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79 relations: Acute toxicity, Amoeba, Animal, Aquarium fish feed, Arthropod, Asexual reproduction, Élie Metchnikoff, Bacteria, Benthic zone, Brackish water, Branchiopoda, Carapace, Cecum, Cestoda, Chitin, Chronic toxicity, Chytridiomycota, Cladocera, Commensalism, Consumer-resource systems, Crustacean, Daphnia, Daphnia pulex, Daphniidae, De-extinction, Decapod anatomy, Detritus, Diel vertical migration, EC50, Ecological study, Ecophysiology, Ecosystem, Ecotoxicology, Einar Naumann, Embryogenesis, Ephippia, Evolution of sexual reproduction, Evolutionary biology, Fresh water, Glassworm, Hamiltosporidium, Holarctic, Host (biology), Host–parasite coevolution, Invertebrate, Kairomone, Keystone species, Lake ecosystem, Macrophage, Microbiota, ..., Microorganism, Microscope, Microsporidia, Model organism, Nematode, Nobel Prize, Northern Hemisphere, Notonecta, OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Ordospora colligata, Parasitism, Parthenogenesis, Pasteuria ramosa, Pathogen, Pelagic zone, Periphyton, Phenotypic plasticity, Phototaxis, Plankton, Population genetics, Predation, Sediment, Standard (metrology), Strain (biology), Symbiosis, Tide pool, Triops, Vernal pool, Water column. Expand index (29 more) »
Acute toxicity
Acute toxicity describes the adverse effects of a substance that result either from a single exposure or from multiple exposures in a short period of time (usually less than 24 hours).
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Amoeba
An amoeba (rarely spelled amœba, US English spelled ameba; plural am(o)ebas or am(o)ebae), often called amoeboid, is a type of cell or organism which has the ability to alter its shape, primarily by extending and retracting pseudopods.
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Animal
Animals are multicellular eukaryotic organisms that form the biological kingdom Animalia.
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Aquarium fish feed
Aquarium fish feed is plant or animal material intended for consumption by pet fish kept in aquariums or ponds.
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Arthropod
An arthropod (from Greek ἄρθρον arthron, "joint" and πούς pous, "foot") is an invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton (external skeleton), a segmented body, and paired jointed appendages.
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Asexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single organism, and inherit the genes of that parent only; it does not involve the fusion of gametes, and almost never changes the number of chromosomes.
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Élie Metchnikoff
Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov (Илья́ Ильи́ч Ме́чников, also written as Élie Metchnikoff; 15 July 1916) was a Russian zoologist best known for his pioneering research in immunology.
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Bacteria
Bacteria (common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) is a type of biological cell.
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Benthic zone
The benthic zone is the ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water such as an ocean or a lake, including the sediment surface and some sub-surface layers.
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Brackish water
Brackish water is water that has more salinity than fresh water, but not as much as seawater.
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Branchiopoda
Branchiopoda is a class of crustaceans.
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Carapace
A carapace is a dorsal (upper) section of the exoskeleton or shell in a number of animal groups, including arthropods, such as crustaceans and arachnids, as well as vertebrates, such as turtles and tortoises.
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Cecum
The cecum or caecum (plural ceca; from the Latin caecus meaning blind) is an intraperitoneal pouch that is considered to be the beginning of the large intestine.
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Cestoda
Cestoda is a class of parasitic worms in the flatworm (Platyhelminthes) phylum, commonly known as tapeworms.
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Chitin
Chitin (C8H13O5N)n, a long-chain polymer of ''N''-acetylglucosamine, is a derivative of glucose.
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Chronic toxicity
Chronic toxicity, the development of adverse effects as a result of long term exposure to a contaminant or other stressor, is an important aspect of aquatic toxicology.
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Chytridiomycota
Chytridiomycota is a division of zoosporic organisms in the kingdom Fungi, informally known as chytrids.
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Cladocera
The Cladocera are an order of small crustaceans commonly called water fleas.
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Commensalism
Commensalism is a long term biological interaction (symbiosis) in which members of one species gain benefits while those of the other species are neither benefited nor harmed.
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Consumer-resource systems
Consumer-resource interactions are the core motif of ecological food chains or food webs, and are an umbrella term for a variety of more specialized types of biological species interactions including prey-predator (see predation), host-parasite (see parasitism), plant-herbivore and victim-exploiter systems.
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Crustacean
Crustaceans (Crustacea) form a large, diverse arthropod taxon which includes such familiar animals as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, krill, woodlice, and barnacles.
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Daphnia
Daphnia, a genus of small planktonic crustaceans, are in length.
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Daphnia pulex
Daphnia pulex is the most common species of water flea.
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Daphniidae
Daphniidae is a family of water fleas in the sub-order Anomopoda.
