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Douglas A-20 Havoc

Index Douglas A-20 Havoc

The Douglas A-20 Havoc (company designation DB-7) is a United States attack, light bomber, intruder, and reconnaissance aircraft of World War II. [1]

121 relations: Aerial torpedo, Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment, AI Mk. IV radar, Air Enthusiast, Algeria, Allies of World War II, ALSIB, Armistice of 22 June 1940, Attack aircraft, Attack on Pearl Harbor, Australia, Aviation regiment (Soviet Union), Battle of France, Battle of Kasserine Pass, Battle of the Bismarck Sea, Belgian Air Component, Belgium, Bill Gunston, Boeing, Brazil, Bristol Beaufighter, Bristol Blenheim, British Purchasing Commission, Buna, Papua New Guinea, Candlepower, Casablanca, Channel Dash, Commonwealth of Nations, Corsica, Dieppe Raid, Donald Wills Douglas Sr., Douglas A-26 Invader, Douglas Aircraft Company, Douglas DC-5, Dutch East Indies, Dutch language, Ed Heinemann, Eighth Air Force, Fifth Air Force, Fokker G.I, France, French Air Force, French North Africa, Fuselage, German battleship Gneisenau, German battleship Scharnhorst, German cruiser Prinz Eugen, Gona, Handley Page H.P.54 Harrow, Harrison's Reports, ..., Hawker Hurricane, Hispano-Suiza HS.404, IL-2 Sturmovik (video game), Interdiction, Intruder (air combat), Jack Northrop, Japan, Lae, Lend-Lease, Light bomber, List of aircraft of the French Air Force during World War II, List of aircraft of the Royal Air Force, List of aircraft of the Royal Australian Air Force, List of aircraft of World War II, List of military aircraft of the Soviet Union and the CIS, List of military aircraft of the United States, M2 Browning, Martin B-26 Marauder, Martin Baltimore, Martin Maryland, Messerschmitt Bf 110, MoD Boscombe Down, Monoplane, NATO reporting name, Netherlands, New Guinea, New Guinea campaign, New South Wales, Night fighter, Ninth Air Force, No. 22 Squadron RAAF, No. 226 Squadron RAF, North American Aviation, North American B-25 Mitchell, Northrop P-61 Black Widow, Operation Barbarossa, Operation Torch, Pacific Fighters, Petlyakov Pe-2, Poly(methyl methacrylate), Pratt & Whitney R-1830 Twin Wasp, Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Junior, Radial engine, Reconnaissance aircraft, Royal Air Force, Royal Australian Air Force, Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force, Self-sealing fuel tank, ShKAS machine gun, South Africa, South West Pacific theatre of World War II, Soviet Air Forces, Soviet Naval Aviation, Soviet Union, Spanish Civil War, Stearman XA-21, The Way to the Stars, Tunisia, Turbinlite, Turbocharger, United Kingdom, United States, United States Army Air Corps, United States Army Air Forces, United States Marine Corps, Vehicle armour, Vichy France, World War II, World War II Online, Wright R-2600 Twin Cyclone, 915th Air Refueling Squadron. Expand index (71 more) »

Aerial torpedo

An aerial torpedo, airborne torpedo or air-dropped torpedo is a naval weapon, a torpedo, that an aircraft—fixed-wing aircraft or helicopter—drops in the water, after which the weapon propels itself to the target.

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Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment

The Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment (A&AEE) was a research facility for British military aviation from 1918 to 1992.

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AI Mk. IV radar

Airborne Interception radar, Mark IV, or AI Mk.

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Air Enthusiast

Air Enthusiast was a British, bi-monthly, aviation magazine, published by the Key Publishing group.

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Algeria

Algeria (الجزائر, familary Algerian Arabic الدزاير; ⴷⵣⴰⵢⴻⵔ; Dzayer; Algérie), officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a sovereign state in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast.

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Allies of World War II

The Allies of World War II, called the United Nations from the 1 January 1942 declaration, were the countries that together opposed the Axis powers during the Second World War (1939–1945).

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ALSIB

ALSIB (or the Northern Trace) was the Soviet Union portion of the Alaska-Siberian air road receiving Lend-Lease aircraft from the Northwest Staging Route.

