Communication

414 relations: Abiotic component, Abundance (ecology), Adaptation, Aerenchyma, Agriculture, Agroecology, Agroforestry, Akaike information criterion, Aldo Leopold, Alexander von Humboldt, Alfred J. Lotka, Algae, Allopatric speciation, Alpine tundra, Ammonia, Amoeba, Anaerobic organism, Animal migration, Anoxic waters, Anoxygenic photosynthesis, Ant, Anthropocene, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Apartheid, Aphid, Applied science, Aquatic ecosystem, Arbuscular mycorrhiza, Aristotle, Arthur Tansley, Autotroph, Bacteria, Balance of nature, Basic research, Beaver, Bee, Bioaccumulation, Biocomplexity, Biodiversity, Biodiversity loss, Biogeochemical cycle, Biogeography, Biological dispersal, Biological interaction, Biological life cycle, Biological organisation, Biological specificity, Biology, Biomass, Biomass (ecology), ..., Biome, Biomechanics, Biomolecule, Biophysics, Biosphere, Biotic component, Biotope, Bioturbation, Bird-of-paradise, Brackish water, C4 carbon fixation, Carbon, Carbon cycle, Carbon dioxide, Carl Linnaeus, Carnivore, Carrying capacity, Cell (biology), Charles Darwin, Charles F. Cooper (ecologist), Charles Sutherland Elton, Chemical ecology, Chemosynthesis, Circles of Sustainability, Circulatory system, Climate, Cline (biology), Cloning, Coast, Cognitive science, Columbia River drainage basin, Commensalism, Community (ecology), Community health, Competitive exclusion principle, Complex system, Concept map, Conservation biology, Consumer, Coral, Coupled human–environment system, Courtship, Cultural ecology, DDT, Decomposer, Decomposition, Desert, Deserts and xeric shrublands, Detritivore, Developmental biology, Devonian, Dialectic, Dialectical naturalism, Dimension, Display (zoology), Dolphin, Dynamic equilibrium, E. O. Wilson, Ecological death, Ecological economics, Ecological network, Ecological psychology, Ecological pyramid, Ecological resilience, Ecological succession, Ecophysiology, Ecosophy, Ecosystem, Ecosystem diversity, Ecosystem engineer, Ecosystem health, Ecosystem management, Ecosystem services, Ecotone, Ecotope, Electrochemical gradient, Electromagnetic spectrum, Ellen Swallow Richards, Emergence, Emigration, Enactivism, Energy, Energy budget, Enthalpy, Environment (biophysical), Environmental gradient, Environmental impact assessment, Environmental movement, Environmental science, Environmentalism, Ernst Haeckel, Erosion, Essentialism, Estuary, Ethology, Euclidean space, Eugenius Warming, Eusociality, Euthenics, Evapotranspiration, Evolution, Evolutionary biology, Evolutionary ecology, Facultative anaerobic organism, Fecundity, Feedback, Fermentation, Ferric, Field research, Fig wasp, Fishery, Flight zone, Food chain, Food energy, Food web, Forestry, Frederic Clements, Freshwater ecosystem, Fungus, Fungus-growing ants, G. Evelyn Hutchinson, Gaia hypothesis, Gene, Genetic diversity, Genetics, Geomorphology, George Perkins Marsh, Germination, Gilbert White, Global warming, Glossary of ecology, Gravitropism, Great Oxygenation Event, Greenhouse gas, Group selection, Habitat, Hagfish, Halophyte, Henry A. Gleason (botanist), Herbivore, Heredity, Herodotus, Heterotroph, Heuristic, Hippocrates, Holism, Home economics, Homeorhesis, Homeostasis, Host (biology), Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, Human ecology, Hydrogen, Hydrogen sulfide, Hypoxia (environmental), Idealism, Immigration, Index of biology articles, Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Industrial ecology, Information ecology, Insular biogeography, Interdisciplinarity, Invasive species, Isaac Newton, James Hutton, Jan Smuts, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, John Avise, Journal of Biogeography, Julia Lathrop, Juvenile (organism), Kelp, Kin selection, Kinji Imanishi, Landscape, Landscape ecology, Leech, Lichen, Life history theory, Linnaean taxonomy, List of ecologists, Logistic function, Malthusian growth model, Manganese, Marine ecosystem, Materialism, Matrix (mathematics), Metabolic theory of ecology, Metaphysics, Metaphysics (Aristotle), Methane, Methanogen, Microbiota, Microcosm (experimental ecosystem), Microorganism, Mineral, Molecular ecology, Molecular Ecology, Molecular genetics, Monism, Monogamy, Monosaccharide, Montane ecosystems, Mutation, Mutualism (biology), Mysticism, Naked mole-rat, Natural capital, Natural history, Natural resource, Natural resource management, Natural science, Natural selection, Negative feedback, Nematode, Neritic zone, Neuroscience, Niche construction, Nile crocodile, Nitrate, Nitrogen, Nitrogen fixation, Nonlinear system, Normative science, Novel ecosystem, Nutrient, Nutrient cycle, Ocean, Oligocene, Omnivore, On the Origin of Species, Organ (anatomy), Organic compound, Organism, Orogeny, Orographic lift, Osmoregulation, Osmotic pressure, Outgassing, Outline of biology, Outline of Earth sciences, Oxygen, Paleoecology, Panarchy, Parasitism, Park Grass Experiment, Parts-per notation, Pedogenesis, Pedosphere, Permafrost, Pesticide, Phenomenon, Phenotype, Phenotypic trait, Phosphorus, Photosynthesis, Phylogenetics, Phylogeography, Physiology, Phytoplankton, Pinniped, Pinus halepensis, Plantesamfund, Plate tectonics, Poikilotherm, Polar desert, Political ecology, Pollination, Polymerase chain reaction, Pond, Population, Population density, Population ecology, Population growth, Potential energy, Predation, Pressure, Primary producers, Primary production, Prodoxidae, Promiscuity, Propagule, Rachel Carson, Radiant energy, Rain shadow, Randomness, Range (biology), Raymond Lindeman, Red Queen hypothesis, Redox, Reduction potential, Reductionism, Relative species abundance, Resource (biology), Richard Bradley (botanist), Robert H. MacArthur, Salamander, Sandpiper, Scientific method, Scientific modelling, Sea otter, Sea urchin, Sensory ecology, Seral community, Serotiny, Sexual selection, Silent Spring, Silicon dioxide, Silviculture, Slime mold, Social capital, Social spider, Society, Soil ecology, Solar energy, Solar irradiance, Species, Species diversity, Sperm, Spiritual ecology, Steller's sea cow, Sulfate, Sulfur, Superorganism, Sustainable development, Symbiosis, Systems biology, Taiga, Taxonomy (biology), Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest, Temperate deciduous forest, Temperature, Terrestrial ecosystem, The Theory of Island Biogeography, Theophrastus, Theoretical ecology, Thermocline, Thermodynamics, Tissue (biology), Trade winds, Tree swallow, Trends (journals), Trophic level, Trophic species, Tropical rainforest, Tundra, Turbulence, Umwelt, Urban ecology, Vladimir Vernadsky, W. D. Ross, Warm-blooded, Wasp, Water column, Water filter, Wavelength, Weevil, Westerlies, Wetland, Whale, Xylem, Zooplankton, 1866. Expand index (364 more) » « Shrink index

Abiotic component

In biology and ecology, abiotic components or abiotic factors are non-living chemical and physical parts of the environment that affect living organisms and the functioning of ecosystems.

New!!: Ecology and Abiotic component · See more »

Abundance (ecology)

In ecology, abundance is the relative representation of a species in a particular ecosystem.

New!!: Ecology and Abundance (ecology) · See more »

Adaptation

In biology, adaptation has three related meanings.

New!!: Ecology and Adaptation · See more »

Aerenchyma

Aerenchyma is a spongy tissue that forms spaces or air channels in the leaves, stems and roots of some plants, which allows exchange of gases between the shoot and the root.

New!!: Ecology and Aerenchyma · See more »

Agriculture

Agriculture is the cultivation of land and breeding of animals and plants to provide food, fiber, medicinal plants and other products to sustain and enhance life.

New!!: Ecology and Agriculture · See more »

Agroecology

Agroecology is the study of ecological processes applied to agricultural production systems.

New!!: Ecology and Agroecology · See more »

Agroforestry

Agroforestry is a land use management system in which trees or shrubs are grown around or among crops or pastureland.

New!!: Ecology and Agroforestry · See more »

Akaike information criterion

The Akaike information criterion (AIC) is an estimator of the relative quality of statistical models for a given set of data.

New!!: Ecology and Akaike information criterion · See more »

Aldo Leopold

Aldo Leopold (January 11, 1887 – April 21, 1948) was an American author, philosopher, scientist, ecologist, forester, conservationist, and environmentalist.

New!!: Ecology and Aldo Leopold · See more »

Alexander von Humboldt

Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt (14 September 17696 May 1859) was a Prussian polymath, geographer, naturalist, explorer, and influential proponent of Romantic philosophy and science.

New!!: Ecology and Alexander von Humboldt · See more »

Alfred J. Lotka

Alfred James Lotka (March 2, 1880 – December 5, 1949) was a US mathematician, physical chemist, and statistician, famous for his work in population dynamics and energetics.

New!!: Ecology and Alfred J. Lotka · See more »

Algae

Algae (singular alga) is an informal term for a large, diverse group of photosynthetic organisms that are not necessarily closely related, and is thus polyphyletic.

New!!: Ecology and Algae · See more »

Allopatric speciation

Allopatric speciation (from the ancient Greek allos, meaning "other", and patris, meaning "fatherland"), also referred to as geographic speciation, vicariant speciation, or its earlier name, the dumbbell model, is a mode of speciation that occurs when biological populations of the same species become isolated from each other to an extent that prevents or interferes with genetic interchange.

New!!: Ecology and Allopatric speciation · See more »

Alpine tundra

Alpine tundra is a type of natural region or biome that does not contain trees because it is at high altitude.

New!!: Ecology and Alpine tundra · See more »

Ammonia

Ammonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3.

New!!: Ecology and Ammonia · See more »

Amoeba

An amoeba (rarely spelled amœba, US English spelled ameba; plural am(o)ebas or am(o)ebae), often called amoeboid, is a type of cell or organism which has the ability to alter its shape, primarily by extending and retracting pseudopods.

New!!: Ecology and Amoeba · See more »

Anaerobic organism

An anaerobic organism or anaerobe is any organism that does not require oxygen for growth.

New!!: Ecology and Anaerobic organism · See more »

Animal migration

Animal migration is the relatively long-distance movement of individual animals, usually on a seasonal basis.

New!!: Ecology and Animal migration · See more »

Anoxic waters

Anoxic waters are areas of sea water, fresh water, or groundwater that are depleted of dissolved oxygen and are a more severe condition of hypoxia.

New!!: Ecology and Anoxic waters · See more »

Anoxygenic photosynthesis

Bacterial anoxygenic photosynthesis is distinguished from the more familiar terrestrial plant oxygenic photosynthesis by the nature of the terminal reductant (e.g. hydrogen sulfide rather than water) and in the byproduct generated (e.g. elemental sulfur instead of molecular oxygen).

