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246 relations: ABBYY FineReader, Abkhazia, Agricultural machinery, Agriculture in Russia, Aircraft, Alexander Buzgalin, Alexei Kudrin, Almaz-Antey, Alrosa, Anders Åslund, Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, Anti-aircraft warfare, Arctic sea ice decline, Armoured personnel carrier, Arms industry, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Ballistic missile, Bank, Banking in Russia, BBC News, Bloomberg L.P., Boeing, Boris Yeltsin, Bureaucracy, Capital flight, Carat (mass), Central bank, Central Bank of Russia, Central Intelligence Agency, Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies, Chemical substance, Climate change, Coal, Coal in Russia, Commonwealth of Independent States, Constitution of Russia, Corruption in Russia, Corruption Perceptions Index, Country, Credit crunch, Currency appreciation and depreciation, Current account, Debt-to-GDP ratio, Defense industry of Russia, Deregulation, Disposable and discretionary income, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, Donetsk People's Republic, Durable good, Education in Russia, ..., Electrical equipment, Energia (corporation), Energy, Energy Information Administration, Energy superpower, Engineering Exports Promotion Council, Era of Stagnation, Eurasian Economic Community, Euro, External debt, Federal budget of Russia, Financial asset, Financial crisis of 2007–2008, Financial Times, Firearm, Fitch Ratings, Food and Agriculture Organization, Foodstuffs, Forbes, Fossil fuel, G20, Gabriel Zucman, Gas Exporting Countries Forum, GAZ, Gazprom, Globalization, Google, Government of Russia, Great Recession, Great Recession in Europe, Great Recession in Russia, Gross domestic product, GSMA, Handicraft, Hard currency, Healthcare in Russia, Heavy equipment, Helicopter, Herman Gref, Hewlett-Packard, History of Russia (1991–present), Household, HuffPost, Hyperinflation, ICQ, Income tax, India, Infantry fighting vehicle, Inflation, Inflation targeting, Information Satellite Systems Reshetnev, Institutional Investor (magazine), Intel, International Monetary Fund, International sanctions during the Ukrainian crisis, Kalashnikov Concern, Kamaz, Kaspersky Anti-Virus, Kaspersky Internet Security, Kaspersky Lab, Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center, Kitco, KPMG, Lavochkin, Law enforcement in Russia, Lawrence Summers, Lender of last resort, Life satisfaction, List of companies of Russia, List of countries by GDP (nominal), List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita, List of countries by GDP (PPP), List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita, List of countries by natural gas exports, List of countries by natural gas proven reserves, List of countries by oil exports, List of countries by percentage of population living in poverty, List of countries by proven oil reserves, List of federal subjects of Russia by GRP, List of modern armament manufacturers, Luhansk People's Republic, Mail.Ru, Market economy, Market socialism, Material-handling equipment, Mechanical engineering, Medical device, Metal, Mikhail Gorbachev, Mikoyan, Mikoyan MiG-29, Mining, Ministry of Economic Development (Russia), Mixed economy, Money supply, Monotown, Moody's Investors Service, Moscow, Moscow Defense Brief, Moscow International Business Center, Motorola, Natural gas, Natural resource, Nortel, Nuclear submarine, Odnoklassniki, Offshore software R&D, Oil, Order of the Government of Russia, Penn State College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, Perestroika, Peterson Institute for International Economics, Petroleum, Petroleum industry in Russia, Planned economy, Politics of Russia, Post-Soviet states, Precious metal, President of Russia, Price of oil, Privatization, Progress Rocket Space Centre, Purchasing power parity, Research and development, RIA Novosti, Richard Sakwa, Rolling (metalworking), Rosatom, Rosneft, Rule of law, Russia, Russian Far East, Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections, Russian oligarch, Russian Railways, Russian ruble, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russoft, SAP SE, Sberbank of Russia, Scientific instrument, Sergei Storchak, Shipbuilding, Shock therapy (economics), Shopping mall, Siberia, Small and medium-sized enterprises, Small arms, Software development, South Ossetia, Soviet Union, Space industry of Russia, Space vehicle, Stabilization Fund of the Russian Federation, Standard & Poor's, Standard of living, Succession of states, Sukhoi, Sukhoi Su-30, Sukhoi Su-57, Sukhoi Superjet 100, Sun Microsystems, Supermarket, Tank, Taxation in Russia, Telecommunications equipment, Textile, The Guardian, The New York Times, The World Factbook, Thomas Piketty, Tractor, Transneft, Transparency International, Types of legal entities in Russia, Ukraine, Ukrainian political crisis, Unitary enterprise, United Aircraft Corporation, United States, United States dollar, Ural Mountains, Vedomosti, Vladimir Putin, War in Donbass, Web search engine, World, World Bank, World Bank Group, World Bank high-income economy, World Economic Forum, World oil market chronology from 2003, World Trade Organization, Yandex, 1998 Russian financial crisis, 2000s commodities boom. 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ABBYY FineReader
ABBYY FineReader is an optical character recognition (OCR) application developed by the Russian company ABBYY.
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Abkhazia
Abkhazia (Аҧсны́; აფხაზეთი; p) is a territory on the eastern coast of the Black Sea, south of the Greater Caucasus mountains, in northwestern Georgia.
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Agricultural machinery
Agricultural machinery is machinery used in farming or other agriculture.
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Agriculture in Russia
Agriculture in Russia survived a severe transition decline in the early 1990s as it struggled to transform from a command economy to a market-oriented system.
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Aircraft
An aircraft is a machine that is able to fly by gaining support from the air.