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De-extinction
De-extinction, or resurrection biology, or species revivalism is the process of creating an organism, which is either a member of, or resembles an extinct species, or breeding population of such organisms.
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Decapod anatomy
The decapod crustacean, such as a crab, lobster, shrimp or prawn, is made up of 20 body segments grouped into two main body parts, the cephalothorax and the pleon (abdomen).
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Detritus
In biology, detritus is dead particulate organic material (as opposed to dissolved organic material).
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Diel vertical migration
Diel vertical migration (DVM), also known as diurnal vertical migration, is a pattern of movement used by some organisms, such as copepods, living in the ocean and in lakes.
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EC50
Half maximal effective concentration (EC50) refers to the concentration of a drug, antibody or toxicant which induces a response halfway between the baseline and maximum after a specified exposure time.
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Ecological study
Ecological studies are studies of risk-modifying factors on health or other outcomes based on populations defined either geographically or temporally.
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Ecophysiology
Ecophysiology (from Greek οἶκος, oikos, "house(hold)"; φύσις, physis, "nature, origin"; and -λογία, -logia), environmental physiology or physiological ecology is a biological discipline that studies the adaptation of an organism's physiology to environmental conditions.
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Ecosystem
An ecosystem is a community made up of living organisms and nonliving components such as air, water, and mineral soil.
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Ecotoxicology
Ecotoxicology is the study of the effects of toxic chemicals on biological organisms, especially at the population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere levels.
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Einar Naumann
Einar Christian Leonard Naumann (13 August 1891 – 22 September 1934) was a Swedish botanist and limnologist who was professor of limnology at the University of Lund.
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Embryogenesis
Embryogenesis is the process by which the embryo forms and develops.
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Ephippia
Ephippia (singular: ephippium) are winter or dry-season eggs of the various species of small crustacean in the order Cladocera (within the Branchiopoda) are provided with an extra shell layer.
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Evolution of sexual reproduction
The evolution of sexual reproduction describes how sexually reproducing animals, plants, fungi and protists evolved from a common ancestor that was a single celled eukaryotic species.
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Evolutionary biology
Evolutionary biology is the subfield of biology that studies the evolutionary processes that produced the diversity of life on Earth, starting from a single common ancestor.
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Fresh water
Fresh water (or freshwater) is any naturally occurring water except seawater and brackish water.
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Glassworm
A glassworm is a type of larva of a midge genus called Chaoborus.
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Hamiltosporidium
Hamiltosporidium is a genus of Microsporidia, which are intracellular and unicellular parasites.
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Holarctic
The Holarctic is the name for the biogeographic realm that encompasses the majority of habitats found throughout the northern continents of the world, combining Wallace's Palearctic zoogeographical region, consisting of North Africa and all of Eurasia (with the exception of the southern Arabian Peninsula, Southeast Asia, and the Indian subcontinent), and the Nearctic zoogeographical region, consisting of North America, north of Mexico.
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Host (biology)
In biology and medicine, a host is an organism that harbours a parasitic, a mutualistic, or a commensalist guest (symbiont), the guest typically being provided with nourishment and shelter.
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Host–parasite coevolution
Host–parasite coevolution is a special case of coevolution, the reciprocal adaptive genetic change of a host and a parasite through reciprocal selective pressures.
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Invertebrate
Invertebrates are animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a backbone or spine), derived from the notochord.
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Kairomone
A kairomone (a coinage using the Greek καιρός opportune moment, paralleling pheromone "kairomone, n.". OED Online. September 2012. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/241005?redirectedFrom.
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Keystone species
A keystone species is a species that has a disproportionately large effect on its environment relative to its abundance.
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Lake ecosystem
A lake ecosystem includes biotic (living) plants, animals and micro-organisms, as well as abiotic (nonliving) physical and chemical interactions.
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Macrophage
Macrophages (big eaters, from Greek μακρός (makrós).
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Microbiota
A microbiota is an "ecological community of commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms" found in and on all multicellular organisms studied to date from plants to animals.