New!!: Ecology and Anoxygenic photosynthesis · See more »

Ant

Ants are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the order Hymenoptera.

New!!: Ecology and Ant · See more »

Anthropocene

The Anthropocene is a proposed epoch dating from the commencement of significant human impact on the Earth's geology and ecosystems, including, but not limited to, anthropogenic climate change.

New!!: Ecology and Anthropocene · See more »

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek FRS (24 October 1632 – 26 August 1723) was a Dutch businessman and scientist in the Golden Age of Dutch science and technology.

New!!: Ecology and Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · See more »

Apartheid

Apartheid started in 1948 in theUnion of South Africa |year_start.

New!!: Ecology and Apartheid · See more »

Aphid

Aphids are small sap-sucking insects and members of the superfamily Aphidoidea.

New!!: Ecology and Aphid · See more »

Applied science

Applied science is the application of existing scientific knowledge to practical applications, like technology or inventions.

New!!: Ecology and Applied science · See more »

Aquatic ecosystem

An aquatic ecosystem is an ecosystem in a body of water.

New!!: Ecology and Aquatic ecosystem · See more »

Arbuscular mycorrhiza

An arbuscular mycorrhiza (plural mycorrhizae or mycorrhizas, a.k.a. endomycorrhiza) is a type of mycorrhiza in which the fungus (AM fungi, or AMF) penetrates the cortical cells of the roots of a vascular plant.

New!!: Ecology and Arbuscular mycorrhiza · See more »

Aristotle

Aristotle (Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs,; 384–322 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stagira, Chalkidiki, in the north of Classical Greece.

New!!: Ecology and Aristotle · See more »

Arthur Tansley

Sir Arthur George Tansley FLS, FRS (15 August 1871 – 25 November 1955) was an English botanist and a pioneer in the science of ecology.

New!!: Ecology and Arthur Tansley · See more »

Autotroph

An autotroph ("self-feeding", from the Greek autos "self" and trophe "nourishing") or producer, is an organism that produces complex organic compounds (such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) from simple substances present in its surroundings, generally using energy from light (photosynthesis) or inorganic chemical reactions (chemosynthesis).

New!!: Ecology and Autotroph · See more »

Bacteria

Bacteria (common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) is a type of biological cell.

New!!: Ecology and Bacteria · See more »

Balance of nature

The balance of nature is a theory that proposes that ecological systems are usually in a stable equilibrium or homeostasis, which is to say that a small change in some particular parameter (the size of a particular population, for example) will be corrected by some negative feedback that will bring the parameter back to its original "point of balance" with the rest of the system.

New!!: Ecology and Balance of nature · See more »

Basic research

Basic research, also called pure research or fundamental research, has the scientific research aim to improve scientific theories for improved understanding or prediction of natural or other phenomena.

New!!: Ecology and Basic research · See more »

Beaver

The beaver (genus Castor) is a large, primarily nocturnal, semiaquatic rodent.

New!!: Ecology and Beaver · See more »

Bee

Bees are flying insects closely related to wasps and ants, known for their role in pollination and, in the case of the best-known bee species, the European honey bee, for producing honey and beeswax.

New!!: Ecology and Bee · See more »

Bioaccumulation

Bioaccumulation is the accumulation of substances, such as pesticides, or other chemicals in an organism.

New!!: Ecology and Bioaccumulation · See more »

Biocomplexity

Biocomplexity is the study of complex structures and behaviors that arise from nonlinear interactions of active biological agents, which may range in scale from molecules to cells to organisms.

New!!: Ecology and Biocomplexity · See more »

Biodiversity

Biodiversity, a portmanteau of biological (life) and diversity, generally refers to the variety and variability of life on Earth.

New!!: Ecology and Biodiversity · See more »

Biodiversity loss

Loss of biodiversity or biodiversity loss is the extinction of species (human, plant or animal) worldwide, and also the local reduction or loss of species in a certain habitat.

New!!: Ecology and Biodiversity loss · See more »

Biogeochemical cycle

In geography and Earth science, a biogeochemical cycle or substance turnover or cycling of substances is a pathway by which a chemical substance moves through biotic (biosphere) and abiotic (lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere) compartments of Earth.

New!!: Ecology and Biogeochemical cycle · See more »

Biogeography

Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time.

New!!: Ecology and Biogeography · See more »

Biological dispersal

Biological dispersal refers to both the movement of individuals (animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, etc.) from their birth site to their breeding site ('natal dispersal'), as well as the movement from one breeding site to another ('breeding dispersal').

New!!: Ecology and Biological dispersal · See more »

Biological interaction

Biological interactions are the effects that the organisms in a community have on each other.

New!!: Ecology and Biological interaction · See more »

Biological life cycle

In biology, a biological life cycle (or just life cycle when the biological context is clear) is a series of changes in form that an organism undergoes, returning to the starting state.

New!!: Ecology and Biological life cycle · See more »

Biological organisation

Biological organization is the hierarchy of complex biological structures and systems that define life using a reductionistic approach.

New!!: Ecology and Biological organisation · See more »

Biological specificity

In biology, biological specificity is the tendency of a characteristic such as a behavior or a biochemical variation to occur in a particular species.

New!!: Ecology and Biological specificity · See more »

Biology

Biology is the natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their physical structure, chemical composition, function, development and evolution.

New!!: Ecology and Biology · See more »

Biomass

Biomass is an industry term for getting energy by burning wood, and other organic matter.

New!!: Ecology and Biomass · See more »

Biomass (ecology)

Biomass is the mass of living biological organisms in a given area or ecosystem at a given time.

New!!: Ecology and Biomass (ecology) · See more »

Biome

A biome is a community of plants and animals that have common characteristics for the environment they exist in.

New!!: Ecology and Biome · See more »

Biomechanics

Biomechanics is the study of the structure and function of the mechanical aspects of biological systems, at any level from whole organisms to organs, cells and cell organelles, using the methods of mechanics.

New!!: Ecology and Biomechanics · See more »

Biomolecule

A biomolecule or biological molecule is a loosely used term for molecules and ions that are present in organisms, essential to some typically biological process such as cell division, morphogenesis, or development.

New!!: Ecology and Biomolecule · See more »

Biophysics

Biophysics is an interdisciplinary science that applies the approaches and methods of physics to study biological systems.

New!!: Ecology and Biophysics · See more »

Biosphere

The biosphere (from Greek βίος bíos "life" and σφαῖρα sphaira "sphere") also known as the ecosphere (from Greek οἶκος oîkos "environment" and σφαῖρα), is the worldwide sum of all ecosystems.

New!!: Ecology and Biosphere · See more »

Biotic component

Biotic components or biotic factors, can be described as any living component that affects another organism, or shapes the ecosystem.

New!!: Ecology and Biotic component · See more »

Biotope

A biotope is an area of uniform environmental conditions providing a living place for a specific assemblage of plants and animals.

New!!: Ecology and Biotope · See more »

Bioturbation

Bioturbation is defined as the reworking of soils and sediments by animals or plants.

New!!: Ecology and Bioturbation · See more »

Bird-of-paradise

The birds-of-paradise are members of the family Paradisaeidae of the order Passeriformes.

New!!: Ecology and Bird-of-paradise · See more »

Brackish water

Brackish water is water that has more salinity than fresh water, but not as much as seawater.

New!!: Ecology and Brackish water · See more »

C4 carbon fixation

C4 carbon fixation or the Hatch-Slack pathway is a photosynthetic process in some plants.

New!!: Ecology and C4 carbon fixation · See more »

Carbon

Carbon (from carbo "coal") is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6.

New!!: Ecology and Carbon · See more »

Carbon cycle

The carbon cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, pedosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of the Earth.

New!!: Ecology and Carbon cycle · See more »

Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide (chemical formula) is a colorless gas with a density about 60% higher than that of dry air.

New!!: Ecology and Carbon dioxide · See more »

Carl Linnaeus

Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement as Carl von LinnéBlunt (2004), p. 171.

New!!: Ecology and Carl Linnaeus · See more »

Carnivore

A carnivore, meaning "meat eater" (Latin, caro, genitive carnis, meaning "meat" or "flesh" and vorare meaning "to devour"), is an organism that derives its energy and nutrient requirements from a diet consisting mainly or exclusively of animal tissue, whether through predation or scavenging.

New!!: Ecology and Carnivore · See more »

Carrying capacity

The carrying capacity of a biological species in an environment is the maximum population size of the species that the environment can sustain indefinitely, given the food, habitat, water, and other necessities available in the environment.

New!!: Ecology and Carrying capacity · See more »

Cell (biology)

The cell (from Latin cella, meaning "small room") is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms.

New!!: Ecology and Cell (biology) · See more »

Charles Darwin

Charles Robert Darwin, (12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution.

New!!: Ecology and Charles Darwin · See more »

Charles F. Cooper (ecologist)

Charles F. Cooper (1924–1994) was an American born ecologist known for his studies of fire ecology and ecosystem management.

New!!: Ecology and Charles F. Cooper (ecologist) · See more »

Charles Sutherland Elton

Charles Sutherland Elton (29 March 1900 – 1 May 1991) was an English zoologist and animal ecologist.

New!!: Ecology and Charles Sutherland Elton · See more »

Chemical ecology

Chemical ecology examines the role of chemical interactions between living organisms and their environment, as the consequences of those interactions on the ethology and evolution of the organisms involved.

New!!: Ecology and Chemical ecology · See more »

Chemosynthesis

In biochemistry, chemosynthesis is the biological conversion of one or more carbon-containing molecules (usually carbon dioxide or methane) and nutrients into organic matter using the oxidation of inorganic compounds (e.g., hydrogen gas, hydrogen sulfide) or methane as a source of energy, rather than sunlight, as in photosynthesis.

New!!: Ecology and Chemosynthesis · See more »

Circles of Sustainability

Circles of Sustainability is a method for understanding and assessing sustainability, and for managing projects directed towards socially sustainable outcomes.

New!!: Ecology and Circles of Sustainability · See more »

Circulatory system

The circulatory system, also called the cardiovascular system or the vascular system, is an organ system that permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and from the cells in the body to provide nourishment and help in fighting diseases, stabilize temperature and pH, and maintain homeostasis.

New!!: Ecology and Circulatory system · See more »

Climate

Climate is the statistics of weather over long periods of time.

New!!: Ecology and Climate · See more »

Cline (biology)

In biology, a cline (from the Greek “klinein”, meaning “to lean”) is a measurable gradient in a single character (or biological trait) of a species across its geographical range.

New!!: Ecology and Cline (biology) · See more »

Cloning

Cloning is the process of producing genetically identical individuals of an organism either naturally or artificially.

New!!: Ecology and Cloning · See more »

Coast

A coastline or a seashore is the area where land meets the sea or ocean, or a line that forms the boundary between the land and the ocean or a lake.

New!!: Ecology and Coast · See more »

Cognitive science

Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes.