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Alexander Buzgalin
Alexander Buzgalin (Aleksandr Vladimirovich Buzgalin) is a Russian Marxist.
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Alexei Kudrin
Alexei Leonidovich Kudrin (p; born 12 October 1960) is a Russian liberal politician serving as the 4th and current Chairman of the Accounts Chamber since 2018.
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Almaz-Antey
JSC Concern VKO "Almaz-Antey" (ОАО "Концерн ВКО "Алмаз-Антей"») is a Russian state-owned company in the arms industry, a result of a merger of Antey Corporation and NPO Almaz, unifying some of the national military enterprises, in particular, the developers of anti-aircraft defence systems. The organisation is headquartered in Moscow and is the world's 12th-largest defence contractor measured by 2013 defence revenues. In 2013, Almaz-Antey had arms sales of $8.33 billion. The Almaz-Antey group produce air defense systems, firearms for aircraft and armored vehicles, artillery shells and surface-to-surface missiles, airspace surveillance and coordination and artillery radars. The Group also manufacture civilian products such as navigation systems, air traffic systems, civil airtraffic- and weather radars, sewage cleaning systems, ventilation valves for nuclear power plants, and plastic packaging for cosmetics and food products.
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Alrosa
Alrosa (АЛРОСА) is a Russian group of diamond mining companies that has the leading role in the world diamond mining by volume.
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Anders Åslund
Per Anders Åslund (born 17 February 1952) is a Swedish economist and a Senior Fellow at the Atlantic Council.
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Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation
The Crimean peninsula was annexed from Ukraine by the Russian Federation in February–March 2014.
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Anti-aircraft warfare
Anti-aircraft warfare or counter-air defence is defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action."AAP-6 They include ground-and air-based weapon systems, associated sensor systems, command and control arrangements and passive measures (e.g. barrage balloons).
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Arctic sea ice decline
Arctic sea ice decline is the sea ice loss observed in recent decades in the Arctic Ocean.
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Armoured personnel carrier
An armoured personnel carrier (APC) is a type of armoured fighting vehicle (AFV) designed to transport infantry to the battlefield.
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Arms industry
The arms industry, also known as the defense industry or the arms trade, is a global industry responsible for the manufacturing and sales of weapons and military technology.
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Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is a forum for 21 Pacific Rim member economies.
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Ballistic missile
A ballistic missile follows a ballistic trajectory to deliver one or more warheads on a predetermined target.
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Bank
A bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and creates credit.
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Banking in Russia
Banking in Russia is subject to significant regulations as banks in the Russian Federation have to meet mandatory Russian legislation requirements, and comply with numerous Bank of Russia instructions and regulations.
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BBC News
BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs.
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Bloomberg L.P.
Bloomberg L.P. is a privately held financial, software, data, and media company headquartered in Midtown Manhattan, New York City.
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Boeing
The Boeing Company is an American multinational corporation that designs, manufactures, and sells airplanes, rotorcraft, rockets, satellites, and missiles worldwide.
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Boris Yeltsin
Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin (p; 1 February 1931 – 23 April 2007) was a Soviet and Russian politician and the first President of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999.
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Bureaucracy
Bureaucracy refers to both a body of non-elective government officials and an administrative policy-making group.
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Capital flight
Capital flight, in economics, occurs when assets or money rapidly flow out of a country, due to an event of economic consequence.
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Carat (mass)
The carat (ct) (not to be confused with the karat, sometimes spelled carat, a unit of purity of gold alloys), is a unit of mass equal to 200 mg (0.2 g; 0.007055 oz) and is used for measuring gemstones and pearls.
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Central bank
A central bank, reserve bank, or monetary authority is an institution that manages a state's currency, money supply, and interest rates.
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Central Bank of Russia
The Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Центральный банк Российской Федерации Tsentral'nyy bank Rossiyskoy Federatsii) also known as the Bank of Russia (Банк России Bank Rossii) is the central bank of the Russian Federation, founded in 1860 as The State Bank of the Russian Empire, headquartered on Neglinnaya Street in Moscow.
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Central Intelligence Agency
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the United States federal government, tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT).
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Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies
The Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies (CAST) is an independent, for-profit Russian think tank located in downtown Moscow.
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Chemical substance
A chemical substance, also known as a pure substance, is a form of matter that consists of molecules of the same composition and structure.
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Climate change
Climate change is a change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns when that change lasts for an extended period of time (i.e., decades to millions of years).
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Coal
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams.
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Coal in Russia
Coal is one of the largest sources of energy in Russia, accounting for 14.4% of the country's electricity consumption.
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Commonwealth of Independent States
The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS; r), also nicknamed the Russian Commonwealth (in order to distinguish it from the Commonwealth of Nations), is a political and economic intergovernmental organization of nine member states and one associate member, all of which are former Soviet Republics located in Eurasia (primarily in Central to North Asia), formed following the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
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Constitution of Russia
The current Constitution of the Russian Federation (Конституция Российской Федерации, Konstitutsiya Rossiyskoy Federatsii) was adopted by national referendum on.
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Corruption in Russia
Political corruption is perceived to be a significant problem in Russia, impacting all aspects of administration, law enforcement, healthcare and education.
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Corruption Perceptions Index
Transparency International (TI) has published the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) since 1995, annually ranking countries "by their perceived levels of corruption, as determined by expert assessments and opinion surveys." The CPI generally defines corruption as "the misuse of public power for private benefit".
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Country
A country is a region that is identified as a distinct national entity in political geography.
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Credit crunch
A credit crunch (also known as a credit squeeze or credit crisis) is a sudden reduction in the general availability of loans (or credit) or a sudden tightening of the conditions required to obtain a loan from banks.