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Armistice of 22 June 1940

The Armistice of 22 June 1940 was signed at 18:36.

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Attack aircraft

An attack aircraft, strike aircraft, or attack bomber, is a tactical military aircraft that has a primary role of carrying out airstrikes with greater precision than bombers, and is prepared to encounter strong low-level air defenses while pressing the attack.

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Attack on Pearl Harbor

The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Territory, on the morning of December 7, 1941.

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Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands.

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Aviation regiment (Soviet Union)

An Aviation Regiment (авиационный полк).

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Battle of France

The Battle of France, also known as the Fall of France, was the German invasion of France and the Low Countries during the Second World War.

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Battle of Kasserine Pass

The Battle of Kasserine Pass was a battle of the Tunisia Campaign of World War II that took place in February 1943.

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Battle of the Bismarck Sea

The Battle of the Bismarck Sea (2–4 March 1943) took place in the South West Pacific Area (SWPA) during World War II when aircraft of the U.S. Fifth Air Force and the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) attacked a Japanese convoy carrying troops to Lae, New Guinea.

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Belgian Air Component

The Belgian Air Component (Luchtcomponent, Composante air) is the air arm of the Belgian Armed Forces, and until January 2002 it was officially known as the Belgian Air Force (Belgische Luchtmacht; Force aérienne belge).

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Belgium

Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Western Europe bordered by France, the Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg.

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Bill Gunston

Bill Gunston OBE FRAeS (1 March 1927 - 1 June 2013) was a British aviation and military author.

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Boeing

The Boeing Company is an American multinational corporation that designs, manufactures, and sells airplanes, rotorcraft, rockets, satellites, and missiles worldwide.

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Brazil

Brazil (Brasil), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (República Federativa do Brasil), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America.

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Bristol Beaufighter

The Bristol Type 156 Beaufighter (often referred to simply as the "Beau") is a multi-role aircraft developed during the Second World War by the Bristol Aeroplane Company in the United Kingdom.

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Bristol Blenheim

The Bristol Blenheim is a British light bomber aircraft designed and built by the Bristol Aeroplane Company (Bristol) which was used extensively in the first two years and in some cases throughout the Second World War.

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British Purchasing Commission

The British Purchasing Commission was a United Kingdom organisation of the Second World War.

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Buna, Papua New Guinea

Buna is a village in Oro Province, Papua New Guinea.

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Candlepower

Candlepower (abbreviated as cp or CP) is an obsolete unit expressing luminous intensity, equal to 0.981 candelas.

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Casablanca

Casablanca (ad-dār al-bayḍāʾ; anfa; local informal name: Kaẓa), located in the central-western part of Morocco bordering the Atlantic Ocean, is the largest city in Morocco.

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Channel Dash

The Channel Dash or Unternehmen Zerberus (Operation Cerberus) was a German naval operation during World War II.

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Commonwealth of Nations

The Commonwealth of Nations, often known as simply the Commonwealth, is an intergovernmental organisation of 53 member states that are mostly former territories of the British Empire.

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Corsica

Corsica (Corse; Corsica in Corsican and Italian, pronounced and respectively) is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 18 regions of France.

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Dieppe Raid

The Dieppe Raid was an Allied assault on the German-occupied port of Dieppe, France on 19 August 1942, during the Second World War.

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Donald Wills Douglas Sr.

Donald Wills Douglas Sr. (April 6, 1892 – February 1, 1981) was an American aircraft industrialist and engineer.

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Douglas A-26 Invader

The Douglas A-26 Invader (designated B-26 between 1948 and 1965) is an American twin-engined light bomber and ground attack aircraft.

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Douglas Aircraft Company

The Douglas Aircraft Company was an American aerospace manufacturer based in Southern California.

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Douglas DC-5

The Douglas DC-5 (Douglas Commercial Model 5) was a 16-to-22-seat, twin-engine propeller aircraft intended for shorter routes than the Douglas DC-3 or Douglas DC-4.

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Dutch East Indies

The Dutch East Indies (or Netherlands East-Indies; Nederlands(ch)-Indië; Hindia Belanda) was a Dutch colony consisting of what is now Indonesia.

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Dutch language

The Dutch language is a West Germanic language, spoken by around 23 million people as a first language (including the population of the Netherlands where it is the official language, and about sixty percent of Belgium where it is one of the three official languages) and by another 5 million as a second language.

