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Dreyfus affair

Index Dreyfus affair

The Dreyfus affair (affaire Dreyfus) was a political scandal that divided the Third French Republic from 1894 until its resolution in 1906. [1]

Table of Contents

  1. 285 relations: Action Française, Adrien Albert Marie de Mun, Albert Clemenceau, Alessandro Panizzardi, Alfred Dreyfus, Algeria, Algiers, Alphonse Bertillon, Alsace, An Officer and a Spy, An Officer and a Spy (film), Anarchism, Anarchy, Anatole France, Anthropometry, Antisemitism, Armand du Paty de Clam, Arms race, Arthur Meyer (journalist), Auguste Mercier, Auguste Scheurer-Kestner, École militaire, École normale supérieure (Paris), École polytechnique, École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr, Édouard Drumont, Élysée Palace, Émile Combes, Émile Duclaux, Émile Durkheim, Émile Loubet, Émile Zola, Émile Zurlinden, Éric Zemmour, Île de Ré, Basel, Benny Morris, Bernard Lazare, Bibliography of the Dreyfus Affair, Brigadier general, Brussels, Caen, Cambridge University Press, Candide, Canon de 75 modèle 1897, Capital punishment in France, Caran d'Ache, Carmaux, Cashiering, Casus belli, ... Expand index (235 more) »

  2. 1894 in France
  3. 1894 in law
  4. Injustice
  5. Political scandals in France
  6. Wrongful convictions

Action Française

Action française (AF; French Action) is a French far-right monarchist political movement.

See Dreyfus affair and Action Française

Adrien Albert Marie de Mun

Adrien Albert Marie, Comte de Mun (28 February 18416 October 1914), was a French political figure, nobleman, journalist, and social reformer of the nineteenth century.

See Dreyfus affair and Adrien Albert Marie de Mun

Albert Clemenceau

Albert Clemenceau (23 February 1861 – 23 July 1955) was a French lawyer and politician.

See Dreyfus affair and Albert Clemenceau

Alessandro Panizzardi

Alessandro Panizzardi was an Italian military officer of Lieutenant colonel rank.

See Dreyfus affair and Alessandro Panizzardi

Alfred Dreyfus

Alfred Dreyfus (9 October 1859 – 12 July 1935) was a French artillery officer of Alsatian origin and Jewish ethnicity and faith.

See Dreyfus affair and Alfred Dreyfus

Algeria

Algeria, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia; to the east by Libya; to the southeast by Niger; to the southwest by Mali, Mauritania, and Western Sahara; to the west by Morocco; and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea.

See Dreyfus affair and Algeria

Algiers

Algiers (al-Jazāʾir) is the capital and largest city of Algeria, located in the north-central part of the country.

See Dreyfus affair and Algiers

Alphonse Bertillon

Alphonse Bertillon (22 April 1853 – 13 February 1914) was a French police officer and biometrics researcher who applied the anthropological technique of anthropometry to law enforcement creating an identification system based on physical measurements.

See Dreyfus affair and Alphonse Bertillon

Alsace

Alsace (Low Alemannic German/Alsatian: Elsàss ˈɛlsɑs; German: Elsass (German spelling before 1996: Elsaß.) ˈɛlzas ⓘ; Latin: Alsatia) is a cultural region and a territorial collectivity in eastern France, on the west bank of the upper Rhine next to Germany and Switzerland.

See Dreyfus affair and Alsace

An Officer and a Spy

An Officer and a Spy is a 2013 historical fiction thriller by the English writer and journalist Robert Harris.

See Dreyfus affair and An Officer and a Spy

An Officer and a Spy (film)

An Officer and a Spy (J'accuse) is a 2019 historical drama film directed by Roman Polanski about the Dreyfus affair, with a screenplay by Polanski and Robert Harris based on Harris's 2013 novel of the same name.

See Dreyfus affair and An Officer and a Spy (film)

Anarchism

Anarchism is a political philosophy and movement that is against all forms of authority and seeks to abolish the institutions it claims maintain unnecessary coercion and hierarchy, typically including the state and capitalism.

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Anarchy

Anarchy is a form of society without rulers.

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Anatole France

italic (born italic,; 16 April 1844 – 12 October 1924) was a French poet, journalist, and novelist with several best-sellers.

See Dreyfus affair and Anatole France

Anthropometry

Anthropometry refers to the measurement of the human individual.

See Dreyfus affair and Anthropometry

Antisemitism

Antisemitism (also spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism) is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against, Jews.

See Dreyfus affair and Antisemitism

Armand du Paty de Clam

Charles Armand Auguste Ferdinand Mercier du Paty de Clam (21 February 1853 – 3 September 1916) was a French army officer, an amateur graphologist, and a key figure in the Dreyfus affair.

See Dreyfus affair and Armand du Paty de Clam

Arms race

An arms race occurs when two or more groups compete in military superiority.

See Dreyfus affair and Arms race

Arthur Meyer (journalist)

Arthur Meyer (1844 – 1924) was a French press baron.

See Dreyfus affair and Arthur Meyer (journalist)

Auguste Mercier

Auguste Mercier (8 December 1833 – 3 March 1921) was a French general and Minister of War at the time of the Dreyfus Affair.

See Dreyfus affair and Auguste Mercier

Auguste Scheurer-Kestner

Auguste Scheurer-Kestner (11 February 1833 in Mulhouse (Haut Rhin) – 19 September 1899 in Bagnères-de-Luchon (Haute Garonne)) was a chemist, industrialist, a Protestant and an Alsatian politician.

See Dreyfus affair and Auguste Scheurer-Kestner

École militaire

The École militaire ("military school") is a complex of buildings in Paris, France, which house various military training facilities.

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École normale supérieure (Paris)

The – PSL (also known as ENS,, Ulm or ENS Paris) is a grande école in Paris, France.

See Dreyfus affair and École normale supérieure (Paris)

École polytechnique

(also known as Polytechnique or l'X) is a grande école located in Palaiseau, France.

See Dreyfus affair and École polytechnique

École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr

The École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr (ESM, literally the "Special Military School of Saint-Cyr") is a French military academy, and is often referred to as Saint-Cyr.

See Dreyfus affair and École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr

Édouard Drumont

Édouard Adolphe Drumont (3 May 1844 – 5 February 1917) was a French antisemitic journalist, author and politician.

See Dreyfus affair and Édouard Drumont

Élysée Palace

The Élysée Palace (Palais de l'Élysée) is the official residence of the President of the French Republic in Paris.

See Dreyfus affair and Élysée Palace

Émile Combes

Émile Justin Louis Combes (6 September 183525 May 1921) was a French politician and freemason who led the Lefts Bloc (French: ''Bloc des gauches'') cabinet from June 1902 to January 1905.

See Dreyfus affair and Émile Combes

Émile Duclaux

Émile Duclaux (24 June 1840 – May 2, 1904) was a French microbiologist and chemist born in Aurillac, Cantal.

See Dreyfus affair and Émile Duclaux

Émile Durkheim

David Émile Durkheim (or; 15 April 1858 – 15 November 1917), professionally known simply as Émile Durkheim, was a French sociologist.