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Currency appreciation and depreciation
Currency depreciation is the loss of value of a country's currency with respect to one or more foreign reference currencies, typically in a floating exchange rate system in which no official currency value is maintained.
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Current account
In economics, a country's current account is one of the two components of its balance of payments, the other being the capital account (also known as the financial account).
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Debt-to-GDP ratio
In economics, the debt-to-GDP ratio is the ratio between a country's government debt (a cumulative amount) and its gross domestic product (GDP) (measured in years).
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Defense industry of Russia
The defense industry of Russia is a strategically important sector and a large employer in Russia.
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Deregulation
Deregulation is the process of removing or reducing state regulations, typically in the economic sphere.
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Disposable and discretionary income
Disposable income is total personal income minus personal current taxes.
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Dissolution of the Soviet Union
The dissolution of the Soviet Union occurred on December 26, 1991, officially granting self-governing independence to the Republics of the Soviet Union.
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Donetsk People's Republic
The Donetsk People's Republic (DPR or DNR, dɐˈnʲɛtskəjə nɐˈrodnəjə rʲɪˈspublʲɪkə, Донецька Народна Республіка) is a proto-state in the Donetsk Oblast of Ukraine recognized only by the partially recognized South Ossetia.
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Durable good
In economics, a durable good or a hard good is a good that does not quickly wear out, or more specifically, one that yields utility over time rather than being completely consumed in one use.
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Education in Russia
In Russia the state provides most education services, regulating education through the Ministry of Education and Science.
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Electrical equipment
Electrical equipment includes any machine powered by electricity.
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Energia (corporation)
PAO S. P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia (Raketno-kosmicheskaya korporatsiya “Energiya” im.), also known as RSC Energia (РКК «Энергия», RKK “Energiya”), is a Russian manufacturer of ballistic missile, spacecraft and space station components.
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Energy
In physics, energy is the quantitative property that must be transferred to an object in order to perform work on, or to heat, the object.
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Energy Information Administration
The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) is a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System responsible for collecting, analyzing, and disseminating energy information to promote sound policymaking, efficient markets, and public understanding of energy and its interaction with the economy and the environment.
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Energy superpower
An energy superpower is a country that supplies large amounts of energy resources (crude oil, natural gas, coal, uranium, etc.) to a significant number of other countries, and therefore has the potential to influence world markets to gain a political or economic advantage.
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Engineering Exports Promotion Council
EEPC India is the premier trade and investment promotion organization.
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Era of Stagnation
The Era of Stagnation (Период застоя, Stagnation Period, also called the Brezhnevian Stagnation) was the period in the history of the Soviet Union which began during the rule of Leonid Brezhnev (1964–1982) and continued under Yuri Andropov (1982–1984) and Konstantin Chernenko (1984–1985).
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Eurasian Economic Community
The Eurasian Economic Community (EAEC or EurAsEC) was a regional organisation between 2000 and 2014 which aimed for the economic integration of its member states.
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Euro
The euro (sign: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of the European Union.
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External debt
External loan (or foreign debt) is the total debt a country owes to foreign creditors, complemented by internal debt owed to domestic lenders.
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Federal budget of Russia
The Federal budget of Russia (Федеральный бюджет России) is the leading element of the Budget system of Russia.
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Financial asset
A financial asset is a non-physical asset whose value is derived from a contractual claim, such as bank deposits, bonds, and stocks.
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Financial crisis of 2007–2008
The financial crisis of 2007–2008, also known as the global financial crisis and the 2008 financial crisis, is considered by many economists to have been the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s.
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Financial Times
The Financial Times (FT) is a Japanese-owned (since 2015), English-language international daily newspaper headquartered in London, with a special emphasis on business and economic news.
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Firearm
A firearm is a portable gun (a barreled ranged weapon) that inflicts damage on targets by launching one or more projectiles driven by rapidly expanding high-pressure gas produced by exothermic combustion (deflagration) of propellant within an ammunition cartridge.
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Fitch Ratings
Fitch Ratings Inc.
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Food and Agriculture Organization
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO; Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture, Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite per l'Alimentazione e l'Agricoltura) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger.
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Foodstuffs
Foodstuffs (NZ) Ltd is a group of two New Zealand grocery and liquor retailers' cooperatives based in the North Island and the South Island that collectively control an estimated 53% of the New Zealand grocery market.
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Forbes
Forbes is an American business magazine.
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Fossil fuel
A fossil fuel is a fuel formed by natural processes, such as anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms, containing energy originating in ancient photosynthesis.
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G20
The G20 (or Group of Twenty) is an international forum for the governments and central bank governors from Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States and the European Union.
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Gabriel Zucman
Gabriel Zucman (born 30 October 1986) is a French economist.
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Gas Exporting Countries Forum
The Gas Exporting Countries Forum (GECF) is an intergovernmental organization of 11 of the world's leading natural gas producers made up of Algeria, Bolivia, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Iran, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Russia, Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuela.
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GAZ
GAZ or Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod (Gorky Automobile Plant) is a Russian automotive manufacturer located in Nizhny Novgorod.
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Gazprom
Public Joint Stock Company Gazprom (Публи́чное акционе́рное о́бщество «Газпром», Publichnoe Aktsionernoe Obshchestvo Gazprom, abbreviated PAO Gazprom, ПАО «Газпром») is a large Russian company founded in 1989, which carries on the business of extraction, production, transport, and sale of natural gas.
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Globalization
Globalization or globalisation is the process of interaction and integration between people, companies, and governments worldwide.
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Google LLC is an American multinational technology company that specializes in Internet-related services and products, which include online advertising technologies, search engine, cloud computing, software, and hardware.
