Communication

587 relations: 's-Hertogenbosch, Aachen, Administrative divisions of France, Agen, Ain, Ain (river), Aisne, Aisne (river), Ajaccio, Albi, Alençon, Alessandria, Alger (department), Algeria, Algiers, Allier, Allier (river), Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, Alpes-Maritimes, Alps, Alsace-Lorraine, Amiens, Amsterdam, Ancien Régime, Angers, Angoulême, Annaba, Annecy, Antwerp, Apennins, Ardèche, Ardèche (river), Ardennes, Ardennes (department), Argostoli, Ariège (department), Ariège (river), Armorica, Arnhem, Arno (department), Arras, Arrondissement, Arrondissements of France, Asti, Aube, Aube (river), Auch, Aude, Aude (river), Aumale (département), ..., Aurich, Aurillac, Auxerre, Aveyron, Aveyron (river), Avignon, Édouard Balladur, Épinal, Évreux, Évry, Essonne, Bar-le-Duc, Barcelona, Bas-Rhin, Basse-Terre, Bastia, Batavian Republic, Batna (département), Batna, Algeria, Béchar, Béjaïa, Bône (département), Beauvais, Bec d'Ambès, Belfort, Besançon, Bishopric of Minden, Bishopric of Speyer, Blois, Bobigny, Bordeaux, Bouches-de-l'Èbre, Bouches-de-l'Èbre-Montserrat, Bouches-de-l'Elbe, Bouches-de-l'Escaut, Bouches-de-l'Yssel, Bouches-de-la-Meuse, Bouches-du-Rhône, Bouches-du-Rhin, Bouches-du-Weser, Bourg-en-Bresse, Bourges, Bremen, Brittany (administrative region), Bruges, Brussels, Caen, Cahors, Calvados (department), Cantal, Canton of Basel, Canton of Valais, Cantons of France, Carcassonne, Catalonia, Cayenne, Côte d'Or (escarpment), Côte-d'Or, Côtes-d'Armor, Centrism, Ceremonial counties of England, Cergy, Cergy-Pontoise, Chalon-sur-Saône, Chambéry, Chandannagar, Charente, Charente (river), Charente-Maritime, Charleville-Mézières, Chartres, Chaumont, Haute-Marne, Châlons-en-Champagne, Châteauroux, Cher (department), Cher (river), Chiavari, Chlef, Clermont-Ferrand, Coat of arms, Colmar, Communes of France, Condominium (international law), Congress of Vienna, Conseil général des ponts et chaussées, Constantine (departement), Constantine, Algeria, Corcyre, Corfu, Corrèze, Corrèze (river), Corse-du-Sud, Corsica, County (United States), County of Flanders, County of Hainaut, County of Holland, County of Horne, County of Loon, County of Nice, County of Ravensberg, County of Veldenz, County of Zeeland, Créteil, Creuse, Creuse (river), Cuneo, Democratic Movement (France), Departmental council (France), Deux-Nèthes, Deux-Sèvres, Digne-les-Bains, Dijon, Doire, Dominican Republic, Dordogne, Dordogne (river), Doubs, Doubs (river), Drôme, Drôme (river), Duchy of Bouillon, Duchy of Brabant, Duchy of Jülich, Duchy of Limburg, Duchy of Oldenburg, Duchy of Parma, Duchy of Savoy, Dutch Republic, Dyle (department), East Frisia, Electoral Palatinate, Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Electorate of Mainz, Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès, Ems-Occidental, Ems-Oriental, Ems-Supérieur, English Channel, English language, Escaut (department), Essonne, Essonne (river), Eure, Eure (river), Eure-et-Loir, European Union, Finistère, First French Empire, Florence, Foix, Fontaine-de-Vaucluse, Forêts, Forest of Rambouillet, Fort-de-France, François Hollande, Franco-Prussian War, Frédéric Lefebvre, Free imperial city, Free Imperial City of Aachen, French Algeria, French colonial empire, French Communist Party, French Guiana, French India, French language, French Revolution, Friesland, Frise (department), Gap, Hautes-Alpes, Gard, Gardon, Garonne, Gérard Longuet, Gênes, Generality Lands, Geneva, Genoa, Geography of Guadeloupe, Geography of Mayotte, German Empire, Gers, Gers (river), Ghent, Girona, Gironde, Gironde estuary, Girondins, Golo (department), Government of France, Grand Duchy of Berg, Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Great Britain, Grenoble, Groningen, Guadeloupe, Guéret, Guelders, Gulf of Morbihan, Haiti, Hamburg, Hanseatic League, Haut-Rhin, Haute-Corse, Haute-Garonne, Haute-Loire, Haute-Marne, Haute-Saône, Haute-Savoie, Haute-Vienne, Hautes-Alpes, Hautes-Pyrénées, Hauts-de-Seine, Hérault, Hérault (river), Helvetic Republic, Hispaniola, Holy Roman Empire, Ille, Ille-et-Vilaine, Indre, Indre (river), Indre-et-Loire, INSEE code, Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques, Isère, Isère (river), ISO 3166-1 alpha-2, ISO 3166-2, ISO 3166-2:FR, Ithaque, Ivrea, Jemmape (department), Jura (department), Jura Mountains, Karaikal, Kingdom of Etruria, Kingdom of Holland, Kingdom of Prussia, Kingdom of Sardinia, Koblenz, La Roche-sur-Yon, La Rochelle, Landes (department), Landes forest, Laon, Laval, Mayenne, Léman (department), Lübeck, Le Mans, Le Puy-en-Velay, Leeuwarden, Liamone, Liège, Ligurian Republic, Lille, Limoges, Lingen, Germany, Lippe (department), List of French departments by population, List of Imperial abbeys, Livorno, Lleida, Loir, Loir-et-Cher, Loire, Loire (department), Loire-Atlantique, Loiret, Loiret (river), Lons-le-Saunier, Lot (department), Lot (river), Lot-et-Garonne, Lozère, Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Lyon, Lyon Metropolis, Lys (department), Maastricht, Mahé, Puducherry, Maine (river), Maine-et-Loire, Mainz, Mamoudzou, Manche, Marc-René de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson (1623–1700), Marengo (department), Marne, Marne (river), Marseille, Martinique, Mauritius, Mayenne, Mayenne (river), Mayotte, Mâcon, Médéa, Médéa (département), Méditerranée, Münster, Median, Melun, Mende, Lozère, Mer-Égée, Metropolitan France, Metz, Meurthe (department), Meurthe (river), Meurthe-et-Moselle, Meuse, Meuse (department), Meuse-Inférieure, Middelburg, Miscellaneous left, Monaco, Mons, Mont Lozère, Mont-Blanc (department), Mont-de-Marsan, Mont-Terrible, Mont-Tonnerre, Montauban, Montenotte (department), Montpellier, Montserrat (department), Morbihan, Moselle, Moselle (department), Mostaganem, Moulins, Allier, Mounts of Cantal, Movement for France, Municipality, Namur, Namur (province), Nancy, France, Nanterre, Nantes, Napoleon, National Constituent Assembly (France), Nîmes, Neuenhaus, Nevers, Nièvre, Nièvre (Loire), Nice, Niort, Nord (French department), North, Oise, Oise (river), Old Swiss Confederacy, Ombrone (department), Oran, Oran (department), Orléans, Orne, Orne (river), Osnabrück, Ouargla, Ourthe (department), Overijssel, Overseas collectivity, Overseas department, Overseas France, Palatine Zweibrücken, Papal States, Paris, Parma, Pas-de-Calais, Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Périgueux, Pô (department), Perpignan, Poitiers, Pontoise, Porrentruy, Postal code, Postal codes in France, Prefect (France), Prefectures in France, Preserved counties of Wales, President of France, Prince-bishop, Prince-Bishopric of Basel, Prince-Bishopric of Münster, Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück, Principality of Stavelot-Malmedy, Privas, Provinces of France, Provinces of the Netherlands, Puducherry district, Puigcerdà, Puppet state, Puy de Dôme, Puy-de-Dôme, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Pyrénées-Orientales, Pyrenees, Quimper, Radical Party of the Left, République des Sept-Dizains, Réunion, Rees, Germany, Regions of France, Reign of Terror, René Louis de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson, Rennes, Republic of Genoa, Rhône, Rhône (department), Rhône-et-Loire, Rhin-et-Moselle, Rhine, Rodez, Rodrigues, Roer (department), Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cologne, Roman Catholic Diocese of Liège, Roman Catholic Diocese of Trier, Rome, Rome (department), Rouen, Saïda, Algeria, Saône, Saône-et-Loire, Saint Lucia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint-Étienne, Saint-Brieuc, Saint-Denis, Réunion, Saint-Lô, Saint-Pierre, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Sambre-et-Meuse, Sarre (department), Sarthe, Sarthe (river), Savoie, Savona, Savoy, Sègre (department), Sègre-Ter, Sèvre Nantaise, Sèvre Niortaise, Sésia, Sétif, Sétif (département), Seine, Seine (department), Seine-et-Marne, Seine-et-Oise, Seine-Maritime, Seine-Saint-Denis, Septinsular Republic, Seychelles, Siena, Simplon (department), Sion, Switzerland, Socialist Party (France), Somme (department), Somme (river), Southern Netherlands, Spanish Empire, Special member state territories and the European Union, Spoleto, Steinfurt, Strait of Dover, Strasbourg, Stura, Subprefectures in France, Succession of states, Tanaro (department), Tarbes, Tarn (department), Tarn (river), Tarn-et-Garonne, Taro (department), Ter (department), Territoire de Belfort, Territorial collectivity, The Centrists, The Guianas, The Hague, Thorn, Netherlands, Tiaret, Tizi Ouzou, Tlemcen, Tobago, Toulon, Toulouse, Tournai, Tours, Trasimène, Treaties of Tilsit, Treaty of Versailles, Trier, Troyes, Tulle, Turin, Union for a Popular Movement, Union for French Democracy, United States of the Ionian Islands, Universal suffrage, Urban Community of Lyon, Utrecht (province), Val-d'Oise, Val-de-Marne, Valence (city), Vannes, Var (department), Var (river), Vaucluse, Vehicle registration plates of France, Vendée, Vendée (river), Venetian rule in the Ionian Islands, Vercelli, Versailles, Yvelines, Vesoul, Vienne, Vienne (river), Vilaine, Vosges, Vosges (department), Wesel, World War I, Yanaon, Yonne, Yonne (river), Yssel-Supérieur, Yvelines, Zakynthos, Zeelandic Flanders, Zuyderzée, Zwolle, 130 departments of the First French Empire. 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's-Hertogenbosch

's-Hertogenbosch (literally "The Duke's Forest" in English, and historically in French: Bois-le-Duc), colloquially known as Den Bosch (literally "The Forest" in English), is a city and municipality in the Southern Netherlands with a population of 152,968.

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Aachen

Aachen or Bad Aachen, French and traditional English: Aix-la-Chapelle, is a spa and border city.

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Administrative divisions of France

The administrative divisions of France are concerned with the institutional and territorial organization of French territory.

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Agen

The commune of Agen is the prefecture of the Lot-et-Garonne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

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Ain

Ain (Arpitan: En) is a department named after the Ain River on the eastern edge of France.

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Ain (river)

The Ain is a river in eastern France.

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Aisne

Aisne is a French department in the Hauts-de-France region of northern France.

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Aisne (river)

The Aisne is a river in northeastern France.

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Ajaccio

Ajaccio is a French commune, prefecture of the department of Corse-du-Sud, and head office of the Collectivité territoriale de Corse (capital city of Corsica).

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Albi

Albi (Albi) is a commune in southern France.

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Alençon

Alençon is a commune in Normandy, France, capital of the Orne department.

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Alessandria

Alessandria (Piedmontese: Lissandria) is a city and comune in Piedmont, Italy, and the capital of the Province of Alessandria.

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Alger (department)

Alger (al-Jazā’ir) a former French department in Algeria.

