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136 relations: Abies alba, Abiotic component, Abyssal zone, Afrotropical realm, Agricultural land, Agriculture, Antarctic realm, Anthropogenic biome, Arctic, Arid, Arthur Tansley, Australasian realm, Aziz Ab'Sáber, Benthic zone, Biocoenosis, Biodiversity, Biogeographic realm, Biogeography, Biomics, Biosphere, Biotope, Bivalvia, Central Indo-Pacific, Chaparral, Climate, Climate classification, Cline (biology), Cold seep, Continental climate, Continental shelf, Coral, Coral reef, David Goodall (botanist), Deciduous, Deep sea, Desert, Deserts and xeric shrublands, Dinaric Mountains mixed forests, Drift ice, Ecoregion, Ecosystem, Ecotope, Encyclopedia of Earth, Endolith, Endorheic basin, Evapotranspiration, Flooded grasslands and savannas, Flora, Forestry, Frederic Clements, ..., Fresh water, Global 200, Grassland, Habitat, Hadal zone, Heinrich Walter, Human microbiota, Human settlement, Humid continental climate, Humid subtropical climate, Hydrothermal vent, Ice cap climate, Indomalayan realm, International Biological Program, Intertidal zone, Island, Karl Möbius, Kelp forest, Lake, Land use, Life zone, List of biogeographic provinces, Littoral zone, Logistic regression, Longhurst code, Mangrove, Mediterranean climate, Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub, Mediterranean Sea, Montane grasslands and shrublands, Natural environment, Nearctic realm, Nekton, Nemoral, Neotropical realm, Neritic zone, Oceanian realm, Oceanic climate, Orjen, Palearctic realm, Pelagic zone, Physiognomy, Phytochorion, Pinophyta, Plant community, Polar climate, Porosity, Rain, Rangeland, River delta, Robert Bailey (geographer), Robert Whittaker, Savanna, Sclerophyll, Sea, Seasonal tropical forest, Southern Ocean, Subarctic climate, Subtropics, Sunlight, Taiga, Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest, Temperate climate, Temperate coniferous forest, Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands, Temperate Northern Pacific, Thallophyte, The New York Times, Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests, Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests, Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands, Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, Tropical Atlantic, Tropical Eastern Pacific, Tropical rainforest, Tropics, Tundra, Upland and lowland, Upwelling, Urbanization, Vegetation, Vegetation type, Western Indo-Pacific, Wetland, Woodland, World Wide Fund for Nature. Expand index (86 more) »
Abies alba
Abies alba, the European silver fir or silver fir, is a fir native to the mountains of Europe, from the Pyrenees north to Normandy, east to the Alps and the Carpathians, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia and south to Italy, Bulgaria and northern Greece.
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Abiotic component
In biology and ecology, abiotic components or abiotic factors are non-living chemical and physical parts of the environment that affect living organisms and the functioning of ecosystems.
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Abyssal zone
The abyssal zone or abyssopelagic zone is a layer of the pelagic zone of the ocean.
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Afrotropical realm
The Afrotropical realm is one of the Earth's eight biogeographic realms.
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Agricultural land
Agricultural land is typically land devoted to agriculture, the systematic and controlled use of other forms of lifeparticularly the rearing of livestock and production of cropsto produce food for humans.
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Agriculture
Agriculture is the cultivation of land and breeding of animals and plants to provide food, fiber, medicinal plants and other products to sustain and enhance life.
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Antarctic realm
The Antarctical realm is one of eight terrestrial biogeographic realms.
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Anthropogenic biome
Anthropogenic biomes, also known as anthromes or human biomes, describe the terrestrial biosphere in its contemporary, human-altered form using global ecosystem units defined by global patterns of sustained direct human interaction with ecosystems.
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Arctic
The Arctic is a polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth.
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Arid
A region is arid when it is characterized by a severe lack of available water, to the extent of hindering or preventing the growth and development of plant and animal life.
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Arthur Tansley
Sir Arthur George Tansley FLS, FRS (15 August 1871 – 25 November 1955) was an English botanist and a pioneer in the science of ecology.
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Australasian realm
The Australasian realm is a biogeographic realm that is coincident, but not synonymous (by some definitions), with the geographical region of Australasia.
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Aziz Ab'Sáber
Aziz Nacib Ab'Sáber (October 24, 1924 – March 16, 2012) was an environmentalist and one of Brazil´s most respected scientists, honored with the highest awards of Brazilian science in geography, geology, ecology and archaeology.