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Government of Russia
The Government of Russia exercises executive power in the Russian Federation.
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Great Recession
The Great Recession was a period of general economic decline observed in world markets during the late 2000s and early 2010s.
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Great Recession in Europe
The European recession is part of the Great Recession, which began inside the United States.
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Great Recession in Russia
The Great Recession in Russia was a crisis during 2008–2009 in the Russian financial markets as well as an economic recession that was compounded by political fears after the war with Georgia and by the plummeting price of Urals heavy crude oil, which lost more than 70% of its value since its record peak of US$147 on 4 July 2008 before rebounding moderately in 2009.
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Gross domestic product
Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all final goods and services produced in a period (quarterly or yearly) of time.
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GSMA
The GSM Association (commonly referred to as 'the GSMA' or Global System for Mobile Communications, originally Groupe Spécial Mobile) is an originally-European trade body that represents the interests of mobile network operators worldwide.
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Handicraft
A handicraft, sometimes more precisely expressed as artisanal handicraft or handmade, is any of a wide variety of types of work where useful and decorative objects are made completely by hand or by using only simple tools.
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Hard currency
Hard currency, safe-haven currency or strong currency is any globally traded currency that serves as a reliable and stable store of value.
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Healthcare in Russia
Healthcare in Russia is provided by the state through the Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund, and regulated through the Ministry of Health.
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Heavy equipment
Heavy equipment refers to heavy-duty vehicles, specially designed for executing construction tasks, most frequently ones involving earthwork operations.
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Helicopter
A helicopter is a type of rotorcraft in which lift and thrust are supplied by rotors.
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Herman Gref
Herman Oskarovich Gref (Герман Оскарович Греф, born February 8, 1964) is a Russian politician and top manager.
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Hewlett-Packard
The Hewlett-Packard Company (commonly referred to as HP) or shortened to Hewlett-Packard was an American multinational information technology company headquartered in Palo Alto, California.
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History of Russia (1991–present)
The history of Russia from 1991 to the present began with the dissolution of the Soviet Union on 26 December 1991, and the establishment of the Russian Federation.
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Household
A household consists of one or more people who live in the same dwelling and also share meals or living accommodation, and may consist of a single family or some other grouping of people.
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HuffPost
HuffPost (formerly The Huffington Post and sometimes abbreviated HuffPo) is a liberal American news and opinion website and blog that has both localized and international editions.
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Hyperinflation
In economics, hyperinflation is very high and typically accelerating inflation.
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ICQ
ICQ is an instant messaging client that was first developed and popularized by the Israeli company Mirabilis in 1996.
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Income tax
An income tax is a tax imposed on individuals or entities (taxpayers) that varies with respective income or profits (taxable income).
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India
India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.
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Infantry fighting vehicle
An infantry fighting vehicle (IFV), also known as a mechanized infantry combat vehicle (MICV), is a type of armoured fighting vehicle used to carry infantry into battle and provide direct-fire support.
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Inflation
In economics, inflation is a sustained increase in price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time.
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Inflation targeting
Inflation targeting is a monetary policy regime in which a central bank has an explicit target inflation rate for the medium term and announces this inflation target to the public.
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Information Satellite Systems Reshetnev
JSC Information Satellite Systems Reshetnev (Informatsionnye sputnikovye systemy imeny akademika M. F. Reshetnyova) is a Russian satellite manufacturing company.
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Institutional Investor (magazine)
Institutional Investor magazine is a monthly periodical published by Euromoney Institutional Investor.
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Intel
Intel Corporation (stylized as intel) is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California, in the Silicon Valley.
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International Monetary Fund
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of "189 countries working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world." Formed in 1945 at the Bretton Woods Conference primarily by the ideas of Harry Dexter White and John Maynard Keynes, it came into formal existence in 1945 with 29 member countries and the goal of reconstructing the international payment system.
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International sanctions during the Ukrainian crisis
International sanctions were imposed during the Ukrainian crisis by a large number of countries against Russia and Crimea following the Russian military intervention in Ukraine, which began in late February 2014.
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Kalashnikov Concern
JSC Kalashnikov Concern (Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant until 2013) or IZHMASH (ИЖМАШ) is a Russian defense manufacturing concern and joint-stock company headquartered in the city of Izhevsk in the Republic of Udmurtia as well as the capital city of Moscow.
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Kamaz
KAMAZ (Kama Automobile Plant) is a Russian brand of trucks and engines manufacturer located in Naberezhnye Chelny, Russian Federation.
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Kaspersky Anti-Virus
Kaspersky Anti-Virus (Антивирус Касперского (Antivirus Kasperskogo); formerly known as AntiViral Toolkit Pro; often referred to as KAV) is an antivirus program developed by Kaspersky Lab.
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Kaspersky Internet Security
Kaspersky Internet Security (often abbreviated to KIS) is an internet security suite developed by Kaspersky Lab compatible with Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X. KIS offers protection from malware, as well as email spam, phishing and hacking attempts, and data leaks.
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Kaspersky Lab
Kaspersky Lab (/kæˈspɜːrski/; Russian: Лаборатория Касперского, Laboratoriya Kasperskogo) is a multinational cybersecurity and anti-virus provider headquartered in Moscow, Russia and operated by a holding company in the United Kingdom.
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Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center
Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center (ГКНПЦ им. М. В. Хру́ничева in Russian) is a Moscow-based producer of spacecraft and space-launch systems, including the Proton and Rokot rockets.
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Kitco
Kitco is a Canadian company that buys and sells physical precious metals such as gold, platinum, palladium, and silver.