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Algeria

Algeria (الجزائر, familary Algerian Arabic الدزاير; ⴷⵣⴰⵢⴻⵔ; Dzayer; Algérie), officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a sovereign state in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast.

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Algiers

Algiers (الجزائر al-Jazā’er, ⴷⵣⴰⵢⴻ, Alger) is the capital and largest city of Algeria.

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Allier

Allier; is a French department located in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of central France named after the river Allier.

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Allier (river)

The Allier (Alèir) is a river in central France.

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Alpes-de-Haute-Provence

Alpes-de-Haute-Provence (Occitan: Aups d'Auta Provença) is a French department in the south of France, it was formerly part of the province of Provence.

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Alpes-Maritimes

Alpes-Maritimes (Aups Maritims; Alpi Marittime) is a department of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in the extreme southeast corner of France.

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Alps

The Alps (Alpes; Alpen; Alpi; Alps; Alpe) are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe,The Caucasus Mountains are higher, and the Urals longer, but both lie partly in Asia.

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Alsace-Lorraine

The Imperial Territory of Alsace-Lorraine (Reichsland Elsaß-Lothringen or Elsass-Lothringen, or Alsace-Moselle) was a territory created by the German Empire in 1871, after it annexed most of Alsace and the Moselle department of Lorraine following its victory in the Franco-Prussian War.

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Amiens

Amiens is a city and commune in northern France, north of Paris and south-west of Lille.

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Amsterdam

Amsterdam is the capital and most populous municipality of the Netherlands.

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Ancien Régime

The Ancien Régime (French for "old regime") was the political and social system of the Kingdom of France from the Late Middle Ages (circa 15th century) until 1789, when hereditary monarchy and the feudal system of French nobility were abolished by the.

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Angers

Angers is a city in western France, about southwest of Paris.

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Angoulême

Angoulême (Poitevin-Saintongeais: Engoulaeme; Engoleime) is a commune, the capital of the Charente department, in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of southwestern France.

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Annaba

Annaba (عنّابة), ("Jujube Town"), formerly known as Bona, and then Bône, is a seaport city in the northeastern corner of Algeria, close to Tunisia.

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Annecy

Annecy (Arpitan: Èneci or Ènneci) is the largest city of Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in southeastern France.

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Antwerp

Antwerp (Antwerpen, Anvers) is a city in Belgium, and is the capital of Antwerp province in Flanders.

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Apennins

Apennins was a department of the First French Empire of 1804-1814 in present-day Italy.

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Ardèche

Ardèche (Occitan and Arpitan: Ardecha) is a département in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of south-central France.

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Ardèche (river)

The Ardèche (Ardecha) is a long river in south-central France, a right-bank tributary of the River Rhône.

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Ardennes

The Ardennes (L'Ardenne; Ardennen; L'Årdene; Ardennen; also known as the Ardennes Forest or Forest of Ardennes) is a region of extensive forests, rough terrain, rolling hills and ridges formed by the geological features of the Ardennes mountain range and the Moselle and Meuse River basins.

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Ardennes (department)

Ardennes is a department in the Grand Est region of northeastern France named after the Ardennes area.

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Argostoli

Argostoli (Αργοστόλι, Katharevousa: Ἀργοστόλιον) is a town and a former municipality on the island of Kefalonia, Ionian Islands, Greece.

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Ariège (department)

Ariège (Arièja) is a department in the Occitanie region of southwestern France named after the Ariège River.

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Ariège (river)

The Ariège (Arièja, Arieja) is a 164 km long river in southern France, right tributary of the Garonne.

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Armorica

Armorica or Aremorica is the name given in ancient times to the part of Gaul between the Seine and the Loire that includes the Brittany Peninsula, extending inland to an indeterminate point and down the Atlantic Coast.

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Arnhem

Arnhem (or; Arnheim, Frisian: Arnhim, South Guelderish: Èrnem) is a city and municipality situated in the eastern part of the Netherlands.

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Arno (department)

Arno was a department of the First French Empire in present-day Italy.

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Arras

Arras (Atrecht) is the capital (chef-lieu/préfecture) of the Pas-de-Calais department, which forms part of the region of Hauts-de-France; prior to the reorganization of 2014 it was located in Nord-Pas-de-Calais.

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Arrondissement

An arrondissement is any of various administrative divisions of France, Belgium, Haiti, certain other Francophone countries, and the Netherlands.

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Arrondissements of France

An arrondissement is a level of administrative division in France.

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Asti

Asti is a city and comune of 76 164 inhabitants (1-1-2017) located in the Piedmont region of northwestern Italy, about east of Turin in the plain of the Tanaro River.

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Aube

Aube is a French department in the Grand Est region of north-eastern France.

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Aube (river)

The Aube is a river in France, a right tributary of the Seine.

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Auch

Auch (Gascon: Aush or Aux) is a commune in southwestern France.

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Aude

Aude is a department in south-central France named after the river Aude.

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Aude (river)

The Aude (Latin Atax) is a river of southern France that is long.

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Aumale (département)

Aumale (Awmāl) is a former French département in Algeria.

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Aurich

Aurich (Low German: Auerk, West Frisian: Auwerk) is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany.

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Aurillac

Aurillac (Orlhac) is a commune, capital of the Cantal department, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of south-central France,.

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Auxerre

Auxerre is the capital of the Yonne department and the fourth-largest city in Burgundy.

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Aveyron

Aveyron (Avairon) is a department located in the north of the Occitanie region of southern France named after the Aveyron River.

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Aveyron (river)

The Aveyron (Avairon) is a 291 km long river in southern France, right tributary of the Tarn.

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Avignon

Avignon (Avenio; Provençal: Avignoun, Avinhon) is a commune in south-eastern France in the department of Vaucluse on the left bank of the Rhône river.

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Édouard Balladur

Édouard Balladur (born 2 May 1929) is a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France under François Mitterrand from 29 March 1993 to 10 May 1995.

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Épinal

Épinal is a commune in northeastern France and the capital (prefecture) of the Vosges department.

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Évreux

Évreux is a commune in and the capital of the department of Eure, in the French region of Normandy.

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Évry, Essonne

Évry is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France, prefecture of the department of Essonne.

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Bar-le-Duc

Bar-le-Duc, formerly known as Bar, is a commune in the Meuse département, of which it is the capital.

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Barcelona

Barcelona is a city in Spain.

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Bas-Rhin

Bas-Rhin (Alsatian: Unterelsàss) is a department in the Grand Est region of France.

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Basse-Terre

Basse-Terre is a French commune in the Guadaloupe department of France in the Lesser Antilles.

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Bastia

Bastia (Bastìa) (Corsican and Italian pronunciation) is a French commune in the Haute-Corse department of France located in the north-east of the island of Corsica at the base of Cap Corse.

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Batavian Republic

The Batavian Republic (Bataafse Republiek; République Batave) was the successor of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands.

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Batna (département)

Batna (Bātna) is a former French département in Algeria.

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Batna, Algeria

Batna (باتنة, Berber: ⵜⴱⴰⵜⴻⵏⵜ, Tbatent) is the main city of Batna Province, Algeria.

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Béchar

Béchar (بشار) is the capital city of Béchar Province, Algeria.

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Béjaïa

Béjaïa (بِجَايَة, Bijayah; Bgayet, Bgayeth, ⴱⴳⴰⵢⴻⵜ), formerly Bougie and Bugia, is a Mediterranean port city on the Gulf of Béjaïa in Algeria; it is the capital of Béjaïa Province, Kabylia.

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Bône (département)

Bône (‘Annāba) is a former French département in Algeria which existed between 1955 and 1962.

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Beauvais

Beauvais archaic English: Beawayes, Beeway, Boway, is a city and commune in northern France.

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Bec d'Ambès

The Bec d'Ambès ("beak of Ambès") is the point of confluence of the rivers Garonne and Dordogne, in the Gironde estuary.

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Belfort

Belfort is a city in northeastern France in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté région, situated between Lyon and Strasbourg.

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Besançon

Besançon (French and Arpitan:; archaic Bisanz, Vesontio) is the capital of the department of Doubs in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté.

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Bishopric of Minden

The Bishopric of Minden was a Roman Catholic diocese (Bistum Minden) and a state, Prince-bishopric of Minden (Hochstift Minden), of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Bishopric of Speyer

The Bishopric of Speyer, or Prince-Bishopric of Speyer (formerly known as Spires in English), was an ecclesiastical principality in what are today the German states of Rhineland-Palatinate and Baden-Württemberg.

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Blois

Blois is a city and the capital of Loir-et-Cher department in central France, situated on the banks of the lower river Loire between Orléans and Tours.

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Bobigny

Bobigny is a ''commune'', or town, in the northeastern suburbs of Paris, France.

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Bordeaux

Bordeaux (Gascon Occitan: Bordèu) is a port city on the Garonne in the Gironde department in Southwestern France.

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Bouches-de-l'Èbre

Bouches-de-l'Èbre ("Mouths of the Ebro") was a short-lived department of the First French Empire in present-day Spain.

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Bouches-de-l'Èbre-Montserrat

Bouches-de-l'Èbre-Montserrat was a short-lived department of the First French Empire, created in present-day Spain on 7 March 1813 by merging the departments of Bouches-de-l'Èbre and Montserrat.

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Bouches-de-l'Elbe

Bouches-de-l'Elbe ("Mouths of the Elbe") was a department of the First French Empire in present-day Germany that survived for three years.

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Bouches-de-l'Escaut

Bouches-de-l'Escaut ("Mouths of the Scheldt") was a department of the First French Empire in the present-day Netherlands.

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Bouches-de-l'Yssel

Bouches-de-l'Yssel ("Mouths of the IJssel") was a department of the First French Empire in the present-day Netherlands.

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Bouches-de-la-Meuse

Bouches-de-la-Meuse ("Mouths of the Meuse";, Monden van de Maas) was a department of the First French Empire in the present-day Netherlands.

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Bouches-du-Rhône

Bouches-du-Rhône (Occitan: Bocas de Ròse, literally "Mouths of the Rhône") is a department in Southern France named after the mouth of the river Rhône.

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Bouches-du-Rhin

Bouches-du-Rhin ("Mouths of the Rhine") was a department of the First French Empire in the present-day Netherlands.

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Bouches-du-Weser

Bouches-du-Weser ("Mouths of the Weser") was a department of the First French Empire in present-day Germany.

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Bourg-en-Bresse

Bourg-en-Bresse (Bôrg in Arpitan language) is a commune in eastern France, capital of the Ain department, and the capital of the ancient province of Bresse (Arpitan: Brêsse).

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Bourges

Bourges is a city in central France on the Yèvre river.

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Bremen

The City Municipality of Bremen (Stadtgemeinde Bremen) is a Hanseatic city in northwestern Germany, which belongs to the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (also called just "Bremen" for short), a federal state of Germany.

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Brittany (administrative region)

Brittany (Breizh, Bretagne) is one of the 18 regions of France.

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Bruges

Bruges (Brugge; Bruges; Brügge) is the capital and largest city of the province of West Flanders in the Flemish Region of Belgium, in the northwest of the country.

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Brussels

Brussels (Bruxelles,; Brussel), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest), is a region of Belgium comprising 19 municipalities, including the City of Brussels, which is the de jure capital of Belgium.

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Caen

Caen (Norman: Kaem) is a commune in northwestern France.

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Cahors

Cahors (Caors) is the capital of the Lot department in south-western France.

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Calvados (department)

Calvados is a department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

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Cantal

Cantal is a department (administrative province) in south-central France, with its capital at Aurillac.

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Canton of Basel

Basel was a canton of Switzerland that was in existence between 1501 and 1833, when it was split into the two half-cantons of Basel-City and Basel-Country.

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Canton of Valais

The canton of Valais (Kanton Wallis) is one of the 26 cantons of Switzerland, situated in the southwestern part of the country, around the valley of the Rhône from its headwaters to Lake Geneva, separating the Pennine Alps from the Bernese Alps.

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Cantons of France

The cantons of France are territorial subdivisions of the French Republic's arrondissements and departments.