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Benthic zone
The benthic zone is the ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water such as an ocean or a lake, including the sediment surface and some sub-surface layers.
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Biocoenosis
A biocenosis (UK English, biocoenosis, also biocenose, biocoenose, biotic community, biological community, ecological community, life assemblage) coined by Karl Möbius in 1877, describes the interacting organisms living together in a habitat (biotope).
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Biodiversity
Biodiversity, a portmanteau of biological (life) and diversity, generally refers to the variety and variability of life on Earth.
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Biogeographic realm
A biogeographic realm or ecozone is the broadest biogeographic division of the Earth's land surface, based on distributional patterns of terrestrial organisms.
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Biogeography
Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time.
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Biomics
Biomics is the biological study of biomes, and the processing of obtained information, such as ecological communities of plants, animals, and soil organisms.
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Biosphere
The biosphere (from Greek βίος bíos "life" and σφαῖρα sphaira "sphere") also known as the ecosphere (from Greek οἶκος oîkos "environment" and σφαῖρα), is the worldwide sum of all ecosystems.
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Biotope
A biotope is an area of uniform environmental conditions providing a living place for a specific assemblage of plants and animals.
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Bivalvia
Bivalvia, in previous centuries referred to as the Lamellibranchiata and Pelecypoda, is a class of marine and freshwater molluscs that have laterally compressed bodies enclosed by a shell consisting of two hinged parts.
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Central Indo-Pacific
The Central Indo-Pacific is a biogeographic region of the Earth's seas, comprising the tropical waters of the western Pacific Ocean, the eastern Indian Ocean, and the connecting seas.
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Chaparral
Chaparral is a shrubland or heathland plant community found primarily in the US state of California and in the northern portion of the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico.
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Climate
Climate is the statistics of weather over long periods of time.
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Climate classification
Climate classification systems are ways of classifying the world's climates.
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Cline (biology)
In biology, a cline (from the Greek “klinein”, meaning “to lean”) is a measurable gradient in a single character (or biological trait) of a species across its geographical range.
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Cold seep
A cold seep (sometimes called a cold vent) is an area of the ocean floor where hydrogen sulfide, methane and other hydrocarbon-rich fluid seepage occurs, often in the form of a brine pool.
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Continental climate
Continental climates are defined in the Köppen climate classification as having the coldest month with the temperature never rising above 0.0° C (32°F) all month long.
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Continental shelf
The continental shelf is an underwater landmass which extends from a continent, resulting in an area of relatively shallow water known as a shelf sea.
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Coral
Corals are marine invertebrates in the class Anthozoa of phylum Cnidaria.
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Coral reef
Coral reefs are diverse underwater ecosystems held together by calcium carbonate structures secreted by corals.
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David Goodall (botanist)
David William Goodall (4 April 1914 – 10 May 2018) was an English-born Australian botanist and ecologist.
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Deciduous
In the fields of horticulture and botany, the term deciduous (/dɪˈsɪdʒuəs/) means "falling off at maturity" and "tending to fall off", in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals, after flowering; and to the shedding of ripe fruit.
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Deep sea
The deep sea or deep layer is the lowest layer in the ocean, existing below the thermocline and above the seabed, at a depth of 1000 fathoms (1800 m) or more.
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Desert
A desert is a barren area of landscape where little precipitation occurs and consequently living conditions are hostile for plant and animal life.
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Deserts and xeric shrublands
Deserts and xeric shrublands are a biome characterized by receiving only a small amount of moisture, usually defined as less than 250 mm of annual precipitation.
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Dinaric Mountains mixed forests
The Dinaric Mountains mixed forests form a terrestrial ecoregion of the Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests Biome in Southeastern Europe, according to both the WWF and Digital Map of European Ecological Regions by the European Environment Agency.
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Drift ice
Drift ice is any sea ice other than fast ice, the latter being attached ("fastened") to the shoreline or other fixed objects (shoals, grounded icebergs, etc.).Leppäranta, M. 2011.
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Ecoregion
An ecoregion (ecological region) is an ecologically and geographically defined area that is smaller than a bioregion, which in turn is smaller than an ecozone.
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Ecosystem
An ecosystem is a community made up of living organisms and nonliving components such as air, water, and mineral soil.
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Ecotope
Ecotopes are the smallest ecologically distinct landscape features in a landscape mapping and classification system.
