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Earthquake

Index Earthquake

An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the shaking of the surface of the Earth, resulting from the sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves. [1]

219 relations: A Wrinkle in the Skin, Accelerograph, After the Quake, Aftershock, Aftershock: Earthquake in New York, Alaska, Anaxagoras, Arabian Plate, Aseismic creep, Asperity (materials science), Asteroseismology, Australia, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, Azores, Æsir, Baldr, BBC News, Beno Gutenberg, British Geological Survey, Building, California, Catfish, Cengage, Charles Francis Richter, Chile, Coal mining, Continental crust, Convergent boundary, Dam, Deep-focus earthquake, Deformation (mechanics), Denali Fault, Density, Disease, Divergent boundary, Downstate New York, Earth, Earthquake engineering, Earthquake forecasting, Earthquake insurance, Earthquake prediction, Earthquake warning system, El Salvador, Elastic energy, Elastic-rebound theory, Elasticity (physics), Electric power, Emergency management, Encarta, England, ..., Epicenter, Episodic tremor and slip, Eurasian Plate, European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre, Extensional tectonics, Fault (geology), Fire, Flinn–Engdahl regions, Focal mechanism, Forecasting, Foreshock, Fracture (geology), Fracture mechanics, Geographic coordinate system, Global warming, Goodbye California, Granularity, Great Hanshin earthquake, Greece, Greek mythology, Greenwood Publishing Group, Guatemala, Gutenberg–Richter law, Haruki Murakami, Helioseismology, Himalayas, Horizon (UK TV series), Hypocenter, India, Indonesia, Induced seismicity, Injection well, Interplate earthquake, Iran, IRIS Consortium, Italy, Japan, Japan Meteorological Agency seismic intensity scale, Japanese mythology, Landslide, Landslide dam, Liquid, List of earthquakes in Chile, Lists of earthquakes, Lithosphere, Loess, Loki, Love wave, Magma, Medvedev–Sponheuer–Karnik scale, Megacity, Megathrust earthquake, Mercalli intensity scale, Mexico, Mexico City, Moment magnitude scale, Mother Nature Network, Namazu (Japanese mythology), National Earthquake Information Center, National Geographic Society, Nepal, New Zealand, Newcastle, New South Wales, Norse mythology, North Anatolian Fault, Nuclear power plant, Oceanic crust, Oil well, Olivine, P-wave, Pacific Plate, Pakistan, Peak ground acceleration, Peru, Phase transition, Phase velocity, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Plate tectonics, Pliny the Elder, Popular culture, Portugal, Poseidon, Potential energy, Prediction, Prince William Sound, Property damage, Prose Edda, Quake (natural phenomenon), Rayleigh wave, Richter 10, Richter magnitude scale, Ring of Fire, S-wave, San Andreas (film), San Andreas Fault, Sarez Lake, Seismic intensity scales, Seismic magnitude scales, Seismic moment, Seismic retrofit, Seismic risk, Seismic wave, Seismicity, Seismite, Seismological Society of America, Seismology, Seismometer, Seismotectonics, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Sigyn, Slow earthquake, Snorri Sturluson, Solid, Sonic boom, Spinel, Stick-slip phenomenon, Strike and dip, Structure of the Earth, Subduction, Submarine earthquake, Supershear earthquake, Surface wave, Surface wave magnitude, Tajikistan, Takemikazuchi, Tehran, Thales of Miletus, The Earthquake in Chile, Thrust tectonics, Tidal triggering of earthquakes, Tide, Tiltmeter, Tokyo, Transform fault, Trident, Tsunami, Tsunami earthquake, Turkey, Types of earthquake, Underground nuclear weapons testing, United Kingdom, United States Geological Survey, University of Chicago Press, Usoi Dam, Volcano, Wadati–Benioff zone, Water well, Wave propagation, World War II, Yaodong, Yellowstone National Park, Zagros Mountains, Zipingpu Dam, 1556 Shaanxi earthquake, 1896 Sanriku earthquake, 1906 San Francisco earthquake, 1957 Andreanof Islands earthquake, 1960 Valdivia earthquake, 1964 Alaska earthquake, 1976 Tangshan earthquake, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, 1994 Northridge earthquake, 2001 Kunlun earthquake, 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, 2008 Sichuan earthquake, 2010 Haiti earthquake, 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, 2012 (film). Expand index (169 more) »

A Wrinkle in the Skin

A Wrinkle In The Skin (also known as The Ragged Edge) is a 1965 post-apocalyptic science fiction novel written by the English author John Christopher.

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Accelerograph

An accelerograph can be referred to as a strong-motion instrument or seismograph, or simply an earthquake accelerometer.

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After the Quake

is a collection of six short stories by Japanese author Haruki Murakami, written between 1999 and 2000.