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Carcassonne

Carcassonne (Carcaso) is a French fortified city in the department of Aude, in the region of Occitanie.

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Catalonia

Catalonia (Catalunya, Catalonha, Cataluña) is an autonomous community in Spain on the northeastern extremity of the Iberian Peninsula, designated as a nationality by its Statute of Autonomy.

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Cayenne

Cayenne is the capital city of French Guiana, an overseas region and department of France located in South America.

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Côte d'Or (escarpment)

The Côte d'Or is a limestone escarpment in Burgundy, France that lends its name to the department which was formed around it.

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Côte-d'Or

Côte-d'Or (literally, "golden slope") is a department in the eastern part of France.

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Côtes-d'Armor

Côtes-d'Armor (Aodoù-an-Arvor), formerly known as Côtes-du-Nord, is a department in the north of Brittany, in northwestern France.

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Centrism

In politics, centrism—the centre (British English/Canadian English/Australian English) or the center (American English/Philippine English)—is a political outlook or specific position that involves acceptance or support of a balance of a degree of social equality and a degree of social hierarchy, while opposing political changes which would result in a significant shift of society either strongly to the left or the right.

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Ceremonial counties of England

The ceremonial counties, also referred to as the lieutenancy areas of England, are areas of England to which a Lord Lieutenant is appointed.

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Cergy

Cergy is a commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France.

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Cergy-Pontoise

Cergy-Pontoise is a new town and an agglomeration community in France, in the Val-d'Oise department, northwest of Paris on the river Oise.

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Chalon-sur-Saône

Chalon-sur-Saône is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

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Chambéry

Chambéry (Chambèri, Sciamberì, and in Helvetii: Camberia) is a city in the department of Savoie, located in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France.

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Chandannagar

Chandannagar, formerly spelled as Chandernagore, is a city and a municipal corporation with former French colony located about north of Kolkata, in West Bengal, India.

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Charente

Charente (Saintongeais: Chérente, Occitan: Charanta) is a department in southwestern France, in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, named after the Charente River, the most important river in the department, and also the river beside which the department's two largest towns, Angoulême and Cognac, are sited.

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Charente (river)

The Charente (Charanta) is a long river in southwestern France.

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Charente-Maritime

Charente-Maritime is a department on the southwestern coast of France named after the Charente River.

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Charleville-Mézières

Charleville-Mézières is a commune in northern France, capital of the Ardennes department in the Grand Est region.

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Chartres

Chartres is a commune and capital of the Eure-et-Loir department in France.

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Chaumont, Haute-Marne

Chaumont is a commune of France, and the capital (or préfecture) of the Haute-Marne department.

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Châlons-en-Champagne

Châlons-en-Champagne is a city in the Grand Est region of France.

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Châteauroux

Châteauroux is the capital of the Indre department in central France and the second-largest town in the province of Berry, after Bourges.

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Cher (department)

Cher (Berrichon: Char) is a department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

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Cher (river)

The Cher (Char) is a river in central France, left tributary to the river Loire.

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Chiavari

Chiavari (Ciävai) is a small town in the province of Genoa, Italy.

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Chlef

Chlef (Berber: Clef, الشلف.) is the capital of Chlef Province, Algeria.

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Clermont-Ferrand

Clermont-Ferrand (Auvergnat Clharmou, Augustonemetum) is a city and commune of France, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, with a population of 141,569 (2012).

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Coat of arms

A coat of arms is a heraldic visual design on an escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard.

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Colmar

Colmar (Alsatian: Colmer; German during 1871–1918 and 1940–1945: Kolmar) is the third-largest commune of the Alsace region in north-eastern France.

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Communes of France

The commune is a level of administrative division in the French Republic.

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Condominium (international law)

In international law, a condominium (plural either condominia, as in Latin, or condominiums) is a political territory (state or border area) in or over which multiple sovereign powers formally agree to share equal dominium (in the sense of sovereignty) and exercise their rights jointly, without dividing it into "national" zones.

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Congress of Vienna

The Congress of Vienna (Wiener Kongress) also called Vienna Congress, was a meeting of ambassadors of European states chaired by Austrian statesman Klemens von Metternich, and held in Vienna from November 1814 to June 1815, though the delegates had arrived and were already negotiating by late September 1814.

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Conseil général des ponts et chaussées

The Conseil général des Ponts et Chaussées (CGPC "Civil Engineering General Council") is one of the oldest institutions in France and the direct heir of the assembly of inspectors general of bridges and roads, which met regularly from 1747 under Daniel-Charles Trudaine.

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Constantine (departement)

Constantine is a former French département in Algeria which existed between 1848 and 1962.

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Constantine, Algeria

Not to be confused with Constantinople, the historical city from 330 to 1453 in Thrace, now Istanbul, Turkey. Constantine (قسنطينة, ⵇⵙⴻⵏⵟⵉⵏⴰ), also spelled Qacentina or Kasantina, is the capital of Constantine Province in northeastern Algeria.

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Corcyre

Corcyre (Kerkyra; archaic French for "Corfu") was one of three short-lived French departments of Greece.

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Corfu

Corfu or Kerkyra (translit,; translit,; Corcyra; Corfù) is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea.

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Corrèze

Corrèze (Corresa) is a department in south-western France, named after the river Corrèze which runs though it.

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Corrèze (river)

The Corrèze (Corresa) is a 95 km long river in south-western France, left tributary of the river Vézère.

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Corse-du-Sud

Corse-du-Sud (Corsica suttana) (South Corsica) is a department of France consisting of the southern part of the island of Corsica.

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Corsica

Corsica (Corse; Corsica in Corsican and Italian, pronounced and respectively) is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 18 regions of France.

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County (United States)

In the United States, an administrative or political subdivision of a state is a county, which is a region having specific boundaries and usually some level of governmental authority.

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County of Flanders

The County of Flanders (Graafschap Vlaanderen, Comté de Flandre) was a historic territory in the Low Countries.

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County of Hainaut

The County of Hainaut (Comté de Hainaut, Graafschap Henegouwen; Grafschaft Hennegau), sometimes given the archaic spellings Hainault and Heynowes, was a historical lordship within the medieval Holy Roman Empire, with its capital at Mons (Bergen).

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County of Holland

The County of Holland was a State of the Holy Roman Empire and from 1432 part of the Burgundian Netherlands, from 1482 part of the Habsburg Netherlands and from 1648 onward, Holland was the leading province of the Dutch Republic, of which it remained a part until the Batavian Revolution in 1795.

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County of Horne

Horne (also Horn, Hoorn or Hoorne) is a small historic county of the Holy Roman Empire in the present day Netherlands and Belgium.

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County of Loon

The County of Loon was a province of the ancien regime Holy Roman Empire, which by 1190 came under the overlordship of the Prince-bishop of Liège.

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County of Nice

The County of Nice (Comté de Nice / Pays Niçois, Contea di Nizza/Paese Nizzardo, Niçard Countèa de Nissa/Paìs Nissart) is a historical region of France, located in the south-eastern part, around the city of Nice, and roughly equivalent to the modern department of Alpes-Maritimes.

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County of Ravensberg

The County of Ravensberg (Grafschaft Ravensberg) was a historical county of the Holy Roman Empire.

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County of Veldenz

The County of Veldenz was a principality in the contemporary Land Rhineland-Palatinate.

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County of Zeeland

The County of Zeeland (Graafschap Zeeland) was a county of the Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries.

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Créteil

Créteil is a commune in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France.

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Creuse

Creuse is a department in central France named after the river Creuse.

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Creuse (river)

The Creuse (Cruesa) is a long river in western France, a tributary of the Vienne.

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Cuneo

Cuneo (Coni; Coni) is a city and comune in Piedmont, Northern Italy, the capital of the province of Cuneo, the third largest of Italy’s provinces by area.

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Democratic Movement (France)

The Democratic Movement (Mouvement démocrate; MoDem) is a centrist political party in France that is characterised by a strong pro-European stance.

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Departmental council (France)

The departmental councils (French: conseil départemental) of France are assemblies of the departments, elected by universal suffrage.

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Deux-Nèthes

Deux-Nèthes (Twee Nethen) was a department of the First French Empire in present-day Belgium and the Netherlands.

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Deux-Sèvres

Deux-Sèvres is a French department.

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Digne-les-Bains

Digne-les-Bains, or simply and historically Digne (Occitan: Dinha (dei Banhs) in classical norm or Digno in Mistralian norm), is a commune of France, capital of the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department, and situated in the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur.

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Dijon

Dijon is a city in eastern:France, capital of the Côte-d'Or département and of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region.

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Doire

Doire was a department of the French Consulate and of the First French Empire in present-day Italy.

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Dominican Republic

The Dominican Republic (República Dominicana) is a sovereign state located in the island of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean region.

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Dordogne

Dordogne (Dordonha) is a department in southwestern France, with its prefecture in Périgueux.

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Dordogne (river)

The Dordogne (Dordonha, La Dordogne) is a river in south-central and southwest France.

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Doubs

Doubs (Arpitan: Dubs) is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region of eastern France named after the Doubs River.

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Doubs (river)

The Doubs (Le Doubs,, Dub) is a long river in eastern France and western Switzerland, left tributary of the Saône.

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Drôme

Drôme (Droma in Occitan, Drôma in Arpitan) is a department in southeastern France named after the Drôme River.

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Drôme (river)

The Drôme (Droma), a river in southeastern France, has a length of 111 km and a watershed of 1,663 km² and is a left tributary of the Rhône.

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Duchy of Bouillon

The Duchy of Bouillon (Duché de Bouillon) was a duchy comprising Bouillon and adjacent towns and villages in present-day Belgium.

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Duchy of Brabant

The Duchy of Brabant was a State of the Holy Roman Empire established in 1183.

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Duchy of Jülich

The Duchy of Jülich (Herzogtum Jülich; Hertogdom Gulik; Duché de Juliers) comprised a state within the Holy Roman Empire from the 11th to the 18th centuries.

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Duchy of Limburg

The Duchy of Limburg or Limbourg was a state of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Duchy of Oldenburg

The Duchy of Oldenburg (Herzogtum Oldenburg) — named after its capital, the town of Oldenburg — was a state in the north-west of present-day Germany.

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Duchy of Parma

The Duchy of Parma was created in 1545 from that part of the Duchy of Milan south of the Po River, which was conquered by the Papal States in 1512.

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Duchy of Savoy

From 1416 to 1860, the Duchy of Savoy (Duché de Savoie, Ducato di Savoia) was a state in Western Europe.

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Dutch Republic

The Dutch Republic was a republic that existed from the formal creation of a confederacy in 1581 by several Dutch provinces (which earlier seceded from the Spanish rule) until the Batavian Revolution in 1795.

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Dyle (department)

Dyle was a department of the First French Empire in present-day Belgium.

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East Frisia

East Frisia or Eastern Friesland (Ostfriesland; East Frisian Low Saxon: Oostfreesland; Oost-Friesland) is a coastal region in the northwest of the German federal state of Lower Saxony.

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Electoral Palatinate

The County Palatine of the Rhine (Pfalzgrafschaft bei Rhein), later the Electorate of the Palatinate (Kurfürstentum von der Pfalz) or simply Electoral Palatinate (Kurpfalz), was a territory in the Holy Roman Empire (specifically, a palatinate) administered by the Count Palatine of the Rhine.

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Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg

The Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Kurfürstentum Braunschweig-Lüneburg) was an Electorate of the Holy Roman Empire, located in northwestern Germany.

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Electorate of Mainz

The Electorate of Mainz (Kurfürstentum Mainz or Kurmainz, Electoratus Moguntinus), also known in English by its French name, Mayence, was among most prestigious and the most influential states of the Holy Roman Empire from its creation to the dissolution of the HRE in the early years of the 19th century.

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Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès

Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès (3 May 1748 – 20 June 1836), most commonly known as the Abbé Sieyès, was a French Roman Catholic abbé, clergyman and political writer.