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Encyclopedia of Earth
The Encyclopedia of Earth (abbreviated EoE) is an electronic reference about the Earth, its natural environments, and their interaction with society.
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Endolith
An endolith is an organism (archaeon, bacterium, fungus, lichen, algae or amoeba) that lives inside rock, coral, animal shells, or in the pores between mineral grains of a rock.
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Endorheic basin
An endorheic basin (also endoreic basin or endorreic basin) (from the ἔνδον, éndon, "within" and ῥεῖν, rheîn, "to flow") is a limited drainage basin that normally retains water and allows no outflow to other external bodies of water, such as rivers or oceans, but converges instead into lakes or swamps, permanent or seasonal, that equilibrate through evaporation.
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Evapotranspiration
Evapotranspiration (ET) is the sum of evaporation and plant transpiration from the Earth's land and ocean surface to the atmosphere.
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Flooded grasslands and savannas
Flooded grasslands and savannas is a terrestrial biome of the WWF biogeographical system.
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Flora
Flora is the plant life occurring in a particular region or time, generally the naturally occurring or indigenous—native plant life.
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Forestry
Forestry is the science and craft of creating, managing, using, conserving, and repairing forests, woodlands, and associated resources to meet desired goals, needs, and values for human and environment benefits.
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Frederic Clements
Frederic Edward Clements (September 16, 1874 – July 26, 1945) was an American plant ecologist and pioneer in the study of vegetation succession.
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Fresh water
Fresh water (or freshwater) is any naturally occurring water except seawater and brackish water.
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Global 200
The Global 200 is the list of ecoregions identified by WWF, the global conservation organization, as priorities for conservation.
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Grassland
Grasslands are areas where the vegetation is dominated by grasses (Poaceae); however, sedge (Cyperaceae) and rush (Juncaceae) families can also be found along with variable proportions of legumes, like clover, and other herbs.
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Habitat
In ecology, a habitat is the type of natural environment in which a particular species of organism lives.
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Hadal zone
The hadal zone (named after the realm of Hades, the underworld in Greek mythology), also known as the hadopelagic zone, is the deepest region of the ocean lying within oceanic trenches.
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Heinrich Walter
Heinrich Karl Walter (21 October 1898 – 15 October 1989) was a German-Russian botanist and eco-physiologist.
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Human microbiota
The human microbiota is the aggregate of microorganisms that resides on or within any of a number of human tissues and biofluids, including the skin, mammary glands, placenta, seminal fluid, uterus, ovarian follicles, lung, saliva, oral mucosa, conjunctiva, biliary and gastrointestinal tracts.
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Human settlement
In geography, statistics and archaeology, a settlement, locality or populated place is a community in which people live.
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Humid continental climate
A humid continental climate (Köppen prefix D and a third letter of a or b) is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, which is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold in the northern areas) winters.
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Humid subtropical climate
A humid subtropical climate is a zone of climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and mild to cool winters.
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Hydrothermal vent
A hydrothermal vent is a fissure in a planet's surface from which geothermally heated water issues.
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Ice cap climate
An ice cap climate is a polar climate where the temperature never exceeds.
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Indomalayan realm
The Indomalayan realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms.
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International Biological Program
The International Biological Program (IBP) was an effort between 1964 and 1974 to coordinate large-scale ecological and environmental studies.
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Intertidal zone
The intertidal zone, also known as the foreshore and seashore and sometimes referred to as the littoral zone, is the area that is above water at low tide and under water at high tide (in other words, the area between tide marks).
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Island
An island or isle is any piece of sub-continental land that is surrounded by water.
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Karl Möbius
Karl August Möbius (7 February 1825 in Eilenburg – 26 April 1908 in Berlin) was a German zoologist who was a pioneer in the field of ecology and a former director of the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin.
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Kelp forest
Kelp forests are underwater areas with a high density of kelp.
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Lake
A lake is an area filled with water, localized in a basin, that is surrounded by land, apart from any river or other outlet that serves to feed or drain the lake.
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Land use
Land use involves the management and modification of natural environment or wilderness into built environment such as settlements and semi-natural habitats such as arable fields, pastures, and managed woods.
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Life zone
The life zone concept was developed by C. Hart Merriam in 1889 as a means of describing areas with similar plant and animal communities.
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List of biogeographic provinces
Biogeographic Province is a biotic subdivision of realms.
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Littoral zone
The littoral zone is the part of a sea, lake or river that is close to the shore.