New!!: Ecology and Cognitive science · See more »

Columbia River drainage basin

The Columbia River drainage basin is the drainage basin of the Columbia River in the Pacific Northwest region of North America.

New!!: Ecology and Columbia River drainage basin · See more »

Commensalism

Commensalism is a long term biological interaction (symbiosis) in which members of one species gain benefits while those of the other species are neither benefited nor harmed.

New!!: Ecology and Commensalism · See more »

Community (ecology)

In ecology, a community is a group or association of populations of two or more different species occupying the same geographical area and in a particular time, also known as a biocoenosis The term community has a variety of uses.

New!!: Ecology and Community (ecology) · See more »

Community health

Community health is a major field of study within the medical and clinical sciences which focuses on the maintenance, protection, and improvement of the health status of population groups and communities.

New!!: Ecology and Community health · See more »

Competitive exclusion principle

In ecology, the competitive exclusion principle, sometimes referred to as Gause's law, is a proposition named for Georgy Gause that two species competing for the same limiting resource cannot coexist at constant population values.

New!!: Ecology and Competitive exclusion principle · See more »

Complex system

A complex system is a system composed of many components which may interact with each other.

New!!: Ecology and Complex system · See more »

Concept map

A concept map or conceptual diagram is a diagram that depicts suggested relationships between concepts.

New!!: Ecology and Concept map · See more »

Conservation biology

Conservation biology is the management of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions.

New!!: Ecology and Conservation biology · See more »

Consumer

A consumer is a person or organization that use economic services or commodities.

New!!: Ecology and Consumer · See more »

Coral

Corals are marine invertebrates in the class Anthozoa of phylum Cnidaria.

New!!: Ecology and Coral · See more »

Coupled human–environment system

A coupled human–environment system (known also as a coupled human and natural system, or CHANS) characterizes the dynamical two-way interactions between human systems (e.g., economic, social) and natural (e.g., hydrologic, atmospheric, biological, geological) systems.

New!!: Ecology and Coupled human–environment system · See more »

Courtship

Courtship is the period of development towards an intimate relationship wherein people (usually a couple) get to know each other and decide if there will be an engagement or other romantic arrangement.

New!!: Ecology and Courtship · See more »

Cultural ecology

Cultural ecology is the study of human adaptations to social and physical environments.

New!!: Ecology and Cultural ecology · See more »

DDT

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, commonly known as DDT, is a colorless, tasteless, and almost odorless crystalline chemical compound, an organochlorine, originally developed as an insecticide, and ultimately becoming infamous for its environmental impacts.

New!!: Ecology and DDT · See more »

Decomposer

Decomposers are organisms that break down dead or decaying organisms, and in doing so, they carry out the natural process of decomposition.

New!!: Ecology and Decomposer · See more »

Decomposition

Decomposition is the process by which organic substances are broken down into simpler organic matter.

New!!: Ecology and Decomposition · See more »

Desert

A desert is a barren area of landscape where little precipitation occurs and consequently living conditions are hostile for plant and animal life.

New!!: Ecology and Desert · See more »

Deserts and xeric shrublands

Deserts and xeric shrublands are a biome characterized by receiving only a small amount of moisture, usually defined as less than 250 mm of annual precipitation.

New!!: Ecology and Deserts and xeric shrublands · See more »

Detritivore

Detritivores, also known as detrivores, detritophages, detritus feeders, or detritus eaters, are heterotrophs that obtain nutrients by consuming detritus (decomposing plant and animal parts as well as feces).

New!!: Ecology and Detritivore · See more »

Developmental biology

Developmental biology is the study of the process by which animals and plants grow and develop.

New!!: Ecology and Developmental biology · See more »

Devonian

The Devonian is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic, spanning 60 million years from the end of the Silurian, million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Carboniferous, Mya.

New!!: Ecology and Devonian · See more »

Dialectic

Dialectic or dialectics (διαλεκτική, dialektikḗ; related to dialogue), also known as the dialectical method, is at base a discourse between two or more people holding different points of view about a subject but wishing to establish the truth through reasoned arguments.

New!!: Ecology and Dialectic · See more »

Dialectical naturalism

Dialectical naturalism is a term coined by American philosopher Murray Bookchin to describe the philosophical underpinnings of the political program of social ecology.

New!!: Ecology and Dialectical naturalism · See more »

Dimension

In physics and mathematics, the dimension of a mathematical space (or object) is informally defined as the minimum number of coordinates needed to specify any point within it.

New!!: Ecology and Dimension · See more »

Display (zoology)

Display is a form of animal behaviour, connected to sexual selection and survival of the species in various ways.

New!!: Ecology and Display (zoology) · See more »

Dolphin

Dolphins are a widely distributed and diverse group of aquatic mammals.

New!!: Ecology and Dolphin · See more »

Dynamic equilibrium

In chemistry, a dynamic equilibrium exists once a reversible reaction ceases to change its ratio of reactants/products, but substances move between the chemicals at an equal rate, meaning there is no net change.

New!!: Ecology and Dynamic equilibrium · See more »

E. O. Wilson

Edward Osborne Wilson (born June 10, 1929), usually cited as E. O. Wilson, is an American biologist, researcher, theorist, naturalist and author.

New!!: Ecology and E. O. Wilson · See more »

Ecological death

Ecological death is the inability of an organism to function in an ecological context, leading to death.

New!!: Ecology and Ecological death · See more »

Ecological economics

Ecological economics (also called eco-economics, ecolonomy or bioeconomics of Georgescu-Roegen) is both a transdisciplinary and an interdisciplinary field of academic research addressing the interdependence and coevolution of human economies and natural ecosystems, both intertemporally and spatially.

New!!: Ecology and Ecological economics · See more »

Ecological network

An ecological network is a representation of the biotic interactions in an ecosystem, in which species (nodes) are connected by pairwise interactions (links).

New!!: Ecology and Ecological network · See more »

Ecological psychology

Ecological psychology is a term claimed by several schools of psychology with the main one involving the work of James J. Gibson and his associates, and another one the work of Roger G. Barker, Herb Wright and associates at the University of Kansas in Lawrence.

New!!: Ecology and Ecological psychology · See more »

Ecological pyramid

An ecological pyramid (also trophic pyramid, eltonian pyramid, energy pyramid, or sometimes food pyramid) is a graphical representation designed to show the biomass or bio productivity at each trophic level in a given ecosystem.

New!!: Ecology and Ecological pyramid · See more »

Ecological resilience

In ecology, resilience is the capacity of an ecosystem to respond to a perturbation or disturbance by resisting damage and recovering quickly.

New!!: Ecology and Ecological resilience · See more »

Ecological succession

Ecological succession is the process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time.

New!!: Ecology and Ecological succession · See more »

Ecophysiology

Ecophysiology (from Greek οἶκος, oikos, "house(hold)"; φύσις, physis, "nature, origin"; and -λογία, -logia), environmental physiology or physiological ecology is a biological discipline that studies the adaptation of an organism's physiology to environmental conditions.

New!!: Ecology and Ecophysiology · See more »

Ecosophy

Ecosophy or ecophilosophy (a portmanteau of ecological philosophy) is a philosophy of ecological harmony or equilibrium.

New!!: Ecology and Ecosophy · See more »

Ecosystem

An ecosystem is a community made up of living organisms and nonliving components such as air, water, and mineral soil.

New!!: Ecology and Ecosystem · See more »

Ecosystem diversity

Ecosystem diversity deals with the variations in ecosystems within a geographical location and its overall impact on human existence and the environment.

New!!: Ecology and Ecosystem diversity · See more »

Ecosystem engineer

An ecosystem engineer is any organism that creates, significantly modifies, maintains or destroys a habitat.

New!!: Ecology and Ecosystem engineer · See more »

Ecosystem health

Ecosystem health is a metaphor used to describe the condition of an ecosystem.

New!!: Ecology and Ecosystem health · See more »

Ecosystem management

Ecosystem management is a process that aims to conserve major ecological services and restore natural resources while meeting the socioeconomic, political and cultural needs of current and future generations.

New!!: Ecology and Ecosystem management · See more »

Ecosystem services

Ecosystem services are the many and varied benefits that humans freely gain from the natural environment and from properly-functioning ecosystems.

New!!: Ecology and Ecosystem services · See more »

Ecotone

An ecotone is a transition area between two biomes.

New!!: Ecology and Ecotone · See more »

Ecotope

Ecotopes are the smallest ecologically distinct landscape features in a landscape mapping and classification system.

New!!: Ecology and Ecotope · See more »

Electrochemical gradient

An electrochemical gradient is a gradient of electrochemical potential, usually for an ion that can move across a membrane.

New!!: Ecology and Electrochemical gradient · See more »

Electromagnetic spectrum

The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of frequencies (the spectrum) of electromagnetic radiation and their respective wavelengths and photon energies.

New!!: Ecology and Electromagnetic spectrum · See more »

Ellen Swallow Richards

Ellen Henrietta Swallow Richards (December 3, 1842 – March 30, 1911) was an industrial and safety engineer, environmental chemist, and university faculty member in the United States during the 19th century.

New!!: Ecology and Ellen Swallow Richards · See more »

Emergence

In philosophy, systems theory, science, and art, emergence occurs when "the whole is greater than the sum of the parts," meaning the whole has properties its parts do not have.

New!!: Ecology and Emergence · See more »

Emigration

Emigration is the act of leaving a resident country or place of residence with the intent to settle elsewhere.

New!!: Ecology and Emigration · See more »

Enactivism

Enactivism argues that cognition arises through a dynamic interaction between an acting organism and its environment.

New!!: Ecology and Enactivism · See more »

Energy

In physics, energy is the quantitative property that must be transferred to an object in order to perform work on, or to heat, the object.

New!!: Ecology and Energy · See more »

Energy budget

An energy budget is a balance sheet of energy income against expenditure.

New!!: Ecology and Energy budget · See more »

Enthalpy

Enthalpy is a property of a thermodynamic system.

New!!: Ecology and Enthalpy · See more »

Environment (biophysical)

A biophysical environment is a biotic and abiotic surrounding of an organism or population, and consequently includes the factors that have an influence in their survival, development, and evolution.

New!!: Ecology and Environment (biophysical) · See more »

Environmental gradient

An environmental gradient is a gradual change in abiotic factors through space (or time).

New!!: Ecology and Environmental gradient · See more »

Environmental impact assessment

Environmental assessment (EA) is the assessment of the environmental consequences (positive and negative) of a plan, policy, program, or actual projects prior to the decision to move forward with the proposed action.

New!!: Ecology and Environmental impact assessment · See more »

Environmental movement

The environmental movement (sometimes referred to as the ecology movement), also including conservation and green politics, is a diverse scientific, social, and political movement for addressing environmental issues.

New!!: Ecology and Environmental movement · See more »

Environmental science

Environmental science is an interdisciplinary academic field that integrates physical, biological and information sciences (including ecology, biology, physics, chemistry, plant science, zoology, mineralogy, oceanology, limnology, soil science, geology and physical geography (geodesy), and atmospheric science) to the study of the environment, and the solution of environmental problems.