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Ems-Occidental

Ems-Occidental ("Western Ems) was a department of the First French Empire in the present-day Netherlands and Germany.

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Ems-Oriental

Ems-Oriental ("Eastern Ems") was a department of the First French Empire in present-day Germany.

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Ems-Supérieur

Ems-Supérieur ("Upper Ems"; Ober-Ems) was a department of the First French Empire in present-day Germany.

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English Channel

The English Channel (la Manche, "The Sleeve"; Ärmelkanal, "Sleeve Channel"; Mor Breizh, "Sea of Brittany"; Mor Bretannek, "Sea of Brittany"), also called simply the Channel, is the body of water that separates southern England from northern France and links the southern part of the North Sea to the Atlantic Ocean.

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English language

English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca.

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Escaut (department)

Escaut was a department of the First French Empire in present-day Belgium and Netherlands.

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Essonne

Essonne is a French department in the region of Île-de-France.

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Essonne (river)

The Essonne is a long French river.

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Eure

Eure is a department in the north of France named after the river Eure.

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Eure (river)

The Eure is a river between Normandy and Centre-Val de Loire in north-western France, left tributary of the Seine.

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Eure-et-Loir

Eure-et-Loir is a French department, named after the Eure and Loir rivers.

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European Union

The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of EUnum member states that are located primarily in Europe.

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Finistère

Finistère (Penn-ar-Bed) is a department of France in the extreme west of Brittany.

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First French Empire

The First French Empire (Empire Français) was the empire of Napoleon Bonaparte of France and the dominant power in much of continental Europe at the beginning of the 19th century.

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Florence

Florence (Firenze) is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany.

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Foix

Foix (Fois; Foix) is a commune, the former capital of the County of Foix.

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Fontaine-de-Vaucluse

Fontaine-de-Vaucluse (La Fònt de Vauclusa or simply Vauclusa in Occitan) is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.

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Forêts

Forêts was a department of the French First Republic, and later the First French Empire, in present-day Belgium, Luxembourg and Germany.

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Forest of Rambouillet

The Forest of Rambouillet or Forest of Yveline (Forêt de Rambouillet, or Forêt de l'Yveline) is a large forest covering some 200 km², located to the west of Paris, in the Île-de-France region in northern France.

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Fort-de-France

Fort-de-France is the capital of France's Caribbean overseas department of Martinique.

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François Hollande

François Gérard Georges Nicolas Hollande (born 12 August 1954) is a French politician who served as President of France and ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra from 2012 to 2017.

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Franco-Prussian War

The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War (Deutsch-Französischer Krieg, Guerre franco-allemande), often referred to in France as the War of 1870 (19 July 1871) or in Germany as 70/71, was a conflict between the Second French Empire of Napoleon III and the German states of the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia.

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Frédéric Lefebvre

Frédéric Lefebvre (born October 14, 1963 in Neuilly-sur-Seine) is a French politician who was Secretary of State for Trade, Small and Medium Enterprises, Tourism, Services, Liberal professions and Consumption under the Minister of Economy, Finance and Industry, François Baroin.

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Free imperial city

In the Holy Roman Empire, the collective term free and imperial cities (Freie und Reichsstädte), briefly worded free imperial city (Freie Reichsstadt, urbs imperialis libera), was used from the fifteenth century to denote a self-ruling city that had a certain amount of autonomy and was represented in the Imperial Diet.

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Free Imperial City of Aachen

The Free Imperial City of Aachen, known in English by its French name of Aix-la-Chapelle, was a Free Imperial City and spa of the Holy Roman Empire west of Cologne and southeast of the Low Countries, in the Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle.

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French Algeria

French Algeria (Alger to 1839, then Algérie afterwards; unofficially Algérie française, االجزائر المستعمرة), also known as Colonial Algeria, began in 1830 with the invasion of Algiers and lasted until 1962, under a variety of governmental systems.

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French colonial empire

The French colonial empire constituted the overseas colonies, protectorates and mandate territories that came under French rule from the 16th century onward.

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French Communist Party

The French Communist Party (Parti communiste français, PCF) is a communist party in France.

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French Guiana

French Guiana (pronounced or, Guyane), officially called Guiana (Guyane), is an overseas department and region of France, on the north Atlantic coast of South America in the Guyanas.

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French India

French India, formally the Établissements français dans l'Inde ("French establishments in India"), was a French colony comprising geographically separate enclaves on the Indian subcontinent.

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French language

French (le français or la langue française) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.

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French Revolution

The French Revolution (Révolution française) was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France and its colonies that lasted from 1789 until 1799.

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Friesland

Friesland (official, Fryslân), also historically known as Frisia, is a province of the Netherlands located in the northern part of the country.

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Frise (department)

Frise was a department of the First French Empire in the present-day Netherlands.

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Gap, Hautes-Alpes

Gap is a commune in southeastern France, the capital and largest town of the Hautes-Alpes department.

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Gard

Gard (Gard) is a department in southern France in the Occitanie region.

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Gardon

The Gardon or Gard (Occitan and French: Gardon, Gard) is a river in southern France.

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Garonne

The Garonne (Garonne,; in Occitan, Catalan, and Spanish: Garona; Garumna or Garunna) is a river in southwest France and northern Spain, with a length of.

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Gérard Longuet

Gérard Longuet (born 24 February 1946 in Neuilly-sur-Seine, Hauts-de-Seine) is a French conservative politician.

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Gênes

Gênes was a department of the French Consulate and of the First French Empire in present-day Italy.

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Generality Lands

The Generality Lands, Lands of the Generality or Common Lands (Generaliteitslanden) were about one fifth of the territories of the United Provinces of the Netherlands, that were directly governed by the States-General.

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Geneva

Geneva (Genève, Genèva, Genf, Ginevra, Genevra) is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and the most populous city of the Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland.

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Genoa

Genoa (Genova,; Zêna; English, historically, and Genua) is the capital of the Italian region of Liguria and the sixth-largest city in Italy.

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Geography of Guadeloupe

The department of Guadeloupe comprises five islands: Guadeloupe island composed of Basse-Terre Island and Grande-Terre (separated from Basse-Terre by a narrow sea channel called salt river) and the dependencies composed by the adjacent French islands of La Désirade, Les Saintes and Marie-Galante.

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Geography of Mayotte

Mayotte is an island of volcanic origin in the northernmost Mozambique Channel, about one-half of the way from northern Madagascar to northern Mozambique.

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German Empire

The German Empire (Deutsches Kaiserreich, officially Deutsches Reich),Herbert Tuttle wrote in September 1881 that the term "Reich" does not literally connote an empire as has been commonly assumed by English-speaking people.

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Gers

The Gers is a department in the Occitanie region in the southwest of France named after the Gers River.

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Gers (river)

The Gers is a long river in southern France, left tributary of the Garonne.

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Ghent

Ghent (Gent; Gand) is a city and a municipality in the Flemish Region of Belgium.

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Girona

Girona (Gerona; Gérone) is a city in Catalonia, Spain, at the confluence of the rivers Ter, Onyar, Galligants, and Güell and has an official population of 99,013 as of January 2017.

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Gironde

Gironde (in Occitan Gironda) is a department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of southwest France.

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Gironde estuary

The Gironde is a navigable estuary (often falsely referred to as a river), in southwest France and is formed from the meeting of the rivers Dordogne and Garonne just downstream of the centre of Bordeaux.

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Girondins

The Girondins, Girondists or Gironde were members of a loosely knit political faction during the French Revolution.

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Golo (department)

Golo was a department of France from 1793 to 1811.

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Government of France

The Government of the French Republic (Gouvernement de la République française) exercises executive power in France.

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Grand Duchy of Berg

The Grand Duchy of Berg (Großherzogtum Berg) was established by Napoleon Bonaparte after his victory at the 1805 Battle of Austerlitz on territories between the French Empire at the Rhine river and the German Kingdom of Westphalia.

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Grand Duchy of Tuscany

The Grand Duchy of Tuscany (Granducato di Toscana, Magnus Ducatus Etruriae) was a central Italian monarchy that existed, with interruptions, from 1569 to 1859, replacing the Duchy of Florence.

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Great Britain

Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe.

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Grenoble

Grenoble is a city in southeastern France, at the foot of the French Alps where the river Drac joins the Isère.

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Groningen

Groningen (Gronings: Grunnen) is the main municipality as well as the capital city of the eponymous province in the Netherlands.

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Guadeloupe

Guadeloupe (Antillean Creole: Gwadloup) is an insular region of France located in the Leeward Islands, part of the Lesser Antilles in the Caribbean.

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Guéret

Guéret (Occitan: Garait) is a commune and the prefecture of the Creuse department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in central France.

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Guelders

Guelders or Gueldres (Gelre, Geldern) is a historical county, later duchy of the Holy Roman Empire, located in the Low Countries.

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Gulf of Morbihan

The Gulf of Morbihan is a natural harbour on the coast of the Département of Morbihan in the south of Brittany, France.

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Haiti

Haiti (Haïti; Ayiti), officially the Republic of Haiti and formerly called Hayti, is a sovereign state located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea.

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Hamburg

Hamburg (locally), Hamborg, officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg (Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg, Friee un Hansestadt Hamborg),Constitution of Hamburg), is the second-largest city of Germany as well as one of the country's 16 constituent states, with a population of roughly 1.8 million people. The city lies at the core of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region which spreads across four German federal states and is home to more than five million people. The official name reflects Hamburg's history as a member of the medieval Hanseatic League, a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire, a city-state and one of the 16 states of Germany. Before the 1871 Unification of Germany, it was a fully sovereign state. Prior to the constitutional changes in 1919 it formed a civic republic headed constitutionally by a class of hereditary grand burghers or Hanseaten. The city has repeatedly been beset by disasters such as the Great Fire of Hamburg, exceptional coastal flooding and military conflicts including World War II bombing raids. Historians remark that the city has managed to recover and emerge wealthier after each catastrophe. Situated on the river Elbe, Hamburg is home to Europe's second-largest port and a broad corporate base. In media, the major regional broadcasting firm NDR, the printing and publishing firm italic and the newspapers italic and italic are based in the city. Hamburg remains an important financial center, the seat of Germany's oldest stock exchange and the world's oldest merchant bank, Berenberg Bank. Media, commercial, logistical, and industrial firms with significant locations in the city include multinationals Airbus, italic, italic, italic, and Unilever. The city is a forum for and has specialists in world economics and international law with such consular and diplomatic missions as the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, the EU-LAC Foundation, and the UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning. In recent years, the city has played host to multipartite international political conferences and summits such as Europe and China and the G20. Former German Chancellor italic, who governed Germany for eight years, and Angela Merkel, German chancellor since 2005, come from Hamburg. The city is a major international and domestic tourist destination. It ranked 18th in the world for livability in 2016. The Speicherstadt and Kontorhausviertel were declared World Heritage Sites by UNESCO in 2015. Hamburg is a major European science, research, and education hub, with several universities and institutions. Among its most notable cultural venues are the italic and italic concert halls. It gave birth to movements like Hamburger Schule and paved the way for bands including The Beatles. Hamburg is also known for several theatres and a variety of musical shows. St. Pauli's italic is among the best-known European entertainment districts.

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Hanseatic League

The Hanseatic League (Middle Low German: Hanse, Düdesche Hanse, Hansa; Standard German: Deutsche Hanse; Latin: Hansa Teutonica) was a commercial and defensive confederation of merchant guilds and market towns in Northwestern and Central Europe.

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Haut-Rhin

Haut-Rhin (Alsatian: Owerelsàss) is a department in the Grand Est region of France, named after the river Rhine.

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Haute-Corse

Haute-Corse (Corsica suprana) (Upper Corsica) is a department of France consisting of the northern part of the island of Corsica.

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Haute-Garonne

Haute-Garonne (Nauta Garona; Upper Garonne) is a department in the southwest of France named after the Garonne river.

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Haute-Loire

Haute-Loire (Naut Léger) is a department in south-central France named after the Loire River.

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Haute-Marne

Haute-Marne is a department in the northeast of France named after the Marne River.