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Aftershock

An aftershock is a smaller earthquake that occurs after a previous large earthquake, in the same area of the main shock.

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Aftershock: Earthquake in New York

Aftershock: Earthquake in New York is a 1999 miniseries that was broadcast in the United States on CBS in two parts, with the first part aired on November 14 and the second on November 16.

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Alaska

Alaska (Alax̂sxax̂) is a U.S. state located in the northwest extremity of North America.

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Anaxagoras

Anaxagoras (Ἀναξαγόρας, Anaxagoras, "lord of the assembly"; BC) was a Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher.

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Arabian Plate

The Arabian Plate is a tectonic plate in the northern and eastern hemispheres.

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Aseismic creep

In geology, aseismic creep or fault creep is measurable surface displacement along a fault in the absence of notable earthquakes.

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Asperity (materials science)

In materials science, asperity, defined as "unevenness of surface, roughness, ruggedness" (OED, from the Latin asper — "rough"), has implications (for example) in physics and seismology.

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Asteroseismology

Asteroseismology or astroseismology is the study of oscillations in stars.

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Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands.

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Australian Broadcasting Corporation

The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) founded in 1929 is Australia's national broadcaster, funded by the Australian Federal Government but specifically independent of Government and politics in the Commonwealth.

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Azores

The Azores (or; Açores), officially the Autonomous Region of the Azores (Região Autónoma dos Açores), is one of the two autonomous regions of Portugal.

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Æsir

In Old Norse, ǫ́ss (or áss, ás, plural æsir; feminine ásynja, plural ásynjur) is a member of the principal pantheon in Norse religion.

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Baldr

Baldr (also Balder, Baldur) is a god in Norse mythology, and a son of the god Odin and the goddess Frigg.

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BBC News

BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs.

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Beno Gutenberg

Beno Gutenberg (June 4, 1889 – January 25, 1960) was a German-American seismologist who made several important contributions to the science.

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British Geological Survey

The British Geological Survey (BGS) is a partly publicly-funded body which aims to advance geoscientific knowledge of the United Kingdom landmass and its continental shelf by means of systematic surveying, monitoring and research.

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Building

A building, or edifice, is a structure with a roof and walls standing more or less permanently in one place, such as a house or factory.

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California

California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States.

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Catfish

Catfish (or catfishes; order Siluriformes or Nematognathi) are a diverse group of ray-finned fish.

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Cengage

Cengage is an educational content, technology, and services company for the higher education, K-12, professional, and library markets worldwide.

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Charles Francis Richter

Charles Francis Richter; April 26, 1900 – September 30, 1985) was an American seismologist and physicist. Richter is most famous as the creator of the Richter magnitude scale, which, until the development of the moment magnitude scale in 1979, quantified the size of earthquakes. Inspired by Kiyoo Wadati’s 1928 paper on shallow and deep earthquakes, Richter first used the scale in 1935 after developing it in collaboration with Beno Gutenberg; both worked at the California Institute of Technology. The quote “logarithmic plots are a device of the devil” is attributed to Richter.

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Chile

Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a South American country occupying a long, narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west.

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Coal mining

Coal mining is the process of extracting coal from the ground.

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Continental crust

Continental crust is the layer of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks that forms the continents and the areas of shallow seabed close to their shores, known as continental shelves.

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Convergent boundary

In plate tectonics, a convergent boundary, also known as a destructive plate boundary, is a region of active deformation where two or more tectonic plates or fragments of the lithosphere are near the end of their life cycle.

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Dam

A dam is a barrier that stops or restricts the flow of water or underground streams.

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Deep-focus earthquake

A deep-focus earthquake in seismology (also called a plutonic earthquake) is an earthquake with a hypocenter depth exceeding 300 km.

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Deformation (mechanics)

Deformation in continuum mechanics is the transformation of a body from a reference configuration to a current configuration.

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Denali Fault

The Denali Fault is a major intracontinental dextral (right lateral) strike-slip fault in western North America, extending from northwestern British Columbia, Canada to the central region of the U.S. state of Alaska.

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Density

The density, or more precisely, the volumetric mass density, of a substance is its mass per unit volume.

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Disease

A disease is any condition which results in the disorder of a structure or function in an organism that is not due to any external injury.

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Divergent boundary

In plate tectonics, a divergent boundary or divergent plate boundary (also known as a constructive boundary or an extensional boundary) is a linear feature that exists between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other.

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Downstate New York

Downstate New York is a term denoting the portion of New York State, United States, in contrast to Upstate New York.

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Earth

Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.

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Earthquake engineering

Earthquake engineering is an interdisciplinary branch of engineering that designs and analyzes structures, such as buildings and bridges, with earthquakes in mind.