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KPMG
KPMG is a professional service company and one of the Big Four auditors, along with Deloitte, Ernst & Young (EY), and PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC).
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Lavochkin
NPO Lavochkin (НПО Лавочкина, OKB-301, also called Lavochkin Research and Production Association or shortly Lavochkin Association, LA) is a Russian aerospace company.
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Law enforcement in Russia
Law enforcement in the Russian Federation is the responsibility of a variety of different agencies.
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Lawrence Summers
Lawrence Henry Summers (born November 30, 1954) is an American economist, former Vice President of Development Economics and Chief Economist of the World Bank (1991–93),, Data & Research office, The World Bank, retrieved March 31, 2017, World Bank Live, The World Bank, retrieved March 31, 2017 Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University, retrieved March 31, 2017 senior U.S. Treasury Department official throughout President Clinton's administration (ultimately Treasury Secretary, 1999–2001), U.S. Treasury Department, Last Updated: 11/20/2010, retrieved March 31, 2017 and former director of the National Economic Council for President Obama (2009–2010).
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Lender of last resort
A lender of last resort (LOLR) is the institution in a financial system that acts as the provider of liquidity to a financial institution which finds itself unable to obtain sufficient liquidity in the interbank lending market and other facilities or sources have been exhausted.
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Life satisfaction
Life satisfaction is the way in which people show their emotions and feelings (moods) and how they feel about their directions and options for the future.
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List of companies of Russia
Russia has an upper-middle income, World Bank mixed economy with state ownership in strategic areas of the economy.
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List of countries by GDP (nominal)
Gross domestic product (GDP) is the market value of all final goods and services from a nation in a given year.
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List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita
The world sorted by their gross domestic product per capita at nominal values.
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List of countries by GDP (PPP)
This article includes a list of countries by their forecasted estimated gross domestic product based on purchasing power parity, abbreviated GDP (PPP).
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List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita
Three lists of countries below calculate gross domestic product (at purchasing power parity) per capita, i.e., the purchasing power parity (PPP) value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given year, divided by the average (or mid-year) population for the same year.
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List of countries by natural gas exports
This is a list of countries by natural gas exports mostly based on The World Factbook.
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List of countries by natural gas proven reserves
This is a list of countries by natural gas proven reserves based on The World Factbook (when no citation is given).
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List of countries by oil exports
This is a list of oil-producing countries by oil exports based on The World Factbook and other Sources.
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List of countries by percentage of population living in poverty
Countries by percentage of population living in poverty, as recorded by World bank and other sources.
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List of countries by proven oil reserves
This is a list of countries by proven oil reserves.
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List of federal subjects of Russia by GRP
The article is a list of Russia Federal subjects by Gross Regional Product (GRP) in main years.
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List of modern armament manufacturers
The following list of modern armament manufacturers presents major companies producing modern weapons and munitions for military, paramilitary, government agency and civilian.
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Luhansk People's Republic
The Luhansk People's Republic (Луганська Народна Республіка), also known as Lugansk People's Republic (lʊˈɡanskəjə nɐˈrodnəjə rʲɪˈspublʲɪkə), usually abbreviated as LPR or LNR, is a landlocked proto-state in eastern Ukraine.
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Mail.Ru
Mail.Ru Group, ООО (commonly referred to as Mail.Ru) is a Russian Internet company.
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Market economy
A market economy is an economic system in which the decisions regarding investment, production, and distribution are guided by the price signals created by the forces of supply and demand.
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Market socialism
Market socialism is a type of economic system involving the public, cooperative or social ownership of the means of production in the framework of a market economy.
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Material-handling equipment
Material handling equipment is mechanical equipment used for the movement, storage, control and protection of materials, goods and products throughout the process of manufacturing, distribution, consumption and disposal.
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Mechanical engineering
Mechanical engineering is the discipline that applies engineering, physics, engineering mathematics, and materials science principles to design, analyze, manufacture, and maintain mechanical systems.
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Medical device
A medical device is any apparatus, appliance, software, material, or other article—whether used alone or in combination, including the software intended by its manufacturer to be used specifically for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes and necessary for its proper application—intended by the manufacturer to be used for human beings for the purpose of.
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Metal
A metal (from Greek μέταλλον métallon, "mine, quarry, metal") is a material (an element, compound, or alloy) that is typically hard when in solid state, opaque, shiny, and has good electrical and thermal conductivity.
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Mikhail Gorbachev
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev, GCL (born 2 March 1931) is a Russian and former Soviet politician.
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Mikoyan
Russian Aircraft Corporation MiG (Rossiyskaya samoletostroitel'naya korporatsiya "MiG") is a Russian aerospace joint stock company.
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Mikoyan MiG-29
The Mikoyan MiG-29 (Микоян МиГ-29; NATO reporting name: Fulcrum) is a twin-engine jet fighter aircraft designed in the Soviet Union.
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Mining
Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, usually from an orebody, lode, vein, seam, reef or placer deposit.
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Ministry of Economic Development (Russia)
The Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation (Министерство экономического развития Российской Федерации) is a federal ministry in the Russian Government.
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Mixed economy
A mixed economy is variously defined as an economic system blending elements of market economies with elements of planned economies, free markets with state interventionism, or private enterprise with public enterprise.
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Money supply
In economics, the money supply (or money stock) is the total value of monetary assets available in an economy at a specific time.
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Monotown
A monotown (a calque from Russian моногород, monogorod; gorod.
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Moody's Investors Service
Moody's Investors Service, often referred to as Moody's, is the bond credit rating business of Moody's Corporation, representing the company's traditional line of business and its historical name.