New!!: Ecology and Environmental science · See more »

Environmentalism

Environmentalism or environmental rights is a broad philosophy, ideology, and social movement regarding concerns for environmental protection and improvement of the health of the environment, particularly as the measure for this health seeks to incorporate the impact of changes to the environment on humans, animals, plants and non-living matter.

New!!: Ecology and Environmentalism · See more »

Ernst Haeckel

Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Haeckel (16 February 1834 – 9 August 1919) was a German biologist, naturalist, philosopher, physician, professor, marine biologist, and artist who discovered, described and named thousands of new species, mapped a genealogical tree relating all life forms, and coined many terms in biology, including anthropogeny, ecology, phylum, phylogeny, and Protista. Haeckel promoted and popularised Charles Darwin's work in Germany and developed the influential but no longer widely held recapitulation theory ("ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny") claiming that an individual organism's biological development, or ontogeny, parallels and summarises its species' evolutionary development, or phylogeny.

New!!: Ecology and Ernst Haeckel · See more »

Erosion

In earth science, erosion is the action of surface processes (such as water flow or wind) that remove soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust, and then transport it to another location (not to be confused with weathering which involves no movement).

New!!: Ecology and Erosion · See more »

Essentialism

Essentialism is the view that every entity has a set of attributes that are necessary to its identity and function.

New!!: Ecology and Essentialism · See more »

Estuary

An estuary is a partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea.

New!!: Ecology and Estuary · See more »

Ethology

Ethology is the scientific and objective study of animal behaviour, usually with a focus on behaviour under natural conditions, and viewing behaviour as an evolutionarily adaptive trait.

New!!: Ecology and Ethology · See more »

Euclidean space

In geometry, Euclidean space encompasses the two-dimensional Euclidean plane, the three-dimensional space of Euclidean geometry, and certain other spaces.

New!!: Ecology and Euclidean space · See more »

Eugenius Warming

Johannes Eugenius Bülow Warming (3 November 1841 – 2 April 1924), known as Eugen Warming, was a Danish botanist and a main founding figure of the scientific discipline of ecology.

New!!: Ecology and Eugenius Warming · See more »

Eusociality

Eusociality (from Greek εὖ eu "good" and social), the highest level of organization of animal sociality, is defined by the following characteristics: cooperative brood care (including care of offspring from other individuals), overlapping generations within a colony of adults, and a division of labor into reproductive and non-reproductive groups.

New!!: Ecology and Eusociality · See more »

Euthenics

Euthenics is the study of the improvement of human functioning and well-being by improvement of living conditions.

New!!: Ecology and Euthenics · See more »

Evapotranspiration

Evapotranspiration (ET) is the sum of evaporation and plant transpiration from the Earth's land and ocean surface to the atmosphere.

New!!: Ecology and Evapotranspiration · See more »

Evolution

Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.

New!!: Ecology and Evolution · See more »

Evolutionary biology

Evolutionary biology is the subfield of biology that studies the evolutionary processes that produced the diversity of life on Earth, starting from a single common ancestor.

New!!: Ecology and Evolutionary biology · See more »

Evolutionary ecology

Evolutionary ecology lies at the intersection of ecology and evolutionary biology.

New!!: Ecology and Evolutionary ecology · See more »

Facultative anaerobic organism

The title of this article should be "Facultative Aerobic Organism," as "facultative anaerobe" is a misnomer.

New!!: Ecology and Facultative anaerobic organism · See more »

Fecundity

In human demography and population biology, fecundity is the potential for reproduction of an organism or population, measured by the number of gametes (eggs), seed set, or asexual propagules.

New!!: Ecology and Fecundity · See more »

Feedback

Feedback occurs when outputs of a system are routed back as inputs as part of a chain of cause-and-effect that forms a circuit or loop.

New!!: Ecology and Feedback · See more »

Fermentation

Fermentation is a metabolic process that consumes sugar in the absence of oxygen.

New!!: Ecology and Fermentation · See more »

Ferric

Ferric refers to iron-containing materials or compounds.

New!!: Ecology and Ferric · See more »

Field research

Field research or fieldwork is the collection of information outside a laboratory, library or workplace setting.

New!!: Ecology and Field research · See more »

Fig wasp

Fig wasps are wasps of the superfamily Chalcidoidea which spend their larval stage inside figs.

New!!: Ecology and Fig wasp · See more »

Fishery

Generally, a fishery is an entity engaged in raising or harvesting fish which is determined by some authority to be a fishery.

New!!: Ecology and Fishery · See more »

Flight zone

The flight zone of an animal is the area surrounding an animal that if encroached upon by a potential predator or threat, including humans, will cause alarm and escape behavior.

New!!: Ecology and Flight zone · See more »

Food chain

A food chain is a linear network of links in a food web starting from producer organisms (such as grass or trees which use radiation from the Sun to make their food) and ending at apex predator species (like grizzly bears or killer whales), detritivores (like earthworms or woodlice), or decomposer species (such as fungi or bacteria).

New!!: Ecology and Food chain · See more »

Food energy

Food energy is chemical energy that animals (including humans) derive from food through the process of cellular respiration.

New!!: Ecology and Food energy · See more »

Food web

A food web (or food cycle) is a natural interconnection of food chains and a graphical representation (usually an image) of what-eats-what in an ecological community.

New!!: Ecology and Food web · See more »

Forestry

Forestry is the science and craft of creating, managing, using, conserving, and repairing forests, woodlands, and associated resources to meet desired goals, needs, and values for human and environment benefits.

New!!: Ecology and Forestry · See more »

Frederic Clements

Frederic Edward Clements (September 16, 1874 – July 26, 1945) was an American plant ecologist and pioneer in the study of vegetation succession.

New!!: Ecology and Frederic Clements · See more »

Freshwater ecosystem

Freshwater ecosystems are a subset of Earth's aquatic ecosystems.

New!!: Ecology and Freshwater ecosystem · See more »

Fungus

A fungus (plural: fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.

New!!: Ecology and Fungus · See more »

Fungus-growing ants

Fungus-growing ants (tribe Attini) comprise all the known fungus-growing ant species participating in ant-fungus mutualism.

New!!: Ecology and Fungus-growing ants · See more »

G. Evelyn Hutchinson

George Evelyn Hutchinson (January 30, 1903 – May 17, 1991), was a British ecologist sometimes described as the "father of modern ecology." He contributed for more than sixty years to the fields of limnology, systems ecology, radiation ecology, entomology, genetics, biogeochemistry, a mathematical theory of population growth, art history, philosophy, religion, and anthropology.

New!!: Ecology and G. Evelyn Hutchinson · See more »

Gaia hypothesis

The Gaia hypothesis, also known as the Gaia theory or the Gaia principle, proposes that living organisms interact with their inorganic surroundings on Earth to form a synergistic and self-regulating, complex system that helps to maintain and perpetuate the conditions for life on the planet.

New!!: Ecology and Gaia hypothesis · See more »

Gene

In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.

New!!: Ecology and Gene · See more »

Genetic diversity

Genetic diversity is the total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species.

New!!: Ecology and Genetic diversity · See more »

Genetics

Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms.

New!!: Ecology and Genetics · See more »

Geomorphology

Geomorphology (from Ancient Greek: γῆ, gê, "earth"; μορφή, morphḗ, "form"; and λόγος, lógos, "study") is the scientific study of the origin and evolution of topographic and bathymetric features created by physical, chemical or biological processes operating at or near the Earth's surface.

New!!: Ecology and Geomorphology · See more »

George Perkins Marsh

George Perkins Marsh (March 15, 1801 – July 23, 1882), an American diplomat and philologist, is considered by some to be America's first environmentalist and by recognizing the irreversible impact of man's actions on the earth, a precursor to the sustainability concept, although "conservationist" would be more accurate.

New!!: Ecology and George Perkins Marsh · See more »

Germination

Germination is the process by which an organism grows from a seed or similar structure.

New!!: Ecology and Germination · See more »

Gilbert White

Gilbert White FRS (18 July 1720 – 26 June 1793) was a "parson-naturalist", a pioneering English naturalist and ornithologist.

New!!: Ecology and Gilbert White · See more »

Global warming

Global warming, also referred to as climate change, is the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.

New!!: Ecology and Global warming · See more »

Glossary of ecology

This glossary of ecology is a list of definitions of terms and topics in ecology and related fields.

New!!: Ecology and Glossary of ecology · See more »

Gravitropism

Gravitropism (also known as geotropism) is a coordinated process of differential growth by a plant or fungus in response to gravity pulling on it.

New!!: Ecology and Gravitropism · See more »

Great Oxygenation Event

The Great Oxygenation Event, the beginning of which is commonly known in scientific media as the Great Oxidation Event (GOE, also called the Oxygen Catastrophe, Oxygen Crisis, Oxygen Holocaust, Oxygen Revolution, or Great Oxidation) was the biologically induced appearance of dioxygen (O2) in Earth's atmosphere.

New!!: Ecology and Great Oxygenation Event · See more »

Greenhouse gas

A greenhouse gas is a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiant energy within the thermal infrared range.

New!!: Ecology and Greenhouse gas · See more »

Group selection

Group selection is a proposed mechanism of evolution in which natural selection acts at the level of the group, instead of at the more conventional level of the individual.

New!!: Ecology and Group selection · See more »

Habitat

In ecology, a habitat is the type of natural environment in which a particular species of organism lives.

New!!: Ecology and Habitat · See more »

Hagfish

Hagfish, the class '''Myxini''' (also known as Hyperotreti), are eel-shaped, slime-producing marine fish (occasionally called slime eels).

New!!: Ecology and Hagfish · See more »

Halophyte

A halophyte is a plant that grows in waters of high salinity, coming into contact with saline water through its roots or by salt spray, such as in saline semi-deserts, mangrove swamps, marshes and sloughs and seashores.

New!!: Ecology and Halophyte · See more »

Henry A. Gleason (botanist)

Henry Allan Gleason (1882–1975) was an American ecologist, botanist, and taxonomist, known for his endorsement of the individualistic or open community concept of ecological succession, and his opposition to Frederic Clements's concept of the climax state of an ecosystem.

New!!: Ecology and Henry A. Gleason (botanist) · See more »

Herbivore

A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage, for the main component of its diet.

New!!: Ecology and Herbivore · See more »

Heredity

Heredity is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring, either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic information of their parents.

New!!: Ecology and Heredity · See more »

Herodotus

Herodotus (Ἡρόδοτος, Hêródotos) was a Greek historian who was born in Halicarnassus in the Persian Empire (modern-day Bodrum, Turkey) and lived in the fifth century BC (484– 425 BC), a contemporary of Thucydides, Socrates, and Euripides.

New!!: Ecology and Herodotus · See more »

Heterotroph

A heterotroph (Ancient Greek ἕτερος héteros.

New!!: Ecology and Heterotroph · See more »

Heuristic

A heuristic technique (εὑρίσκω, "find" or "discover"), often called simply a heuristic, is any approach to problem solving, learning, or discovery that employs a practical method, not guaranteed to be optimal, perfect, logical, or rational, but instead sufficient for reaching an immediate goal.

