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Edward Witten

Index Edward Witten

Edward Witten (born August 26, 1951) is an American theoretical physicist and professor of mathematical physics at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. [1]

155 relations: AdS/CFT correspondence, Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Alan Guth, Alan T. Waterman Award, Albert Einstein Medal, Albert Einstein World Award of Science, American Mathematical Society, Americans for Peace Now, Andrei Linde, Anton Kapustin, Applied mathematics, Bachelor of Arts, Baltimore, BCFW recursion, Brandeis University, Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics, Bruno Zumino, Calculus of variations, California Institute of Technology, Chern–Simons theory, Chiara Nappi, Communications in Mathematical Physics, Crafoord Prize, Cumrun Vafa, Dan Freed, Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics, David Gross, David Kazhdan, David R. Morrison (mathematician), Differentiable function, Differentiable manifold, Dirac Medal, Doctor of Philosophy, Dror Bar-Natan, E8 (mathematics), Economics, Energy, Eva Silverstein, Expected value, Fields Medal, General relativity, Geometric Langlands correspondence, George McGovern presidential campaign, 1972, Gravitational field, Gravity, Gromov–Witten invariant, Hanany–Witten transition, Harvard University, Harvey Prize, Henri Poincaré Prize, ..., Heterotic string theory, History of string theory, Hořava–Witten domain wall, Institute for Advanced Study, International Congress of Mathematicians, International Mathematical Union, Inventiones Mathematicae, Isaac Newton Medal, J Street, Jews, Jim Peebles, John Henry Schwarz, John Horgan (journalist), John Morgan (mathematician), Journal of Differential Geometry, Journal of High Energy Physics, Juan Martín Maldacena, Knot (mathematics), Kyoto Prize, Lisa Jeffrey, List of Nobel laureates, Lorentz Medal, Louis Witten, Low-dimensional topology, M-theory, MacArthur Fellows Program, Manifold, Maryland, Master of Arts, Mathematical physics, MHV amplitudes, Michael Atiyah, Michael Green (physicist), Michael Turner (cosmologist), Minkowski space, Morse theory, Nathan Seiberg, National Medal of Science, Nemmers Prize in Mathematics, Nicolai Reshetikhin, Noncommutative geometry, Noncommutative quantum field theory, Nuclear Physics (journal), Orthogonal group, Park School of Baltimore, Path integral formulation, Pavel Etingof, Physics, Pierre Deligne, Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Pope Benedict XVI, Positive energy theorem, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, Professor, Quantum field theory, Quantum gravity, Richard Schoen, Rigour, Roman Jackiw, Royal Society, Royal Society of Edinburgh, Sam Treiman, Seiberg–Witten invariants, Seiberg–Witten theory, Sergei Gukov, Shamit Kachru, Shing-Tung Yau, Sidney Coleman, Spacetime, Stephen Hawking, Steven Weinberg, String duality, String theory, Supergravity, Superstring theory, Supersymmetric gauge theory, Supersymmetric quantum mechanics, Supersymmetry, The Nation, The New Republic, Theoretical physics, Theory of everything, Thesis, Time (magazine), Time 100, Topological quantum field theory, Topological string theory, Topology, Two-state solution, Type I string theory, Type II string theory, University of Oxford, University of Southern California, University of Washington, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Vafa–Witten theorem, Vladimir Turaev, Weinberg–Witten theorem, Wess–Zumino–Witten model, Witten conjecture, Witten index, Xiao-Gang Wen, 3-manifold, 4-manifold. Expand index (105 more) »

AdS/CFT correspondence

In theoretical physics, the anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory correspondence, sometimes called Maldacena duality or gauge/gravity duality, is a conjectured relationship between two kinds of physical theories.

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Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics

Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics (ATMP) is a peer-reviewed, mathematics journal, published by International Press.

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Alan Guth

Alan Harvey Guth (born February 27, 1947) is an American theoretical physicist and cosmologist.

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Alan T. Waterman Award

The Alan T. Waterman Award is the United States's highest honorary award for scientists no older than 35.

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Albert Einstein Medal

The Albert Einstein Medal is an award presented by the Albert Einstein Society in Bern.