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Moscow
Moscow (a) is the capital and most populous city of Russia, with 13.2 million residents within the city limits and 17.1 million within the urban area.
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Moscow Defense Brief
Moscow Defense Brief is an English-language defense magazine published by Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies (CAST), an independent defense think-tank located in Moscow, Russia.
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Moscow International Business Center
The Moscow International Business Centre (MIBC) (r), also known as “Moscow City” (r), is a commercial district in central Moscow, Russia.
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Motorola
Motorola, Inc. was an American multinational telecommunications company founded on September 25, 1928, based in Schaumburg, Illinois.
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Natural gas
Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, but commonly including varying amounts of other higher alkanes, and sometimes a small percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, or helium.
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Natural resource
Natural resources are resources that exist without actions of humankind.
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Nortel
Nortel Networks Corporation, formerly known as Northern Telecom Limited, Northern Electric and sometimes known simply as Nortel, was a multinational telecommunications and data networking equipment manufacturer headquartered in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
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Nuclear submarine
A nuclear submarine is a submarine powered by a nuclear reactor.
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Odnoklassniki
Odnoklassniki, OK.ru (Одноклассники; Classmates) is a social network service for classmates and old friends.
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Offshore software R&D
Offshore Software R&D is the provision of software development services by a supplier (whether external or internal) located in a different country from the one where the software will be used.
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Oil
An oil is any nonpolar chemical substance that is a viscous liquid at ambient temperatures and is both hydrophobic (does not mix with water, literally "water fearing") and lipophilic (mixes with other oils, literally "fat loving").
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Order of the Government of Russia
Orders and Resolutions of the Government of Russia (Постановления и Pаспоряжения) is secondary legislation, a normative administrative directive content published by the Government of the Russian Federation within the limits of its competence, on the basis and in pursuance of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal constitutional laws, federal laws and Decrees of the President of Russia.
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Penn State College of Earth and Mineral Sciences
The College of Earth and Mineral Sciences is a constituent, semi-autonomous part of Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.
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Perestroika
Perestroika (a) was a political movement for reformation within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union during the 1980s until 1991 and is widely associated with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev and his glasnost (meaning "openness") policy reform.
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Peterson Institute for International Economics
The Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE; Peterson Institute), until 2006 the Institute for International Economics (IIE), is a private and non-profit think tank focused on international economics, based in Washington, D.C. It was founded by C. Fred Bergsten in 1981, and is led by Adam S. Posen.
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Petroleum
Petroleum is a naturally occurring, yellow-to-black liquid found in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface.
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Petroleum industry in Russia
The petroleum industry in Russia is one of the largest in the world.
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Planned economy
A planned economy is a type of economic system where investment and the allocation of capital goods take place according to economy-wide economic and production plans.
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Politics of Russia
The politics of Russia (the Russian Federation) takes place in the framework of a federal semi-presidential republic.
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Post-Soviet states
The post-Soviet states, also collectively known as the former Soviet Union (FSU) or former Soviet Republics, are the states that emerged and re-emerged from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in its breakup in 1991, with Russia internationally recognised as the successor state to the Soviet Union after the Cold War.
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Precious metal
A precious metal is a rare, naturally occurring metallic chemical element of high economic value.
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President of Russia
The President of the Russian Federation (Prezident Rossiyskoy Federatsii) is the elected head of state of the Russian Federation, as well as holder of the highest office in Russia and commander-in-chief of the Russian Armed Forces.
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Price of oil
The price of oil, or the oil price, (generally) refers to the spot price of a barrel of benchmark crude oil—a reference price for buyers and sellers of crude oil such as West Texas Intermediate (WTI), Brent ICE, Dubai Crude, OPEC Reference Basket, Tapis Crude, Bonny Light, Urals oil, Isthmus and Western Canadian Select (WCS).
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Privatization
Privatization (also spelled privatisation) is the purchase of all outstanding shares of a publicly traded company by private investors, or the sale of a state-owned enterprise to private investors.
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Progress Rocket Space Centre
The Progress Rocket Space Centre (Ракетно-космический центр «Прогресс»), formerly known as TsSKB-Progress (ЦСКБ-Прогресс), is a Russian joint-stock company under the jurisdiction of Roscosmos State Corporation responsible for space science and aerospace research.
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Purchasing power parity
Purchasing power parity (PPP) is a neoclassical economic theory that states that the exchange rate between two countries is equal to the ratio of the currencies' respective purchasing power.
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Research and development
Research and development (R&D, R+D, or R'n'D), also known in Europe as research and technological development (RTD), refers to innovative activities undertaken by corporations or governments in developing new services or products, or improving existing services or products.
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RIA Novosti
RIA Novosti (РИА Новости), sometimes RIA (РИА) for short, was Russia's international news agency until 2013 and continues to be the name of a state-operated domestic Russian-language news agency.
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Richard Sakwa
Richard Sakwa (born 1953) is Professor of Russian and European politics at the University of Kent.
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Rolling (metalworking)
In metalworking, rolling is a metal forming process in which metal stock is passed through one or more pairs of rolls to reduce the thickness and to make the thickness uniform.
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Rosatom
Rosatom, (r) stylized as ROSATOM and also known as the Rosatom State Nuclear Energy Corporation, the State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom, or the Rosatom State Corporation, is a Russian state corporation headquartered in Moscow that specializes in nuclear energy.
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Rosneft
PJSC Rosneft Oil Company (stylized as ROSNEFT) is a Russian integrated energy company headquartered in the Russian capital of Moscow.
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Rule of law
The rule of law is the "authority and influence of law in society, especially when viewed as a constraint on individual and institutional behavior; (hence) the principle whereby all members of a society (including those in government) are considered equally subject to publicly disclosed legal codes and processes".