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Haute-Saône

Haute-Saône (Arpitan: Hiôta-Sona) is a French department of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region named after the Saône River.

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Haute-Savoie

Haute-Savoie (Savouè d’Amont or Hiôta-Savouè; Upper Savoy; Obersavoyen or Hochsavoyen; Alta Savoia) is a department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of south-eastern France, bordering both Switzerland and Italy.

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Haute-Vienne

Haute-Vienne is a French department named after the river Vienne.

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Hautes-Alpes

Hautes-Alpes (Auts Aups) is a department in southeastern France named after the Alps mountain range.

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Hautes-Pyrénées

Hautes-Pyrénées (Gascon/Occitan: Nauts Pirenèus / Hauts Pirenèus; Altos Pirineos; Alts Pirineus) is a department in southwestern France.

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Hauts-de-Seine

Hauts-de-Seine (literally Seine Heights) is a department of France.

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Hérault

Hérault (Erau) is a department in southern France named after the Hérault.

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Hérault (river)

The Hérault (Erau) is a river of southern France.

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Helvetic Republic

In Swiss history, the Helvetic Republic (1798–1803) represented an early attempt to impose a central authority over Switzerland, which until then had consisted of self-governing cantons united by a loose military alliance (and ruling over subject territories such as Vaud).

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Hispaniola

Hispaniola (Spanish: La Española; Latin and French: Hispaniola; Haitian Creole: Ispayola; Taíno: Haiti) is an island in the Caribbean island group, the Greater Antilles.

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Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire (Sacrum Romanum Imperium; Heiliges Römisches Reich) was a multi-ethnic but mostly German complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806.

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Ille

The Ille is a small river in Brittany, France, right tributary of the river Vilaine.

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Ille-et-Vilaine

Ille-et-Vilaine (Il-ha-Gwilen) is a department of France, located in the region of Brittany in the northwest of the country.

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Indre

Indre is a department in central France named after the river Indre.

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Indre (river)

The Indre is a long river in central France, left tributary to the river Loire.

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Indre-et-Loire

Indre-et-Loire is a department in west-central France named after the Indre and the Loire rivers.

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INSEE code

The INSEE code is a numerical indexing code used by the French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE) to identify various entities, including communes, départements.

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Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques

The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques), abbreviated INSEE, is the national statistics bureau of France.

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Isère

Isère (Arpitan: Isera, Occitan: Isèra) is a department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in eastern France named after the river Isère.

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Isère (river)

The Isère is a river in the Rhône-Alpes region of southeastern France.

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ISO 3166-1 alpha-2

ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes are two-letter country codes defined in ISO 3166-1, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), to represent countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest.

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ISO 3166-2

ISO 3166-2 is part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and defines codes for identifying the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

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ISO 3166-2:FR

ISO 3166-2:FR is the entry for France in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

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Ithaque

Ithaque (French for Ithaca) was one of three short-lived French departments of Greece.

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Ivrea

Ivrea (Eporedia) is a town and comune of the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Piedmont region of northwestern Italy.

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Jemmape (department)

Jemmape was a department of the First French Empire in present-day Belgium.

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Jura (department)

Jura is a department in the east of France named after the Jura mountains.

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Jura Mountains

The Jura Mountains (locally; Massif du Jura; Juragebirge; Massiccio del Giura) are a sub-alpine mountain range located north of the Western Alps, mainly following the course of the France–Switzerland border.

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Karaikal

Karaikal (kāraikkāl) is a major port city of east coast of India and a municipality in Karaikal district in the Union Territory of Puducherry, India.

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Kingdom of Etruria

The Kingdom of Etruria (Regno di Etruria) was a kingdom between 1801 and 1807 which made up a large part of modern Tuscany.

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Kingdom of Holland

The Kingdom of Holland (Koninkrijk Holland, Royaume de Hollande) was set up by Napoléon Bonaparte as a puppet kingdom for his third brother, Louis Bonaparte, in order to better control the Netherlands.

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Kingdom of Prussia

The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen) was a German kingdom that constituted the state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918.

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Kingdom of Sardinia

The Kingdom of SardiniaThe name of the state was originally Latin: Regnum Sardiniae, or Regnum Sardiniae et Corsicae when the kingdom was still considered to include Corsica.

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Koblenz

Koblenz (Coblence), spelled Coblenz before 1926, is a German city situated on both banks of the Rhine where it is joined by the Moselle.

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La Roche-sur-Yon

La Roche-sur-Yon is a commune in the Vendée department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France.

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La Rochelle

La Rochelle is a city in western France and a seaport on the Bay of Biscay, a part of the Atlantic Ocean.

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Landes (department)

The Landes (Gascon: Lanas) is a department in southwestern France.

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Landes forest

The Landes forest (La forêt des Landes in French) or the Landes of Gascony (las Lanas de Gasconha in the Gascon language), in the historic Gascony natural region of southwestern France now known as Aquitaine, is the largest maritime-pine forest in Europe.

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Laon

Laon is the capital city of the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France, northern France.

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Laval, Mayenne

Laval is a town in western France, about west-southwest of Paris, and the capital of the Mayenne department.

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Léman (department)

Léman was a department of the First French Empire.

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Lübeck

Lübeck is a city in Schleswig-Holstein, northern Germany, and one of the major ports of Germany.

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Le Mans

Le Mans is a city in France, on the Sarthe River.

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Le Puy-en-Velay

Le Puy-en-Velay (Lo Puèi de Velai) is a commune in the Haute-Loire department in south-central France near the Loire river.

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Leeuwarden

Leeuwarden (longname), Stadsfries: Liwwadden) is a city and municipality in Friesland in the Netherlands. It is the provincial capital and seat of the States of Friesland. The municipality has a population of 122,293. The region has been continuously inhabited since the 10th century. It came to be known as Leeuwarden in the early 9th century AD and was granted city privileges in 1435. It is the main economic hub of Friesland, situated in a green and water-rich environment. Leeuwarden is a former royal residence and has a historic city center, many historically relevant buildings, and a large shopping center with squares and restaurants. Leeuwarden was awarded the title European Capital of Culture for 2018. The Elfstedentocht (Eleven Cities Tour), an ice skating tour passing the eleven cities of Friesland, started and finished in Leeuwarden. The following towns and villages within the municipality have populations in excess of 1,000 people: Leeuwarden, Stiens, Grou, Goutum, Wergea, Jirnsum, Reduzum, and Wirdum. The municipality is governed by the mayor Ferd Crone and a coalition of the Labour Party, Christian Democratic Appeal, and GreenLeft.

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Liamone

Liamone was a department of the French island of Corsica between 1793 and 1811.

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Liège

Liège (Lidje; Luik,; Lüttich) is a major Walloon city and municipality and the capital of the Belgian province of Liège. The city is situated in the valley of the Meuse, in the east of Belgium, not far from borders with the Netherlands (Maastricht is about to the north) and with Germany (Aachen is about north-east). At Liège, the Meuse meets the River Ourthe. The city is part of the sillon industriel, the former industrial backbone of Wallonia. It still is the principal economic and cultural centre of the region. The Liège municipality (i.e. the city proper) includes the former communes of Angleur, Bressoux, Chênée, Glain, Grivegnée, Jupille-sur-Meuse, Rocourt, and Wandre. In November 2012, Liège had 198,280 inhabitants. The metropolitan area, including the outer commuter zone, covers an area of 1,879 km2 (725 sq mi) and had a total population of 749,110 on 1 January 2008. Population of all municipalities in Belgium on 1 January 2008. Retrieved on 2008-10-19. Definitions of metropolitan areas in Belgium. The metropolitan area of Liège is divided into three levels. First, the central agglomeration (agglomeratie) with 480,513 inhabitants (2008-01-01). Adding the closest surroundings (banlieue) gives a total of 641,591. And, including the outer commuter zone (forensenwoonzone) the population is 810,983. Retrieved on 2008-10-19. This includes a total of 52 municipalities, among others, Herstal and Seraing. Liège ranks as the third most populous urban area in Belgium, after Brussels and Antwerp, and the fourth municipality after Antwerp, Ghent and Charleroi.

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Ligurian Republic

The Ligurian Republic (Repubblica Ligure) was a short-lived French client republic formed by Napoleon on 14 June 1797.

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Lille

Lille (Rijsel; Rysel) is a city at the northern tip of France, in French Flanders.

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Limoges

Limoges (Occitan: Lemòtges or Limòtges) is a city and commune, the capital of the Haute-Vienne department and was the administrative capital of the former Limousin region in west-central France.

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Lingen, Germany

Lingen is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany.

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Lippe (department)

Lippe was a department of the First French Empire in present-day Germany.

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List of French departments by population

This table lists the 101 French departments in descending order of population, area and population density.

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List of Imperial abbeys

An Imperial abbey (Reichsabtei, Reichskloster, Reichsstift, Reichsgotthaus) was a religious establishment within the Holy Roman Empire which enjoyed the status of imperial immediacy (Reichsunmittelbarkeit) and therefore was answerable directly to the Emperor.

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Livorno

Livorno is a port city on the Ligurian Sea on the western coast of Tuscany, Italy.

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Lleida

Lleida (Lérida) is a city in the west of Catalonia, Spain.

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Loir

The Loir is a long river in western France.

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Loir-et-Cher

Loir-et-Cher is a department in the Centre-Val de Loire region, France.

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Loire

The Loire (Léger; Liger) is the longest river in France and the 171st longest in the world.

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Loire (department)

Loire (Lêre; Léger) is a department in the east-central part of France occupying the River Loire's upper reaches.

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Loire-Atlantique

Loire-Atlantique (formerly Loire-Inférieure) is a department on the west coast of France named after the Loire River and the Atlantic Ocean.

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Loiret

Loiret is a department in north-central France.

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Loiret (river)

The Loiret is a long river in France, a left tributary to the Loire River.

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Lons-le-Saunier

Lons-le-Saunier is a commune and capital of the Jura department in eastern France.

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Lot (department)

Lot (Òlt) is a department in the southwest of France named after the Lot River.

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Lot (river)

The Lot,, originally the Olt (Òlt; Oltis), is a river in France.

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Lot-et-Garonne

Lot-et-Garonne (Òlt e Garona) is a department in the southwest of France named after the Lot and Garonne rivers.

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Lozère

Lozère (Losera) is a department in the region of Occitanie in southern France near the Massif Central.

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Luxembourg

Luxembourg (Lëtzebuerg; Luxembourg, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, is a landlocked country in western Europe.

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Luxembourg City

Luxembourg (Lëtzebuerg, Luxembourg, Luxemburg), also known as Luxembourg City (Stad Lëtzebuerg or d'Stad, Ville de Luxembourg, Stadt Luxemburg, Luxemburg-Stadt), is the capital city of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (also named "Luxembourg"), and the country's most populous commune.

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Lyon

Lyon (Liyon), is the third-largest city and second-largest urban area of France.

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Lyon Metropolis

Metropolitan Lyon (métropole de Lyon), also known as Grand Lyon (i.e. "Greater Lyon"), is a French territorial collectivity located in the east-central region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes.

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Lys (department)

Lys was a department of the First French Empire in present-day Belgium.

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Maastricht

Maastricht (Limburgish: Mestreech; French: Maestricht; Spanish: Mastrique) is a city and a municipality in the southeast of the Netherlands.

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Mahé, Puducherry

Mahé, natively known as Mayyazhi, is a small town at the mouth of the Mahé River and is surrounded on all sides by the State of Kerala.

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Maine (river)

The Maine is a river, a tributary of the Loire, long, in the Maine-et-Loire département in France.

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Maine-et-Loire

Maine-et-Loire is a department of the Loire Valley in west-central France, in the Pays de la Loire region.

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Mainz

Satellite view of Mainz (south of the Rhine) and Wiesbaden Mainz (Mogontiacum, Mayence) is the capital and largest city of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany.

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Mamoudzou

Mamoudzou (Shimaore Comorian: Momoju) is the capital of the French overseas region and department of Mayotte, in the Indian Ocean.