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Earthquake forecasting

Earthquake forecasting is a branch of the science of seismology concerned with the probabilistic assessment of general earthquake hazard, including the frequency and magnitude of damaging earthquakes in a given area over years or decades.

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Earthquake insurance

Earthquake insurance is a form of property insurance that pays the policyholder in the event of an earthquake that causes damage to the property.

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Earthquake prediction

Earthquake prediction is a branch of the science of seismology concerned with the specification of the time, location, and magnitude of future earthquakes within stated limits, and particularly "the determination of parameters for the next strong earthquake to occur in a region.

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Earthquake warning system

An earthquake warning system is a system of accelerometers, seismometers, communication, computers, and alarms that is devised for regional notification of a substantial earthquake while it is in progress.

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El Salvador

El Salvador, officially the Republic of El Salvador (República de El Salvador, literally "Republic of The Savior"), is the smallest and the most densely populated country in Central America.

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Elastic energy

Elastic energy is the potential mechanical energy stored in the configuration of a material or physical system as work is performed to distort its volume or shape.

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Elastic-rebound theory

In geology, the elastic-rebound theory is an explanation for how energy is released during an earthquake.

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Elasticity (physics)

In physics, elasticity (from Greek ἐλαστός "ductible") is the ability of a body to resist a distorting influence and to return to its original size and shape when that influence or force is removed.

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Electric power

Electric power is the rate, per unit time, at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric circuit.

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Emergency management

Emergency management or disaster management is the organization and management of the resources and responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies (preparedness, response, and recovery).

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Encarta

Microsoft Encarta was a digital multimedia encyclopedia published by Microsoft Corporation from 1993 to 2009.

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England

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

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Epicenter

The epicenter, epicentre or epicentrum in seismology is the point on the Earth's surface directly above a hypocenter or focus, the point where an earthquake or an underground explosion originates.

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Episodic tremor and slip

Episodic tremor and slip (ETS) is a seismological phenomenon observed in some subduction zones that is characterized by non-earthquake seismic rumbling, or tremor, and slow slip along the plate interface.

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Eurasian Plate

The Eurasian Plate is a tectonic plate which includes most of the continent of Eurasia (a landmass consisting of the traditional continents of Europe and Asia), with the notable exceptions of the Indian subcontinent, the Arabian subcontinent, and the area east of the Chersky Range in East Siberia.

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European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre

The European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre (EMSC) is a non profit organisation with 84 institutes as members from 55 different countries.

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Extensional tectonics

Extensional tectonics is concerned with the structures formed, and the tectonic processes associated with, the stretching of a planetary body's crust or lithosphere.

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Fault (geology)

In geology, a fault is a planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock, across which there has been significant displacement as a result of rock-mass movement.

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Fire

Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material in the exothermic chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction products.

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Flinn–Engdahl regions

The Flinn–Engdahl regions (or F–E regions) are a division of the Earth into seismic zones.

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Focal mechanism

The focal mechanism of an earthquake describes the deformation in the source region that generates the seismic waves.

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Forecasting

Forecasting is the process of making predictions of the future based on past and present data and most commonly by analysis of trends.

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Foreshock

A foreshock is an earthquake that occurs before a larger seismic event (the mainshock) and is related to it in both time and space.

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Fracture (geology)

A fracture is any separation in a geologic formation, such as a joint or a fault that divides the rock into two or more pieces.

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Fracture mechanics

Fracture mechanics is the field of mechanics concerned with the study of the propagation of cracks in materials.

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Geographic coordinate system

A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols.

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Global warming

Global warming, also referred to as climate change, is the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.

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Goodbye California

Goodbye California is a novel by Scottish author Alistair MacLean, first published in 1977.

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Granularity

Granularity (also called graininess), the condition of existing in grains or granules, refers to the extent to which a material or system is composed of distinguishable pieces or grains.

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Great Hanshin earthquake

The, or Kobe earthquake, occurred on January 17, 1995 at 05:46:53 JST (January 16 at 20:46:53 UTC) in the southern part of Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan, known as Hanshin.

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Greece

No description.

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Greek mythology

Greek mythology is the body of myths and teachings that belong to the ancient Greeks, concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world, and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices.

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Greenwood Publishing Group

ABC-CLIO/Greenwood is an educational and academic publisher (middle school through university level) which is today part of ABC-CLIO.

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Guatemala

Guatemala, officially the Republic of Guatemala (República de Guatemala), is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, Belize to the northeast, the Caribbean to the east, Honduras to the east and El Salvador to the southeast.

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Gutenberg–Richter law

In seismology, the Gutenberg–Richter law (GR law) expresses the relationship between the magnitude and total number of earthquakes in any given region and time period of at least that magnitude.

