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Data (computing)

Index Data (computing)

Data (treated as singular, plural, or as a mass noun) is any sequence of one or more symbols given meaning by specific act(s) of interpretation. [1]

123 relations: Abstraction layer, Algorithm, American English, Analog signal, Analog-to-digital converter, Antivirus software, Apache Hadoop, Assembly language, Attribute–value pair, Australian English, B-tree, Big data, Binary file, Binary number, Binary search algorithm, Bit, Block (data storage), Bus (computing), Byte, Central processing unit, Class (computer programming), Client–server model, Collation, Compiler, Computer, Computer data storage, Computer memory, Computer network, Computer program, Control break, CPU cache, Data, Data at rest, Data dictionary, Data file, Data in transit, Data in use, Data modeling, Data segment, Data set, Data storage, Data stream, Data structure, Data transmission, Data type, Database, Database index, Database transaction, Debugger, Digital data, ..., Document file format, Exabyte, Executable, Execution (computing), File format, File system, Flash memory, Floating-point arithmetic, Foreign key, Fragmentation (computing), Garbage collection (computer science), Gigabyte, Graph (abstract data type), Hash function, Hash table, Hexadecimal, Hiberno-English, Hierarchy, Human-readable medium, Indirection, Information, Information processor, Instruction set architecture, Interpreter (computing), Library (computing), Linker (computing), Machine code, Magnetic tape data storage, Mass noun, Memory address, Memory management unit, Metadata, Metaprogramming, New Zealand English, Non-volatile memory, Object (computer science), Object-oriented software engineering, Offset (computer science), Operating system, Parallel communication, Partition type, Peripheral, Plain text, Processor register, Programming language, Quantity, Random-access memory, Record (computer science), Recursive data type, Relational database management system, Sensor, Serial communication, Serialization, Shift register, Software Updater, South African English, Spell checker, SQL, State (computer science), String (computer science), Table (database), Table (information), Text editor, Text file, Tuple, Two-phase commit protocol, Unique key, User (computing), Value (computer science), Virtualization, Von Neumann architecture, Word processor, XML. Expand index (73 more) »

Abstraction layer

In computing, an abstraction layer or abstraction level is a way of hiding the implementation details of a particular set of functionality, allowing the separation of concerns to facilitate interoperability and platform independence.

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Algorithm

In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm is an unambiguous specification of how to solve a class of problems.

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American English

American English (AmE, AE, AmEng, USEng, en-US), sometimes called United States English or U.S. English, is the set of varieties of the English language native to the United States.

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Analog signal

An analog signal is any continuous signal for which the time varying feature (variable) of the signal is a representation of some other time varying quantity, i.e., analogous to another time varying signal.

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Analog-to-digital converter

In electronics, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC, A/D, or A-to-D) is a system that converts an analog signal, such as a sound picked up by a microphone or light entering a digital camera, into a digital signal.

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Antivirus software

Antivirus software, or anti-virus software (abbreviated to AV software), also known as anti-malware, is a computer program used to prevent, detect, and remove malware.

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Apache Hadoop

Apache Hadoop is a collection of open-source software utilities that facilitate using a network of many computers to solve problems involving massive amounts of data and computation.

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Assembly language

An assembly (or assembler) language, often abbreviated asm, is a low-level programming language, in which there is a very strong (but often not one-to-one) correspondence between the assembly program statements and the architecture's machine code instructions.

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Attribute–value pair

A name–value pair, key–value pair, field–value pair or attribute–value pair is a fundamental data representation in computing systems and applications.

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Australian English

Australian English (AuE, en-AU) is a major variety of the English language, used throughout Australia.

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B-tree

In computer science, a B-tree is a self-balancing tree data structure that keeps data sorted and allows searches, sequential access, insertions, and deletions in logarithmic time.

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Big data

Big data is data sets that are so big and complex that traditional data-processing application software are inadequate to deal with them.

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Binary file

A binary file is a computer file that is not a text file.

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Binary number

In mathematics and digital electronics, a binary number is a number expressed in the base-2 numeral system or binary numeral system, which uses only two symbols: typically 0 (zero) and 1 (one).

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Binary search algorithm

In computer science, binary search, also known as half-interval search,logarithmic search, or binary chop, is a search algorithm that finds the position of a target value within a sorted array.

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Bit

The bit (a portmanteau of binary digit) is a basic unit of information used in computing and digital communications.

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Block (data storage)

In computing (specifically data transmission and data storage), a block, sometimes called a physical record, is a sequence of bytes or bits, usually containing some whole number of records, having a maximum length, a block size.