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Albert Einstein World Award of Science

The Albert Einstein World Award for Science is an annual award given by the World Cultural Council "as a means of recognition and encouragement for scientific and technological research and development", with special consideration for researches which "have brought true benefit and well being to mankind".

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American Mathematical Society

The American Mathematical Society (AMS) is an association of professional mathematicians dedicated to the interests of mathematical research and scholarship, and serves the national and international community through its publications, meetings, advocacy and other programs.

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Americans for Peace Now

Americans for Peace Now (APN) is a nonprofit organization based in the United States whose stated aim is to help achieve a comprehensive political settlement to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.

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Andrei Linde

Andrei Dmitriyevich Linde (Андре́й Дми́триевич Ли́нде; born March 2, 1948) is a Russian-American theoretical physicist and the Harald Trap Friis Professor of Physics at Stanford University.

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Anton Kapustin

Anton Nikolayevich Kapustin (born November 10, 1971, Moscow) is a Russian-American theoretical physicist and the Earle C. Anthony Professor of Theoretical Physics at the California Institute of Technology, and a former member of the Simons Center for Geometry and Physics at Stony Brook University.

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Applied mathematics

Applied mathematics is the application of mathematical methods by different fields such as science, engineering, business, computer science, and industry.

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Bachelor of Arts

A Bachelor of Arts (BA or AB, from the Latin baccalaureus artium or artium baccalaureus) is a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, sciences, or both.

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Baltimore

Baltimore is the largest city in the U.S. state of Maryland, and the 30th-most populous city in the United States.

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BCFW recursion

The Britto–Cachazo–Feng–Witten recursion relations are a set of on-shell recursion relations in quantum field theory.

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Brandeis University

Brandeis University is an American private research university in Waltham, Massachusetts, 9 miles (14 km) west of Boston.

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Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics

The Fundamental Physics Prize is awarded by the Fundamental Physics Prize Foundation, a not-for-profit organization dedicated to awarding physicists involved in fundamental research which was founded in July 2012 by Russian physicist and internet entrepreneur Yuri Milner.

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Bruno Zumino

Bruno Zumino (April 28, 1923 − June 21, 2014) was an Italian theoretical physicist and emeritus faculty at the University of California, Berkeley.

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Calculus of variations

Calculus of variations is a field of mathematical analysis that uses variations, which are small changes in functions and functionals, to find maxima and minima of functionals: mappings from a set of functions to the real numbers.

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California Institute of Technology

The California Institute of Technology (abbreviated Caltech)The university itself only spells its short form as "Caltech"; other spellings such as.

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Chern–Simons theory

The Chern–Simons theory, named after Shiing-Shen Chern and James Harris Simons, is a 3-dimensional topological quantum field theory of Schwarz type, developed by Edward Witten.

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Chiara Nappi

Chiara R. Nappi is an Italian physicist.

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Communications in Mathematical Physics

Communications in Mathematical Physics is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Springer.

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Crafoord Prize

The Crafoord Prize is an annual science prize established in 1980 by Holger Crafoord, a Swedish industrialist, and his wife Anna-Greta Crafoord.

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Cumrun Vafa

Cumrun Vafa (کامران وفا; born 1960) is an Iranian-American string theorist from Harvard University, which he first joined as a Harvard Junior Fellow.

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Dan Freed

Daniel Stuart "Dan" Freed (born 17 April 1959) is an American mathematician, who specializes in global analysis and its applications to supersymmetry, string theory, and quantum field theory.

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Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics

Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics is an award given each year since 1959 jointly by the American Physical Society and American Institute of Physics.

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David Gross

David Jonathan Gross (born February 19, 1941) is an American theoretical physicist and string theorist.

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David Kazhdan

David Kazhdan (דוד קשדן) or Každan, Kazhdan, formerly named Dmitry Aleksandrovich Kazhdan (until he left the Soviet Union; Дми́трий Александро́вич Кажда́н), is a Soviet and Israeli mathematician known for work in representation theory.

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David R. Morrison (mathematician)

David Robert Morrison (born July 29, 1955, in Oakland, California) is an American mathematician and theoretical physicist.