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Manche

Manche is a French department in Normandy (Normandie), named for the English Channel, which is known as La Manche, literally "the sleeve", in French, that borders its north and west shores and part of its east shore.

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Marc-René de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson (1623–1700)

Marc-René de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson (13 December 1623 – 1 May 1700), seigneur d'Argenson et de Vueil-le-Mesnil, comte de Rouffiac, was a French knight, politician and diplomat.

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Marengo (department)

Marengo was a department of the French Consulate and of the First French Empire in present-day Italy.

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Marne

Marne is a department in north-eastern France named after the river Marne (Matrona in Roman times) which flows through the department.

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Marne (river)

The Marne (la Marne) is a river in France, an eastern tributary of the Seine in the area east and southeast of Paris.

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Marseille

Marseille (Provençal: Marselha), is the second-largest city of France and the largest city of the Provence historical region.

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Martinique

Martinique is an insular region of France located in the Lesser Antilles of the West Indies in the eastern Caribbean Sea, with a land area of and a population of 385,551 inhabitants as of January 2013.

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Mauritius

Mauritius (or; Maurice), officially the Republic of Mauritius (République de Maurice), is an island nation in the Indian Ocean about off the southeast coast of the African continent.

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Mayenne

Mayenne is a department in northwest France named after the Mayenne River.

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Mayenne (river)

The Mayenne is a long river in western France principally located in the French region of Pays de la Loire.

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Mayotte

Mayotte (Mayotte,; Shimaore: Maore,; Mahori) is an insular department and region of France officially named the Department of Mayotte (French: Département de Mayotte).

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Mâcon

Mâcon, historically anglicized as Mascon, is a small city in east-central France.

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Médéa

Médéa (Lemdiyyet, المدية al-Madiya), population 123,535 (1998 census) is the capital city of Médéa Province, Algeria.

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Médéa (département)

Médéa is a former French département in Algeria which existed between 1957 and 1962.

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Méditerranée

Méditerranée was a department of the First French Empire in present-day Italy.

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Münster

Münster (Low German: Mönster; Latin: Monasterium, from the Greek μοναστήριον monastērion, "monastery") is an independent city (Kreisfreie Stadt) in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

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Median

The median is the value separating the higher half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution, from the lower half.

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Melun

Melun is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.

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Mende, Lozère

Mende is a commune and prefecture of the department of Lozère and of the region of Occitanie in southern France.

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Mer-Égée

Mer-Égée (French for Aegean Sea) was one of three short-lived French departments of Greece.

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Metropolitan France

Metropolitan France (France métropolitaine or la Métropole), also known as European France or Mainland France, is the part of France in Europe.

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Metz

Metz (Lorraine Franconian pronunciation) is a city in northeast France located at the confluence of the Moselle and the Seille rivers.

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Meurthe (department)

Meurthe is a former department of France created in 1790.

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Meurthe (river)

The Meurthe is a river in north-eastern France, right tributary to the river Moselle.

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Meurthe-et-Moselle

Meurthe-et-Moselle is a department in the Grand Est region of France, named after the Meurthe and Moselle rivers.

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Meuse

The Meuse (la Meuse; Walloon: Moûze) or Maas (Maas; Maos or Maas) is a major European river, rising in France and flowing through Belgium and the Netherlands before draining into the North Sea.

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Meuse (department)

Meuse is a department in northeast France, named after the River Meuse.

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Meuse-Inférieure

Meuse-Inférieure ("Lower Meuse"; or Beneden-Maas) was a department of the First French Empire in present-day Belgium, Netherlands and Germany.

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Middelburg

Middelburg is a city and municipality in the south-western Netherlands serving as the capital of the province of Zeeland.

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Miscellaneous left

Miscellaneous left (divers gauche, DVG) in France refers to left-wing candidates who are not members of a large party.

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Monaco

Monaco, officially the Principality of Monaco (Principauté de Monaco), is a sovereign city-state, country and microstate on the French Riviera in Western Europe.

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Mons

Mons (Bergen; Mont; Mont) is a Walloon city and municipality, and the capital of the Belgian province of Hainaut.

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Mont Lozère

Mont Lozère (Mont Losera) is the highest peak in the Cévennes, a subrange of the Massif Central in France.

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Mont-Blanc (department)

Mont-Blanc was a department of the First French Empire.

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Mont-de-Marsan

Mont-de-Marsan (Gascon: Lo Mont de Marçan) is a commune and capital of the Landes department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

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Mont-Terrible

Mont-Terrible was one of the 130 departments of Napoleonic France, with its capital at Porrentruy.

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Mont-Tonnerre

Mont-Tonnerre was a department of the First French Republic and later the First French Empire in present-day Germany.

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Montauban

Montauban (Montalban) is a commune in the Tarn-et-Garonne department in the Occitanie region in southern France.

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Montenotte (department)

Montenotte was a department of the French Consulate and of the First French Empire in present-day Italy.

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Montpellier

Montpellier (Montpelhièr) is a city in southern France.

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Montserrat (department)

Montserrat was a department of the First French Empire in present-day Spain, named after the mountain of Montserrat.

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Morbihan

Morbihan (Mor-Bihan) is a department in Brittany, situated in the northwest of France.

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Moselle

The Moselle (la Moselle,; Mosel; Musel) is a river flowing through France, Luxembourg, and Germany.

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Moselle (department)

Moselle is the most populous department in Lorraine, in the east of France, and is named after the river Moselle, a tributary of the Rhine, which flows through the western part of the department.

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Mostaganem

Mostaganem (Mustɣanem; مستغانم) is a port city in and capital of Mostaganem province, in the northwest of Algeria.

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Moulins, Allier

Moulins (Molins) is a commune in central France, capital of the Allier department.

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Mounts of Cantal

The Mounts of Cantal (or Volcanoes of Cantal; Monts du Cantal) are a mountainous massif in the mid-west of the Massif Central, France, made up of the remnants of the largest stratovolcano of Europe, which was formed from 13 million years ago and last erupted approximately 2 million years ago.

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Movement for France

The Movement for France (Mouvement pour la France), abbreviated to MPF, is a French conservative and soft Eurosceptic political party, founded on 20 November 1994, with a marked regional stronghold in the Vendée.

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Municipality

A municipality is usually a single urban or administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and state laws to which it is subordinate.

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Namur

Namur (Dutch:, Nameur in Walloon) is a city and municipality in Wallonia, Belgium.

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Namur (province)

Namur (Dutch:, Nameur) is a province of Wallonia, one of the three regions of Belgium.

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Nancy, France

Nancy (Nanzig) is the capital of the north-eastern French department of Meurthe-et-Moselle, and formerly the capital of the Duchy of Lorraine, and then the French province of the same name.

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Nanterre

Nanterre is a commune in the Hauts-de-Seine department, the western suburbs of Paris.

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Nantes

Nantes (Gallo: Naunnt or Nantt) is a city in western France on the Loire River, from the Atlantic coast.

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Napoleon

Napoléon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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National Constituent Assembly (France)

The National Constituent Assembly (Assemblée nationale constituante) was formed from the National Assembly on 9 July 1789 during the first stages of the French Revolution.

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Nîmes

Nîmes (Provençal Occitan: Nimes) is a city in the Occitanie region of southern France.

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Neuenhaus

Neuenhaus is a town in the district of Grafschaft Bentheim in Lower Saxony, and is the seat of a like-named collective municipality Neuenhaus.

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Nevers

Nevers (Latin: Noviodunum, later Nevirnum and Nebirnum) is the prefecture of the Nièvre department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in central France.

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Nièvre

Nièvre is a department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the centre of France named after the River Nièvre.

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Nièvre (Loire)

The Nièvre is a river in central France, a right tributary of the Loire.

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Nice

Nice (Niçard Niça, classical norm, or Nissa, nonstandard,; Nizza; Νίκαια; Nicaea) is the fifth most populous city in France and the capital of the Alpes-Maritimes département.

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Niort

Niort is a commune in the Deux-Sèvres department in western France.

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Nord (French department)

Nord (North; Noorderdepartement) is a department in the far north of France.

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North

North is one of the four compass points or cardinal directions.

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Oise

Oise is a department in the north of France.

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Oise (river)

The Oise is a river of Belgium and France, flowing for from its source in the Belgian province of Hainaut, south of Chimay.

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Old Swiss Confederacy

The Old Swiss Confederacy (Modern German: Alte Eidgenossenschaft; historically Eidgenossenschaft, after the Reformation also République des Suisses, Res publica Helvetiorum "Republic of the Swiss") was a loose confederation of independent small states (cantons, German or) within the Holy Roman Empire.

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Ombrone (department)

Ombrone was a department of the First French Empire in modern-day Italy.

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Oran

Oran (وَهران, Wahrān; Berber language: ⵡⴻⵂⵔⴰⵏ, Wehran) is a major coastal city located in the north-west of Algeria.

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Oran (department)

Oran is a former French département in Algeria existing from 1848 until 1962.

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Orléans

Orléans is a prefecture and commune in north-central France, about 111 kilometres (69 miles) southwest of Paris.

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Orne

Orne is a department in the northwest of France, named after the river Orne.

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Orne (river)

The Orne (Ptolemeus Olina) is a river in Normandy, within northwestern France.

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Osnabrück

Osnabrück (Ossenbrügge; archaic Osnaburg) is a city in the federal state of Lower Saxony in north-west Germany.

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Ouargla

Ouargla (Berber: Wargren or Wargla, ورجلان، ورقلة, old Berber name: Wareglan) is the capital city of Ouargla Province in the Sahara Desert in southern Algeria.

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Ourthe (department)

Ourthe (also spelled Ourte at the time) was a department of the First French Empire in present-day Germany and Belgium.

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Overijssel

Overijssel (Dutch Low Saxon: Oaveriessel) is a province of the Netherlands in the central-eastern part of the country.

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Overseas collectivity

The French overseas collectivities (collectivité d'outre-mer or COM), like the French regions, are first-order administrative divisions of France.

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Overseas department

An overseas department (département d’outre-mer or DOM) is a department of France that is outside metropolitan France.

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Overseas France

Overseas France (France d'outre-mer) consists of all the French-administerd territories outside the European continent.

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Palatine Zweibrücken

Palatine Zweibrücken, or the County Palatine of Zweibrücken, is a former state of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Papal States

The Papal States, officially the State of the Church (Stato della Chiesa,; Status Ecclesiasticus; also Dicio Pontificia), were a series of territories in the Italian Peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the Pope, from the 8th century until 1870.

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Paris

Paris is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of and a population of 2,206,488.

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Parma

Parma (Pärma) is a city in the northern Italian region of Emilia-Romagna famous for its prosciutto (ham), cheese, architecture, music and surrounding countryside.

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Pas-de-Calais

Pas-de-Calais is a department in northern France named after the French designation of the Strait of Dover, which it borders ('pas' meaning passage).

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Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques

Pau is a commune on the northern edge of the Pyrenees, and capital of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques Département in the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France.

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Périgueux

Périgueux (Peireguers or Periguers) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

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Pô (department)

Pô was a department of the French Consulate and of the First French Empire in present-day Italy.

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Perpignan

Perpignan (Perpinyà) is a city, a commune, and the capital of the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France.

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Poitiers

Poitiers is a city on the Clain river in west-central France.

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Pontoise

Pontoise is a commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France.

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Porrentruy

Porrentruy (Poérreintru, Pruntrut) is a Swiss municipality and seat of the district of the same name located in the canton of Jura.

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Postal code

A postal code (also known locally in various English-speaking countries throughout the world as a postcode, post code, Eircode, PIN Code or ZIP Code) is a series of letters or digits or both, sometimes including spaces or punctuation, included in a postal address for the purpose of sorting mail.

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Postal codes in France

Postal codes were introduced in France in 1964, when La Poste introduced automated sorting.

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Prefect (France)

A prefect (préfet) in France is the State's representative in a department or region.