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Bus (computing)

In computer architecture, a bus (a contraction of the Latin omnibus) is a communication system that transfers data between components inside a computer, or between computers.

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Byte

The byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits, representing a binary number.

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Central processing unit

A central processing unit (CPU) is the electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logical, control and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions.

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Class (computer programming)

In object-oriented programming, a class is an extensible program-code-template for creating objects, providing initial values for state (member variables) and implementations of behavior (member functions or methods).

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Client–server model

The client–server model is a distributed application structure that partitions tasks or workloads between the providers of a resource or service, called servers, and service requesters, called clients.

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Collation

Collation is the assembly of written information into a standard order.

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Compiler

A compiler is computer software that transforms computer code written in one programming language (the source language) into another programming language (the target language).

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Computer

A computer is a device that can be instructed to carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations automatically via computer programming.

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Computer data storage

Computer data storage, often called storage or memory, is a technology consisting of computer components and recording media that are used to retain digital data.

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Computer memory

In computing, memory refers to the computer hardware integrated circuits that store information for immediate use in a computer; it is synonymous with the term "primary storage".

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Computer network

A computer network, or data network, is a digital telecommunications network which allows nodes to share resources.

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Computer program

A computer program is a collection of instructions for performing a specific task that is designed to solve a specific class of problems.

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Control break

In computer programming a control break is a change in the value of one of the keys on which a file is sorted which requires some extra processing.

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CPU cache

A CPU cache is a hardware cache used by the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer to reduce the average cost (time or energy) to access data from the main memory.

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Data

Data is a set of values of qualitative or quantitative variables.

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Data at rest

Data at rest in information technology means inactive data that is stored physically in any digital form (e.g. databases, data warehouses, spreadsheets, archives, tapes, off-site backups, mobile devices etc.). Data at rest is used as a complement to the terms data in use and data in transit which together define the three states of digital data (see Figure 1).

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Data dictionary

A data dictionary, or metadata repository, as defined in the IBM Dictionary of Computing, is a "centralized repository of information about data such as meaning, relationships to other data, origin, usage, and format".

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Data file

A Data file is a computer file which stores data to be used by a computer application or system.

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Data in transit

Data in transit is defined into two categories, information that flows over the public or untrusted network such as the internet and data which flows in the confines of a private network such as a corporate or enterprise Local Area Network (LAN).

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Data in use

Data in use is an information technology term referring to active data which is stored in a non-persistent digital state typically in computer random-access memory (RAM), CPU caches, or CPU registers.

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Data modeling

Data modeling in software engineering is the process of creating a data model for an information system by applying certain formal techniques.

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Data segment

In computing, a data segment (often denoted.data) is a portion of an object file or the corresponding virtual address space of a program that contains initialized static variables, that is, global variables and static local variables.

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Data set

A data set (or dataset) is a collection of data.

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Data storage

Data storage is the recording (storing) of information (data) in a storage medium.

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Data stream

In connection-oriented communication, a data stream is a sequence of digitally encoded coherent signals (packets of data or data packets) used to transmit or receive information that is in the process of being transmitted.

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Data structure

In computer science, a data structure is a data organization and storage format that enables efficient access and modification.

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Data transmission

Data transmission (also data communication or digital communications) is the transfer of data (a digital bitstream or a digitized analog signal) over a point-to-point or point-to-multipoint communication channel.

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Data type

In computer science and computer programming, a data type or simply type is a classification of data which tells the compiler or interpreter how the programmer intends to use the data.

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Database

A database is an organized collection of data, stored and accessed electronically.

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Database index

A database index is a data structure that improves the speed of data retrieval operations on a database table at the cost of additional writes and storage space to maintain the index data structure.

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Database transaction

A transaction symbolizes a unit of work performed within a database management system (or similar system) against a database, and treated in a coherent and reliable way independent of other transactions.

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Debugger

A debugger or debugging tool is a computer program that is used to test and debug other programs (the "target" program).

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Digital data

Digital data, in information theory and information systems, is the discrete, discontinuous representation of information or works.

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Document file format

A document file format is a text or binary file format for storing documents on a storage media, especially for use by computers.

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Exabyte

The exabyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information.

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Executable

In computing, executable code or an executable file or executable program, sometimes simply referred to as an executable or binary, causes a computer "to perform indicated tasks according to encoded instructions," as opposed to a data file that must be parsed by a program to be meaningful.

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Execution (computing)

Execution in computer and software engineering is the process by which a computer or a virtual machine performs the instructions of a computer program.

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File format

A file format is a standard way that information is encoded for storage in a computer file.

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File system

In computing, a file system or filesystem controls how data is stored and retrieved.