New!!: Ecology and Heuristic · See more »

Hippocrates

Hippocrates of Kos (Hippokrátēs ho Kṓos), also known as Hippocrates II, was a Greek physician of the Age of Pericles (Classical Greece), and is considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine.

New!!: Ecology and Hippocrates · See more »

Holism

Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos "all, whole, entire") is the idea that systems (physical, biological, chemical, social, economic, mental, linguistic) and their properties should be viewed as wholes, not just as a collection of parts.

New!!: Ecology and Holism · See more »

Home economics

Home economics, domestic science or home science is a field of study that deals with home and economics.

New!!: Ecology and Home economics · See more »

Homeorhesis

Homeorhesis, derived from the Greek for "similar flow", is a concept encompassing dynamical systems which return to a trajectory, as opposed to systems which return to a particular state, which is termed homeostasis.

New!!: Ecology and Homeorhesis · See more »

Homeostasis

Homeostasis is the tendency of organisms to auto-regulate and maintain their internal environment in a stable state.

New!!: Ecology and Homeostasis · See more »

Host (biology)

In biology and medicine, a host is an organism that harbours a parasitic, a mutualistic, or a commensalist guest (symbiont), the guest typically being provided with nourishment and shelter.

New!!: Ecology and Host (biology) · See more »

Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest

Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest is an area of land in the towns of Woodstock and Thornton in the White Mountains of New Hampshire that functions as an outdoor laboratory for ecological studies.

New!!: Ecology and Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest · See more »

Human ecology

Human ecology is an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary study of the relationship between humans and their natural, social, and built environments.

New!!: Ecology and Human ecology · See more »

Hydrogen

Hydrogen is a chemical element with symbol H and atomic number 1.

New!!: Ecology and Hydrogen · See more »

Hydrogen sulfide

Hydrogen sulfide is the chemical compound with the chemical formula H2S.

New!!: Ecology and Hydrogen sulfide · See more »

Hypoxia (environmental)

Hypoxia refers to low oxygen conditions.

New!!: Ecology and Hypoxia (environmental) · See more »

Idealism

In philosophy, idealism is the group of metaphysical philosophies that assert that reality, or reality as humans can know it, is fundamentally mental, mentally constructed, or otherwise immaterial.

New!!: Ecology and Idealism · See more »

Immigration

Immigration is the international movement of people into a destination country of which they are not natives or where they do not possess citizenship in order to settle or reside there, especially as permanent residents or naturalized citizens, or to take up employment as a migrant worker or temporarily as a foreign worker.

New!!: Ecology and Immigration · See more »

Index of biology articles

Biology is the study of life and its processes.

New!!: Ecology and Index of biology articles · See more »

Indigenous peoples of the Americas

The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre-Columbian peoples of the Americas and their descendants. Although some indigenous peoples of the Americas were traditionally hunter-gatherers—and many, especially in the Amazon basin, still are—many groups practiced aquaculture and agriculture. The impact of their agricultural endowment to the world is a testament to their time and work in reshaping and cultivating the flora indigenous to the Americas. Although some societies depended heavily on agriculture, others practiced a mix of farming, hunting and gathering. In some regions the indigenous peoples created monumental architecture, large-scale organized cities, chiefdoms, states and empires. Many parts of the Americas are still populated by indigenous peoples; some countries have sizable populations, especially Belize, Bolivia, Canada, Chile, Ecuador, Greenland, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama and Peru. At least a thousand different indigenous languages are spoken in the Americas. Some, such as the Quechuan languages, Aymara, Guaraní, Mayan languages and Nahuatl, count their speakers in millions. Many also maintain aspects of indigenous cultural practices to varying degrees, including religion, social organization and subsistence practices. Like most cultures, over time, cultures specific to many indigenous peoples have evolved to incorporate traditional aspects but also cater to modern needs. Some indigenous peoples still live in relative isolation from Western culture, and a few are still counted as uncontacted peoples.

New!!: Ecology and Indigenous peoples of the Americas · See more »

Industrial ecology

Industrial ecology (IE) is the study of material and energy flows through industrial systems.

New!!: Ecology and Industrial ecology · See more »

Information ecology

In the context of an evolving information society, the term information ecology marks a connection between ecological ideas with the dynamics and properties of the increasingly dense, complex and important digital informational environment and has been gaining acceptance in a growing number of disciplines.

New!!: Ecology and Information ecology · See more »

Insular biogeography

Insular biogeography or island biogeography is a field within biogeography that examines the factors that affect the species richness of isolated natural communities.

New!!: Ecology and Insular biogeography · See more »

Interdisciplinarity

Interdisciplinarity or interdisciplinary studies involves the combining of two or more academic disciplines into one activity (e.g., a research project).

New!!: Ecology and Interdisciplinarity · See more »

Invasive species

An invasive species is a species that is not native to a specific location (an introduced species), and that has a tendency to spread to a degree believed to cause damage to the environment, human economy or human health.

New!!: Ecology and Invasive species · See more »

Isaac Newton

Sir Isaac Newton (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27) was an English mathematician, astronomer, theologian, author and physicist (described in his own day as a "natural philosopher") who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time, and a key figure in the scientific revolution.

New!!: Ecology and Isaac Newton · See more »

James Hutton

James Hutton (3 June 1726 – 26 March 1797) was a Scottish geologist, physician, chemical manufacturer, naturalist, and experimental agriculturalist.

New!!: Ecology and James Hutton · See more »

Jan Smuts

Field Marshal Jan Christiaan Smuts (24 May 1870 11 September 1950) was a prominent South African and British Commonwealth statesman, military leader and philosopher.

New!!: Ecology and Jan Smuts · See more »

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck, was a French naturalist.

New!!: Ecology and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck · See more »

John Avise

John Charles Avise (born 1948) is an American evolutionary geneticist, conservationist, ecologist and natural historian.

New!!: Ecology and John Avise · See more »

Journal of Biogeography

The Journal of Biogeography is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in biogeography that was established in 1974.

New!!: Ecology and Journal of Biogeography · See more »

Julia Lathrop

Julia Clifford Lathrop (June 29, 1858 – April 15, 1932) was an American social reformer in the area of education, social policy, and children's welfare.

New!!: Ecology and Julia Lathrop · See more »

Juvenile (organism)

A juvenile is an individual organism that has not yet reached its adult form, sexual maturity or size.

New!!: Ecology and Juvenile (organism) · See more »

Kelp

Kelps are large brown algae seaweeds that make up the order Laminariales.

New!!: Ecology and Kelp · See more »

Kin selection

Kin selection is the evolutionary strategy that favours the reproductive success of an organism's relatives, even at a cost to the organism's own survival and reproduction.

New!!: Ecology and Kin selection · See more »

Kinji Imanishi

was a Japanese ecologist and anthropologist.

New!!: Ecology and Kinji Imanishi · See more »

Landscape

A landscape is the visible features of an area of land, its landforms and how they integrate with natural or man-made features.

New!!: Ecology and Landscape · See more »

Landscape ecology

Landscape ecology is the science of studying and improving relationships between ecological processes in the environment and particular ecosystems.

New!!: Ecology and Landscape ecology · See more »

Leech

Leeches are segmented parasitic or predatory worm-like animals that belong to the phylum Annelida and comprise the subclass Hirudinea.

New!!: Ecology and Leech · See more »

Lichen

A lichen is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi in a symbiotic relationship.

New!!: Ecology and Lichen · See more »

Life history theory

Life history theory is an analytical frameworkVitzthum, V. (2008).

New!!: Ecology and Life history theory · See more »

Linnaean taxonomy

Linnaean taxonomy can mean either of two related concepts.

New!!: Ecology and Linnaean taxonomy · See more »

List of ecologists

This is a list of ecologists who have pages on Wikipedia, in alphabetical order by surname.

New!!: Ecology and List of ecologists · See more »

Logistic function

A logistic function or logistic curve is a common "S" shape (sigmoid curve), with equation: where.

New!!: Ecology and Logistic function · See more »

Malthusian growth model

A Malthusian growth model, sometimes called a simple exponential growth model, is essentially exponential growth based on a constant rate.

New!!: Ecology and Malthusian growth model · See more »

Manganese

Manganese is a chemical element with symbol Mn and atomic number 25.

New!!: Ecology and Manganese · See more »

Marine ecosystem

Marine ecosystems are among the largest of Earth's aquatic ecosystems.

New!!: Ecology and Marine ecosystem · See more »

Materialism

Materialism is a form of philosophical monism which holds that matter is the fundamental substance in nature, and that all things, including mental aspects and consciousness, are results of material interactions.

New!!: Ecology and Materialism · See more »

Matrix (mathematics)

In mathematics, a matrix (plural: matrices) is a rectangular array of numbers, symbols, or expressions, arranged in rows and columns.

New!!: Ecology and Matrix (mathematics) · See more »

Metabolic theory of ecology

The metabolic theory of ecology (MTE) is an extension of Kleiber's law and posits that the metabolic rate of organisms is the fundamental biological rate that governs most observed patterns in ecology.

New!!: Ecology and Metabolic theory of ecology · See more »

Metaphysics

Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy that explores the nature of being, existence, and reality.

New!!: Ecology and Metaphysics · See more »

Metaphysics (Aristotle)

Metaphysics (Greek: τὰ μετὰ τὰ φυσικά; Latin: Metaphysica) is one of the principal works of Aristotle and the first major work of the branch of philosophy with the same name.

New!!: Ecology and Metaphysics (Aristotle) · See more »

Methane

Methane is a chemical compound with the chemical formula (one atom of carbon and four atoms of hydrogen).

New!!: Ecology and Methane · See more »

Methanogen

Methanogens are microorganisms that produce methane as a metabolic byproduct in anoxic conditions.

New!!: Ecology and Methanogen · See more »

Microbiota

A microbiota is an "ecological community of commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms" found in and on all multicellular organisms studied to date from plants to animals.

New!!: Ecology and Microbiota · See more »

Microcosm (experimental ecosystem)

Microcosms are artificial, simplified ecosystems that are used to simulate and predict the behaviour of natural ecosystems under controlled conditions.