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Russia
Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.
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Russian Far East
The Russian Far East (p) comprises the Russian part of the Far East - the extreme eastern territory of Russia, between Lake Baikal in Eastern Siberia and the Pacific Ocean.
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Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections
The Russian government interfered in the 2016 U.S. presidential election in order to increase political instability in the United States and to damage Hillary Clinton's presidential campaign by bolstering the candidacies of Donald Trump, Bernie Sanders and Jill Stein.
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Russian oligarch
The Russian oligarchs (see the related term "New Russians") are business oligarchs of the former Soviet republics who rapidly accumulated wealth during the era of Russian privatization in the aftermath of the dissolution of the Soviet Union in the 1990s.
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Russian Railways
JSC Russian Railways (JSC RZhD; ОАО «Российские железные дороги» (ОАО «РЖД») tr. OAO Rossiyskie zheleznye dorogi (OAO RZhD)) is a Russian fully state-owned vertically integrated company, both managing infrastructure and operating freight and passenger train services.
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Russian ruble
The Russian ruble or rouble (рубль rublʹ, plural: рубли́ rubli; sign: ₽, руб; code: RUB) is the currency of the Russian Federation, the two partially recognized republics of Abkhazia and South Ossetia and the two unrecognized republics of Donetsk and Luhansk.
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Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; Ru-Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика.ogg), also unofficially known as the Russian Federation, Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the laboring and exploited people, article I or Russia (rɐˈsʲijə; from the Ρωσία Rōsía — Rus'), was an independent state from 1917 to 1922, and afterwards the largest, most populous, and most economically developed union republic of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1991 and then a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with priority of Russian laws over Union-level legislation in 1990 and 1991.
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Russoft
Russoft, headquartered in Saint-Petersburg, is an association of software companies from Russia, Ukraine and Belarus.
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SAP SE
SAP SE (Systeme, Anwendungen und Produkte in der Datenverarbeitung, "Systems, Applications & Products in Data Processing") is a German-based European multinational software corporation that makes enterprise software to manage business operations and customer relations.
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Sberbank of Russia
Sberbank (Sberbank, Сбербанк, initially a contraction of "сберегательный банк" – sbyeryegatyelniy bank; English: "Savings bank") is a state-owned Russian banking and financial services company headquartered in Moscow.
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Scientific instrument
A scientific instrument is, broadly speaking, a device or tool used for scientific purposes, including the study of both natural phenomena and theoretical research.
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Sergei Storchak
Sergei Anatolievich Storchak (Серге́й Анатольевич Сторча́к) (born 8 June 1954 in Olevsk, Zhytomyr Oblast, Ukraine SSR) is a Deputy Finance Minister of Russia.
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Shipbuilding
Shipbuilding is the construction of ships and other floating vessels.
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Shock therapy (economics)
Shock therapy is a term used by some non-economists to refer to the sudden release of price and currency controls (economic liberalization), withdrawal of state subsidies, and immediate trade liberalization within a country, usually also including large-scale privatization of previously public-owned assets.
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Shopping mall
A shopping mall is a modern, chiefly North American, term for a form of shopping precinct or shopping center, in which one or more buildings form a complex of shops representing merchandisers with interconnecting walkways that enable customers to walk from unit to unit.
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Siberia
Siberia (a) is an extensive geographical region, and by the broadest definition is also known as North Asia.
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Small and medium-sized enterprises
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs, also small and medium enterprises) or small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) are businesses whose personnel numbers fall below certain limits.
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Small arms
Small arms include handguns (revolvers and pistols) and long guns, such as rifles, carbines, shotguns, submachine guns, assault rifles, personal defense weapons, and light machine guns.
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Software development
Software development is the process of conceiving, specifying, designing, programming, documenting, testing, and bug fixing involved in creating and maintaining applications, frameworks, or other software components.
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South Ossetia
South Ossetia or Tskhinvali Region, is a disputed territory in the South Caucasus, in the northern part of the internationally recognised Georgian territory.
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.
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Space industry of Russia
Space industry of Russia consists of over 100 companies and employs 250,000 people.
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Space vehicle
A space vehicle or spaceship is a rocket-powered vehicle used to transport unmanned satellites or humans between the Earth's surface and outer space.
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Stabilization Fund of the Russian Federation
The Stabilization fund of the Russian Federation (Стабилизационный фонд Российской Федерации) was established based on a resolution of the Government of Russia on 1 January 2004, as a part of the federal budget to balance the federal budget at the time of when oil price falls below a cut-off price, currently set at US$27 per barrel.
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Standard & Poor's
Standard & Poor's Financial Services LLC (S&P) is an American financial services company.
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Standard of living
Standard of living refers to the level of wealth, comfort, material goods, and necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class in a certain geographic area, usually a country.
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Succession of states
Succession of states is a theory and practice in international relations regarding successor states.
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Sukhoi
The JSC Sukhoi Company (ПАО «Компания „Сухой“») is a major Russian aircraft manufacturer, headquartered in Begovoy District, Northern Administrative Okrug, Moscow, and designs both civilian and military aircraft.
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Sukhoi Su-30
The Sukhoi Su-30 (Сухой Су-30; NATO reporting name: Flanker-C) is a twin-engine, two-seat supermaneuverable fighter aircraft developed by Russia's Sukhoi Aviation Corporation.
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Sukhoi Su-57
The Sukhoi Su-57 (Сухой Су-57) is the designation for a stealth, single-seat, twin-engine multirole fifth-generation jet fighter being developed for air superiority and attack operations.