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Flash memory

Flash memory is an electronic (solid-state) non-volatile computer storage medium that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed.

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Floating-point arithmetic

In computing, floating-point arithmetic is arithmetic using formulaic representation of real numbers as an approximation so as to support a trade-off between range and precision.

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Foreign key

In the context of relational databases, a foreign key is a field (or collection of fields) in one table that uniquely identifies a row of another table or the same table.

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Fragmentation (computing)

In computer storage, fragmentation is a phenomenon in which storage space is used inefficiently, reducing capacity or performance and often both.

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Garbage collection (computer science)

In computer science, garbage collection (GC) is a form of automatic memory management.

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Gigabyte

The gigabyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information.

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Graph (abstract data type)

In computer science, a graph is an abstract data type that is meant to implement the undirected graph and directed graph concepts from mathematics, specifically the field of graph theory.

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Hash function

A hash function is any function that can be used to map data of arbitrary size to data of a fixed size.

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Hash table

In computing, a hash table (hash map) is a data structure that implements an associative array abstract data type, a structure that can map keys to values.

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Hexadecimal

In mathematics and computing, hexadecimal (also base, or hex) is a positional numeral system with a radix, or base, of 16.

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Hiberno-English

Hiberno‐English (from Latin Hibernia: "Ireland") or Irish English is the set of English dialects natively written and spoken within the island of Ireland (including both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland).

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Hierarchy

A hierarchy (from the Greek hierarchia, "rule of a high priest", from hierarkhes, "leader of sacred rites") is an arrangement of items (objects, names, values, categories, etc.) in which the items are represented as being "above", "below", or "at the same level as" one another A hierarchy can link entities either directly or indirectly, and either vertically or diagonally.

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Human-readable medium

A human-readable medium or human-readable format is a representation of data or information that can be naturally read by humans.

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Indirection

In computer programming, indirection (also called "dereferencing") is the ability to reference something using a name, reference, or container instead of the value itself.

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Information

Information is any entity or form that provides the answer to a question of some kind or resolves uncertainty.

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Information processor

An information processor or information processing system, as its name suggests, is a system (be it electrical, mechanical or biological) which takes information (a sequence of enumerated symbols or states) in one form and processes (transforms) it into another form, e.g. to statistics, by an algorithmic process.

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Instruction set architecture

An instruction set architecture (ISA) is an abstract model of a computer.

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Interpreter (computing)

In computer science, an interpreter is a computer program that directly executes, i.e. performs, instructions written in a programming or scripting language, without requiring them previously to have been compiled into a machine language program.

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Library (computing)

In computer science, a library is a collection of non-volatile resources used by computer programs, often for software development.

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Linker (computing)

In computing, a linker or link editor is a computer utility program that takes one or more object files generated by a compiler and combines them into a single executable file, library file, or another 'object' file.

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Machine code

Machine code is a computer program written in machine language instructions that can be executed directly by a computer's central processing unit (CPU).

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Magnetic tape data storage

Magnetic tape data storage is a system for storing digital information on magnetic tape using digital recording.

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Mass noun

In linguistics, a mass noun, uncountable noun, or non-count noun is a noun with the syntactic property that any quantity of it is treated as an undifferentiated unit, rather than as something with discrete subsets.

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Memory address

In computing, a memory address is a reference to a specific memory location used at various levels by software and hardware.

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Memory management unit

A memory management unit (MMU), sometimes called paged memory management unit (PMMU), is a computer hardware unit having all memory references passed through itself, primarily performing the translation of virtual memory addresses to physical addresses.

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Metadata

Metadata is "data that provides information about other data".

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Metaprogramming

Metaprogramming is a programming technique in which computer programs have the ability to treat programs as their data.

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New Zealand English

New Zealand English (NZE) is the variant of the English language spoken by most English-speaking New Zealanders.

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Non-volatile memory

Non-volatile memory (NVM) or non-volatile storage is a type of computer memory that can retrieve stored information even after having been power cycled.

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Object (computer science)

In computer science, an object can be a variable, a data structure, a function, or a method, and as such, is a value in memory referenced by an identifier.

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Object-oriented software engineering

Object-oriented software engineering (commonly known by acronym OOSE) is an object-modeling language and methodology.

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Offset (computer science)

In computer science, an offset within an array or other data structure object is an integer indicating the distance (displacement) between the beginning of the object and a given element or point, presumably within the same object.

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Operating system

An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs.

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Parallel communication

In data transmission, parallel communication is a method of conveying multiple binary digits (bits) simultaneously.