New!!: Ecology and Microcosm (experimental ecosystem) · See more »

Microorganism

A microorganism, or microbe, is a microscopic organism, which may exist in its single-celled form or in a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from 6th century BC India and the 1st century BC book On Agriculture by Marcus Terentius Varro. Microbiology, the scientific study of microorganisms, began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. In the 1850s, Louis Pasteur found that microorganisms caused food spoilage, debunking the theory of spontaneous generation. In the 1880s Robert Koch discovered that microorganisms caused the diseases tuberculosis, cholera and anthrax. Microorganisms include all unicellular organisms and so are extremely diverse. Of the three domains of life identified by Carl Woese, all of the Archaea and Bacteria are microorganisms. These were previously grouped together in the two domain system as Prokaryotes, the other being the eukaryotes. The third domain Eukaryota includes all multicellular organisms and many unicellular protists and protozoans. Some protists are related to animals and some to green plants. Many of the multicellular organisms are microscopic, namely micro-animals, some fungi and some algae, but these are not discussed here. They live in almost every habitat from the poles to the equator, deserts, geysers, rocks and the deep sea. Some are adapted to extremes such as very hot or very cold conditions, others to high pressure and a few such as Deinococcus radiodurans to high radiation environments. Microorganisms also make up the microbiota found in and on all multicellular organisms. A December 2017 report stated that 3.45 billion year old Australian rocks once contained microorganisms, the earliest direct evidence of life on Earth. Microbes are important in human culture and health in many ways, serving to ferment foods, treat sewage, produce fuel, enzymes and other bioactive compounds. They are essential tools in biology as model organisms and have been put to use in biological warfare and bioterrorism. They are a vital component of fertile soils. In the human body microorganisms make up the human microbiota including the essential gut flora. They are the pathogens responsible for many infectious diseases and as such are the target of hygiene measures.

New!!: Ecology and Microorganism · See more »

Mineral

A mineral is a naturally occurring chemical compound, usually of crystalline form and not produced by life processes.

New!!: Ecology and Mineral · See more »

Molecular ecology

Molecular ecology is a field of evolutionary biology that is concerned with applying molecular population genetics, molecular phylogenetics, and more recently genomics to traditional ecological questions (e.g., species diagnosis, conservation and assessment of biodiversity, species-area relationships, and many questions in behavioral ecology).

New!!: Ecology and Molecular ecology · See more »

Molecular Ecology

Molecular Ecology is a twice monthly scientific journal covering investigations that use molecular genetic techniques to address questions in ecology, evolution, behavior, and conservation.

New!!: Ecology and Molecular Ecology · See more »

Molecular genetics

Molecular genetics is the field of biology that studies the structure and function of genes at a molecular level and thus employs methods of both molecular biology and genetics.

New!!: Ecology and Molecular genetics · See more »

Monism

Monism attributes oneness or singleness (Greek: μόνος) to a concept e.g., existence.

New!!: Ecology and Monism · See more »

Monogamy

Monogamy is a form of relationship in which an individual has only one partner during their lifetime — alternately, only one partner at any one time (serial monogamy) — as compared to non-monogamy (e.g., polygamy or polyamory).

New!!: Ecology and Monogamy · See more »

Monosaccharide

Monosaccharides (from Greek monos: single, sacchar: sugar), also called simple sugars, are the most basic units of carbohydrates.

New!!: Ecology and Monosaccharide · See more »

Montane ecosystems

Montane ecosystems refers to any ecosystem found in mountains.

New!!: Ecology and Montane ecosystems · See more »

Mutation

In biology, a mutation is the permanent alteration of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA or other genetic elements.

New!!: Ecology and Mutation · See more »

Mutualism (biology)

Mutualism or interspecific cooperation is the way two organisms of different species exist in a relationship in which each individual benefits from the activity of the other.

New!!: Ecology and Mutualism (biology) · See more »

Mysticism

Mysticism is the practice of religious ecstasies (religious experiences during alternate states of consciousness), together with whatever ideologies, ethics, rites, myths, legends, and magic may be related to them.

New!!: Ecology and Mysticism · See more »

Naked mole-rat

The naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber), also known as the sand puppy, is a burrowing rodent native to parts of East Africa.

New!!: Ecology and Naked mole-rat · See more »

Natural capital

Natural capital is the world's stock of natural resources, which includes geology, soils, air, water and all living organisms.

New!!: Ecology and Natural capital · See more »

Natural history

Natural history is a domain of inquiry involving organisms including animals, fungi and plants in their environment; leaning more towards observational than experimental methods of study.

New!!: Ecology and Natural history · See more »

Natural resource

Natural resources are resources that exist without actions of humankind.

New!!: Ecology and Natural resource · See more »

Natural resource management

Natural resource management refers to the management of natural resources such as land, water, soil, plants and animals, with a particular focus on how management affects the quality of life for both present and future generations (stewardship).

New!!: Ecology and Natural resource management · See more »

Natural science

Natural science is a branch of science concerned with the description, prediction, and understanding of natural phenomena, based on empirical evidence from observation and experimentation.

New!!: Ecology and Natural science · See more »

Natural selection

Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.

New!!: Ecology and Natural selection · See more »

Negative feedback

Negative feedback (or balancing feedback) occurs when some function of the output of a system, process, or mechanism is fed back in a manner that tends to reduce the fluctuations in the output, whether caused by changes in the input or by other disturbances.

New!!: Ecology and Negative feedback · See more »

Nematode

The nematodes or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda (also called Nemathelminthes).

New!!: Ecology and Nematode · See more »

Neritic zone

The neritic zone is the relatively shallow part of the ocean above the drop-off of the continental shelf, approximately in depth.

New!!: Ecology and Neritic zone · See more »

Neuroscience

Neuroscience (or neurobiology) is the scientific study of the nervous system.

New!!: Ecology and Neuroscience · See more »

Niche construction

Niche construction is the process by which an organism alters its own (or another species') local environment.

New!!: Ecology and Niche construction · See more »

Nile crocodile

The Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) is an African crocodile, the largest freshwater predator in Africa, and may be considered the second-largest extant reptile and crocodilian in the world, after the saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus).

New!!: Ecology and Nile crocodile · See more »

Nitrate

Nitrate is a polyatomic ion with the molecular formula and a molecular mass of 62.0049 u.

New!!: Ecology and Nitrate · See more »

Nitrogen

Nitrogen is a chemical element with symbol N and atomic number 7.

New!!: Ecology and Nitrogen · See more »

Nitrogen fixation

Nitrogen fixation is a process by which nitrogen in the Earth's atmosphere is converted into ammonia (NH3) or other molecules available to living organisms.

New!!: Ecology and Nitrogen fixation · See more »

Nonlinear system

In mathematics and science, a nonlinear system is a system in which the change of the output is not proportional to the change of the input.

New!!: Ecology and Nonlinear system · See more »

Normative science

In the applied sciences, normative science is a type of information that is developed, presented, or interpreted based on an assumed, usually unstated, preference for a particular policy or class of policies.

New!!: Ecology and Normative science · See more »

Novel ecosystem

Novel ecosystems are human-built, modified, or engineered niches of the Anthropocene.

New!!: Ecology and Novel ecosystem · See more »

Nutrient

A nutrient is a substance used by an organism to survive, grow, and reproduce.

New!!: Ecology and Nutrient · See more »

Nutrient cycle

A nutrient cycle (or ecological recycling) is the movement and exchange of organic and inorganic matter back into the production of matter.

New!!: Ecology and Nutrient cycle · See more »

Ocean

An ocean (the sea of classical antiquity) is a body of saline water that composes much of a planet's hydrosphere.

New!!: Ecology and Ocean · See more »

Oligocene

The Oligocene is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene Period and extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present (to). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the epoch are well identified but the exact dates of the start and end of the epoch are slightly uncertain.

New!!: Ecology and Oligocene · See more »

Omnivore

Omnivore is a consumption classification for animals that have the capability to obtain chemical energy and nutrients from materials originating from plant and animal origin.

New!!: Ecology and Omnivore · See more »

On the Origin of Species

On the Origin of Species (or more completely, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life),The book's full original title was On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life.

New!!: Ecology and On the Origin of Species · See more »

Organ (anatomy)

Organs are collections of tissues with similar functions.

New!!: Ecology and Organ (anatomy) · See more »

Organic compound

In chemistry, an organic compound is generally any chemical compound that contains carbon.

New!!: Ecology and Organic compound · See more »

Organism

In biology, an organism (from Greek: ὀργανισμός, organismos) is any individual entity that exhibits the properties of life.

New!!: Ecology and Organism · See more »

Orogeny

An orogeny is an event that leads to a large structural deformation of the Earth's lithosphere (crust and uppermost mantle) due to the interaction between plate tectonics.

New!!: Ecology and Orogeny · See more »

Orographic lift

Orographic lift occurs when an air mass is forced from a low elevation to a higher elevation as it moves over rising terrain.

New!!: Ecology and Orographic lift · See more »

Osmoregulation

Osmoregulation is the active regulation of the osmotic pressure of an organism's body fluids, detected by osmoreceptors, to maintain the homeostasis of the organism's water content; that is, it maintains the fluid balance and the concentration of electrolytes (salts in solution) to keep the fluids from becoming too diluted or concentrated.

New!!: Ecology and Osmoregulation · See more »

Osmotic pressure

Osmotic pressure is the minimum pressure which needs to be applied to a solution to prevent the inward flow of its pure solvent across a semipermeable membrane.

New!!: Ecology and Osmotic pressure · See more »

Outgassing

Outgassing (sometimes called offgassing, particularly when in reference to indoor air quality) is the release of a gas that was dissolved, trapped, frozen or absorbed in some material.

New!!: Ecology and Outgassing · See more »

Outline of biology

Biology – The natural science that involves the study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.

New!!: Ecology and Outline of biology · See more »

Outline of Earth sciences

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Earth science: Earth science – all-embracing term for the sciences related to the planet Earth.

New!!: Ecology and Outline of Earth sciences · See more »

Oxygen

Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8.

New!!: Ecology and Oxygen · See more »

Paleoecology

Paleoecology (also spelled palaeoecology) is the study of interactions between organisms and/or interactions between organisms and their environments across geologic timescales.

New!!: Ecology and Paleoecology · See more »

Panarchy

Panarchy (from pan and archy), coined by Paul Emile de Puydt in 1860, is a form of governance that would encompass all others.

New!!: Ecology and Panarchy · See more »

Parasitism

In evolutionary biology, parasitism is a relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or in another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life.

New!!: Ecology and Parasitism · See more »

Park Grass Experiment

The "Park Grass Experiment" is a biological study originally set up to test the effect of fertilizers and manures on hay yields.

New!!: Ecology and Park Grass Experiment · See more »

Parts-per notation

In science and engineering, the parts-per notation is a set of pseudo-units to describe small values of miscellaneous dimensionless quantities, e.g. mole fraction or mass fraction.

New!!: Ecology and Parts-per notation · See more »

Pedogenesis

Pedogenesis (from the Greek pedo-, or pedon, meaning 'soil, earth,' and genesis, meaning 'origin, birth') (also termed soil development, soil evolution, soil formation, and soil genesis) is the process of soil formation as regulated by the effects of place, environment, and history.

New!!: Ecology and Pedogenesis · See more »

Pedosphere

The pedosphere (from Greek πέδον pedon "soil" or "earth" and σφαῖρα sphaira "sphere") is the outermost layer of the Earth that is composed of soil and subject to soil formation processes.

New!!: Ecology and Pedosphere · See more »

Permafrost

In geology, permafrost is ground, including rock or (cryotic) soil, at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years.

New!!: Ecology and Permafrost · See more »

Pesticide

Pesticides are substances that are meant to control pests, including weeds.