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Haruki Murakami

is a Japanese writer.

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Helioseismology

Helioseismology, a term coined by Douglas Gough, is the study of the structure and dynamics of the Sun through its oscillations.

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Himalayas

The Himalayas, or Himalaya, form a mountain range in Asia separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau.

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Horizon (UK TV series)

Horizon is an ongoing and long-running British documentary television series on BBC that covers science and philosophy.

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Hypocenter

A hypocenter (or hypocentre) (from ὑπόκεντρον for 'below the center') is the point of origin of an earthquake or a subsurface nuclear explosion.

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India

India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.

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Indonesia

Indonesia (or; Indonesian), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Republik Indonesia), is a transcontinental unitary sovereign state located mainly in Southeast Asia, with some territories in Oceania.

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Induced seismicity

Induced seismicity refers to typically minor earthquakes and tremors that are caused by human activity that alters the stresses and strains on the Earth's crust.

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Injection well

An injection well is a device that places fluid deep underground into porous rock formations, such as sandstone or limestone, or into or below the shallow soil layer.

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Interplate earthquake

An interplate earthquake is an earthquake that occurs at the boundary between two tectonic plates.

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Iran

Iran (ایران), also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. With over 81 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 18th-most-populous country. Comprising a land area of, it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 17th-largest in the world. Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan, to the north by the Caspian Sea, to the northeast by Turkmenistan, to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, give it geostrategic importance. Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic and cultural center. Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE. It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE, reaching its greatest territorial size in the sixth century BCE, when Cyrus the Great founded the Achaemenid Empire, which stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley, becoming one of the largest empires in history. The Iranian realm fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states. An Iranian rebellion culminated in the establishment of the Parthian Empire, which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire, a leading world power for the next four centuries. Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE, displacing the indigenous faiths of Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism with Islam. Iran made major contributions to the Islamic Golden Age that followed, producing many influential figures in art and science. After two centuries, a period of various native Muslim dynasties began, which were later conquered by the Turks and the Mongols. The rise of the Safavids in the 15th century led to the reestablishment of a unified Iranian state and national identity, with the country's conversion to Shia Islam marking a turning point in Iranian and Muslim history. Under Nader Shah, Iran was one of the most powerful states in the 18th century, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the Russian Empire led to significant territorial losses. Popular unrest led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy and the country's first legislature. A 1953 coup instigated by the United Kingdom and the United States resulted in greater autocracy and growing anti-Western resentment. Subsequent unrest against foreign influence and political repression led to the 1979 Revolution and the establishment of an Islamic republic, a political system that includes elements of a parliamentary democracy vetted and supervised by a theocracy governed by an autocratic "Supreme Leader". During the 1980s, the country was engaged in a war with Iraq, which lasted for almost nine years and resulted in a high number of casualties and economic losses for both sides. According to international reports, Iran's human rights record is exceptionally poor. The regime in Iran is undemocratic, and has frequently persecuted and arrested critics of the government and its Supreme Leader. Women's rights in Iran are described as seriously inadequate, and children's rights have been severely violated, with more child offenders being executed in Iran than in any other country in the world. Since the 2000s, Iran's controversial nuclear program has raised concerns, which is part of the basis of the international sanctions against the country. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, an agreement reached between Iran and the P5+1, was created on 14 July 2015, aimed to loosen the nuclear sanctions in exchange for Iran's restriction in producing enriched uranium. Iran is a founding member of the UN, ECO, NAM, OIC, and OPEC. It is a major regional and middle power, and its large reserves of fossil fuels – which include the world's largest natural gas supply and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves – exert considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy. The country's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the third-largest number in Asia and eleventh-largest in the world. Iran is a multicultural country comprising numerous ethnic and linguistic groups, the largest being Persians (61%), Azeris (16%), Kurds (10%), and Lurs (6%).

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IRIS Consortium

IRIS (Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology) is a university research consortium dedicated to exploring the Earth's interior through the collection and distribution of seismographic data.

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Italy

Italy (Italia), officially the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), is a sovereign state in Europe.

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Japan

Japan (日本; Nippon or Nihon; formally 日本国 or Nihon-koku, lit. "State of Japan") is a sovereign island country in East Asia.

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Japan Meteorological Agency seismic intensity scale

The Japan Meteorological Agency seismic intensity scale is a seismic scale used in Japan to measure the intensity of earthquakes.

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Japanese mythology

Japanese mythology embraces Shinto and Buddhist traditions as well as agriculturally-based folk religion.

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Landslide

The term landslide or, less frequently, landslip, refers to several forms of mass wasting that include a wide range of ground movements, such as rockfalls, deep-seated slope failures, mudflows and debris flows.

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Landslide dam

A landslide dam or barrier lake is a natural damming of a river by some kind of landslides, such as debris flows and rock avalanches, or by volcanic eruptions.