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Differentiable function

In calculus (a branch of mathematics), a differentiable function of one real variable is a function whose derivative exists at each point in its domain.

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Differentiable manifold

In mathematics, a differentiable manifold (also differential manifold) is a type of manifold that is locally similar enough to a linear space to allow one to do calculus.

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Dirac Medal

The Dirac Prize is the name of four awards in the field of theoretical physics, computational chemistry, and mathematics, awarded by different organizations, named in honour of Professor Paul Dirac, one of the great theoretical physicists of the 20th century.

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Doctor of Philosophy

A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD or Ph.D.; Latin Philosophiae doctor) is the highest academic degree awarded by universities in most countries.

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Dror Bar-Natan

Dror Bar-Natan (דרוֹר בָר-נָתָן; born January 30, 1966) is a Professor at the University of Toronto Department of Mathematics, Canada.

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E8 (mathematics)

In mathematics, E8 is any of several closely related exceptional simple Lie groups, linear algebraic groups or Lie algebras of dimension 248; the same notation is used for the corresponding root lattice, which has rank 8.

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Economics

Economics is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

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Energy

In physics, energy is the quantitative property that must be transferred to an object in order to perform work on, or to heat, the object.

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Eva Silverstein

Eva Silverstein (born October 24, 1970) is an American theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and string theorist. She is best known for her work on early universe cosmology, developing the structure of inflation and its range of signatures, as well as extensive contributions to string theory and gravitational physics. Her early work included control of tachyon condensation in string theory and resulting resolution of some spacetime singularities (with Joseph Polchinski and others). Other significant research contributions include the construction of the first models of dark energy in string theory, some basic extensions of the AdS/CFT correspondence to more realistic field theories (with Shamit Kachru), as well as the discovery of a predictive new mechanism for cosmic inflation involving D-brane dynamics (with David Tong) which helped motivate more systematic analyses of primordial non-Gaussianity. Silverstein is a professor of physics at Stanford University and director of the Modern Inflationary Cosmology collaboration within the Simons Foundation Origins of the Universe initiative.

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Expected value

In probability theory, the expected value of a random variable, intuitively, is the long-run average value of repetitions of the experiment it represents.

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Fields Medal

The Fields Medal is a prize awarded to two, three, or four mathematicians under 40 years of age at the International Congress of the International Mathematical Union (IMU), a meeting that takes place every four years.

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General relativity

General relativity (GR, also known as the general theory of relativity or GTR) is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1915 and the current description of gravitation in modern physics.

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Geometric Langlands correspondence

In mathematics, the geometric Langlands correspondence is a geometric reformulation of the number theoretic Langlands correspondence.

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George McGovern presidential campaign, 1972

The George McGovern presidential campaign of 1972 began when United States Senator George McGovern from South Dakota launched his second candidacy for the Presidency of the United States in an ultimately unsuccessful bid to win the 1972 presidential election, winning only in the state of Massachusetts.

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Gravitational field

In physics, a gravitational field is a model used to explain the influence that a massive body extends into the space around itself, producing a force on another massive body.

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Gravity

Gravity, or gravitation, is a natural phenomenon by which all things with mass or energy—including planets, stars, galaxies, and even light—are brought toward (or gravitate toward) one another.

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Gromov–Witten invariant

In mathematics, specifically in symplectic topology and algebraic geometry, Gromov–Witten (GW) invariants are rational numbers that, in certain situations, count pseudoholomorphic curves meeting prescribed conditions in a given symplectic manifold.

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Hanany–Witten transition

In theoretical physics the Hanany–Witten transition, also called the Hanany–Witten effect, refers to any process in a superstring theory in which two p-branes cross resulting in the creation or destruction of a third p-brane.

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Harvard University

Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

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Harvey Prize

The Harvey Prize is an Israeli scientific distinction awarded annually for breakthroughs in science and technology, as well as contributions to Peace in the Middle East, by Technion – Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa.

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Henri Poincaré Prize

The Henri Poincaré Prize sponsored by the Daniel Iagolnitzer Foundation was created in 1997 to recognize outstanding contributions in mathematical physics, and contributions which lay the groundwork for novel developments in this broad field.