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Prefectures in France

A prefecture (préfecture) in France may refer to.

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Preserved counties of Wales

The preserved counties of Wales are the current areas used in Wales for the ceremonial purposes of lieutenancy and shrievalty.

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President of France

The President of the French Republic (Président de la République française) is the executive head of state of France in the French Fifth Republic.

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Prince-bishop

A prince-bishop is a bishop who is also the civil ruler of some secular principality and sovereignty.

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Prince-Bishopric of Basel

The Prince-Bishopric of Basel (Fürstbistum Basel) was an ecclesiastical principality within the Holy Roman Empire, ruled from 1032 by Prince-Bishops with their seat at Basel, and from 1528 until 1792 at Porrentruy, and thereafter at Schliengen.

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Prince-Bishopric of Münster

The Bishopric of Münster was an ecclesiastical principality in the Holy Roman Empire, located in the northern part of today's North Rhine-Westphalia and western Lower Saxony.

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Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück

The Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück (Hochstift Osnabrück) was a state of the Holy Roman Empire from 1225 until 1803.

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Principality of Stavelot-Malmedy

The Principality of Stavelot-Malmedy was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Privas

Privas (Privàs) is a commune of France, capital of the Ardèche department.

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Provinces of France

The Kingdom of France was organized into provinces until March 4, 1790, when the establishment of the department (French: département) system superseded provinces.

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Provinces of the Netherlands

There are currently twelve provinces of the Netherlands, representing the administrative layer between the national government and the local municipalities, with responsibility for matters of subnational or regional importance.

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Puducherry district

Puducherry district, formerly Pondicherry district is one of the four districts of the union territory of Puducherry in southern India.

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Puigcerdà

Puigcerdà (informally:,; Puigcerdá) is the capital of the Catalan comarca of Cerdanya, in the province of Girona, Catalonia, northern Spain, near the Segre River and on the border with France (it abuts directly onto the French town of Bourg-Madame).

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Puppet state

A puppet state is a state that is supposedly independent but is in fact dependent upon an outside power.

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Puy de Dôme

Puy de Dôme ((Auvergnat Puèi Domat, Puèi de Doma) is a large lava dome and one of the youngest volcanoes in the Chaîne des Puys region of Massif Central in central France. This chain of volcanoes including numerous cinder cones, lava domes, and maars is far from the edge of any tectonic plate. Puy de Dôme is approximately from Clermont-Ferrand. The Puy-de-Dôme département (with hyphens) is named after the volcano.

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Puy-de-Dôme

Puy-de-Dôme ((Auvergnat: lo Puèi de Doma or lo Puèi Domat) is a department in the centre of France named after the famous dormant volcano, the Puy de Dôme. Inhabitants were called Puydedomois until December 2005. With effect from Spring 2006, in response to a letter writing campaign, the name used for the inhabitants was changed by the Puy-de-Dôme General Council to Puydômois, and this is the name that has since then been used in all official documents and publications.

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Pyrénées-Atlantiques

Pyrénées-Atlantiques (Gascon: Pirenèus-Atlantics; Pirinio Atlantiarrak or Pirinio Atlantikoak) is a department in the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, in southwestern France.

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Pyrénées-Orientales

Pyrénées-Orientales (Pirineus Orientals; Pirenèus Orientals; "Eastern Pyrenees") is a department of southern France adjacent to the northern Spanish frontier and the Mediterranean Sea.

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Pyrenees

The Pyrenees (Pirineos, Pyrénées, Pirineus, Pirineus, Pirenèus, Pirinioak) is a range of mountains in southwest Europe that forms a natural border between Spain and France.

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Quimper

Quimper (Breton: Kemper, Latin: Civitas Aquilonia or Corisopitum) is a commune and capital of the Finistère department of Brittany in northwestern France.

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Radical Party of the Left

The Radical Party of the Left (Parti radical de gauche, PRG) was a social-liberal political party in France.

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République des Sept-Dizains

The République des Sept-Dizains (German Republik der Sieben Zenden "Republic of the Seven Tithings") was a state in the Upper Valais, in what is now the Swiss canton of Valais, during the Early Modern period.

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Réunion

Réunion (La Réunion,; previously Île Bourbon) is an island and region of France in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar and southwest of Mauritius.

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Rees, Germany

Rees is a town in the district of Cleves in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

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Regions of France

France is divided into 18 administrative regions (région), including 13 metropolitan regions and 5 overseas regions.

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Reign of Terror

The Reign of Terror, or The Terror (la Terreur), is the label given by some historians to a period during the French Revolution after the First French Republic was established.

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René Louis de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson

René-Louis de Voyer de Paulmy, Marquis d'Argenson (18 October 169426 January 1757) was a French statesman.

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Rennes

Rennes (Roazhon,; Gallo: Resnn) is a city in the east of Brittany in northwestern France at the confluence of the Ille and the Vilaine.

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Republic of Genoa

The Republic of Genoa (Repúbrica de Zêna,; Res Publica Ianuensis; Repubblica di Genova) was an independent state from 1005 to 1797 in Liguria on the northwestern Italian coast, incorporating Corsica from 1347 to 1768, and numerous other territories throughout the Mediterranean.

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Rhône

The Rhône (Le Rhône; Rhone; Walliser German: Rotten; Rodano; Rôno; Ròse) is one of the major rivers of Europe and has twice the average discharge of the Loire (which is the longest French river), rising in the Rhône Glacier in the Swiss Alps at the far eastern end of the Swiss canton of Valais, passing through Lake Geneva and running through southeastern France.

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Rhône (department)

Rhône (Rôno) is a French department located in the central Eastern region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes.

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Rhône-et-Loire

Rhône-et-Loire was a department of France whose prefecture (capital) was Lyon.

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Rhin-et-Moselle

Rhin-et-Moselle was a department of the First French Empire in present-day Germany.

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Rhine

--> The Rhine (Rhenus, Rein, Rhein, le Rhin,, Italiano: Reno, Rijn) is a European river that begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps, forms part of the Swiss-Liechtenstein, Swiss-Austrian, Swiss-German and then the Franco-German border, then flows through the German Rhineland and the Netherlands and eventually empties into the North Sea.

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Rodez

Rodez is a small city and commune in the South of France, about 150 km northeast of Toulouse.

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Rodrigues

Rodrigues (Île Rodrigues) is a autonomous outer island of the Republic of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean, about east of Mauritius.

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Roer (department)

Roer was a department of the First French Empire in present-day Germany and the Netherlands.

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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cologne

The Archdiocese of Cologne (Archidioecesis Coloniensis; Erzbistum Köln) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in western North Rhine-Westphalia and northern Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany.

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Roman Catholic Diocese of Liège

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Liège (Dioecesis Leodiensis) is a diocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic church in Belgium.

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Roman Catholic Diocese of Trier

The Roman Catholic diocese of Trier, in English traditionally known by its French name of Treves, is a diocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic church in Germany.

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Rome

Rome (Roma; Roma) is the capital city of Italy and a special comune (named Comune di Roma Capitale).

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Rome (department)

Rome was a department of the First French Empire in present-day Italy.

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Rouen

Rouen (Frankish: Rodomo; Rotomagus, Rothomagus) is a city on the River Seine in the north of France.

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Saïda, Algeria

Saïda (سعيدة) is the capital city of Saïda Province, Algeria.

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Saône

The Saône (La Saône; Arpitan Sona, Arar) is a river of eastern France.

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Saône-et-Loire

Saône-et-Loire (Arpitan: Sona-et-Lêre) is a French department, named after the Saône and the Loire rivers between which it lies.

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Saint Lucia

Saint Lucia (Sainte-Lucie) is a sovereign island country in the West Indies in the eastern Caribbean Sea on the boundary with the Atlantic Ocean.

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Saint Pierre and Miquelon

Saint Pierre and Miquelon, officially the Overseas Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Collectivité d'Outre-mer de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon), is a self-governing territorial overseas collectivity of France, situated in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean near the Newfoundland and Labrador province of Canada.

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Saint-Étienne

Saint-Étienne (Sant-Etiève; Saint Stephen) is a city in eastern central France, in the Massif Central, southwest of Lyon in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, on the trunk road that connects Toulouse with Lyon.

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Saint-Brieuc

Saint-Brieuc (Breton: Sant-Brieg, Gallo: Saent-Berioec) is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department in Brittany in northwestern France.

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Saint-Denis, Réunion

Saint-Denis (or unofficially Saint-Denis de la Réunion for disambiguation) is the préfecture (administrative capital) of the French overseas region and department of Réunion, in the Indian Ocean.

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Saint-Lô

Saint-Lô is a commune in north-western France, the capital of the Manche department in the region of Normandy.

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Saint-Pierre, Saint Pierre and Miquelon

Saint-Pierre is the capital of the French overseas collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, off the coast of Newfoundland in Canada.

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Sambre-et-Meuse

Sambre-et-Meuse was a department of the First French Empire in present-day Belgium.

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Sarre (department)

Sarre was a department created by the First French Republic and now part of Germany and Belgium.

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Sarthe

Sarthe is a French department situated in the Grand-Ouest of the country.

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Sarthe (river)

The Sarthe is a long river in western France.

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Savoie

Savoie (Arpitan: Savouè, Italian: Savoia, English: Savoy) is a French department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of the French Alps.

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Savona

Savona (Ligurian: Sann-a is a seaport and comune in the west part of the northern Italian region of Liguria, capital of the Province of Savona, in the Riviera di Ponente on the Mediterranean Sea. Savona used to be one of the chief seats of the Italian iron industry, having iron-works and foundries, shipbuilding, railway workshops, engineering shops, and a brass foundry. One of the most celebrated former inhabitants of Savona was the navigator Christopher Columbus, who farmed land in the area while chronicling his journeys. 'Columbus's house', a cottage situated in the Savona hills, lay between vegetable crops and fruit trees. It is one of several residences in Liguria associated with Columbus.

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Savoy

Savoy (Savouè,; Savoie; Savoia) is a cultural region in Western Europe.

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Sègre (department)

Sègre was a former department of the First French Empire in present-day Spain and Andorra, named after the river Segre.

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Sègre-Ter

Sègre-Ter was a department of France created in Spain on 7 March 1813 by merging the departments of Sègre and Ter.

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Sèvre Nantaise

The Sèvre Nantaise is a river in western France, a left-bank tributary to the Loire.

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Sèvre Niortaise

The Sèvre Niortaise is a long river in western France, flowing into the Atlantic Ocean.

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Sésia

Sésia was a department of the French Consulate and of the First French Empire in present-day Italy.

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Sétif

Setif (Berber: Ẓḍif or Sṭif, سطيف, Sitifis) is an Algerian city and the capital of the Stif Province, it is one of the most important cities of eastern Algeria and the country as a whole, since it is considered the trade capital of the country.

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Sétif (département)

Sétif is a former French département in Algeria which existed between 1957 and 1962.

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Seine

The Seine (La Seine) is a river and an important commercial waterway within the Paris Basin in the north of France.

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Seine (department)

Seine was a department of France encompassing Paris and its immediate suburbs.

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Seine-et-Marne

Seine-et-Marne is a French department, named after the Seine and Marne rivers, and located in the Île-de-France region.

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Seine-et-Oise

Seine-et-Oise was a département of France encompassing the western, northern, and southern parts of the metropolitan area of Paris.

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Seine-Maritime

Seine-Maritime is a department of France in the Normandy region of northern France.

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Seine-Saint-Denis

italic is a French department located in the italic region.

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Septinsular Republic

The Septinsular Republic (Ἑπτάνησος Πολιτεία, Repubblica Settinsulare, جزاييرى صباى موجتميا جومهورو Cezayir-i Seb'a-i Müctemia Cumhuru) was an island republic that existed from 1800 to 1807 under nominal Russian and Ottoman sovereignty in the Ionian Islands.

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Seychelles

Seychelles (French), officially the Republic of Seychelles (République des Seychelles; Creole: Repiblik Sesel), is an archipelago and sovereign state in the Indian Ocean.