New!!: Ecology and Pesticide · See more »

Phenomenon

A phenomenon (Greek: φαινόμενον, phainómenon, from the verb phainein, to show, shine, appear, to be manifest or manifest itself, plural phenomena) is any thing which manifests itself.

New!!: Ecology and Phenomenon · See more »

Phenotype

A phenotype is the composite of an organism's observable characteristics or traits, such as its morphology, development, biochemical or physiological properties, behavior, and products of behavior (such as a bird's nest).

New!!: Ecology and Phenotype · See more »

Phenotypic trait

A phenotypic trait, or simply trait, is a distinct variant of a phenotypic characteristic of an organism; it may be either inherited or determined environmentally, but typically occurs as a combination of the two.

New!!: Ecology and Phenotypic trait · See more »

Phosphorus

Phosphorus is a chemical element with symbol P and atomic number 15.

New!!: Ecology and Phosphorus · See more »

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities (energy transformation).

New!!: Ecology and Photosynthesis · See more »

Phylogenetics

In biology, phylogenetics (Greek: φυλή, φῦλον – phylé, phylon.

New!!: Ecology and Phylogenetics · See more »

Phylogeography

Phylogeography is the study of the historical processes that may be responsible for the contemporary geographic distributions of individuals.

New!!: Ecology and Phylogeography · See more »

Physiology

Physiology is the scientific study of normal mechanisms, and their interactions, which work within a living system.

New!!: Ecology and Physiology · See more »

Phytoplankton

Phytoplankton are the autotrophic (self-feeding) components of the plankton community and a key part of oceans, seas and freshwater basin ecosystems.

New!!: Ecology and Phytoplankton · See more »

Pinniped

Pinnipeds, commonly known as seals, are a widely distributed and diverse clade of carnivorous, fin-footed, semiaquatic marine mammals.

New!!: Ecology and Pinniped · See more »

Pinus halepensis

Pinus halepensis, commonly known as the Aleppo pine, is a pine native to the Mediterranean region.

New!!: Ecology and Pinus halepensis · See more »

Plantesamfund

Plantesamfund - Grundtræk af den økologiske Plantegeografi, published in Danish in 1895 by Eugen Warming, and in English in 1909 as Oecology of Plants: An Introduction to the Study of Plant Communities, by Warming and Martin Vahl, was the first book to be published having the word ecology in its title.

New!!: Ecology and Plantesamfund · See more »

Plate tectonics

Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin tectonicus, from the τεκτονικός "pertaining to building") is a scientific theory describing the large-scale motion of seven large plates and the movements of a larger number of smaller plates of the Earth's lithosphere, since tectonic processes began on Earth between 3 and 3.5 billion years ago.

New!!: Ecology and Plate tectonics · See more »

Poikilotherm

A poikilotherm is an animal whose internal temperature varies considerably.

New!!: Ecology and Poikilotherm · See more »

Polar desert

Polar deserts are the regions of the Earth that fall under an Ice cap climate (EF under the Köppen classification).

New!!: Ecology and Polar desert · See more »

Political ecology

Political ecology is the study of the relationships between political, economic and social factors with environmental issues and changes.

New!!: Ecology and Political ecology · See more »

Pollination

Pollination is the transfer of pollen from a male part of a plant to a female part of a plant, enabling later fertilisation and the production of seeds, most often by an animal or by wind.

New!!: Ecology and Pollination · See more »

Polymerase chain reaction

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used in molecular biology to amplify a single copy or a few copies of a segment of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence.

New!!: Ecology and Polymerase chain reaction · See more »

Pond

A pond is a body of standing water, either natural or artificial, that is usually smaller than a lake.

New!!: Ecology and Pond · See more »

Population

In biology, a population is all the organisms of the same group or species, which live in a particular geographical area, and have the capability of interbreeding.

New!!: Ecology and Population · See more »

Population density

Population density (in agriculture: standing stock and standing crop) is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume; it is a quantity of type number density.

New!!: Ecology and Population density · See more »

Population ecology

Population ecology is a sub-field of ecology that deals with the dynamics of species populations and how these populations interact with the environment.

New!!: Ecology and Population ecology · See more »

Population growth

In biology or human geography, population growth is the increase in the number of individuals in a population.

New!!: Ecology and Population growth · See more »

Potential energy

In physics, potential energy is the energy possessed by an object because of its position relative to other objects, stresses within itself, its electric charge, or other factors.

New!!: Ecology and Potential energy · See more »

Predation

Predation is a biological interaction where a predator (a hunting animal) kills and eats its prey (the organism that is attacked).

New!!: Ecology and Predation · See more »

Pressure

Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.

New!!: Ecology and Pressure · See more »

Primary producers

Primary producers take energy from other organisms and turn it into energy that is used.

New!!: Ecology and Primary producers · See more »

Primary production

Global oceanic and terrestrial photoautotroph abundance, from September 1997 to August 2000. As an estimate of autotroph biomass, it is only a rough indicator of primary-production potential, and not an actual estimate of it. Provided by the SeaWiFS Project, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center and ORBIMAGE. In ecology, primary production is the synthesis of organic compounds from atmospheric or aqueous carbon dioxide.

New!!: Ecology and Primary production · See more »

Prodoxidae

The Prodoxidae are a family of moths, generally small in size and nondescript in appearance.

New!!: Ecology and Prodoxidae · See more »

Promiscuity

Promiscuity is the practice of having casual sex frequently with different partners or being indiscriminate in the choice of sexual partners.

New!!: Ecology and Promiscuity · See more »

Propagule

In biology, a propagule is any material that functions in propagating an organism to the next stage in its life cycle, such as by dispersal.

New!!: Ecology and Propagule · See more »

Rachel Carson

Rachel Louise Carson (May 27, 1907 – April 14, 1964) was an American marine biologist, author, and conservationist whose book Silent Spring and other writings are credited with advancing the global environmental movement.

New!!: Ecology and Rachel Carson · See more »

Radiant energy

In physics, and in particular as measured by radiometry, radiant energy is the energy of electromagnetic and gravitational radiation.

New!!: Ecology and Radiant energy · See more »

Rain shadow

A rain shadow is a dry area on the leeward side of a mountainous area (away from the wind).

New!!: Ecology and Rain shadow · See more »

Randomness

Randomness is the lack of pattern or predictability in events.

New!!: Ecology and Randomness · See more »

Range (biology)

In biology, the range of a species is the geographical area within which that species can be found.

New!!: Ecology and Range (biology) · See more »

Raymond Lindeman

Raymond Laurel Lindeman (1915 – June 29, 1942) was an ecologist whose graduate research is often credited with being a seminal study in field of ecosystem ecology.

New!!: Ecology and Raymond Lindeman · See more »

Red Queen hypothesis

The Red Queen hypothesis, also referred to as Red Queen's, Red Queen's race or the Red Queen effect, is an evolutionary hypothesis which proposes that organisms must constantly adapt, evolve, and proliferate not merely to gain reproductive advantage, but also simply to survive while pitted against ever-evolving opposing organisms in an ever-changing environment.

New!!: Ecology and Red Queen hypothesis · See more »

Redox

Redox (short for reduction–oxidation reaction) (pronunciation: or) is a chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of atoms are changed.

New!!: Ecology and Redox · See more »

Reduction potential

Reduction potential (also known as redox potential, oxidation / reduction potential, ORP, pE, ε, or E_) is a measure of the tendency of a chemical species to acquire electrons and thereby be reduced.

New!!: Ecology and Reduction potential · See more »

Reductionism

Reductionism is any of several related philosophical ideas regarding the associations between phenomena which can be described in terms of other simpler or more fundamental phenomena.

New!!: Ecology and Reductionism · See more »

Relative species abundance

Relative species abundance is a component of biodiversity and refers to how common or rare a species is relative to other species in a defined location or community.

New!!: Ecology and Relative species abundance · See more »

Resource (biology)

In Biology and Ecology, a resource is a substance or object in the environment required by an organism for normal growth, maintenance, and reproduction.

New!!: Ecology and Resource (biology) · See more »

Richard Bradley (botanist)

Richard Bradley FRS (1688 – 5 November 1732) was an English naturalist specialising in botany.

New!!: Ecology and Richard Bradley (botanist) · See more »

Robert H. MacArthur

Robert Helmer MacArthur (April 7, 1930 – November 1, 1972) was a Canadian-born American ecologist who made a major impact on many areas of community and population ecology.

New!!: Ecology and Robert H. MacArthur · See more »

Salamander

Salamanders are a group of amphibians typically characterized by a lizard-like appearance, with slender bodies, blunt snouts, short limbs projecting at right angles to the body, and the presence of a tail in both larvae and adults.

New!!: Ecology and Salamander · See more »

Sandpiper

Sandpipers are a large family, Scolopacidae, of waders or shorebirds.

New!!: Ecology and Sandpiper · See more »

Scientific method

Scientific method is an empirical method of knowledge acquisition, which has characterized the development of natural science since at least the 17th century, involving careful observation, which includes rigorous skepticism about what one observes, given that cognitive assumptions about how the world works influence how one interprets a percept; formulating hypotheses, via induction, based on such observations; experimental testing and measurement of deductions drawn from the hypotheses; and refinement (or elimination) of the hypotheses based on the experimental findings.

New!!: Ecology and Scientific method · See more »

Scientific modelling

Scientific modelling is a scientific activity, the aim of which is to make a particular part or feature of the world easier to understand, define, quantify, visualize, or simulate by referencing it to existing and usually commonly accepted knowledge.

New!!: Ecology and Scientific modelling · See more »

Sea otter

The sea otter (Enhydra lutris) is a marine mammal native to the coasts of the northern and eastern North Pacific Ocean.

New!!: Ecology and Sea otter · See more »

Sea urchin

Sea urchins or urchins are typically spiny, globular animals, echinoderms in the class Echinoidea.

New!!: Ecology and Sea urchin · See more »

Sensory ecology

Sensory ecology is a relatively new field focusing on the information organisms obtain about their environment.

New!!: Ecology and Sensory ecology · See more »

Seral community

A seral community (or sere) is an intermediate stage found in ecological succession in an ecosystem advancing towards its climax community.

New!!: Ecology and Seral community · See more »

Serotiny

Serotiny is an ecological adaptation exhibited by some seed plants, in which seed release occurs in response to an environmental trigger, rather than spontaneously at seed maturation.

New!!: Ecology and Serotiny · See more »

Sexual selection

Sexual selection is a mode of natural selection where members of one biological sex choose mates of the other sex to mate with (intersexual selection), and compete with members of the same sex for access to members of the opposite sex (intrasexual selection).

New!!: Ecology and Sexual selection · See more »

Silent Spring

Silent Spring is an environmental science book by Rachel Carson.

New!!: Ecology and Silent Spring · See more »

Silicon dioxide

Silicon dioxide, also known as silica (from the Latin silex), is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula, most commonly found in nature as quartz and in various living organisms.

New!!: Ecology and Silicon dioxide · See more »

Silviculture

Silviculture is the practice of controlling the establishment, growth, composition, health, and quality of forests to meet diverse needs and values.