See Dreyfus affair and Émile Durkheim

Émile Loubet

Émile François Loubet (30 December 183820 December 1929) was the 45th Prime Minister of France from February to December 1892 and later President of France from 1899 to 1906.

See Dreyfus affair and Émile Loubet

Émile Zola

Émile Édouard Charles Antoine Zola (also,; 2 April 184029 September 1902) was a French novelist, journalist, playwright, the best-known practitioner of the literary school of naturalism, and an important contributor to the development of theatrical naturalism.

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Émile Zurlinden

Émile Auguste François Thomas Zurlinden (3 November 1837 in Colmar, Haut-Rhin – 9 March 1929) was French Minister of War between 28 January 1895 and 1 November 1895 and again between 5 September 1898 and 17 September 1898 when he succeeded Godefroy Cavaignac.

See Dreyfus affair and Émile Zurlinden

Éric Zemmour

Éric Zemmour (born 31 August 1958) is a French far-right politician, essayist, writer and former political journalist and pundit.

See Dreyfus affair and Éric Zemmour

Île de Ré

Île de Ré (variously spelled Rhé or Rhéa; Poitevin: ile de Rét; Isle of Ré) is an island off the Atlantic coast of France near La Rochelle, Charente-Maritime, on the northern side of the Pertuis d'Antioche strait.

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Basel

Basel, also known as Basle,Bâle; Basilea; Basileia; other Basilea.

See Dreyfus affair and Basel

Benny Morris

Benny Morris (בני מוריס; born 8 December 1948) is an Israeli historian.

See Dreyfus affair and Benny Morris

Bernard Lazare

Bernard Lazare (14 June 1865, Nîmes – 1 September 1903, Paris) was a French literary critic, political journalist, polemicist, and anarchist.

See Dreyfus affair and Bernard Lazare

Bibliography of the Dreyfus Affair

This is a bibliography of works on the Dreyfus Affair. Dreyfus affair and bibliography of the Dreyfus Affair are political scandals in France.

See Dreyfus affair and Bibliography of the Dreyfus Affair

Brigadier general

Brigadier general or brigade general is a military rank used in many countries.

See Dreyfus affair and Brigadier general

Brussels

Brussels (Bruxelles,; Brussel), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (Région de Bruxelles-Capitale; Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest), is a region of Belgium comprising 19 municipalities, including the City of Brussels, which is the capital of Belgium.

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Caen

Caen (Kaem) is a commune inland from the northwestern coast of France.

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Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.

See Dreyfus affair and Cambridge University Press

Candide

Candide, ou l'Optimisme is a French satire written by Voltaire, a philosopher of the Age of Enlightenment, first published in 1759.

See Dreyfus affair and Candide

Canon de 75 modèle 1897

The French 75 mm field gun is a quick-firing field artillery piece adopted in March 1898.

See Dreyfus affair and Canon de 75 modèle 1897

Capital punishment in France

Capital punishment in France (peine de mort en France) is banned by Article 66-1 of the Constitution of the French Republic, voted as a constitutional amendment by the Congress of the French Parliament on 19 February 2007 and simply stating "No one can be sentenced to the death penalty" (Nul ne peut être condamné à la peine de mort).

See Dreyfus affair and Capital punishment in France

Caran d'Ache

Caran d'Ache was the pseudonym of the 19th century Russian-French satirist and political cartoonist Emmanuel Poiré (6 November 1858 – 25 February 1909).

See Dreyfus affair and Caran d'Ache

Carmaux

Carmaux (Carmauç) is a commune in the Tarn department in southern France.

See Dreyfus affair and Carmaux

Cashiering

Cashiering (or degradation ceremony), generally within military forces, is a ritual dismissal of an individual from some position of responsibility for a breach of discipline.

See Dreyfus affair and Cashiering

Casus belli

A casus belli is an act or an event that either provokes or is used to justify a war.

See Dreyfus affair and Casus belli

Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.

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Chamber of Deputies

The chamber of deputies is the lower house in many bicameral legislatures and the sole house in some unicameral legislatures.

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Chamber of Deputies (France)

Chamber of Deputies (Chambre des députés) was a parliamentary body in France in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

See Dreyfus affair and Chamber of Deputies (France)

Charles Andler

Charles Philippe Théodore Andler (11 March 1866, Strasbourg – 1 April 1933, Malesherbes, Loiret) was a French Germanist and philosopher.

See Dreyfus affair and Charles Andler

Charles Chanoine

Charles Sulpice Jules Chanoine (18 December 1835, Dijon, Côte-d'Or – 9 January 1915) was a French military officer who led the first French mission sent to Japan, between 1867 and 1868, and later served as Minister of War under the Third Republic.

See Dreyfus affair and Charles Chanoine

Charles Dupuy

Charles Alexandre Dupuy (5 November 1851 – 23 July 1923) was a French statesman, three times prime minister.

See Dreyfus affair and Charles Dupuy

Charles Hernu

Eugène Charles Hernu (3 July 1923 – 17 January 1990) was a French socialist politician.

See Dreyfus affair and Charles Hernu

Charles Maurras

Charles-Marie-Photius Maurras (20 April 1868 – 16 November 1952) was a French author, politician, poet, and critic.

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Charles Péguy

Charles Pierre Péguy (7 January 1873 – 5 September 1914) was a French poet, essayist, and editor.

See Dreyfus affair and Charles Péguy

Charles Russell, Baron Russell of Killowen

Charles Arthur Russell, Baron Russell of Killowen, (10 November 1832 – 10 August 1900) was an Irish statesman of the 19th century, and Lord Chief Justice of England.

See Dreyfus affair and Charles Russell, Baron Russell of Killowen

Charles-Arthur Gonse

Major General Charles-Arthur Gonse (19 September 1838, Paris – 18 December 1917, Cormeilles-en-Parisis), was Deputy Chief of Staff under the authority of General Raoul Le Mouton de Boisdeffre during the Dreyfus affair.

See Dreyfus affair and Charles-Arthur Gonse

Chemin des Dames

In France, the Chemin des Dames (literally, the "ladies' path") is part of the route départementale (local road) D18 and runs east and west in the Aisne department, between in the west, the Route Nationale 2 (Laon to Soissons), and in the east, the D1044 at Corbeny.

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Cherche-Midi prison

The Cherche-Midi prison was a French military prison located in Paris, France.

See Dreyfus affair and Cherche-Midi prison

Claude Monet

Oscar-Claude Monet (14 November 1840 – 5 December 1926) was a French painter and founder of impressionism painting who is seen as a key precursor to modernism, especially in his attempts to paint nature as he perceived it.

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Clericalism

Clericalism is the application of the formal, church-based leadership or opinion of ordained clergy in matters of the church or in broader political and sociocultural contexts.

See Dreyfus affair and Clericalism

Confession (law)

In the law of criminal evidence, a confession is a statement by a suspect in crime which is adverse to that person.