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Microorganism
A microorganism, or microbe, is a microscopic organism, which may exist in its single-celled form or in a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from 6th century BC India and the 1st century BC book On Agriculture by Marcus Terentius Varro. Microbiology, the scientific study of microorganisms, began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. In the 1850s, Louis Pasteur found that microorganisms caused food spoilage, debunking the theory of spontaneous generation. In the 1880s Robert Koch discovered that microorganisms caused the diseases tuberculosis, cholera and anthrax. Microorganisms include all unicellular organisms and so are extremely diverse. Of the three domains of life identified by Carl Woese, all of the Archaea and Bacteria are microorganisms. These were previously grouped together in the two domain system as Prokaryotes, the other being the eukaryotes. The third domain Eukaryota includes all multicellular organisms and many unicellular protists and protozoans. Some protists are related to animals and some to green plants. Many of the multicellular organisms are microscopic, namely micro-animals, some fungi and some algae, but these are not discussed here. They live in almost every habitat from the poles to the equator, deserts, geysers, rocks and the deep sea. Some are adapted to extremes such as very hot or very cold conditions, others to high pressure and a few such as Deinococcus radiodurans to high radiation environments. Microorganisms also make up the microbiota found in and on all multicellular organisms. A December 2017 report stated that 3.45 billion year old Australian rocks once contained microorganisms, the earliest direct evidence of life on Earth. Microbes are important in human culture and health in many ways, serving to ferment foods, treat sewage, produce fuel, enzymes and other bioactive compounds. They are essential tools in biology as model organisms and have been put to use in biological warfare and bioterrorism. They are a vital component of fertile soils. In the human body microorganisms make up the human microbiota including the essential gut flora. They are the pathogens responsible for many infectious diseases and as such are the target of hygiene measures.
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Microscope
A microscope (from the μικρός, mikrós, "small" and σκοπεῖν, skopeîn, "to look" or "see") is an instrument used to see objects that are too small to be seen by the naked eye.
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Microsporidia
Microsporidia are a group of spore-forming unicellular parasites.
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Model organism
A model organism is a non-human species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made in the organism model will provide insight into the workings of other organisms.
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Nematode
The nematodes or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda (also called Nemathelminthes).
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Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prize (Swedish definite form, singular: Nobelpriset; Nobelprisen) is a set of six annual international awards bestowed in several categories by Swedish and Norwegian institutions in recognition of academic, cultural, or scientific advances.
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Northern Hemisphere
The Northern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is north of the Equator.
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Notonecta
Notonecta, or the common backswimmer, is a genus of backswimmer insects in the family Notonectidae.
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OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals
OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals are a set of internationally accepted specifications for the testing of chemicals decided on by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
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Ordospora colligata
Ordospora colligata is an intracellular parasite belonging to the Microsporidia.
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Parasitism
In evolutionary biology, parasitism is a relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or in another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life.
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Parthenogenesis
Parthenogenesis (from the Greek label + label) is a natural form of asexual reproduction in which growth and development of embryos occur without fertilization.
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Pasteuria ramosa
Pasteuria ramosa is a gram-positive, endospore-forming bacterium in the Bacillus/Clostridia clade within Firmicutes.
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Pathogen
In biology, a pathogen (πάθος pathos "suffering, passion" and -γενής -genēs "producer of") or a '''germ''' in the oldest and broadest sense is anything that can produce disease; the term came into use in the 1880s.
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Pelagic zone
The pelagic zone consists of the water column of the open ocean, and can be further divided into regions by depth.
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Periphyton
Periphyton is a complex mixture of algae, cyanobacteria, heterotrophic microbes, and detritus that is attached to submerged surfaces in most aquatic ecosystems.
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Phenotypic plasticity
Phenotypic plasticity refers to some of the changes in an organism's behavior, morphology and physiology in response to a unique environment.
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Phototaxis
Phototaxis is a kind of taxis, or locomotory movement, that occurs when a whole organism moves towards or away from stimulus of light.
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Plankton
Plankton (singular plankter) are the diverse collection of organisms that live in large bodies of water and are unable to swim against a current.
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Population genetics
Population genetics is a subfield of genetics that deals with genetic differences within and between populations, and is a part of evolutionary biology.
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Predation
Predation is a biological interaction where a predator (a hunting animal) kills and eats its prey (the organism that is attacked).
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Sediment
Sediment is a naturally occurring material that is broken down by processes of weathering and erosion, and is subsequently transported by the action of wind, water, or ice, and/or by the force of gravity acting on the particles.
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Standard (metrology)
In metrology (the science of measurement), a standard (or etalon) is an object, system, or experiment that bears a defined relationship to a unit of measurement of a physical quantity.
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Strain (biology)
In biology, a strain is a low-level taxonomic rank used at the intraspecific level (within a species).
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Symbiosis
Symbiosis (from Greek συμβίωσις "living together", from σύν "together" and βίωσις "living") is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic.
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Tide pool
Tide pools or rock pools are shallow pools of seawater that form on the rocky intertidal shore.
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Triops
Triops is a genus of small crustaceans in the order Notostraca (tadpole shrimp).
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Vernal pool
Vernal pools, also called vernal ponds or ephemeral pools, are temporary pools of water that provide habitat for distinctive plants and animals.
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Water column
A water column is a conceptual column of water from the surface of a sea, river or lake to the bottom sediment.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daphnia_magna