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Partition type

The partition type (or partition ID) in a partition's entry in the partition table inside a master boot record (MBR) is a byte value intended to specify the file system the partition contains and/or to flag special access methods used to access these partitions (f.e. special CHS mappings, LBA access, logical mapped geometries, special driver access, hidden partitions, secured or encrypted file systems, etc.).

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Peripheral

A peripheral device is "an ancillary device used to put information into and get information out of the computer." Three categories of peripheral devices exist based on their relationship with the computer.

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Plain text

In computing, plain text is the data (e.g. file contents) that represent only characters of readable material but not its graphical representation nor other objects (images, etc.). It may also include a limited number of characters that control simple arrangement of text, such as line breaks or tabulation characters.

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Processor register

In computer architecture, a processor register is a quickly accessible location available to a computer's central processing unit (CPU).

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Programming language

A programming language is a formal language that specifies a set of instructions that can be used to produce various kinds of output.

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Quantity

Quantity is a property that can exist as a multitude or magnitude.

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Random-access memory

Random-access memory (RAM) is a form of computer data storage that stores data and machine code currently being used.

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Record (computer science)

In computer science, a record (also called a structure, struct, or compound data) is a basic data structure.

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Recursive data type

In computer programming languages, a recursive data type (also known as a recursively-defined, inductively-defined or inductive data type) is a data type for values that may contain other values of the same type.

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Relational database management system

A relational database management system (RDBMS) is a database management system (DBMS) based on the relational model invented by Edgar F. Codd at IBM's San Jose Research Laboratory.

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Sensor

In the broadest definition, a sensor is a device, module, or subsystem whose purpose is to detect events or changes in its environment and send the information to other electronics, frequently a computer processor.

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Serial communication

In telecommunication and data transmission, serial communication is the process of sending data one bit at a time, sequentially, over a communication channel or computer bus.

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Serialization

In computer science, in the context of data storage, serialization is the process of translating data structures or object state into a format that can be stored (for example, in a file or memory buffer) or transmitted (for example, across a network connection link) and reconstructed later (possibly in a different computer environment).

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Shift register

In digital circuits, a shift register is a cascade of flip flops, sharing the same clock, in which the output of each flip-flop is connected to the 'data' input of the next flip-flop in the chain, resulting in a circuit that shifts by one position the 'bit array' stored in it, 'shifting in' the data present at its input and 'shifting out' the last bit in the array, at each transition of the clock input.

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Software Updater

In several Linux operating systems, the Software Updater (previously known as Update Manager) program updates installed software and their associated packages with important software updates for security or with recommended patches.

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South African English

South African English (SAfrE, SAfrEng, SAE, en-ZA) is the set of English dialects native to South Africans.

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Spell checker

In computing, a spell checker (or spell check) is an application program that flags words in a document that may not be spelled correctly.

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SQL

SQL (S-Q-L, "sequel"; Structured Query Language) is a domain-specific language used in programming and designed for managing data held in a relational database management system (RDBMS), or for stream processing in a relational data stream management system (RDSMS).

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State (computer science)

In information technology and computer science, a program is described as stateful if it is designed to remember preceding events or user interactions; the remembered information is called the state of the system.

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String (computer science)

In computer programming, a string is traditionally a sequence of characters, either as a literal constant or as some kind of variable.

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Table (database)

A table is a collection of related data held in a structured format within a database.

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Table (information)

A table is an arrangement of data in rows and columns, or possibly in a more complex structure.

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Text editor

A text editor is a type of computer program that edits plain text.

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Text file

A text file (sometimes spelled "textfile"; an old alternative name is "flatfile") is a kind of computer file that is structured as a sequence of lines of electronic text.

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Tuple

In mathematics, a tuple is a finite ordered list (sequence) of elements.

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Two-phase commit protocol

In transaction processing, databases, and computer networking, the two-phase commit protocol (2PC) is a type of atomic commitment protocol (ACP).

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Unique key

In database relational modeling and implementation, a unique key (also known as a candidate key) of a relation is a minimal superkey for that relation; that is, a set of attributes such that.

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User (computing)

A user is a person who utilizes a computer or network service.

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Value (computer science)

In computer science, a value is the representation of some entity that can be manipulated by a program.

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Virtualization

In computing, virtualization refers to the act of creating a virtual (rather than actual) version of something, including virtual computer hardware platforms, storage devices, and computer network resources.

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Von Neumann architecture

The von Neumann architecture, which is also known as the von Neumann model and Princeton architecture, is a computer architecture based on the 1945 description by the mathematician and physicist John von Neumann and others in the First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC.

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Word processor

A word processor is a computer program or device that provides for input, editing, formatting and output of text, often plus other features.

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XML

In computing, Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_(computing)

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