See Dreyfus affair and Confession (law)

Cour d'assises

In France, a cour d'assises, or Court of Assizes or Assize Court, is a criminal trial court with original and appellate limited jurisdiction to hear cases involving defendants accused of felonies, meaning crimes as defined in French law.

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Court of Cassation (France)

The Court of Cassation (Cour de cassation) is the supreme court for civil and criminal cases in France.

See Dreyfus affair and Court of Cassation (France)

Criminology

Criminology (from Latin crimen, "accusation", and Ancient Greek -λογία, -logia, from λόγος logos meaning: "word, reason") is the interdisciplinary study of crime and deviant behaviour.

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Croix de Guerre

The Croix de Guerre (Cross of War) is a military decoration of France.

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Dagbladet

(The Daily Magazine) is one of Norway's largest newspapers and is published in the tabloid format.

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Daniel Halévy

Daniel Halévy (12 December 1872 – 4 February 1962) was a French historian.

See Dreyfus affair and Daniel Halévy

Der Judenstaat

(German,, commonly rendered as The Jewish State) is a pamphlet written by Theodor Herzl and published in February 1896 in Leipzig and Vienna by M. Breitenstein's Verlags-Buchhandlung.

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Devil's Island

The penal colony of Cayenne (French: Bagne de Cayenne), commonly known as Devil's Island (Île du Diable), was a French penal colony that operated for 100 years, from 1852 to 1952, and officially closed in 1953, in the Salvation Islands of French Guiana.

See Dreyfus affair and Devil's Island

Edgar Demange

Edgar Demange (April 22, 1841 in Versailles – February 1925 in Paris) was a French jurist.

See Dreyfus affair and Edgar Demange

Editorial

An editorial, or leading article (UK) or leader (UK), is an article written by the senior editorial people or publisher of a newspaper, magazine, or any other written document, often unsigned.

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Edvard Grieg

Edvard Hagerup Grieg (15 June 18434 September 1907) was a Norwegian composer and pianist.

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Emmanuel Macron

Emmanuel Jean-Michel Frédéric Macron (born 21 December 1977) is a French politician who has been serving as the 25th president of France since 2017 and ex officio one of the two Co-Princes of Andorra.

See Dreyfus affair and Emmanuel Macron

England

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

See Dreyfus affair and England

Espionage

Espionage, spying, or intelligence gathering is the act of obtaining secret or confidential information (intelligence).

See Dreyfus affair and Espionage

Exoneration

Exoneration occurs when the conviction for a crime is reversed, either through demonstration of innocence, a flaw in the conviction, or otherwise. Dreyfus affair and Exoneration are Wrongful convictions.

See Dreyfus affair and Exoneration

Exposition Universelle (1900)

The Exposition Universelle of 1900, better known in English as the 1900 Paris Exposition, was a world's fair held in Paris, France, from 14 April to 12 November 1900, to celebrate the achievements of the past century and to accelerate development into the next.

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Extermination camp

Nazi Germany used six extermination camps (Vernichtungslager), also called death camps (Todeslager), or killing centers (Tötungszentren), in Central Europe during World War II to systematically murder over 2.7 million peoplemostly Jewsin the Holocaust.

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Félix Faure

Félix François Faure (30 January 1841 – 16 February 1899) was the president of France from 1895 until his death in 1899.

See Dreyfus affair and Félix Faure

Félix Fénéon

Félix Fénéon (22 June 1861 – 29 February 1944) was a French art critic, gallery director, writer and anarchist during the late 19th century and early 20th century.

See Dreyfus affair and Félix Fénéon

Ferdinand Brunetière

Ferdinand Vincent-de-Paul Marie Brunetière (19 July 1849 – 9 December 1906) was a French writer and critic.

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Ferdinand Walsin Esterhazy

Charles Marie Ferdinand Walsin Esterhazy (16 December 1847 – 21 May 1923) was an officer in the French Army from 1870 to 1898.

See Dreyfus affair and Ferdinand Walsin Esterhazy

Fernand Gregh

Fernand Gregh (14 October 1873, Paris – 5 January 1960, Paris) was a French poet and literary critic.

See Dreyfus affair and Fernand Gregh

Fernand Labori

Fernand-Gustave-Gaston Labori (April 18, 1860 – March 14, 1917) was a French attorney.

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First Zionist Congress

The First Zionist Congress (הקונגרס הציוני הראשון) was the inaugural congress of the Zionist Organization (ZO) held in the Stadtcasino Basel in the city of Basel on August 29–31, 1897.

See Dreyfus affair and First Zionist Congress

Fort Mont-Valérien

Fort Mont-Valérien (French: Forteresse du Mont-Valérien) is a fortress in Suresnes, a western Paris suburb, built in 1841 as part of the city's ring of modern fortifications.

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Fort Neuf de Vincennes

The Fort Neuf de Vincennes ("New Vincennes Fort") is a fortification built on the grounds of the Château de Vincennes, on the east side of Paris.

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Fourth Estate

The term Fourth Estate or fourth power refers to the press and news media both in explicit capacity of advocacy and implicit ability to frame political issues.

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François Mitterrand

François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand (26 October 19168 January 1996) was a French politician who served as President of France from 1981 to 1995, the longest holder of that position in the history of France.

See Dreyfus affair and François Mitterrand

François Simiand

François Joseph Charles Simiand (18 April 1873 – 13 April 1935) was a French sociologist and economist best known as a participant in the Année Sociologique.

See Dreyfus affair and François Simiand

Franco-Prussian War

The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the War of 1870, was a conflict between the Second French Empire and the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia.

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Franco-Russian Alliance

The Franco-Russian Alliance (Alliance Franco-Russe, translit), also known as the Dual Entente or Russo-French Rapprochement (Rapprochement Franco-Russe, Русско-Французское Сближение; Russko-Frantsuzskoye Sblizheniye), was an alliance formed by the agreements of 1891–94; it lasted until 1917.

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French Army

The French Army, officially known as the Land Army (Armée de terre), is the principal land warfare force of France, and the largest component of the French Armed Forces; it is responsible to the Government of France, alongside the French Navy, French Air and Space Force, and the National Gendarmerie.

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French Constitution of 1848

The Constitution of 1848 is the constitution passed in France on 4 November 1848 by the National Assembly, the constituent body of the Second French Republic.

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French Guiana

French Guiana (or; Guyane,; Lagwiyann or Gwiyann) is an overseas department and region of France located on the northern coast of South America in the Guianas and the West Indies.

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French nationalism

French nationalism usually manifests as civic or cultural nationalism, promoting the cultural unity of France.

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French protectorate of Tunisia

The French protectorate of Tunisia (Protectorat français de Tunisie; الحماية الفرنسية في تونس), officially the Regency of Tunis (Régence de Tunis) and commonly referred to as simply French Tunisia, was established in 1881, during the French colonial empire era, and lasted until Tunisian independence in 1956.

See Dreyfus affair and French protectorate of Tunisia

French Section of the Workers' International

The French Section of the Workers' International (Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière, SFIO) was a political party in France that was founded in 1905 and succeeded in 1969 by the modern-day Socialist Party.

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French Socialist Party (1902)

The French Socialist Party (Parti socialiste français, PSF) was a socialist political party founded in 1902.