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Liquid

A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure.

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List of earthquakes in Chile

This list of earthquakes in Chile includes every known major earthquake that was felt or with its epicenter within Chile's current boundaries.

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Lists of earthquakes

The following is a list of earthquake lists, and of top earthquakes by magnitude and fatalities.

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Lithosphere

A lithosphere (λίθος for "rocky", and σφαίρα for "sphere") is the rigid, outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet, or natural satellite, that is defined by its rigid mechanical properties.

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Loess

Loess (from German Löss) is a clastic, predominantly silt-sized sediment that is formed by the accumulation of wind-blown dust.

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Loki

Loki (Old Norse, Modern Icelandic, often Anglicized as) is a god in Norse mythology.

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Love wave

In elastodynamics, Love waves, named after Augustus Edward Hough Love, are horizontally polarized surface waves.

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Magma

Magma (from Ancient Greek μάγμα (mágma) meaning "thick unguent") is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock, volatiles and solids that is found beneath the surface of the Earth, and is expected to exist on other terrestrial planets and some natural satellites.

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Medvedev–Sponheuer–Karnik scale

The Medvedev–Sponheuer–Karnik scale, also known as the MSK or MSK-64, is a macroseismic intensity scale used to evaluate the severity of ground shaking on the basis of observed effects in an area of the earthquake occurrence.

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Megacity

A megacity is a very large city, typically with a total population in excess of 10 million people.

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Megathrust earthquake

Megathrust earthquakes occur at subduction zones at destructive convergent plate boundaries, where one tectonic plate is forced underneath another.

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Mercalli intensity scale

The Mercalli intensity scale is a seismic intensity scale used for measuring the intensity of an earthquake.

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Mexico

Mexico (México; Mēxihco), officially called the United Mexican States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos) is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America.

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Mexico City

Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Ciudad de México,; abbreviated as CDMX), is the capital of Mexico and the most populous city in North America.

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Moment magnitude scale

The moment magnitude scale (MMS; denoted as Mw or M) is one of many seismic magnitude scales used to measure the size of earthquakes.

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Mother Nature Network

Mother Nature Network (mnn.com) is a website with news and information related to sustainability, health, lifestyle, technology, money, food, home, and family.

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Namazu (Japanese mythology)

In Japanese mythology, the or is a giant catfish who causes earthquakes.

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National Earthquake Information Center

The National Earthquake Information Center (abbreviated NEIC) is part of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) located on the campus of the Colorado School of Mines in Golden, Colorado.

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National Geographic Society

The National Geographic Society (NGS), headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States, is one of the largest non-profit scientific and educational institutions in the world.

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Nepal

Nepal (नेपाल), officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal (सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल), is a landlocked country in South Asia located mainly in the Himalayas but also includes parts of the Indo-Gangetic Plain.

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New Zealand

New Zealand (Aotearoa) is a sovereign island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.

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Newcastle, New South Wales

The Newcastle metropolitan area is the second most populated area in the Australian state of New South Wales and includes most of the Newcastle and Lake Macquarie local government areas.

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Norse mythology

Norse mythology is the body of myths of the North Germanic people stemming from Norse paganism and continuing after the Christianization of Scandinavia and into the Scandinavian folklore of the modern period.

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North Anatolian Fault

The North Anatolian Fault (NAF) (Kuzey Anadolu Fay Hattı.) is an active right-lateral strike-slip fault in northern Anatolia which runs along the transform boundary between the Eurasian Plate and the Anatolian Plate.

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Nuclear power plant

A nuclear power plant or nuclear power station is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor.

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Oceanic crust

Oceanic crust is the uppermost layer of the oceanic portion of a tectonic plate.

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Oil well

An oil well is a boring in the Earth that is designed to bring petroleum oil hydrocarbons to the surface.

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Olivine

The mineral olivine is a magnesium iron silicate with the formula (Mg2+, Fe2+)2SiO4.

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P-wave

A P-wave is one of the two main types of elastic body waves, called seismic waves in seismology.

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Pacific Plate

The Pacific Plate is an oceanic tectonic plate that lies beneath the Pacific Ocean.

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Pakistan

Pakistan (پاکِستان), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (اِسلامی جمہوریہ پاکِستان), is a country in South Asia.

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Peak ground acceleration

Peak ground acceleration (PGA) is equal to the maximum ground acceleration that occurred during earthquake shaking at a location.

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Peru

Peru (Perú; Piruw Republika; Piruw Suyu), officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America.

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Phase transition

The term phase transition (or phase change) is most commonly used to describe transitions between solid, liquid and gaseous states of matter, and, in rare cases, plasma.