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Logistic regression
In statistics, the logistic model (or logit model) is a statistical model that is usually taken to apply to a binary dependent variable.
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Longhurst code
Longhurst code refers to a set of geospatial four-letter geocodes for referencing geographic regions in oceanography.
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Mangrove
A mangrove is a shrub or small tree that grows in coastal saline or brackish water.
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Mediterranean climate
A Mediterranean climate or dry summer climate is characterized by rainy winters and dry summers.
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Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub are generally characterized by dry summers and rainy winters, although in some areas rainfall may be uniform.
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Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa and on the east by the Levant.
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Montane grasslands and shrublands
Montane grasslands and shrublands is a biome defined by the World Wildlife Fund.
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Natural environment
The natural environment encompasses all living and non-living things occurring naturally, meaning in this case not artificial.
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Nearctic realm
The Nearctic is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting the Earth's land surface.
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Nekton
Nekton or necton refers to the aggregate of actively swimming aquatic organisms in a body of water.
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Nemoral
Nemoral (pertaining to groves or woodland) biome zones according to the Walter classification system have a moderate temperate climate with short frost periods and are characterized by frost-resistant broadleaved deciduous forests.
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Neotropical realm
The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting the Earth's land surface.
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Neritic zone
The neritic zone is the relatively shallow part of the ocean above the drop-off of the continental shelf, approximately in depth.
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Oceanian realm
The Oceanian realm is one of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) biogeographic realms, and is unique in not including any continental land mass.
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Oceanic climate
An oceanic or highland climate, also known as a marine or maritime climate, is the Köppen classification of climate typical of west coasts in higher middle latitudes of continents, and generally features cool summers (relative to their latitude) and cool winters, with a relatively narrow annual temperature range and few extremes of temperature, with the exception for transitional areas to continental, subarctic and highland climates.
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Orjen
Orjen (Montenegrin Cyrillic: Орјен) is transboundary Dinaric Mediterranean limestone mountain range, that stretches cca 25 km between Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Palearctic realm
The Palearctic or Palaearctic is one of the eight biogeographic realms on the Earth's surface, first identified in the 19th century, and still in use today as the basis for zoogeographic classification.
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Pelagic zone
The pelagic zone consists of the water column of the open ocean, and can be further divided into regions by depth.
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Physiognomy
Physiognomy (from the Greek φύσις physis meaning "nature" and gnomon meaning "judge" or "interpreter") is the assessment of character or personality from a person's outer appearance, especially the face often linked to racial and sexual stereotyping.
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Phytochorion
A phytochorion, in phytogeography, is a geographic area with a relatively uniform composition of plant species.
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Pinophyta
The Pinophyta, also known as Coniferophyta or Coniferae, or commonly as conifers, are a division of vascular land plants containing a single extant class, Pinopsida.
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Plant community
A plant community (sometimes "phytocoenosis" or "phytocenosis") is a collection or association of plant species within a designated geographical unit, which forms a relatively uniform patch, distinguishable from neighboring patches of different vegetation types.
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Polar climate
The polar climate regions are characterized by a lack of warm summers.
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Porosity
Porosity or void fraction is a measure of the void (i.e. "empty") spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume, between 0 and 1, or as a percentage between 0% and 100%.
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Rain
Rain is liquid water in the form of droplets that have condensed from atmospheric water vapor and then becomes heavy enough to fall under gravity.
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Rangeland
Rangelands are grasslands, shrublands, woodlands, wetlands, and deserts that are grazed by domestic livestock or wild animals.
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River delta
A river delta is a landform that forms from deposition of sediment carried by a river as the flow leaves its mouth and enters slower-moving or stagnant water.
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Robert Bailey (geographer)
Robert G. Bailey (born 1939) is an American geographer.
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Robert Whittaker
Robert Harding Whittaker (December 27, 1920 – October 20, 1980) was a distinguished American plant ecologist, active in the 1950s to the 1970s.
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Savanna
A savanna or savannah is a mixed woodland grassland ecosystem characterised by the trees being sufficiently widely spaced so that the canopy does not close.
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Sclerophyll
Sclerophyll is a type of vegetation that has hard leaves, short internodes (the distance between leaves along the stem) and leaf orientation parallel or oblique to direct sunlight.
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Sea
A sea is a large body of salt water that is surrounded in whole or in part by land.