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French Third Republic

The French Third Republic (Troisième République, sometimes written as La IIIe République) was the system of government adopted in France from 4 September 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War, until 10 July 1940, after the Fall of France during World War II led to the formation of the Vichy government.

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Gabriel Hanotaux

Albert Auguste Gabriel Hanotaux, known as Gabriel Hanotaux (19 November 1853 – 11 April 1944) was a French statesman and historian who was France's Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1894 to 1895 and 1896 to 1898.

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Gabriel Monod

Gabriel Monod (7 March 1844 – 10 April 1912) was a French historian, the nephew of Adolphe Monod.

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Gaston, Marquis de Galliffet

Gaston Alexandre Auguste, Marquis de Galliffet, Prince de Martigues (Paris, 23 January 1830 – 8 July 1909), was a French general, best known for having taken part in the repression of the 1871 Paris Commune.

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Général

Général is the French word for general.

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Geoffrey Bles

David Geoffrey Bles (1886–1957) was a British publisher, with a reputation for spotting new talent.

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George Whyte

George R. Whyte (born 11 July 1933 in Budapest; died 31 August 2012 in London) was an author, composer, dramatist and art collector.

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Georges Clemenceau

Georges Benjamin Clemenceau (also,; 28 September 1841 – 24 November 1929) was a French statesman who served as Prime Minister of France from 1906 to 1909 and again from 1917 until 1920.

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Georges Courteline

Georges Courteline born Georges Victor Marcel Moinaux (25 June 1858 – 25 June 1929) was a French dramatist and novelist, a satirist notable for his sharp wit and cynical humor.

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Georges Ernest Boulanger

Georges Ernest Jean-Marie Boulanger (29 April 1837 – 30 September 1891), nicknamed Général Revanche ("General Revenge"), was a French general and politician.

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Georges Picquart

Marie-Georges Picquart (6 September 1854 – 19 January 1914) was a French Army officer and Minister of War.

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Georges Sorel

Georges Eugène Sorel (2 November 1847 – 29 August 1922) was a French social thinker, political theorist, historian, and later journalist.

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Georges-Gabriel de Pellieux

George Gabriel de Pellieux (6 September 1842 – 15 July 1900) was a French army officer who was best known for ignoring evidence during the Dreyfus affair, a scandal in which a Jewish officer was convicted of treason on the basis of a forgery.

See Dreyfus affair and Georges-Gabriel de Pellieux

German Empire

The German Empire, also referred to as Imperial Germany, the Second Reich or simply Germany, was the period of the German Reich from the unification of Germany in 1871 until the November Revolution in 1918, when the German Reich changed its form of government from a monarchy to a republic.

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Graphology

Graphology is the analysis of handwriting in an attempt to determine the writer's personality traits.

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Hannah Arendt

Hannah Arendt (born Johanna Arendt; 14 October 1906 – 4 December 1975) was a German-American historian and philosopher.

See Dreyfus affair and Hannah Arendt

Henri Brisson

Eugène Henri Brisson (31 July 1835 – 14 April 1912) was a French statesman, Prime Minister of France for a period in 1885-1886 and again in 1898.

See Dreyfus affair and Henri Brisson

Henri Giscard d'Estaing

Henri Marie Edmond Valéry Giscard d'Estaing (born 17 October 1956) is a French businessman and son of former French President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing.

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Henri Poincaré

Jules Henri Poincaré (29 April 185417 July 1912) was a French mathematician, theoretical physicist, engineer, and philosopher of science.

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Henry Ossian Flipper

Henry Ossian Flipper (March 21, 1856 – April 26, 1940) was an American soldier, engineer, former slave and in 1877, the first African American to graduate from the United States Military Academy at West Point, earning a commission as a second lieutenant in the United States Army.

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Herzl Museum

The Herzl Museum is a museum in Jerusalem, which deals with activities and vision of Theodor Herzl.

See Dreyfus affair and Herzl Museum

Hilsner affair

The Hilsner affair (also known as the Hilsner trial, Hilsner case or Polná affair) was a series of anti-semitic trials following an accusation of blood libel against Leopold Hilsner, a Jewish inhabitant of the town of Polná in Bohemia, Austria-Hungary in 1899 and 1900.

See Dreyfus affair and Hilsner affair

History of the Jews in Alsace

The history of the Jews in Alsace is one of the oldest in Europe.

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History of the Jews in Austria

The history of the Jews in Austria probably begins with the exodus of Jews from Judea under Roman occupation.

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Hubert-Joseph Henry

Hubert-Joseph Henry (2 June 1846 – 31 August 1898) was a French Lieutenant-Colonel in 1897 involved in the Dreyfus affair.

See Dreyfus affair and Hubert-Joseph Henry

Human Rights League (France)

The Human Rights League (Ligue des droits de l’homme or LDH) of France is a Human Rights NGO association to observe, defend and promulgate human rights within the French Republic in all spheres of public life.

See Dreyfus affair and Human Rights League (France)

Hypnosis

Hypnosis is a human condition involving focused attention (the selective attention/selective inattention hypothesis, SASI), reduced peripheral awareness, and an enhanced capacity to respond to suggestion.

See Dreyfus affair and Hypnosis

In camera

In camera (Latin: "in a chamber").

See Dreyfus affair and In camera

Intellectual

An intellectual is a person who engages in critical thinking, research, and reflection about the reality of society, and who proposes solutions for its normative problems.

See Dreyfus affair and Intellectual

J'Accuse...!

"J'Accuse...!" ("I Accuse...!") is an open letter, written by Émile Zola in response to the events of the Dreyfus affair, that was published on 13 January 1898 in the newspaper L'Aurore.

See Dreyfus affair and J'Accuse...!

Jacques Chirac

Jacques René Chirac (29 November 193226 September 2019) was a French politician who served as President of France from 1995 to 2007.

See Dreyfus affair and Jacques Chirac

Jacques Marie Eugène Godefroy Cavaignac

Jacques Marie Eugène Godefroy Cavaignac (May 21, 1853 – September 25, 1905), known as Godefroy Cavaignac, was a French politician.

See Dreyfus affair and Jacques Marie Eugène Godefroy Cavaignac

Jean Casimir-Perier

Jean Paul Pierre Casimir-Perier (8 November 1847 – 11 March 1907) was a French politician who served as President of France for six months in 1894-1895.

See Dreyfus affair and Jean Casimir-Perier

Jean Jaurès

Auguste Marie Joseph Jean Léon Jaurès (3 September 185931 July 1914), commonly referred to as Jean Jaurès (Joan Jaurés), was a French socialist leader.

See Dreyfus affair and Jean Jaurès

Jean Sandherr

Colonel Nicolas Jean Robert Conrad Auguste Sandherr (6 June 1846 – 24 May 1897) was a French military officer involved in the Dreyfus Affair.

See Dreyfus affair and Jean Sandherr

Jean-Baptiste Billot

Jean-Baptiste Billot (15 August 1828, Chaumeil, Corrèze – 31 May 1907, Paris) was a French general and politician.