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Phase velocity

The phase velocity of a wave is the rate at which the phase of the wave propagates in space.

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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society

Philosophical Transactions, titled Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (often abbreviated as Phil. Trans.) from 1776, is a scientific journal published by the Royal Society.

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Plate tectonics

Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin tectonicus, from the τεκτονικός "pertaining to building") is a scientific theory describing the large-scale motion of seven large plates and the movements of a larger number of smaller plates of the Earth's lithosphere, since tectonic processes began on Earth between 3 and 3.5 billion years ago.

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Pliny the Elder

Pliny the Elder (born Gaius Plinius Secundus, AD 23–79) was a Roman author, naturalist and natural philosopher, a naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and friend of emperor Vespasian.

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Popular culture

Popular culture (also called pop culture) is generally recognized as a set of the practices, beliefs, and objects that are dominant or ubiquitous in a society at a given point in time.

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Portugal

Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa),In recognized minority languages of Portugal: Portugal is the oldest state in the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe, its territory having been continuously settled, invaded and fought over since prehistoric times.

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Poseidon

Poseidon (Ποσειδῶν) was one of the Twelve Olympians in ancient Greek religion and myth.

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Potential energy

In physics, potential energy is the energy possessed by an object because of its position relative to other objects, stresses within itself, its electric charge, or other factors.

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Prediction

A prediction (Latin præ-, "before," and dicere, "to say"), or forecast, is a statement about a future event.

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Prince William Sound

Prince William Sound (Чугацкий залив Čugatski zaliv) is a sound of the Gulf of Alaska on the south coast of the U.S. state of Alaska.

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Property damage

Property damage (or, in England and Wales criminal damage) is damage to or the destruction of public or private property, caused either by a person who is not its owner or by natural phenomena.

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Prose Edda

The Prose Edda, also known as the Younger Edda, Snorri's Edda (Snorra Edda) or, historically, simply as Edda, is an Old Norse work of literature written in Iceland in the early 13th century.

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Quake (natural phenomenon)

A quake is the result when the surface of a planet, moon or star begins to shake, usually as the consequence of a sudden release of energy transmitted as seismic waves, and potentially with great violence.

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Rayleigh wave

Rayleigh waves are a type of surface acoustic wave that travel along the surface of solids.

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Richter 10

Richter 10 is a 1996 science fiction novel by Arthur C. Clarke and Mike McQuay.

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Richter magnitude scale

The so-called Richter magnitude scale – more accurately, Richter's magnitude scale, or just Richter magnitude – for measuring the strength ("size") of earthquakes refers to the original "magnitude scale" developed by Charles F. Richter and presented in his landmark 1935 paper, and later revised and renamed the Local magnitude scale, denoted as "ML" or "ML".

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Ring of Fire

The Ring of Fire is a major area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where many earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur.

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S-wave

In seismology, S-waves, secondary waves, or shear waves (sometimes called an elastic S-wave) are a type of elastic wave, and are one of the two main types of elastic body waves, so named because they move through the body of an object, unlike surface waves.

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San Andreas (film)

San Andreas is a 2015 American disaster film directed by Brad Peyton and written by Carlton Cuse, with Andre Fabrizio and Jeremy Passmore receiving story credit.

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San Andreas Fault

The San Andreas Fault is a continental transform fault that extends roughly through California.

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Sarez Lake

Sarez Lake is a lake in Rushon District of Gorno-Badakhshan province, Tajikistan.

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Seismic intensity scales

Seismic intensity scales categorize the intensity or severity of ground shaking (quaking) at a given location, such as resulting from an earthquake.

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Seismic magnitude scales

Seismic magnitude scales are used to describe the overall strength or "size" of an earthquake.

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Seismic moment

Seismic moment is a quantity used by seismologists to measure the size of an earthquake.

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Seismic retrofit

Seismic retrofitting is the modification of existing structures to make them more resistant to seismic activity, ground motion, or soil failure due to earthquakes.

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Seismic risk

Seismic risk refers to the risk of damage from earthquake to a building, system, or other entity.

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Seismic wave

Seismic waves are waves of energy that travel through the Earth's layers, and are a result of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, magma movement, large landslides and large man-made explosions that give out low-frequency acoustic energy.

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Seismicity

Seismicity is a measure which encompasses earthquake occurrences, mechanisms, and magnitude at a given geographical location.

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Seismite

Seismites are sedimentary beds and structures deformed by seismic shaking.

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Seismological Society of America

The Seismological Society of America (SSA) is an international scientific society devoted to the advancement of seismology and the understanding of earthquakes for the benefit of society.

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Seismology

Seismology (from Ancient Greek σεισμός (seismós) meaning "earthquake" and -λογία (-logía) meaning "study of") is the scientific study of earthquakes and the propagation of elastic waves through the Earth or through other planet-like bodies.