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Heterotic string theory

In string theory, a heterotic string is a closed string (or loop) which is a hybrid ('heterotic') of a superstring and a bosonic string.

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History of string theory

The history of string theory spans several decades of intense research including two superstring revolutions.

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Hořava–Witten domain wall

In theoretical physics, a Hořava–Witten domain wall is a type of domain wall that behaves as a boundary of the eleven-dimensional spacetime in M-theory.

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Institute for Advanced Study

The Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) in Princeton, New Jersey, in the United States, is an independent, postdoctoral research center for theoretical research and intellectual inquiry founded in 1930 by American educator Abraham Flexner, together with philanthropists Louis Bamberger and Caroline Bamberger Fuld.

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International Congress of Mathematicians

The International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) is the largest conference for the topic of mathematics.

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International Mathematical Union

The International Mathematical Union (IMU) is an international non-governmental organization devoted to international cooperation in the field of mathematics across the world.

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Inventiones Mathematicae

Inventiones Mathematicae is a mathematical journal published monthly by Springer Science+Business Media.

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Isaac Newton Medal

The Isaac Newton Medal is a gold medal awarded annually by the Institute of Physics accompanied by a prize of £1,000.

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J Street

J Street is a nonprofit liberal advocacy group based in the United States whose stated aim is to promote American leadership to end the Arab–Israeli and Israel–Palestinian conflicts peacefully and diplomatically.

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Jews

Jews (יְהוּדִים ISO 259-3, Israeli pronunciation) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and a nation, originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The people of the Kingdom of Israel and the ethnic and religious group known as the Jewish people that descended from them have been subjected to a number of forced migrations in their history" and Hebrews of the Ancient Near East.

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Jim Peebles

Phillip James Edwin Peebles (born 1935) is a Canadian-American physicist and theoretical cosmologist who is currently the Albert Einstein Professor Emeritus of Science at Princeton University.

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John Henry Schwarz

John Henry Schwarz (born November 22, 1941) is an American theoretical physicist.

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John Horgan (journalist)

John Horgan (born 1953) is an American science journalist best known for his 1996 book The End of Science.

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John Morgan (mathematician)

John Willard Morgan (born March 21, 1946) is an American mathematician, with contributions to topology and geometry.

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Journal of Differential Geometry

The Journal of Differential Geometry is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of mathematics published by International Press on behalf of Lehigh University in 3 volumes of 3 issues each per year.

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Journal of High Energy Physics

The Journal of High Energy Physics is a peer-reviewed, open access scientific journal covering the field of high energy physics.

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Juan Martín Maldacena

Juan Martín Maldacena (September 10, 1968 in Buenos Aires, Argentina) is a theoretical physicist.

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Knot (mathematics)

In mathematics, a knot is an embedding of a circle S^1 in 3-dimensional Euclidean space, R3 (also known as E3), considered up to continuous deformations (isotopies).

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Kyoto Prize

The is Japan's highest private award for global achievement.

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Lisa Jeffrey

Lisa Claire Jeffrey FRSC is a Canadian mathematician, a professor of mathematics at the University of Toronto.

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List of Nobel laureates

The Nobel Prizes (Nobelpriset, Nobelprisen) are prizes awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Swedish Academy, the Karolinska Institutet, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee to individuals and organizations who make outstanding contributions in the fields of chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine.

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Lorentz Medal

Lorentz Medal is a distinction awarded every four years by the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.

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Louis Witten

Louis Witten (born April 13, 1921) is an American theoretical physicist and the father of Edward Witten.

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Low-dimensional topology

In mathematics, low-dimensional topology is the branch of topology that studies manifolds, or more generally topological spaces, of four or fewer dimensions.

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M-theory

M-theory is a theory in physics that unifies all consistent versions of superstring theory.

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MacArthur Fellows Program

The MacArthur Fellows Program, MacArthur Fellowship, or "Genius Grant", is a prize awarded annually by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation typically to between 20 and 30 individuals, working in any field, who have shown "extraordinary originality and dedication in their creative pursuits and a marked capacity for self-direction" and are citizens or residents of the United States.