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Ed Heinemann

Edward Henry Heinemann, (March 14, 1908 – November 26, 1991) was a noted military aircraft designer for the Douglas Aircraft Company.

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Eighth Air Force

The Eighth Air Force (Air Forces Strategic) (8 AF) is a numbered air force (NAF) of the United States Air Force's Air Force Global Strike Command (AFGSC).

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Fifth Air Force

The Fifth Air Force (5 AF) is a numbered air force of the United States Air Force Pacific Air Forces (PACAF).

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Fokker G.I

The Fokker G.I was a Dutch heavy twin-engined fighter aircraft comparable in size and role to the German Messerschmitt Bf 110.

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France

France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.

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French Air Force

The French Air Force (Armée de l'Air Française), literally Aerial Army) is the air force of the French Armed Forces. It was formed in 1909 as the Service Aéronautique, a service arm of the French Army, then was made an independent military arm in 1934. The number of aircraft in service with the French Air Force varies depending on source, however sources from the French Ministry of Defence give a figure of 658 aircraft in 2014. The French Air Force has 241 combat aircraft in service, with the majority being 133 Dassault Mirage 2000 and 108 Dassault Rafale. As of early 2017, the French Air Force employs a total of 41,160 regular personnel. The reserve element of the air force consisted of 5,187 personnel of the Operational Reserve. The Chief of Staff of the French Air Force (CEMAA) is a direct subordinate of the Chief of the Defence Staff (CEMA).

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French North Africa

French North Africa was a collection of territories in North Africa controlled by France, centering on French Algeria.

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Fuselage

The fuselage (from the French fuselé "spindle-shaped") is an aircraft's main body section.

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German battleship Gneisenau

Gneisenau was a German capital ship, alternatively described as a battleship and battlecruiser, of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine.

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German battleship Scharnhorst

Scharnhorst was a German capital ship, alternatively described as a battleship and battlecruiser, of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine.

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German cruiser Prinz Eugen

Prinz Eugen was an heavy cruiser, the third member of the class of five vessels.

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Gona

Gona is a coastal village in Oro Province, Papua New Guinea.

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Handley Page H.P.54 Harrow

The Handley Page H.P.54 Harrow was a British heavy bomber of the 1930s built by Handley Page and used by the Royal Air Force, being used for most of the Second World War as a transport.

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Harrison's Reports

Harrison’s Reports was a New York City-based motion picture trade journal published weekly from 1919 to 1962.

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Hawker Hurricane

The Hawker Hurricane is a British single-seat fighter aircraft of the 1930s–1940s that was designed and predominantly built by Hawker Aircraft Ltd.

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Hispano-Suiza HS.404

The HS.404 is an autocannon originally designed and produced by Hispano-Suiza in the mid-1930s.

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IL-2 Sturmovik (video game)

IL-2 Sturmovik (Ил-2 Штурмовик) is a 2001 World War II combat flight simulator video game and is the first installment in the ''IL-2 Sturmovik'' series.

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Interdiction

Interdiction is a military term for the act of delaying, disrupting, or destroying enemy forces or supplies en route to the battle area.

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Intruder (air combat)

In military aviation, an intruder is a fighter aircraft or light bomber, often a night fighter, the crew of which are tasked with penetrating deep into enemy airspace to disrupt enemy air operations.

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Jack Northrop

John Knudsen "Jack" Northrop (November 10, 1895 – February 18, 1981) was an American aircraft industrialist and designer, who founded the Northrop Corporation in 1939.

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Japan

Japan (日本; Nippon or Nihon; formally 日本国 or Nihon-koku, lit. "State of Japan") is a sovereign island country in East Asia.

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Lae

Lae is the capital of Morobe Province and is the second-largest city in Papua New Guinea.

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Lend-Lease

The Lend-Lease policy, formally titled An Act to Promote the Defense of the United States, was an American program to defeat Germany, Japan and Italy by distributing food, oil, and materiel between 1941 and August 1945.

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Light bomber

A light bomber is a relatively small and fast type of military bomber aircraft that was primarily employed before the 1950s.