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Seismometer

A seismometer is an instrument that measures motion of the ground, caused by, for example, an earthquake, a volcanic eruption, or the use of explosives.

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Seismotectonics

Seismotectonics is the study of the relationship between the earthquakes, active tectonics and individual faults of a region.

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Shaanxi

Shaanxi is a province of the People's Republic of China.

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Sichuan

Sichuan, formerly romanized as Szechuan or Szechwan, is a province in southwest China occupying most of the Sichuan Basin and the easternmost part of the Tibetan Plateau between the Jinsha River on the west, the Daba Mountains in the north, and the Yungui Plateau to the south.

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Sigyn

In Norse mythology, Sigyn (Old Norse "victorious girl-friend"Orchard (1997:146).) is a goddess and is the wife of Loki.

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Slow earthquake

A slow earthquake is a discontinuous, earthquake-like event that releases energy over a period of hours to months, rather than the seconds to minutes characteristic of a typical earthquake.

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Snorri Sturluson

Snorri Sturluson (1179 – 23 September 1241) was an Icelandic historian, poet, and politician.

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Solid

Solid is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being liquid, gas, and plasma).

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Sonic boom

A sonic boom is the sound associated with the shock waves created whenever an object traveling through the air travels faster than the speed of sound.

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Spinel

Spinel is the magnesium aluminium member of the larger spinel group of minerals.

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Stick-slip phenomenon

The stick-slip phenomenon, also known as the slip-stick phenomenon or simply stick-slip, is the spontaneous jerking motion that can occur while two objects are sliding over each other.

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Strike and dip

Strike and dip refer to the orientation or attitude of a geologic feature.

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Structure of the Earth

The interior structure of the Earth is layered in spherical shells: an outer silicate solid crust, a highly viscous asthenosphere and mantle, a liquid outer core that is much less viscous than the mantle, and a solid inner core.

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Subduction

Subduction is a geological process that takes place at convergent boundaries of tectonic plates where one plate moves under another and is forced or sinks due to gravity into the mantle.

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Submarine earthquake

A submarine, undersea, or underwater earthquake is an earthquake that occurs underwater at the bottom of a body of water, especially an ocean.

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Supershear earthquake

A supershear earthquake is an earthquake in which the propagation of the rupture along the fault surface occurs at speeds in excess of the seismic shear wave (S-wave) velocity.

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Surface wave

In physics, a surface wave is a mechanical wave that propagates along the interface between differing media.

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Surface wave magnitude

The surface wave magnitude (M_s) scale is one of the magnitude scales used in seismology to describe the size of an earthquake.

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Tajikistan

Tajikistan (or; Тоҷикистон), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Jumhuriyi Tojikiston), is a mountainous, landlocked country in Central Asia with an estimated population of million people as of, and an area of.

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Takemikazuchi

Takemikazuchi (or, "Brave-Awful-Possessing" or "Thunder-God") is a deity in Japanese mythology, considered a god of thunder and sword god.

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Tehran

Tehran (تهران) is the capital of Iran and Tehran Province.

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Thales of Miletus

Thales of Miletus (Θαλῆς (ὁ Μιλήσιος), Thalēs; 624 – c. 546 BC) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher, mathematician, and astronomer from Miletus in Asia Minor (present-day Milet in Turkey).

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The Earthquake in Chile

The Earthquake in Chile (Das Erdbeben in Chili) is a novella written by Heinrich von Kleist (1777–1811) and published in 1807.

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Thrust tectonics

Thrust tectonics or contractional tectonics is concerned with the structures formed, and the tectonic processes associated with, the shortening and thickening of the crust or lithosphere.

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Tidal triggering of earthquakes

Tidal triggering of earthquakes is the idea that tidal forces may induce seismicity.

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Tide

Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and the Sun and the rotation of Earth.

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Tiltmeter

A tiltmeter is a sensitive inclinometer designed to measure very small changes from the vertical level, either on the ground or in structures.

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Tokyo

, officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and has been the capital since 1869.

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Transform fault

A transform fault or transform boundary is a plate boundary where the motion is predominantly horizontal.

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Trident

A trident is a three-pronged spear.

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Tsunami

A tsunami (from 津波, "harbour wave"; English pronunciation) or tidal wave, also known as a seismic sea wave, is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake.

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Tsunami earthquake

A tsunami earthquake triggers a tsunami of a magnitude that is very much larger than the magnitude of the earthquake as measured by shorter-period seismic waves.

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Turkey

Turkey (Türkiye), officially the Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe.

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Types of earthquake

This is a list of different types of earthquake.

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Underground nuclear weapons testing

Underground nuclear testing is the test detonation of nuclear weapons that is performed underground.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.