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Manifold

In mathematics, a manifold is a topological space that locally resembles Euclidean space near each point.

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Maryland

Maryland is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia, and Washington, D.C. to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east.

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Master of Arts

A Master of Arts (Magister Artium; abbreviated MA; also Artium Magister, abbreviated AM) is a person who was admitted to a type of master's degree awarded by universities in many countries, and the degree is also named Master of Arts in colloquial speech.

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Mathematical physics

Mathematical physics refers to the development of mathematical methods for application to problems in physics.

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MHV amplitudes

In theoretical particle physics, maximally helicity violating amplitudes are amplitudes with n external gauge bosons, where n–2 gauge bosons have a particular helicity and the other two have the opposite helicity.

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Michael Atiyah

Sir Michael Francis Atiyah (born 22 April 1929) is an English mathematician specialising in geometry.

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Michael Green (physicist)

Michael Boris Green (born 22 May 1946) is a British physicist and one of the pioneers of string theory.

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Michael Turner (cosmologist)

Michael S. Turner is a theoretical cosmologist, who coined the term dark energy in 1998.

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Minkowski space

In mathematical physics, Minkowski space (or Minkowski spacetime) is a combining of three-dimensional Euclidean space and time into a four-dimensional manifold where the spacetime interval between any two events is independent of the inertial frame of reference in which they are recorded.

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Morse theory

"Morse function" redirects here.

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Nathan Seiberg

Nathan "Nati" Seiberg (born September 22, 1956) is an Israeli American theoretical physicist who works on string theory.

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National Medal of Science

The National Medal of Science is an honor bestowed by the President of the United States to individuals in science and engineering who have made important contributions to the advancement of knowledge in the fields of behavioral and social sciences, biology, chemistry, engineering, mathematics and physics.

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Nemmers Prize in Mathematics

The Frederic Esser Nemmers Prize in Mathematics is awarded biennially from Northwestern University.

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Nicolai Reshetikhin

Nicolai Yuryevich Reshetikhin (Николай Юрьевич Решетихин, born October 10, 1958 in Leningrad, Soviet Union) is a mathematical physicist, currently a professor of mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley and a professor of mathematical physics at the University of Amsterdam.

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Noncommutative geometry

Noncommutative geometry (NCG) is a branch of mathematics concerned with a geometric approach to noncommutative algebras, and with the construction of spaces that are locally presented by noncommutative algebras of functions (possibly in some generalized sense).

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Noncommutative quantum field theory

In mathematical physics, noncommutative quantum field theory (or quantum field theory on noncommutative spacetime) is an application of noncommutative mathematics to the spacetime of quantum field theory that is an outgrowth of noncommutative geometry and index theory in which the coordinate functions are noncommutative.

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Nuclear Physics (journal)

Nuclear Physics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier.

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Orthogonal group

In mathematics, the orthogonal group in dimension, denoted, is the group of distance-preserving transformations of a Euclidean space of dimension that preserve a fixed point, where the group operation is given by composing transformations.

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Park School of Baltimore

The Park School of Baltimore (colloquially known as Park) is a private, co-educational K-12 school located in Brooklandville, Maryland, United States, just north of the city of Baltimore.

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Path integral formulation

The path integral formulation of quantum mechanics is a description of quantum theory that generalizes the action principle of classical mechanics.

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Pavel Etingof

Pavel Ilyich Etingof (Павел Ильич Этингоф; born 1969) is an American mathematician of Russian-Ukrainian origin.