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Siena

Siena (in English sometimes spelled Sienna; Sena Iulia) is a city in Tuscany, Italy.

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Simplon (department)

Simplon was a department of the First French Empire.

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Sion, Switzerland

Sion (Sitten; Seduno; Sedunum) is a Swiss town, a municipality, and the capital of the canton of Valais and of the district of Sion.

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Socialist Party (France)

The Socialist Party (Parti socialiste, PS) is a social-democratic political party in France, and the largest party of the French centre-left.

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Somme (department)

Somme is a department of France, located in the north of the country and named after the Somme river.

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Somme (river)

The Somme is a river in Picardy, northern France.

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Southern Netherlands

The Southern Netherlands, also called the Catholic Netherlands, was the part of the Low Countries largely controlled by Spain (1556–1714), later Austria (1714–1794), and occupied then annexed by France (1794–1815).

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Spanish Empire

The Spanish Empire (Imperio Español; Imperium Hispanicum), historically known as the Hispanic Monarchy (Monarquía Hispánica) and as the Catholic Monarchy (Monarquía Católica) was one of the largest empires in history.

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Special member state territories and the European Union

The special territories of the European Union are 31 territories of EU member states which, for historical, geographical, or political reasons, enjoy special status within or outside the European Union.

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Spoleto

Spoleto (Latin Spoletium) is an ancient city in the Italian province of Perugia in east-central Umbria on a foothill of the Apennines.

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Steinfurt

Steinfurt is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

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Strait of Dover

The Strait of Dover or Dover Strait, historically known as the Dover Narrows (pas de Calais - Strait of Calais); Nauw van Kales or Straat van Dover), is the strait at the narrowest part of the English Channel, marking the boundary between the Channel and North Sea, separating Great Britain from continental Europe. The shortest distance across the strait,, is from the South Foreland, northeast of Dover in the English county of Kent, to Cap Gris Nez, a cape near to Calais in the French département of Pas-de-Calais. Between these points lies the most popular route for cross-channel swimmers. The entire strait is within the territorial waters of France and the United Kingdom, but a right of transit passage under the UNCLOS exists allowing unrestricted shipping. On a clear day, it is possible to see the opposite coastline of England from France and vice versa with the naked eye, with the most famous and obvious sight being the white cliffs of Dover from the French coastline and shoreline buildings on both coastlines, as well as lights on either coastline at night, as in Matthew Arnold's poem "Dover Beach".

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Strasbourg

Strasbourg (Alsatian: Strossburi; Straßburg) is the capital and largest city of the Grand Est region of France and is the official seat of the European Parliament.

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Stura

Stura was a department of the French Consulate and of the First French Empire in present-day Italy.

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Subprefectures in France

In France, a subprefecture (sous-préfecture) is the administrative center of a departmental arrondissement that does not contain the prefecture for its department.

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Succession of states

Succession of states is a theory and practice in international relations regarding successor states.

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Tanaro (department)

Tanaro was a short-lived department of the French Consulate and of the First French Empire in present-day Italy.

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Tarbes

Tarbes (Tarba) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in the Occitanie region of southwestern France.

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Tarn (department)

Tarn is a French department located in the Occitanie region in the southwest of France named after the Tarn river.

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Tarn (river)

The Tarn (Tarn, Tarnis, possibly meaning 'rapid' or 'walled in') is a long river in southern France (régions Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyrénées), right tributary of the Garonne.

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Tarn-et-Garonne

Tarn-et-Garonne (Occitan: Tarn e Garona) is a department in the southwest of France.

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Taro (department)

Taro was a department of the First French Empire in present-day Italy.

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Ter (department)

Ter was a department of the First French Empire in present-day Spain, named after the river Ter.

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Territoire de Belfort

The Territoire de Belfort is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region of eastern France.

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Territorial collectivity

A territorial collectivity (or territorial authority, collectivité territoriale, previously collectivité locale) is a chartered subdivision of France, with recognized governing authority.

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The Centrists

The Centrists (Les Centristes, LC), formerly known as New Centre (Nouveau Centre, NC) and European Social Liberal Party (Parti Social Libéral Européen, PSLE), is a centre-right political party in France, formed by the members of the Union for French Democracy (UDF) – including 18 of the 29 members of the UDF in the National Assembly) – who did not agree with François Bayrou's decision to found the Democratic Movement (MoDem) and wanted to support the newly elected president Nicolas Sarkozy, continuing the UDF-Union for a Popular Movement (UMP) alliance. The party foundation was announced on 29 May 2007 during a press conference and renamed on 11 December 2016.

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The Guianas

The Guianas, sometimes called by the Spanish loan-word Guayanas (Las Guayanas), are a region in north-eastern South America which includes the following three territories.

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The Hague

The Hague (Den Haag,, short for 's-Gravenhage) is a city on the western coast of the Netherlands and the capital of the province of South Holland.

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Thorn, Netherlands

Thorn (Thoear) is a town in the municipality of Maasgouw, in the Dutch province of Limburg.

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Tiaret

Tiaret (Berber: Tahert or Tihert, ⵜⴰⵀⴻⵔⵜ, i.e. "Lioness"; تاهرت / تيارت) is a major city in central Algeria that gives its name to the wider farming region of Tiaret Province.

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Tizi Ouzou

Tizi Ouzou or Thizi Wezzu (Berber: Tizi Wezzu or Thizi Wezzu, ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵡⴻⵣⵣⵓ, Algerian Arabic: ثيزي وزو) is a city in north central Algeria.

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Tlemcen

Tlemcen (تلمسان Tlemsan; ⵜⵍⴻⵎⵙⴰⵏ) is a city in north-western Algeria, and the capital of the province of the same name.

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Tobago

Tobago is an autonomous island within the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago.

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Toulon

Toulon (Provençal: Tolon (classical norm), Touloun (Mistralian norm)) is a city in southern France and a large military harbour on the Mediterranean coast, with a major French naval base.

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Toulouse

Toulouse (Tolosa, Tolosa) is the capital of the French department of Haute-Garonne and of the region of Occitanie.

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Tournai

Tournai (Latin: Tornacum, Picard: Tornai), known in Dutch as Doornik and historically as Dornick in English, is a Walloon municipality of Belgium, southwest of Brussels on the river Scheldt.

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Tours

Tours is a city located in the centre-west of France.

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Trasimène

Trasimène was a department of the First French Empire in present-day Italy.

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Treaties of Tilsit

The Treaties of Tilsit were two agreements signed by Napoleon I of France in the town of Tilsit in July 1807 in the aftermath of his victory at Friedland.

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Treaty of Versailles

The Treaty of Versailles (Traité de Versailles) was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end.

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Trier

Trier (Tréier), formerly known in English as Treves (Trèves) and Triers (see also names in other languages), is a city in Germany on the banks of the Moselle.

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Troyes

Troyes is a commune and the capital of the department of Aube in north-central France.

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Tulle

Tulle is a commune in central France.

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Turin

Turin (Torino; Turin) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in northern Italy.

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Union for a Popular Movement

The Union for a Popular Movement (Union pour un mouvement populaire; UMP) was a centre-right political party in France that was one of the two major contemporary political parties in France along with the centre-left Socialist Party (PS).

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Union for French Democracy

The Union for French Democracy (Union pour la Démocratie Française, UDF) was a centre-right political party in France.

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United States of the Ionian Islands

The United States of the Ionian Islands (Inoménon Krátos ton Ioníon Níson, literally "United State of the Ionian Islands"; Stati Uniti delle Isole Ionie) was a state and amical protectorate of the United Kingdom between 1815 and 1864.

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Universal suffrage

The concept of universal suffrage, also known as general suffrage or common suffrage, consists of the right to vote of all adult citizens, regardless of property ownership, income, race, or ethnicity, subject only to minor exceptions.

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Urban Community of Lyon

The Urban Community of Lyon (Communauté urbaine de Lyon), also known as Grand Lyon (i.e. "Greater Lyon") or by its former acronym COURLY, is the former intercommunal structure gathering the city of Lyon (France) and some of its suburbs.

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Utrecht (province)

Utrecht is a province of the Netherlands.

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Val-d'Oise

Val-d'Oise is a French department, created in 1968 after the split of the Seine-et-Oise department and located in the Île-de-France region.

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Val-de-Marne

Val-de-Marne is a French department, named after the Marne River, located in the Île-de-France region.

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Valence (city)

Valence (Valença) is a commune in southeastern France, the capital of the Drôme department and within the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region.

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Vannes

Vannes is a commune in the Morbihan department in Brittany in north-western France.

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Var (department)

The Var is a department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Provence in southeastern France.

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Var (river)

The Var (Var, Varo, Varus) is a river located in the southeast of France.

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Vaucluse

The Vaucluse (Vauclusa in classical norm or Vau-Cluso in Mistralian norm) is a department in the southeast of France, named after the famous spring the Fontaine de Vaucluse.

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Vehicle registration plates of France

Vehicle registration plates are mandatory number plates used to display the registration mark of a vehicle registered in France.

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Vendée

The Vendée is a department in the Pays-de-la-Loire region in west-central France, on the Atlantic Ocean.

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Vendée (river)

The Vendée is a long river in western France, right tributary to the river Sèvre Niortaise.

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Venetian rule in the Ionian Islands

The Ionian Islands were an overseas possession of the Republic of Venice from the mid-14th century until the late 18th century.

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Vercelli

Vercelli (Vërsèj in Piedmontese), is a city and comune of 46.552 inhabitants (1-1-2017) in the Province of Vercelli, Piedmont, northern Italy.

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Versailles, Yvelines

Versailles is a city in the Yvelines département in Île-de-France region, renowned worldwide for the Château de Versailles and the gardens of Versailles, designated UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

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Vesoul

Vesoul is a commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté located in eastern France.

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Vienne

Vienne is a department in the French region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine.

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Vienne (river)

The Vienne (Vinhana) is one of the most important rivers in south-western France.

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Vilaine

The Vilaine (Gwilen) is a river in Brittany, in the west of France.

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Vosges

The Vosges (or; Vogesen), also called the Vosges Mountains, are a range of low mountains in eastern France, near its border with Germany.

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Vosges (department)

Vosges is an eastern department of France named after the Vosges mountain range.

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Wesel

Wesel is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

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World War I

World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.

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Yanaon

Yanaon or Yanam was a French colony between 1731 and 1954.

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Yonne

Yonne is a French department named after the river Yonne.

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Yonne (river)

The Yonne is a river in France, a left-bank tributary of the Seine.

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Yssel-Supérieur

Yssel-Supérieur ("Upper IJssel") was a department of the First French Empire in the present-day Netherlands.

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Yvelines

Yvelines is a French department in the region of Île-de-France.

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Zakynthos

Zakynthos (Ζάκυνθος, Zákynthos, Zacìnto) or Zante (Τζάντε, Tzánte, Zante; from Venetian), is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea.

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Zeelandic Flanders

Zeelandic Flanders (Zeelandic: Zeêuws-Vlaonderen) is the southernmost region of the province of Zeeland in the south-western Netherlands.

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Zuyderzée

Zuyderzée ("Southern Sea") was a department of the First French Empire in the present-day Netherlands.

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Zwolle

Zwolle is a city and municipality in the northeastern Netherlands serving as Overijssel's capital.

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130 departments of the First French Empire

This is a list of the 130 departments (départements), the conventional name for the administrative subdivisions of the First French Empire at the height of its territorial extent, circa 1811.

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Redirects here:

Conseil General, Conseiller General, Conseiller Général, Conseiller général, Departament of France, Departemant (France), Departement, Departement in France, Departement of France, Departements francais, Departements of France, Departements of france, Department (France), Department in France, Department of France, Departments in France, Departments of Frnace, Departments of france, Départemant (France), Département, Département français, Département in France, Département of France, Départements français, Départements of France, Départment in France, Départments of France, French Department, French Departments, French departements, French department, French departments, French départements, General Council of Alsace, General Councils of France, General councils of france, List of departments of France.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departments_of_France

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