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Sukhoi Superjet 100
The Sukhoi Superjet 100, also known by its abbreviation SSJ100, is a fly-by-wire twin-engine regional jet with 8 (VIP) to 108 (all economy) passenger seats.
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Sun Microsystems
Sun Microsystems, Inc. was an American company that sold computers, computer components, software, and information technology services and created the Java programming language, the Solaris operating system, ZFS, the Network File System (NFS), and SPARC.
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Supermarket
A supermarket is a self-service shop offering a wide variety of food and household products, organized into aisles.
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Tank
A tank is an armoured fighting vehicle designed for front-line combat, with heavy firepower, strong armour, tracks and a powerful engine providing good battlefield maneuverability.
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Taxation in Russia
The Russian Tax Code (Налоговый кодекс Российской Федерации) is the primary tax law for the Russian Federation.
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Telecommunications equipment
Telecommunications equipment (also telecoms equipment or communications equipment) is hardware used for the purposes of telecommunications.
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Textile
A textile is a flexible material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibres (yarn or thread).
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The Guardian
The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.
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The New York Times
The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.
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The World Factbook
The World Factbook, also known as the CIA World Factbook, is a reference resource produced by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) with almanac-style information about the countries of the world.
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Thomas Piketty
Thomas Piketty (born 7 May 1971) is a French economist whose work focuses on wealth and income inequality.
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Tractor
A tractor is an engineering vehicle specifically designed to deliver at a high tractive effort (or torque) at slow speeds, for the purposes of hauling a trailer or machinery used in agriculture or construction.
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Transneft
Joint Stock Company Transneft (Транснефть) is a Russian state-owned transport monopoly, the largest oil pipeline company in the world.
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Transparency International
Transparency International e.V. (TI) is an international non-governmental organization which is based in Berlin, Germany, and was founded in 1993.
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Types of legal entities in Russia
*IP (Индивидуальный предприниматель) – Russian "Individual entrepreneur".
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Ukraine
Ukraine (Ukrayina), sometimes called the Ukraine, is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the east and northeast; Belarus to the northwest; Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively.
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Ukrainian political crisis
Ukrainian political crisis may refer to (chronologically).
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Unitary enterprise
A unitary enterprise (унитарное предприятие) is a government-owned corporation in Russia and some other post-Soviet states.
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United Aircraft Corporation
The PJSC United Aircraft Corporation (UAC) is a Russian aerospace and defense corporation.
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United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
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United States dollar
The United States dollar (sign: $; code: USD; also abbreviated US$ and referred to as the dollar, U.S. dollar, or American dollar) is the official currency of the United States and its insular territories per the United States Constitution since 1792.
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Ural Mountains
The Ural Mountains (p), or simply the Urals, are a mountain range that runs approximately from north to south through western Russia, from the coast of the Arctic Ocean to the Ural River and northwestern Kazakhstan.
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Vedomosti
Vedomosti (p, "The Record") is a Russian-language business daily published in Moscow.
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Vladimir Putin
Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (a; born 7 October 1952) is a Russian statesman and former intelligence officer serving as President of Russia since 2012, previously holding the position from 2000 until 2008.
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War in Donbass
The War in Donbass is an armed conflict in the Donbass region of Ukraine.
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Web search engine
A web search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web.
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World
The world is the planet Earth and all life upon it, including human civilization.
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World Bank
The World Bank (Banque mondiale) is an international financial institution that provides loans to countries of the world for capital projects.
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World Bank Group
The World Bank Group (WBG) (Groupe de la Banque mondiale) is a family of five international organizations that make leveraged loans to developing countries.
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World Bank high-income economy
A high-income economy is defined by the World Bank as a country with a gross national income per capita US$12,236 or more in 2016, calculated using the Atlas method.
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World Economic Forum
The World Economic Forum (WEF) is a Swiss nonprofit foundation, based in Cologny, Geneva, Switzerland.
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World oil market chronology from 2003
From the mid-1980s to September 2003, the inflation adjusted price of a barrel of crude oil on NYMEX was generally under $25/barrel.
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World Trade Organization
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization that regulates international trade.
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Yandex
Yandex N.V. (p) is a multinational corporation specializing in Internet-related services and products.
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1998 Russian financial crisis
The Russian financial crisis (also called Ruble crisis or the Russian Flu) hit Russia on 17 August 1998.
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2000s commodities boom
The 2000s commodities boom or the commodities super cycle was the rise, and fall, of many physical commodity prices (such as those of food, oil, metals, chemicals, fuels and the like) during the early 21st century (2000–2014), following the Great Commodities Depression of the 1980s and 1990s.
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Redirects here:
Development in Russia, Development of Russia, Development projects in Russia, Economy of Russia/table, Economy of russia, Investment in Russia, Investment projects in Russia, Largest projects in the Russian economy, List of Russian megaprojects, List of Russian projects, List of investment projects in Russia, List of major development projects in Russia, List of major investment projects in Russia, List of megaprojects in Russia, List of megaprojects of Russia, Major development projects in Russia, Major investment projects in Russia, Megaprojects in Russia, Megaprojects of Russia, Modernisation of Russia, Modernization of Russia, Real estate in Russia, Russia economy, Russia/Economy, Russian economy, Russian insurance companies, Russian megaprojects, Russian modernisation, Russian modernization, Russian projects, Timeline of development projects in the Russian economy, Timeline of investment projects in the Russian economy, Timeline of largest projects in the Russian economy, Timeline of megaprojects in Russia, Timeline of megaprojects in the Russian economy, Timeline of projects in the Russian economy, Timeline of the Russian economy.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Russia