New!!: Ecology and Silviculture · See more »

Slime mold

Slime mold or slime mould is an informal name given to several kinds of unrelated eukaryotic organisms that can live freely as single cells, but can aggregate together to form multicellular reproductive structures.

New!!: Ecology and Slime mold · See more »

Social capital

Social capital is a form of economic and cultural capital in which social networks are central; transactions are marked by reciprocity, trust, and cooperation; and market agents produce goods and services not mainly for themselves, but for a common good.

New!!: Ecology and Social capital · See more »

Social spider

A social spider is a spider species whose individuals form relatively long-lasting aggregations.

New!!: Ecology and Social spider · See more »

Society

A society is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same geographical or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations.

New!!: Ecology and Society · See more »

Soil ecology

Soil ecology is the study of the interactions among soil biology, and between biotic and abiotic aspects of the soil environment.

New!!: Ecology and Soil ecology · See more »

Solar energy

Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture, molten salt power plants and artificial photosynthesis.

New!!: Ecology and Solar energy · See more »

Solar irradiance

Solar irradiance is the power per unit area received from the Sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range of the measuring instrument.

New!!: Ecology and Solar irradiance · See more »

Species

In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank, as well as a unit of biodiversity, but it has proven difficult to find a satisfactory definition.

New!!: Ecology and Species · See more »

Species diversity

Species diversity is the number of different species that are represented in a given community (a dataset).

New!!: Ecology and Species diversity · See more »

Sperm

Sperm is the male reproductive cell and is derived from the Greek word (σπέρμα) sperma (meaning "seed").

New!!: Ecology and Sperm · See more »

Spiritual ecology

Spiritual ecology is an emerging field in religion, conservation, and academia recognizing that there is a spiritual facet to all issues related to conservation, environmentalism, and earth stewardship.

New!!: Ecology and Spiritual ecology · See more »

Steller's sea cow

Steller's sea cow (Hydrodamalis gigas) is an extinct sirenian discovered by Europeans in 1741.

New!!: Ecology and Steller's sea cow · See more »

Sulfate

The sulfate or sulphate (see spelling differences) ion is a polyatomic anion with the empirical formula.

New!!: Ecology and Sulfate · See more »

Sulfur

Sulfur or sulphur is a chemical element with symbol S and atomic number 16.

New!!: Ecology and Sulfur · See more »

Superorganism

A superorganism or supraorganism (the latter is less frequently used but more etymologically correct) is a group of synergetically interacting organisms of the same species.

New!!: Ecology and Superorganism · See more »

Sustainable development

Sustainable development is the organizing principle for meeting human development goals while at the same time sustaining the ability of natural systems to provide the natural resources and ecosystem services upon which the economy and society depend.

New!!: Ecology and Sustainable development · See more »

Symbiosis

Symbiosis (from Greek συμβίωσις "living together", from σύν "together" and βίωσις "living") is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic.

New!!: Ecology and Symbiosis · See more »

Systems biology

Systems biology is the computational and mathematical modeling of complex biological systems.

New!!: Ecology and Systems biology · See more »

Taiga

Taiga (p; from Turkic), also known as boreal forest or snow forest, is a biome characterized by coniferous forests consisting mostly of pines, spruces and larches.

New!!: Ecology and Taiga · See more »

Taxonomy (biology)

Taxonomy is the science of defining and naming groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics.

New!!: Ecology and Taxonomy (biology) · See more »

Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest

Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest is a temperate climate terrestrial biome, with broadleaf tree ecoregions, and with conifer and broadleaf tree mixed coniferous forest ecoregions.

New!!: Ecology and Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest · See more »

Temperate deciduous forest

Temperate deciduous or temperate broad-leaf forests are dominated by trees that lose their leaves each year.

New!!: Ecology and Temperate deciduous forest · See more »

Temperature

Temperature is a physical quantity expressing hot and cold.

New!!: Ecology and Temperature · See more »

Terrestrial ecosystem

A terrestrial ecosystem is a type of ecosystem found only on biomes also known as beds.

New!!: Ecology and Terrestrial ecosystem · See more »

The Theory of Island Biogeography

The Theory of Island Biogeography is a 1967 book by Robert MacArthur and Edward O. Wilson.

New!!: Ecology and The Theory of Island Biogeography · See more »

Theophrastus

Theophrastus (Θεόφραστος Theόphrastos; c. 371 – c. 287 BC), a Greek native of Eresos in Lesbos,Gavin Hardy and Laurence Totelin, Ancient Botany, 2015, p. 8.

New!!: Ecology and Theophrastus · See more »

Theoretical ecology

Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis.

New!!: Ecology and Theoretical ecology · See more »

Thermocline

A thermocline (also known as the thermal layer or the metalimnion in lakes) is a thin but distinct layer in a large body of fluid (e.g. water, such as an ocean or lake) or air (such as an atmosphere) in which temperature changes more rapidly with depth than it does in the layers above or below.

New!!: Ecology and Thermocline · See more »

Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics is the branch of physics concerned with heat and temperature and their relation to energy and work.

New!!: Ecology and Thermodynamics · See more »

Tissue (biology)

In biology, tissue is a cellular organizational level between cells and a complete organ.

New!!: Ecology and Tissue (biology) · See more »

Trade winds

The trade winds are the prevailing pattern of easterly surface winds found in the tropics, within the lower portion of the Earth's atmosphere, in the lower section of the troposphere near the Earth's equator.

New!!: Ecology and Trade winds · See more »

Tree swallow

The tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) is a migratory bird found in North America in the family Hirundinidae.

New!!: Ecology and Tree swallow · See more »

Trends (journals)

Trends is a series of scientific journals owned by Elsevier that publish review articles in a range of areas of biology.

New!!: Ecology and Trends (journals) · See more »

Trophic level

The trophic level of an organism is the position it occupies in a food chain.

New!!: Ecology and Trophic level · See more »

Trophic species

Trophic species are a group of organisms that are aggregated according to their common trophic (feeding) positions in a food web or food chain.

New!!: Ecology and Trophic species · See more »

Tropical rainforest

Tropical rainforests are rainforests that occur in areas of tropical rainforest climate in which there is no dry season – all months have an average precipitation of at least 60 mm – and may also be referred to as lowland equatorial evergreen rainforest.

New!!: Ecology and Tropical rainforest · See more »

Tundra

In physical geography, tundra is a type of biome where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons.

New!!: Ecology and Tundra · See more »

Turbulence

In fluid dynamics, turbulence or turbulent flow is any pattern of fluid motion characterized by chaotic changes in pressure and flow velocity.

New!!: Ecology and Turbulence · See more »

Umwelt

In the semiotic theories of Jakob von Uexküll and Thomas A. Sebeok, umwelt (plural: umwelten; from the German Umwelt meaning "environment" or "surroundings") is the "biological foundations that lie at the very epicenter of the study of both communication and signification in the human animal".

New!!: Ecology and Umwelt · See more »

Urban ecology

Urban ecology is the scientific study of the relation of living organisms with each other and their surroundings in the context of an urban environment.

New!!: Ecology and Urban ecology · See more »

Vladimir Vernadsky

Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky (Влади́мир Ива́нович Верна́дский; Володи́мир Іва́нович Верна́дський; – 6 January 1945) was a Russian, Ukrainian, and Soviet mineralogist and geochemist who is considered one of the founders of geochemistry, biogeochemistry, and radiogeology, and was a founder of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences (now National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine).

New!!: Ecology and Vladimir Vernadsky · See more »

W. D. Ross

Sir William David Ross KBE FBA (15 April 1877 – 5 May 1971), known as David Ross but usually cited as W. D. Ross, was a Scottish philosopher who is known for his work in ethics.

New!!: Ecology and W. D. Ross · See more »

Warm-blooded

Warm-blooded animal species can maintain a body temperature higher than their environment.

New!!: Ecology and Warm-blooded · See more »

Wasp

A wasp is any insect of the order Hymenoptera and suborder Apocrita that is neither a bee nor an ant.

New!!: Ecology and Wasp · See more »

Water column

A water column is a conceptual column of water from the surface of a sea, river or lake to the bottom sediment.

New!!: Ecology and Water column · See more »

Water filter

A water filter removes impurities by lowering contamination of water using a fine physical barrier, a chemical process, or a biological process.

New!!: Ecology and Water filter · See more »

Wavelength

In physics, the wavelength is the spatial period of a periodic wave—the distance over which the wave's shape repeats.

New!!: Ecology and Wavelength · See more »

Weevil

A weevil is a type of beetle from the Curculionoidea superfamily.

New!!: Ecology and Weevil · See more »

Westerlies

The westerlies, anti-trades, or prevailing westerlies, are prevailing winds from the west toward the east in the middle latitudes between 30 and 60 degrees latitude.

New!!: Ecology and Westerlies · See more »

Wetland

A wetland is a land area that is saturated with water, either permanently or seasonally, such that it takes on the characteristics of a distinct ecosystem.

New!!: Ecology and Wetland · See more »

Whale

Whales are a widely distributed and diverse group of fully aquatic placental marine mammals.

New!!: Ecology and Whale · See more »

Xylem

Xylem is one of the two types of transport tissue in vascular plants, phloem being the other.

New!!: Ecology and Xylem · See more »

Zooplankton

Zooplankton are heterotrophic (sometimes detritivorous) plankton.

New!!: Ecology and Zooplankton · See more »

1866

No description.

New!!: Ecology and 1866 · See more »

Redirects here:

Animal Ecology, Animal ecology, Bioecology, Bionomy, Eco-, Ecolog, Ecological, Ecological complexity, Ecological factors, Ecological science, Ecologically, Ecologies, Ecologist, Ecologocal, Ecospace, Oecology, Scientific natural history.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecology

Unionpedia is a concept map or semantic network organized like an encyclopedia – dictionary. It gives a brief definition of each concept and its relationships.

This is a giant online mental map that serves as a basis for concept diagrams. It's free to use and each article or document can be downloaded. It's a tool, resource or reference for study, research, education, learning or teaching, that can be used by teachers, educators, pupils or students; for the academic world: for school, primary, secondary, high school, middle, technical degree, college, university, undergraduate, master's or doctoral degrees; for papers, reports, projects, ideas, documentation, surveys, summaries, or thesis. Here is the definition, explanation, description, or the meaning of each significant on which you need information, and a list of their associated concepts as a glossary. Available in English, Spanish, Portuguese, Japanese, Chinese, French, German, Italian, Polish, Dutch, Russian, Arabic, Hindi, Swedish, Ukrainian, Hungarian, Catalan, Czech, Hebrew, Danish, Finnish, Indonesian, Norwegian, Romanian, Turkish, Vietnamese, Korean, Thai, Greek, Bulgarian, Croatian, Slovak, Lithuanian, Filipino, Latvian, Estonian and Slovenian. More languages soon.

All the information was extracted from Wikipedia, and it's available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.

Unionpedia is not endorsed by or affiliated with the Wikimedia Foundation.

Google Play, Android and the Google Play logo are trademarks of Google Inc.

Privacy Policy

OutgoingIncoming