See Dreyfus affair and Jean-Baptiste Billot

Jean-Denis Bredin

Jean-Denis Bredin (born Jean-Denis Hirsch: 17 May 1929 – 1 September 2021) was a French attorney and founding partner of the firm Bredin Prat.

See Dreyfus affair and Jean-Denis Bredin

Jean-Marie Le Pen

Jean Louis Marie Le Pen (born 20 June 1928), known as Jean-Marie Le Pen, is a French politician who served as president of the far-right National Front from 1972 to 2011 and Honorary President of the same party from 2011 to 2015.

See Dreyfus affair and Jean-Marie Le Pen

Jewish emancipation

Jewish emancipation was the process in various nations in Europe of eliminating Jewish disabilities, e.g. Jewish quotas, to which European Jews were then subject, and the recognition of Jews as entitled to equality and citizenship rights.

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Jewish question

The Jewish question was a wide-ranging debate in 19th- and 20th-century Europe that pertained to the appropriate status and treatment of Jews.

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Jewish state

In world politics, Jewish state is a characterization of Israel as the nation-state and sovereign homeland of the Jewish people.

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Joseph Reinach

Joseph Reinach (30 September 1856 – 18 April 1921) was a French author and politician.

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Jules Ferry

Jules François Camille Ferry (5 April 183217 March 1893) was a French statesman and republican philosopher.

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Jules Guérin

Jules Guérin (14 September 1860 – 10 February 1910) was a French journalist and anti-Semitic activist.

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Jules Méline

Félix Jules Méline (20 May 183821 December 1925) was a French statesman, Prime Minister of France from 1896 to 1898.

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Jules Renard

Pierre-Jules Renard (22 February 1864 – 22 May 1910) was a French author and member of the Académie Goncourt, most famous for the works Poil de carotte (Carrot Top, 1894) and Les Histoires Naturelles (Nature Stories, 1896).

See Dreyfus affair and Jules Renard

Kingdom of Italy

The Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia) was a state that existed from 17 March 1861, when Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy, until 10 June 1946, when the monarchy was abolished, following civil discontent that led to an institutional referendum on 2 June 1946.

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L'Aurore

paren) was a literary, liberal, and socialist newspaper published in Paris, France, from 1897 to 1914. Its most famous headline was Émile Zola's J'accuse...! leading into his article on the Dreyfus Affair. The newspaper was published by Georges Clemenceau, who later became the Prime Minister of France.

See Dreyfus affair and L'Aurore

La Croix (newspaper)

La Croix (English: 'The Cross') is a daily French general-interest Catholic newspaper.

See Dreyfus affair and La Croix (newspaper)

La Libre Parole

La Libre Parole or La Libre Parole illustrée was a French antisemitic political newspaper founded in 1892 by journalist and polemicist Édouard Drumont.

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La Revue Blanche

La Revue blanche was a French art and literary magazine run between 1889 and 1903.

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Land of Israel

The Land of Israel is the traditional Jewish name for an area of the Southern Levant.

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Laurent Tailhade

Laurent Tailhade (1854–1919) was a French satirical poet, anarchist polemicist, essayist, and translator, active in Paris in the 1890s and early 1900s.

See Dreyfus affair and Laurent Tailhade

Law enforcement in France

Law enforcement in France is centralized at the national level.

See Dreyfus affair and Law enforcement in France

Léon Blum

André Léon Blum (9 April 1872 – 30 March 1950) was a French socialist politician and three-time Prime Minister of France.

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Léon Bourgeois

Léon Victor Auguste Bourgeois (21 May 185129 September 1925) was a French statesman.

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Le Figaro

() is a French daily morning newspaper founded in 1826.

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Le Gaulois

() was a French daily newspaper, founded in 1868 by Edmond Tarbé and Henry de Pène.

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Le Havre

Le Havre (Lé Hâvre) is a major port city in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region of northern France.

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Le Journal

Le Journal (The Journal) was a Paris daily newspaper published from 1892 to 1944 in a small, four-page format.

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Le Petit Journal (newspaper)

Le Petit Journal was a conservative daily Parisian newspaper founded by Moïse Polydore Millaud; published from 1863 to 1944.

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Le Temps

Le Temps is a Swiss French-language daily newspaper published in Berliner format in Geneva by Le Temps SA.

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Le Temps (Paris)

(The Times) was one of Paris's most important daily newspapers from 25 April 1861 to 30 November 1942.

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Legion of Honour

The National Order of the Legion of Honour (Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), formerly the Royal Order of the Legion of Honour (Ordre royal de la Légion d'honneur), is the highest French order of merit, both military and civil, and currently comprises five classes.

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Legislator

A legislator, or lawmaker, is a person who writes and passes laws, especially someone who is a member of a legislature.

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Legitimists

The Legitimists (Légitimistes) are royalists who adhere to the rights of dynastic succession to the French crown of the descendants of the eldest branch of the Bourbon dynasty, which was overthrown in the 1830 July Revolution.

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Leo Frank

Leo Max Frank (April 17, 1884August 17, 1915) was an American factory superintendent and lynching victim. Dreyfus affair and Leo Frank are Wrongful convictions.

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Les Rougon-Macquart

Les Rougon-Macquart is the collective title given to a cycle of twenty novels by French writer Émile Zola.

See Dreyfus affair and Les Rougon-Macquart

Libération (newspaper, 1941–1964)

was a French newspaper published between 1941 and 1964.

See Dreyfus affair and Libération (newspaper, 1941–1964)

Lille

Lille (Rijsel; Lile; Rysel) is a city in the northern part of France, within French Flanders.

See Dreyfus affair and Lille

List of political scandals in France

This is a list of major political scandals in France. Dreyfus affair and list of political scandals in France are political scandals in France.

See Dreyfus affair and List of political scandals in France

Lois scélérates

The lois scélérates ("villainous laws") – a pejorative name – were a set of three French laws passed from 1893 to 1894 under the Third Republic (1870–1940) that restricted the 1881 freedom of the press laws, after several bombings and assassination attempts carried out by anarchist proponents of "propaganda of the deed".

See Dreyfus affair and Lois scélérates

Longchamp Racecourse

The Longchamp Racecourse (Hippodrome de Longchamp) is a 57 hectare horse-racing facility located on the Route des Tribunes at the Bois de Boulogne in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, France.

See Dreyfus affair and Longchamp Racecourse

Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales

The Lady Chief Justice of England and Wales (alternatively Lord Chief Justice when the holder is male) is the head of the judiciary of England and Wales and the president of the courts of England and Wales.

See Dreyfus affair and Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales

Louis André

Louis André (28 March 1838, Nuits-Saint-Georges, Côte-d'Or – 18 March 1913) was France's Minister of War from 1900 until 1904.

See Dreyfus affair and Louis André

Louis Begley

Louis Begley (born Ludwik Begleiter; October 6, 1933) is a Polish-American novelist.

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Louis Lépine

Louis Jean-Baptiste Lépine (6 August 1846 – 9 November 1933) was a French lawyer, politician and administrator who was Governor General of Algeria and twice Préfet de Police with the Paris Police Prefecture from 1893 to 1897 and again from 1899 to 1913.

