrian scientist who performed ground-breaking work in chemistry, physics (thermodynamics, optics, electrodynamics), and crystal forms.
See Dalton (unit) and Johann Josef Loschmidt
John Dalton
John Dalton (5 or 6 September 1766 – 27 July 1844) was an English chemist, physicist and meteorologist.
See Dalton (unit) and John Dalton
Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data
The Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by AIP Publishing on behalf of the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
See Dalton (unit) and Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data
Kendrick mass
The Kendrick mass is defined by setting the mass of a chosen molecular fragment, typically CH2, to an integer value in amu (atomic mass units). Dalton (unit) and Kendrick mass are metrology and units of mass.
See Dalton (unit) and Kendrick mass
Kilo-
Kilo is a decimal unit prefix in the metric system denoting multiplication by one thousand (103).
Law of definite proportions
In chemistry, the law of definite proportions, sometimes called Proust's law or the law of constant composition, states that a given chemical compound always contains its component elements in fixed ratio (by mass) and does not depend on its source and method of preparation.
See Dalton (unit) and Law of definite proportions
Mass
Mass is an intrinsic property of a body.
Mass (mass spectrometry)
The mass recorded by a mass spectrometer can refer to different physical quantities depending on the characteristics of the instrument and the manner in which the mass spectrum is displayed.
See Dalton (unit) and Mass (mass spectrometry)
Mass excess
The mass excess of a nuclide is the difference between its actual mass and its mass number in daltons. Dalton (unit) and mass excess are nuclear chemistry.
See Dalton (unit) and Mass excess
Mass number
The mass number (symbol A, from the German word: Atomgewicht, "atomic weight"), also called atomic mass number or nucleon number, is the total number of protons and neutrons (together known as nucleons) in an atomic nucleus. Dalton (unit) and mass number are nuclear chemistry.
See Dalton (unit) and Mass number
Mass spectrometry
Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that is used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions.
See Dalton (unit) and Mass spectrometry
Mass-to-charge ratio
The mass-to-charge ratio (m/Q) is a physical quantity relating the mass (quantity of matter) and the electric charge of a given particle, expressed in units of kilograms per coulomb (kg/C). Dalton (unit) and mass-to-charge ratio are metrology.
See Dalton (unit) and Mass-to-charge ratio
Mass–energy equivalence
In physics, mass–energy equivalence is the relationship between mass and energy in a system's rest frame, where the two quantities differ only by a multiplicative constant and the units of measurement.
See Dalton (unit) and Mass–energy equivalence
Matthew Kulke
Matthew Kulke is an American cancer researcher.
See Dalton (unit) and Matthew Kulke
Mega-
Mega is a unit prefix in metric systems of units denoting a factor of one million (106 or 000).
Michael Faraday
Michael Faraday (22 September 1791 – 25 August 1867) was an English scientist who contributed to the study of electromagnetism and electrochemistry.
See Dalton (unit) and Michael Faraday
Miller index
Miller indices form a notation system in crystallography for lattice planes in crystal (Bravais) lattices.
See Dalton (unit) and Miller index
Molar mass
In chemistry, the molar mass (or molecular weight) of a chemical compound is defined as the ratio between the mass and the amount of substance (measured in moles) of any sample of the compound.
See Dalton (unit) and Molar mass
Molar mass constant
The molar mass constant, usually denoted by Mu, is a physical constant defined as one twelfth of the molar mass of carbon-12: Mu.
See Dalton (unit) and Molar mass constant
Molar volume
In chemistry and related fields, the molar volume, symbol Vm, or \tilde V of a substance is the ratio of the volume (V) occupied by a substance to the amount of substance (n): Vm.
See Dalton (unit) and Molar volume
Mole (unit)
The mole (symbol mol) is a unit of measurement, the base unit in the International System of Units (SI) for amount of substance, a quantity proportional to the number of elementary entities of a substance. Dalton (unit) and mole (unit) are units of chemical measurement.
See Dalton (unit) and Mole (unit)
Molecular mass
The molecular mass (m) is the mass of a given molecule.
See Dalton (unit) and Molecular mass
Molecule
A molecule is a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds; depending on context, the term may or may not include ions which satisfy this criterion.
See Dalton (unit) and Molecule
Monoisotopic mass
Monoisotopic mass (Mmi) is one of several types of molecular masses used in mass spectrometry.
See Dalton (unit) and Monoisotopic mass
National Institute of Standards and Technology
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is an agency of the United States Department of Commerce whose mission is to promote American innovation and industrial competitiveness.
See Dalton (unit) and National Institute of Standards and Technology
Neutron
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Nobel Prize in Physics
The Nobel Prize in Physics (Nobelpriset i fysik) is an annual award given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for those who have made the most outstanding contributions to mankind in the field of physics.
See Dalton (unit) and Nobel Prize in Physics
Non-SI units mentioned in the SI
While the International System of Units (SI) is used throughout the world in all fields, many non-SI units continue to be used in the scientific, technical, and commercial literature.
See Dalton (unit) and Non-SI units mentioned in the SI
Nucleic acid
Nucleic acids are large biomolecules that are crucial in all cells and viruses.