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List of aircraft of the French Air Force during World War II

Aircraft of the French Air Force and Naval Aviation during the Battle of France in 1940 and aircraft of the Free French Air Force (FAFL).

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List of aircraft of the Royal Air Force

Many aircraft types have served in the British Royal Air Force since its formation in April 1918 from the merger of the Royal Flying Corps and Royal Naval Air Service.

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List of aircraft of the Royal Australian Air Force

Many aircraft types have served in the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) since it was formed in March 1921.

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List of aircraft of World War II

The List of aircraft of World War II includes all the aircraft used by those countries, which were at war during World War II from the period between their joining the conflict and the conflict ending for them.

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List of military aircraft of the Soviet Union and the CIS

This list of the military aircraft of the Soviet Union and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) includes experimental, prototypes, and operational types regardless of era.

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List of military aircraft of the United States

This list of military aircraft of the United States includes prototype, pre-production, and operational types.

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M2 Browning

The M2 Machine Gun or Browning.50 Caliber Machine Gun is a heavy machine gun designed toward the end of World War I by John Browning.

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Martin B-26 Marauder

The Martin B-26 Marauder was an American World War II twin-engined medium bomber built by the Glenn L. Martin Company in Middle River, Maryland (just east of Baltimore) from 1941 to 1945.

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Martin Baltimore

The Martin 187 Baltimore was a twin-engined light attack bomber built by the Glenn L. Martin Company in the United States, originally ordered by the French in May 1940 as a follow-up to the earlier Martin Maryland, then in service in France.

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Martin Maryland

The Martin Model 167 was an American-designed medium bomber that first flew in 1939.

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Messerschmitt Bf 110

--> The Messerschmitt Bf 110, often known non-officially as the Me 110, was a twin-engine heavy fighter (Zerstörer—German for "Destroyer") and fighter-bomber (Jagdbomber or Jabo) developed in Nazi Germany in the 1930s and used by the Luftwaffe during World War II.

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MoD Boscombe Down

MoD Boscombe Down is the home of a military aircraft testing site, located near the town of Amesbury in Wiltshire, England.

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Monoplane

A monoplane is a fixed-wing aircraft with a single main wing plane, in contrast to a biplane or other multiplane, each of which has multiple planes.

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NATO reporting name

NATO reporting names are code names for military equipment of Russia, China, and, historically, the former Eastern Bloc (Soviet Union and other nations of the Warsaw Pact).

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Netherlands

The Netherlands (Nederland), often referred to as Holland, is a country located mostly in Western Europe with a population of seventeen million.

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New Guinea

New Guinea (Nugini or, more commonly known, Papua, historically, Irian) is a large island off the continent of Australia.

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New Guinea campaign

The New Guinea campaign of the Pacific War lasted from January 1942 until the end of the war in August 1945.

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New South Wales

New South Wales (abbreviated as NSW) is a state on the east coast of:Australia.

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Night fighter

A night fighter (also known as all-weather fighter or all-weather interceptor for a period of time post-World War II) is a fighter aircraft adapted for use at night or in other times of bad visibility.

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Ninth Air Force

The Ninth Air Force (9 AF) is a numbered air force of the United States Air Force's Air Combat Command (ACC).

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No. 22 Squadron RAAF

No.

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No. 226 Squadron RAF

No.

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North American Aviation

North American Aviation (NAA) was a major American aerospace manufacturer, responsible for a number of historic aircraft, including the T-6 Texan trainer, the P-51 Mustang fighter, the B-25 Mitchell bomber, the F-86 Sabre jet fighter, the X-15 rocket plane, and the XB-70, as well as Apollo Command and Service Module, the second stage of the Saturn V rocket, the Space Shuttle orbiter and the B-1 Lancer.

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North American B-25 Mitchell

The North American B-25 Mitchell is an American twin-engine, medium bomber manufactured by North American Aviation (NAA).

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Northrop P-61 Black Widow

The Northrop P-61 Black Widow, named for the American spider, was the first operational U.S. warplane designed as a night fighter, and the first aircraft designed to use radar.

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Operation Barbarossa

Operation Barbarossa (German: Unternehmen Barbarossa) was the code name for the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union, which started on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during World War II.

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Operation Torch

Operation Torch (8–16 November 1942, formerly Operation Gymnast) was a Anglo–American invasion of French North Africa, during the North African Campaign of the Second World War.