See Dreyfus affair and Louis Lépine

Lucien Herr

Lucien Herr (17 January 1864 – 18 May 1926) was a French intellectual, librarian at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, and mentor to a number of well-known socialist politicians and writers, including Jean Jaurès and Charles Péguy.

See Dreyfus affair and Lucien Herr

Lucien Lévy-Bruhl

Lucien Lévy-Bruhl (10 April 1857 – 13 March 1939) was a French scholar trained in philosophy who furthered anthropology with his contributions to the budding fields of sociology and ethnology.

See Dreyfus affair and Lucien Lévy-Bruhl

Ludovic Trarieux

Jacques Ludovic Trarieux (30 November 1840 in Aubeterre-sur-Dronne, Charente – 13 March 1904) was a French Republican statesman, lawyer, prominent Dreyfusard, and pioneer of international human rights.

See Dreyfus affair and Ludovic Trarieux

Marcel Proust

Valentin Louis Georges Eugène Marcel Proust (10 July 1871 – 18 November 1922) was a French novelist, literary critic, and essayist who wrote the monumental novel À la recherche du temps perdu (in French – translated in English as Remembrance of Things Past and more recently as In Search of Lost Time) which was published in seven volumes between 1913 and 1927.

See Dreyfus affair and Marcel Proust

Marquis de Morès

Marquis de Morès et de Montemaggiore (14 June 1858 – 9 June 1896) was a French duelist, frontier ranchman in the Badlands of Dakota Territory during the final years of the American Old West era, a railroad pioneer in Vietnam, and antisemitic politician in his native France.

See Dreyfus affair and Marquis de Morès

Marseille

Marseille or Marseilles (Marseille; Marselha; see below) is the prefecture of the French department of Bouches-du-Rhône and of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region.

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Marxists Internet Archive

Marxists Internet Archive (also known as MIA or Marxists.org) is a non-profit online encyclopedia that hosts a multilingual library (created in 1990) of the works of communist, anarchist, and socialist writers, such as Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Joseph Stalin, Mao Zedong, Rosa Luxemburg, Mikhail Bakunin, Peter Kropotkin and Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, as well as that of writers of related ideologies, and even unrelated ones (for instance, Sun Tzu).

See Dreyfus affair and Marxists Internet Archive

Math on Trial

Math on Trial: How Numbers Get Used and Abused in the Courtroom is a book on mathematical and statistical reasoning in legal argumentation, for a popular audience.

See Dreyfus affair and Math on Trial

Mathieu Dreyfus

Mathieu Dreyfus (2 July 1857– 23 October 1930) was an Alsatian Jewish industrialist and the older brother of Alfred Dreyfus, a French military officer falsely convicted of treason in what became known as the Dreyfus affair.

See Dreyfus affair and Mathieu Dreyfus

Maurice Barrès

Auguste-Maurice Barrès (19 August 1862 – 4 December 1923) was a French novelist, journalist, philosopher, and politician.

See Dreyfus affair and Maurice Barrès

Maurice Paléologue

Maurice Paléologue (13 January 1859 – 23 November 1944) was a French diplomat, historian, and essayist.

See Dreyfus affair and Maurice Paléologue

Maximilian von Schwartzkoppen

Maximilian Friedrich Wilhelm August Leopold von Schwartzkoppen (24 February 1850 – 8 January 1917) was a Prussian military officer.

See Dreyfus affair and Maximilian von Schwartzkoppen

Médan

Médan is a village in the Yvelines department, Île-de-France region, in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France, about 25 km from the capital.

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Menahem Mendel Beilis

Menahem Mendel Beilis (sometimes spelled Beiliss; מנחם מענדל בייליס, Менахем Мендель Бейлис; 1874 – 7 July 1934) was a Russian Jew accused of ritual murder in Kiev in the Russian Empire in a notorious 1913 trial, known as the "Beilis trial" or the "Beilis affair".

See Dreyfus affair and Menahem Mendel Beilis

Michael Burns (actor)

Michael Thornton Burns (born December 30, 1947) is an American professor emeritus of history at Mount Holyoke College, and a published author and former television and film teen actor, most known for the television series Wagon Train.

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Michel Winock

Michel Winock (born 19 March 1937) is a French historian, specializing in the history of the French Republic, intellectual movements, antisemitism, nationalism and the far right movements of France.

See Dreyfus affair and Michel Winock

Military governor of Paris

The military governor of Paris is a post within the French Army.

See Dreyfus affair and Military governor of Paris

Ministry of Armed Forces (France)

The Ministry of Armed Forces (Ministère des Armées) is the ministry of the Government of France in charge of managing the French Armed Forces inside and outside French soil.

See Dreyfus affair and Ministry of Armed Forces (France)

Miscarriage of justice

A miscarriage of justice occurs when an unfair outcome occurs in a criminal or civil proceeding, such as the conviction and punishment of a person for a crime they did not commit.

See Dreyfus affair and Miscarriage of justice

Monarchism in France

Monarchism in France is the advocacy of restoring the monarchy (mostly constitutional monarchy) in France, which was abolished after the 1870 defeat by Prussia, arguably before that in 1848 with the establishment of the French Second Republic.

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Montparnasse Cemetery

Montparnasse Cemetery (Cimetière du Montparnasse) is a cemetery in the Montparnasse quarter of Paris, in the city's 14th arrondissement.

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Moselle (department)

Moselle is the most populous department in Lorraine, in the northeast of France, and is named after the river Moselle, a tributary of the Rhine, which flows through the western part of the department.

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Mulhouse

Mulhouse (Alsatian: Mìlhüsa;, meaning "mill house") is a city of the European Collectivity of Alsace (Haut-Rhin department, in the Grand Est region of France), close to the Swiss and German borders.

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Musée d'Art et d'Histoire du Judaïsme

The Musée d'Art et d'Histoire du Judaïsme or mahJ (English: "Museum of Jewish Art and History") is the largest French museum of Jewish art and history.

See Dreyfus affair and Musée d'Art et d'Histoire du Judaïsme

Nantes

Nantes (Gallo: Naunnt or Nantt) is a city in Loire-Atlantique of France on the Loire, from the Atlantic coast.

See Dreyfus affair and Nantes

National Assembly (France)

The National Assembly (Assemblée nationale) is the lower house of the bicameral French Parliament under the Fifth Republic, the upper house being the Senate (Sénat).

See Dreyfus affair and National Assembly (France)

Neue Freie Presse

Neue Freie Presse ("New Free Press") was a Viennese newspaper founded by Adolf Werthner together with the journalists Max Friedländer and Michael Etienne on 1 September 1864 after the staff had split from the newspaper Die Presse.

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New Caledonia

New Caledonia (Nouvelle-Calédonie) is a ''sui generis'' collectivity of overseas France in the southwest Pacific Ocean, south of Vanuatu, about east of Australia, and from Metropolitan France.

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Norwegians

Norwegians (Nordmenn) are an ethnic group and nation native to Norway, where they form the vast majority of the population.