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Seasonal tropical forest
Seasonal tropical forest: also known as moist deciduous, semi-evergreen seasonal, tropical mixed or monsoon forests, typically contain a range of tree species: only some of which drop some or all of their leaves during the dry season.
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Southern Ocean
The Southern Ocean, also known as the Antarctic Ocean or the Austral Ocean, comprises the southernmost waters of the World Ocean, generally taken to be south of 60° S latitude and encircling Antarctica.
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Subarctic climate
The subarctic climate (also called subpolar climate, subalpine climate, or boreal climate) is a climate characterised by long, usually very cold winters, and short, cool to mild summers.
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Subtropics
The subtropics are geographic and climate zones located roughly between the tropics at latitude 23.5° (the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn) and temperate zones (normally referring to latitudes 35–66.5°) north and south of the Equator.
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Sunlight
Sunlight is a portion of the electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun, in particular infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light.
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Taiga
Taiga (p; from Turkic), also known as boreal forest or snow forest, is a biome characterized by coniferous forests consisting mostly of pines, spruces and larches.
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Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest
Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest is a temperate climate terrestrial biome, with broadleaf tree ecoregions, and with conifer and broadleaf tree mixed coniferous forest ecoregions.
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Temperate climate
In geography, the temperate or tepid climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes, which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth.
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Temperate coniferous forest
Temperate coniferous forest is a terrestrial biome found in temperate regions of the world with warm summers and cool winters and adequate rainfall to sustain a forest.
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Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
Temperate grasslands, savannahs, and shrublands are terrestrial biomes whose predominant vegetation consists of grass and/or shrubs.
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Temperate Northern Pacific
The Temperate Northern Pacific is a biogeographic region of the Earth's seas, comprising the temperate waters of the northern Pacific Ocean.
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Thallophyte
The thallophytes (Thallophyta or Thallobionta) are a polyphyletic group of non-mobile organisms traditionally described as "thalloid plants", "relatively simple plants" or "lower plants".
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The New York Times
The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.
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Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests
Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests are a tropical forest biome.
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Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests
The tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forest biome, also known as tropical dry forest, monsoon forest, vine thicket, vine scrub and dry rainforest is located at tropical and subtropical latitudes.
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Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands are terrestrial biomes dominated by grass and/or shrubs located in semi-arid to semi-humid climate regions of subtropical and tropical latitudes.
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Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests (TSMF), also known as tropical moist forests, are a tropical and subtropical forest biome, sometimes referred to as jungle.
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Tropical Atlantic
The Tropical Atlantic realm is one of twelve marine realms that cover the world's coastal seas and continental shelves.
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Tropical Eastern Pacific
The Tropical Eastern Pacific is one of the twelve marine realms that cover the shallow oceans of the world.
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Tropical rainforest
Tropical rainforests are rainforests that occur in areas of tropical rainforest climate in which there is no dry season – all months have an average precipitation of at least 60 mm – and may also be referred to as lowland equatorial evergreen rainforest.
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Tropics
The tropics are a region of the Earth surrounding the Equator.
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Tundra
In physical geography, tundra is a type of biome where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons.
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Upland and lowland
Upland and lowland are conditional descriptions of a plain based on elevation above sea level.
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Upwelling
Upwelling is an oceanographic phenomenon that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water towards the ocean surface, replacing the warmer, usually nutrient-depleted surface water.
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Urbanization
Urbanization refers to the population shift from rural to urban residency, the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas, and the ways in which each society adapts to this change.
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Vegetation
Vegetation is an assemblage of plant species and the ground cover they provide.
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Vegetation type
Vegetation type or plant community refers to members of a group or aspect of plants that are often found growing in an area together (plant associates), or that share similar environmental conditions, characterized by the presence of one or more dominant species.
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Western Indo-Pacific
The Western Indo-Pacific is a biogeographic region of the Earth's seas, comprising the tropical waters of the eastern and central Indian Ocean.
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Wetland
A wetland is a land area that is saturated with water, either permanently or seasonally, such that it takes on the characteristics of a distinct ecosystem.
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Woodland
Woodland, is a low-density forest forming open habitats with plenty of sunlight and limited shade.
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World Wide Fund for Nature
The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is an international non-governmental organization founded in 1961, working in the field of the wilderness preservation, and the reduction of human impact on the environment.
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Redirects here:
Biom, Biome classification, Biomes, Biota (ecology), Desert plant, Freshwater biome, List of biomes, Major biomes, Major habitat type, Marine biome, Marine biomes.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biome