See Dalton (unit) and Nucleic acid
Nuclide
A nuclide (or nucleide, from nucleus, also known as nuclear species) is a class of atoms characterized by their number of protons, Z, their number of neutrons, N, and their nuclear energy state.
Organic matter
Organic matter, organic material, or natural organic matter refers to the large source of carbon-based compounds found within natural and engineered, terrestrial, and aquatic environments.
See Dalton (unit) and Organic matter
Particle physics
Particle physics or high-energy physics is the study of fundamental particles and forces that constitute matter and radiation.
See Dalton (unit) and Particle physics
Physical constant
A physical constant, sometimes fundamental physical constant or universal constant, is a physical quantity that cannot be explained by a theory and therefore must be measured experimentally.
See Dalton (unit) and Physical constant
Physics
Physics is the natural science of matter, involving the study of matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force.
Planck constant
The Planck constant, or Planck's constant, denoted by is a fundamental physical constant of foundational importance in quantum mechanics: a photon's energy is equal to its frequency multiplied by the Planck constant, and the wavelength of a matter wave equals the Planck constant divided by the associated particle momentum.
See Dalton (unit) and Planck constant
Polymer
A polymer is a substance or material consisting of very large molecules linked together into chains of repeating subunits.
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
Proton
A proton is a stable subatomic particle, symbol, H+, or 1H+ with a positive electric charge of +1 e (elementary charge).
Proton-to-electron mass ratio
In physics, the proton-to-electron mass ratio (symbol μ or β) is the rest mass of the proton (a baryon found in atoms) divided by that of the electron (a lepton found in atoms), a dimensionless quantity, namely: The number in parentheses is the measurement uncertainty on the last two digits, corresponding to a relative standard uncertainty of.
See Dalton (unit) and Proton-to-electron mass ratio
Pure and Applied Chemistry
Pure and Applied Chemistry is the official journal for the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).
See Dalton (unit) and Pure and Applied Chemistry
Relative atomic mass
Relative atomic mass (symbol: A; sometimes abbreviated RAM or r.a.m.), also known by the deprecated synonym atomic weight, is a dimensionless physical quantity defined as the ratio of the average mass of atoms of a chemical element in a given sample to the atomic mass constant.
See Dalton (unit) and Relative atomic mass
Reviews of Modern Physics
Reviews of Modern Physics (often abbreviated RMP) is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Physical Society.
See Dalton (unit) and Reviews of Modern Physics
Robert Andrews Millikan
Robert Andrews Millikan (March 22, 1868 – December 19, 1953) was an American experimental physicist who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1923 for the measurement of the elementary electric charge and for his work on the photoelectric effect.
See Dalton (unit) and Robert Andrews Millikan
Rydberg constant
In spectroscopy, the Rydberg constant, symbol R_\infty for heavy atoms or R_\text for hydrogen, named after the Swedish physicist Johannes Rydberg, is a physical constant relating to the electromagnetic spectra of an atom.
See Dalton (unit) and Rydberg constant
Silicon
Silicon is a chemical element; it has symbol Si and atomic number 14.
Silver
Silver is a chemical element; it has symbol Ag (derived from Proto-Indo-European ''*h₂erǵ'')) and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it exhibits the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and reflectivity of any metal. The metal is found in the Earth's crust in the pure, free elemental form ("native silver"), as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite.
Speed of light
The speed of light in vacuum, commonly denoted, is a universal physical constant that is exactly equal to). According to the special theory of relativity, is the upper limit for the speed at which conventional matter or energy (and thus any signal carrying information) can travel through space.
See Dalton (unit) and Speed of light
Standard atomic weight
The standard atomic weight of a chemical element (symbol Ar°(E) for element "E") is the weighted arithmetic mean of the relative isotopic masses of all isotopes of that element weighted by each isotope's abundance on Earth.
See Dalton (unit) and Standard atomic weight
Titin
Titin (contraction for Titan protein) (also called connectin) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TTN gene.
Uncertainty
Uncertainty or incertitude refers to epistemic situations involving imperfect or unknown information.
See Dalton (unit) and Uncertainty
Unit cell
In geometry, biology, mineralogy and solid state physics, a unit cell is a repeating unit formed by the vectors spanning the points of a lattice.
See Dalton (unit) and Unit cell
Water
Water is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula.
Wilhelm Ostwald
Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald (4 April 1932) was a Baltic German chemist and philosopher.
See Dalton (unit) and Wilhelm Ostwald
2019 redefinition of the SI base units
In 2019, four of the seven SI base units specified in the International System of Quantities were redefined in terms of natural physical constants, rather than human artifacts such as the standard kilogram.
See Dalton (unit) and 2019 redefinition of the SI base units
See also
Units of chemical measurement
- DKH
- Dalton (unit)
- Dextrose equivalent
- Electrochemical equivalent
- Electronvolt
- Gram per cubic centimetre
- Joule per mole
- Katal
- Kilocalorie per mole
- Kilogram per cubic metre
- Log reduction
- Mole (unit)
- Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry
References
Also known as Atomic Unit, Atomic mass constant, Atomic mass unit, Atomic mass unit (amu), Atomic mass units, Dalton unit, KDa, Kdal, Kilo Daltons, KiloDalton, KiloDaltons, MDa, Megadalton, Uamu, Unified Atomic Mass Unit, Unified mass unit.