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Pacific Fighters

Pacific Fighters, known in Russia as Pearl Harbor (Перл-Харбор), is a World War II combat flight simulator for Microsoft Windows, released in 2004.

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Petlyakov Pe-2

The Petlyakov Pe-2 (Петляков Пе-2) was a Soviet light bomber used during World War II.

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Poly(methyl methacrylate)

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), also known as acrylic or acrylic glass as well as by the trade names Crylux, Plexiglas, Acrylite, Lucite, and Perspex among several others (see below), is a transparent thermoplastic often used in sheet form as a lightweight or shatter-resistant alternative to glass.

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Pratt & Whitney R-1830 Twin Wasp

The Pratt & Whitney R-1830 Twin Wasp is an American aircraft engine widely used in the 1930s and 1940s.

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Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Junior

The Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Junior is a series of nine-cylinder, air-cooled, radial aircraft engines built by the Pratt & Whitney Aircraft Company from the 1930s to the 1950s.

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Radial engine

The radial engine is a reciprocating type internal combustion engine configuration in which the cylinders "radiate" outward from a central crankcase like the spokes of a wheel.

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Reconnaissance aircraft

A reconnaissance aircraft is a military aircraft designed or adapted to perform aerial reconnaissance.

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Royal Air Force

The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the United Kingdom's aerial warfare force.

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Royal Australian Air Force

The Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), formed March 1921, is the aerial warfare branch of the Australian Defence Force (ADF).

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Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force

The Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force (Militaire Luchtvaart van het Koninklijk Nederlands-Indisch Leger, ML-KNIL) was the air arm of the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) from 1939 until 1950.

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Self-sealing fuel tank

Used primarily in aviation, self-sealing is a technology—in wide use since World War II—that prevents fuel tanks or bladders from leaking fuel and igniting after being damaged by enemy fire.

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ShKAS machine gun

The ShKAS (Shpitalny-Komaritski Aviatsionny Skorostrelny, Shpitalny-Komaritski rapid fire for aircraft; Russian: ШКАС - Шпитального-Комарицкого Авиационный Скорострельный) is a 7.62 mm calibre machine gun widely used by Soviet aircraft in the 1930s and during World War II.

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South Africa

South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa.

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South West Pacific theatre of World War II

The South West Pacific theatre, during World War II, was a major theatre of the war between the Allies and the Empire of Japan.

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Soviet Air Forces

The Soviet Air Forces (r (VVS), literally "Military Air Forces") was the official designation of one of the air forces of the Soviet Union.

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Soviet Naval Aviation

Soviet Naval Aviation (AV-MF, for Авиация военно-морского флота in Russian, or Aviatsiya voyenno-morskogo flota, literally "aviation of the military maritime fleet") was a part of the Soviet Navy.

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Soviet Union

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.

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Spanish Civil War

The Spanish Civil War (Guerra Civil Española),Also known as The Crusade (La Cruzada) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War (Cuarta Guerra Carlista) among Carlists, and The Rebellion (La Rebelión) or Uprising (Sublevación) among Republicans.

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Stearman XA-21

The Stearman XA-21 (Model X-100) was a competitor in a United States Army Air Corps competition for a twin-engined attack aircraft which (after redesigns) led to the Douglas A-20 Havoc, Martin A-22 Maryland and North American B-25 Mitchell.

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The Way to the Stars

The Way to the Stars is a 1945 British war drama film made by Two Cities Films.