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United States Geological Survey

The United States Geological Survey (USGS, formerly simply Geological Survey) is a scientific agency of the United States government.

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University of Chicago Press

The University of Chicago Press is the largest and one of the oldest university presses in the United States.

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Usoi Dam

The Usoi Dam is a natural landslide dam along the Murghab River in Tajikistan.

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Volcano

A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.

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Wadati–Benioff zone

A Wadati–Benioff zone (also Benioff–Wadati zone or Benioff zone or Benioff seismic zone) is a planar zone of seismicity corresponding with the down-going slab in a subduction zone.

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Water well

A water well is an excavation or structure created in the ground by digging, driving, boring, or drilling to access groundwater in underground aquifers.

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Wave propagation

Wave propagation is any of the ways in which waves travel.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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Yaodong

A yaodong or "house cave" is a particular form of earth shelter dwelling common in the Loess Plateau in China's north.

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Yellowstone National Park

Yellowstone National Park is an American national park located in Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho.

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Zagros Mountains

The Zagros Mountains (کوه‌های زاگرس; چیاکانی زاگرۆس) form the largest mountain range in Iran, Iraq and southeastern Turkey.

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Zipingpu Dam

Zipingpu Dam (紫坪铺水利枢纽) is an embankment dam on the Min River near the city of Dujiangyan, Sichuan Province in southwest China.

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1556 Shaanxi earthquake

The 1556 Shaanxi earthquake or Huaxian earthquake or Jiajing earthquake was a catastrophic earthquake and is also the deadliest earthquake on record, killing approximately 830,000 people.

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1896 Sanriku earthquake

The 1896 Sanriku earthquake was one of the most destructive seismic events in Japanese history.

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1906 San Francisco earthquake

The 1906 San Francisco earthquake struck the coast of Northern California at 5:12 a.m. on Wednesday, April 18 with an estimated moment magnitude of 7.9 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme).

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1957 Andreanof Islands earthquake

The 1957 Andreanof Islands earthquake took place on March 9 with a moment magnitude of 8.6 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe).

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1960 Valdivia earthquake

The 1960 Valdivia earthquake (Terremoto de Valdivia) or Great Chilean earthquake (Gran terremoto de Chile) of 22 May is the most powerful earthquake ever recorded.

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1964 Alaska earthquake

The 1964 Alaskan earthquake, also known as the Great Alaskan earthquake and Good Friday earthquake, occurred at 5:36 PM AST on Good Friday, March 27.

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1976 Tangshan earthquake

The Tangshan earthquake, also known as the Great Tangshan earthquake,Zschau, Jochen.

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1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens

On May 18, 1980, a major volcanic eruption occurred at Mount St. Helens, a volcano located in Skamania County, in the State of Washington.

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1994 Northridge earthquake

The 1994 Northridge earthquake occurred on January 17, at 4:30:55 a.m. PST and had its epicenter in Reseda, a neighborhood in the north-central San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles, California, USA.

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2001 Kunlun earthquake

The 2001 Kunlun earthquake also known as the 2001 Kokoxili earthquake, occurred on 14 November 2001 at 09:26 UTC (17:26 local time), with an epicenter near Kokoxili, close to the border between Qinghai and Xinjiang in a remote mountainous region.

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2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami

The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake occurred at 00:58:53 UTC on 26 December with the epicentre off the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia.

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2008 Sichuan earthquake

The 2008 Sichuan earthquakeSome early Western reports used the term Chengdu quake; e.g.,,, etc.

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2010 Haiti earthquake

The 2010 Haiti earthquake (Séisme de 2010 à Haïti; Tranblemanntè 12 janvye 2010 nan peyi Ayiti) was a catastrophic magnitude 7.0 Mw earthquake, with an epicenter near the town of Léogâne (Ouest), approximately west of Port-au-Prince, Haiti's capital.

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2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami

The was a magnitude 9.0–9.1 (Mw) undersea megathrust earthquake off the coast of Japan that occurred at 14:46 JST (05:46 UTC) on Friday 11 March 2011, with the epicentre approximately east of the Oshika Peninsula of Tōhoku and the hypocenter at an underwater depth of approximately.

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2012 (film)

2012 is a 2009 American epic science fiction disaster film directed by Roland Emmerich and starring John Cusack, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Amanda Peet, Oliver Platt, Thandie Newton, Danny Glover and Woody Harrelson.

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Causes of earthquakes, Earth Quake, Earth quake, Earth quakes, Earth tremor, Earthquakes, Earthshake, Lindol, Low-magnitude earthquake, Quake weapons, Seism, Seismic activity, Seismic event, Seismic movement, Site effects (earthquake), Speedjump, Tectonic earthquake, The kinds of earthquakes.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake

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