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Obusier de 120 mm C modèle 1890

The Obusier de 120 mm C modèle 1890 - was a French howitzer designed by Captain Louis Henry Auguste Baquet and employed by the French army during the First World War.

See Dreyfus affair and Obusier de 120 mm C modèle 1890

Octave Mirbeau

Octave Henri Marie Mirbeau (16 February 1848 – 16 February 1917) was a French novelist, art critic, travel writer, pamphleteer, journalist and playwright, who achieved celebrity in Europe and great success among the public, whilst still appealing to the literary and artistic avant-garde with highly transgressive novels that explored violence, abuse and psychological detachment.

See Dreyfus affair and Octave Mirbeau

Open letter

An open letter is a letter that is intended to be read by a wide audience, or a letter intended for an individual, but that is nonetheless widely distributed intentionally.

See Dreyfus affair and Open letter

Orléanist

Orléanist (Orléaniste) was a 19th-century French political label originally used by those who supported a constitutional monarchy expressed by the House of Orléans.

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Oscar Wilde

Oscar Fingal O'Fflahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 185430 November 1900) was an Irish poet and playwright.

See Dreyfus affair and Oscar Wilde

Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.

See Dreyfus affair and Oxford University Press

Pale of Settlement

The Pale of Settlement was a western region of the Russian Empire with varying borders that existed from 1791 to 1917 (de facto until 1915) in which permanent residency by Jews was allowed and beyond which Jewish residency, permanent or temporary, was mostly forbidden.

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Panama scandals

The Panama scandals (also known as the Panama Canal Scandal or Panama Affair) was a corruption affair that broke out in the French Third Republic in 1892, linked to a French company's failed attempt at constructing a Panama Canal. Dreyfus affair and Panama scandals are political scandals in France.

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Panthéon

The Panthéon (from the Classical Greek word πάνθειον,, ' to all the gods') is a monument in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France.

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Paris

Paris is the capital and largest city of France.

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Paschal Grousset

Jean François Paschal Grousset (7 April 1844, in Corte – 9 April 1909, in Paris) was a French politician, journalist, translator and science fiction writer.

See Dreyfus affair and Paschal Grousset

Paul Adolphe Marie Prosper Granier de Cassagnac

Paul Adolphe Marie Prosper Granier de Cassagnac (2 January 1843, Paris 4 November 1904, Saint-Viâtre) was the son of Adolphe Granier de Cassagnac and Rosa de Beaupin de Beauvalon, and while still young associated with his father in both politics and journalism.

See Dreyfus affair and Paul Adolphe Marie Prosper Granier de Cassagnac

Paul Déroulède

Paul Déroulède (2 September 1846 – 30 January 1914) was a French author and politician, one of the founders of the nationalist League of Patriots.

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Paul Léautaud

Paul Léautaud (18 January 1872 – 22 February 1956) was a French writer and theater critic for Mercure de France, signing his often caustic reviews with the pseudonym Maurice Boissard.

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Paul Valéry

Ambroise Paul Toussaint Jules Valéry (30 October 1871 – 20 July 1945) was a French poet, essayist, and philosopher.

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Paul Viollet

Paul Marie Viollet (24 October 1840 in Tours, France – 22 November 1914 in Paris) was a French historian.

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Penal colony

A penal colony or exile colony is a settlement used to exile prisoners and separate them from the general population by placing them in a remote location, often an island or distant colonial territory.

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Philippe Pétain

Henri Philippe Bénoni Omer Joseph Pétain (24 April 1856 – 23 July 1951), better known as Philippe Pétain and Marshal Pétain (Maréchal Pétain), was a French general who commanded the French Army in World War I and later became the head of the collaborationist regime of Vichy France, from 1940 to 1944, during World War II.

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Picric acid

Picric acid is an organic compound with the formula (O2N)3C6H2OH.

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Pierre Birnbaum

Pierre Birnbaum (1940, Lourdes) is a French historian and sociologist.

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Pierre Louÿs

Pierre-Félix Louÿs (10 December 1870 – 4 June 1925) was a Belgian poet and writer, most renowned for lesbian and classical themes in some of his writings.

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Pierre Milza

Pierre Milza (16 April 193228 February 2018) was a French historian.

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Pierre Napoléon Bonaparte

Prince Pierre-Napoléon Bonaparte (11 October 1815 – 7 April 1881) was a French nobleman, revolutionary and politician, the son of Lucien Bonaparte and his second wife Alexandrine de Bleschamp.

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Pierre Quillard

Pierre Quillard (14 July 18644 February 1912) was a French symbolist poet, playwright, literary critic, philosopher, Hellenist translator, and journalist.

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Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau

Pierre Marie René Ernest Waldeck-Rousseau (2 December 184610 August 1904) was a French Republican politician who served for three years as the Prime Minister of France.

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Piers Paul Read

Piers Paul Read FRSL (born 7 March 1941) is a British novelist, historian and biographer.

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Place de la Concorde

The Place de la Concorde is one of the major public squares in Paris, France.

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Political crime

In criminology, a political crime or political offence is an offence that prejudices the interests of the state or its government.

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Princeton University Press

Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University.

See Dreyfus affair and Princeton University Press

Prison

A prison, also known as a jail, gaol, penitentiary, detention center, correction center, correctional facility, remand center, hoosegow, or slammer is a facility where people are imprisoned against their will and denied their liberty under the authority of the state, generally as punishment for various crimes.

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Protestantism

Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes justification of sinners through faith alone, the teaching that salvation comes by unmerited divine grace, the priesthood of all believers, and the Bible as the sole infallible source of authority for Christian faith and practice.

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Quiberon Bay

Quiberon Bay (Baie de Quiberon,; Bae Kiberen) is an area of sheltered water on the south coast of Brittany.

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Rachel Beer

Rachel Beer (née Sassoon; 7 April 1858 – 29 April 1927) was an Indian-born British newspaper editor.

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Radical Party (France)

The Radical Party (Parti radical), officially the Republican, Radical and Radical-Socialist Party (Parti républicain, radical et radical-socialiste), is a liberal and social-liberal political party in France.

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Raoul Le Mouton de Boisdeffre

Raoul François Charles Le Mouton de Boisdeffre, or more commonly Raoul de Boisdeffre (6 February 1839, Alençon – 24 August 1919, Paris) was a French Army general.

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Raymond Poincaré

Raymond Nicolas Landry Poincaré (20 August 1860 – 15 October 1934) was a French statesman who served as President of France from 1913 to 1920, and three times as Prime Minister of France.

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Rennes

Rennes (Roazhon; Gallo: Resnn) is a city in the east of Brittany in northwestern France at the confluence of the rivers Ille and Vilaine.

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Res judicata

Res judicata or res iudicata, also known as claim preclusion, is the Latin term for judged matter, and refers to either of two concepts in common law civil procedure: a case in which there has been a final judgment and that is no longer subject to appeal; and the legal doctrine meant to bar (or preclude) relitigation of a claim between the same parties.

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Robert Harris (novelist)

Robert Dennis Harris (born 7 March 1957) is a British novelist and former journalist.