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Tunisia

Tunisia (تونس; Berber: Tunes, ⵜⵓⵏⴻⵙ; Tunisie), officially the Republic of Tunisia, (الجمهورية التونسية) is a sovereign state in Northwest Africa, covering. Its northernmost point, Cape Angela, is the northernmost point on the African continent. It is bordered by Algeria to the west and southwest, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Tunisia's population was estimated to be just under 11.93 million in 2016. Tunisia's name is derived from its capital city, Tunis, which is located on its northeast coast. Geographically, Tunisia contains the eastern end of the Atlas Mountains, and the northern reaches of the Sahara desert. Much of the rest of the country's land is fertile soil. Its of coastline include the African conjunction of the western and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Basin and, by means of the Sicilian Strait and Sardinian Channel, feature the African mainland's second and third nearest points to Europe after Gibraltar. Tunisia is a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic. It is considered to be the only full democracy in the Arab World. It has a high human development index. It has an association agreement with the European Union; is a member of La Francophonie, the Union for the Mediterranean, the Arab Maghreb Union, the Arab League, the OIC, the Greater Arab Free Trade Area, the Community of Sahel-Saharan States, the African Union, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Group of 77; and has obtained the status of major non-NATO ally of the United States. In addition, Tunisia is also a member state of the United Nations and a state party to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Close relations with Europe in particular with France and with Italy have been forged through economic cooperation, privatisation and industrial modernization. In ancient times, Tunisia was primarily inhabited by Berbers. Phoenician immigration began in the 12th century BC; these immigrants founded Carthage. A major mercantile power and a military rival of the Roman Republic, Carthage was defeated by the Romans in 146 BC. The Romans, who would occupy Tunisia for most of the next eight hundred years, introduced Christianity and left architectural legacies like the El Djem amphitheater. After several attempts starting in 647, the Muslims conquered the whole of Tunisia by 697, followed by the Ottoman Empire between 1534 and 1574. The Ottomans held sway for over three hundred years. The French colonization of Tunisia occurred in 1881. Tunisia gained independence with Habib Bourguiba and declared the Tunisian Republic in 1957. In 2011, the Tunisian Revolution resulted in the overthrow of President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, followed by parliamentary elections. The country voted for parliament again on 26 October 2014, and for President on 23 November 2014.

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Turbinlite

The Helmore/GEC Turbinlite was a 2,700 million candela (2.7 Gcd) searchlight fitted in the nose of a number of British Douglas Havoc night fighters during the early part of the Second World War and around the time of The Blitz.

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Turbocharger

A turbocharger, or colloquially turbo, is a turbine-driven forced induction device that increases an internal combustion engine's efficiency and power output by forcing extra air into the combustion chamber.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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United States Army Air Corps

The United States Army Air Corps (USAAC) was the aerial warfare service of the United States of America between 1926 and 1941.

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United States Army Air Forces

The United States Army Air Forces (USAAF or AAF), informally known as the Air Force, was the aerial warfare service of the United States of America during and immediately after World War II (1939/41–1945), successor to the previous United States Army Air Corps and the direct predecessor of the United States Air Force of today, one of the five uniformed military services.

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United States Marine Corps

The United States Marine Corps (USMC), also referred to as the United States Marines, is a branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting amphibious operations with the United States Navy.

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Vehicle armour

Military vehicles are commonly armoured (or armored; see spelling differences) to withstand the impact of shrapnel, bullets, missiles or shells, protecting the personnel inside from enemy fire.

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Vichy France

Vichy France (Régime de Vichy) is the common name of the French State (État français) headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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World War II Online

World War II Online is a massively multiplayer online first-person shooter (MMOFPS) video game.

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Wright R-2600 Twin Cyclone

The Wright R-2600 Cyclone 14 (also called Twin Cyclone) was an American radial engine developed by Curtiss-Wright and widely used in aircraft in the 1930s and 1940s.

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915th Air Refueling Squadron

The 915th Air Refueling Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit.

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Redirects here:

A-20 Boston, A-20 Box, A-20 Havoc, A-20A, A-20A Havoc, A-20B Havoc, A-20C Havoc, A-20G Havoc, B-20 Havoc, BD Havoc, Boston Mk III, DB-7 Boston, Douglas 7, Douglas 7B, Douglas A-20, Douglas A-20 Boston, Douglas A-20A Havoc, Douglas A-20G Havoc, Douglas A-20G-10-DO Havoc, Douglas A-20G-20-DO Havoc, Douglas BD, Douglas BD Havoc, Douglas Boston, Douglas DB-7, Douglas DB-7 Boston, Douglas DB.7, Douglas F-3, Douglas F-3 Havoc, Douglas Havoc, Douglas O-53, Douglas P-70, Douglas P-70 Havoc, Douglas P-70 Nighthawk, Douglas XP-70, F-3 Havoc, F-3A Havoc, O-53 Havoc, P-70 (fighter), P-70 Havoc, P-70 Nighthawk.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_A-20_Havoc

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