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Roger Martin du Gard

Roger Martin du Gard (23 March 1881 – 22 August 1958) was a French novelist, winner of the 1937 Nobel Prize in Literature.

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Russian Empire

The Russian Empire was a vast empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its proclamation in November 1721 until its dissolution in March 1917.

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Sadi Carnot (statesman)

Marie François Sadi Carnot (11 August 1837 – 25 June 1894) was a French statesman, who served as the President of France from 1887 until his assassination in 1894.

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Saint-Pol-Roux

Paul-Pierre Roux, called Saint-Pol-Roux (15 January 1861, quartier de Saint-Henry, Marseille - 18 October 1940, Brest) was a French Symbolist poet.

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Salvation Islands

The Salvation Islands (French: Îles du Salut, so called because the missionaries went there to escape plague on the mainland), sometimes mistakenly called the Safety Islands, are a group of small islands of volcanic origin about off the coast of French Guiana, north of Kourou, in the Atlantic Ocean.

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Sarah Bernhardt

Sarah Bernhardt (born Henriette-Rosine Bernard; 22 October 1844 – 26 March 1923) was a French stage actress who starred in some of the most popular French plays of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including by Alexandre Dumas ''fils'', Ruy Blas by Victor Hugo, Fédora and La Tosca by Victorien Sardou, and L'Aiglon by Edmond Rostand.

See Dreyfus affair and Sarah Bernhardt

Sébastien Faure

Sébastien Faure (6 January 1858 – 14 July 1942) was a French anarchist, convicted sex offender, freethought and secularist activist and a principal proponent of synthesis anarchism.

See Dreyfus affair and Sébastien Faure

Secular humanism

Secular humanism is a philosophy, belief system, or life stance that embraces human reason, logic, secular ethics, and philosophical naturalism, while specifically rejecting religious dogma, supernaturalism, and superstition as the basis of morality and decision-making.

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Sensationalism

In journalism and mass media, sensationalism is a type of editorial tactic.

See Dreyfus affair and Sensationalism

Service de documentation extérieure et de contre-espionnage

The (External Documentation and Counter-Espionage Service), abbreviated SDECE, was France's external intelligence agency from 6 November 1944 to 2 April 1982, when it was replaced by the Directorate-General for External Security (DGSE).

See Dreyfus affair and Service de documentation extérieure et de contre-espionnage

Shorthand

Shorthand is an abbreviated symbolic writing method that increases speed and brevity of writing as compared to longhand, a more common method of writing a language.

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Socialist Party of France (1902)

The Socialist Party of France (Parti socialiste de France) was a socialist political party.

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Staff (military)

A military staff or general staff (also referred to as army staff, navy staff, or air staff within the individual services) is a group of officers, enlisted and civilian staff who serve the commander of a division or other large military unit in their command and control role through planning, analysis, and information gathering, as well as by relaying, coordinating, and supervising the execution of their plans and orders, especially in case of multiple simultaneous and rapidly changing complex operations.

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Stéphane Mallarmé

Stéphane Mallarmé (18 March 1842 – 9 September 1898), pen name of Étienne Mallarmé, was a French poet and critic.

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Stephen Wilson (historian)

Stephen Wilson (born 1941Saints and Their Cults: Studies in Religious Sociology, Folklore and History, Notes on contributors) is an English historian.

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The Dreyfus Affair (film series)

The Dreyfus Affair (L'affaire Dreyfus), also known as Dreyfus Court-Martial, is an 1899 series of eleven short silent films by Georges Méliès.

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The Jewish Encyclopedia

The Jewish Encyclopedia: A Descriptive Record of the History, Religion, Literature, and Customs of the Jewish People from the Earliest Times to the Present Day is an English-language encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on the history, culture, and state of Judaism up to the early 20th century.

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The Observer

The Observer is a British newspaper published on Sundays.

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The Sunday Times

The Sunday Times is a British Sunday newspaper whose circulation makes it the largest in Britain's quality press market category.

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Theodor Herzl

Theodor Herzl (2 May 1860 – 3 July 1904) was an Austro-Hungarian Jewish journalist, lawyer, writer, playwright and political activist who was the father of modern political Zionism.

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Verdun

Verdun (official name before 1970: Verdun-sur-Meuse) is a city in the Meuse department in Grand Est, northeastern France.

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Versailles, Yvelines

Versailles is a commune in the department of the Yvelines, Île-de-France, renowned worldwide for the Château de Versailles and the gardens of Versailles, designated UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

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Vichy France

Vichy France (Régime de Vichy; 10 July 1940 – 9 August 1944), officially the French State (État français), was the French rump state headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II.

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Victor Bérard

Victor Bérard (Morez, 10 August 1864 – Paris, 13 November 1931) was a French diplomat and politician.

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Victor Henri Rochefort, Marquis de Rochefort-Luçay

Victor Henri Rochefort, Marquis de Rochefort-Luçay (30 January 183130 June 1913) was a French writer of vaudevilles and politician.

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Victor Noir

Victor Noir, born Yvan Salmon (27 July 1848 – 11 January 1870), was a French journalist.

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Wilhelm II

Wilhelm II (Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert; 27 January 18594 June 1941) was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia from 1888 until his abdication in 1918, which marked the end of the German Empire as well as the Hohenzollern dynasty's 300-year rule of Prussia.

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World War I

World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.

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World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

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Yale University Press

Yale University Press is the university press of Yale University.

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Zionism

Zionism is an ethno-cultural nationalist movement that emerged in Europe in the late 19th century and aimed for the establishment of a Jewish state through the colonization of a land outside of Europe.

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16 May 1877 crisis

The 16 May 1877 crisis (Crise du seize mai) was a constitutional crisis in the French Third Republic concerning the distribution of power between the president and the legislature.

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1893 French legislative election

Legislative elections were held in France on 20 August and 3 September 1893.

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1898 Algerian riots

The Anti-Jewish Riots of 1898 in Algeria were a series of violent attacks against the Jewish community in Algeria, French North Africa, that occurred from January 18 to 24, 1898.

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1902 French legislative election

Legislative elections were held in France on 27 April and 11 May 1902.

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1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State

The 1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and State (French) was passed by the Chamber of Deputies on 3 July 1905.

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See also

1894 in France

1894 in law

Injustice

Political scandals in France

Wrongful convictions

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreyfus_affair

Also known as "l'affaire Dreyfus", Affaire Dreyfus, Anti-Dreyfusard, Anti-Dreyfusards, Antidreyfusard, Captain Alfred, Dreyfus Case, Dreyfus Case ("l'affaire Dreyfus"), Dreyfus Trial, Dreyfusard, Dreyfusite, Dreyfuss Affair, Dryfus affair, L'Affaire, L'Affaire Dreyfus, Lucy Dreyfus, Public scandal of the Dreyfus Affair, The Dreyfus Affair, The Dreyfus Case, The Dreyfuss Affair, The public scandal of the Dreyfus Affair, Trial & conviction of Alfred Dreyfus, Trial and conviction of Alfred Dreyfus, Trial and conviction of Dreyfus.

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