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Physics

Physics (from knowledge of nature, from φύσις phýsis "nature") is the natural science that studies matterAt the start of The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Richard Feynman offers the atomic hypothesis as the single most prolific scientific concept: "If, in some cataclysm, all scientific knowledge were to be destroyed one sentence what statement would contain the most information in the fewest words? I believe it is that all things are made up of atoms – little particles that move around in perpetual motion, attracting each other when they are a little distance apart, but repelling upon being squeezed into one another..." and its motion and behavior through space and time and that studies the related entities of energy and force."Physical science is that department of knowledge which relates to the order of nature, or, in other words, to the regular succession of events." Physics is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines, and its main goal is to understand how the universe behaves."Physics is one of the most fundamental of the sciences. Scientists of all disciplines use the ideas of physics, including chemists who study the structure of molecules, paleontologists who try to reconstruct how dinosaurs walked, and climatologists who study how human activities affect the atmosphere and oceans. Physics is also the foundation of all engineering and technology. No engineer could design a flat-screen TV, an interplanetary spacecraft, or even a better mousetrap without first understanding the basic laws of physics. (...) You will come to see physics as a towering achievement of the human intellect in its quest to understand our world and ourselves."Physics is an experimental science. Physicists observe the phenomena of nature and try to find patterns that relate these phenomena.""Physics is the study of your world and the world and universe around you." Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines and, through its inclusion of astronomy, perhaps the oldest. Over the last two millennia, physics, chemistry, biology, and certain branches of mathematics were a part of natural philosophy, but during the scientific revolution in the 17th century, these natural sciences emerged as unique research endeavors in their own right. Physics intersects with many interdisciplinary areas of research, such as biophysics and quantum chemistry, and the boundaries of physics are not rigidly defined. New ideas in physics often explain the fundamental mechanisms studied by other sciences and suggest new avenues of research in academic disciplines such as mathematics and philosophy. Advances in physics often enable advances in new technologies. For example, advances in the understanding of electromagnetism and nuclear physics led directly to the development of new products that have dramatically transformed modern-day society, such as television, computers, domestic appliances, and nuclear weapons; advances in thermodynamics led to the development of industrialization; and advances in mechanics inspired the development of calculus.

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Pierre Deligne

Pierre René, Viscount Deligne (born 3 October 1944) is a Belgian mathematician.

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Pontifical Academy of Sciences

The Pontifical Academy of Sciences (Pontificia accademia delle scienze, Pontificia Academia Scientiarum) is a scientific academy of the Vatican City, established in 1936 by Pope Pius XI, and thriving with the blessing of the Papacy ever since.

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Pope Benedict XVI

Pope Benedict XVI (Benedictus XVI; Benedetto XVI; Benedikt XVI; born Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger;; 16 April 1927) served as Pope and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 2005 until his resignation in 2013.

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Positive energy theorem

In general relativity, the positive energy theorem (more commonly known as the positive mass conjecture) states that, assuming the dominant energy condition, the mass of an asymptotically flat spacetime is non-negative; furthermore, the mass is zero only for Minkowski spacetime.

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Princeton University

Princeton University is a private Ivy League research university in Princeton, New Jersey.

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Princeton, New Jersey

Princeton is a municipality with a borough form of government in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States, that was established in its current form on January 1, 2013, through the consolidation of the Borough of Princeton and Princeton Township.

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Professor

Professor (commonly abbreviated as Prof.) is an academic rank at universities and other post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries.

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Quantum field theory

In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is the theoretical framework for constructing quantum mechanical models of subatomic particles in particle physics and quasiparticles in condensed matter physics.

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Quantum gravity

Quantum gravity (QG) is a field of theoretical physics that seeks to describe gravity according to the principles of quantum mechanics, and where quantum effects cannot be ignored, such as near compact astrophysical objects where the effects of gravity are strong.

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Richard Schoen

Richard Melvin Schoen (born October 23, 1950) is an American mathematician known for his work in differential geometry.

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Rigour

Rigour (British English) or rigor (American English; see spelling differences) describes a condition of stiffness or strictness.

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Roman Jackiw

Roman Wladimir Jackiw (born 8 November 1939) is a theoretical physicist and Dirac Medallist.

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Royal Society

The President, Council and Fellows of the Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, commonly known as the Royal Society, is a learned society.

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Royal Society of Edinburgh

The Royal Society of Edinburgh is Scotland's national academy of science and letters.

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Sam Treiman

Sam Bard Treiman (May 27, 1925 – November 30, 1999) was an American theoretical physicist who produced research in the fields of cosmic rays, quantum physics, plasma physics and gravity physics.

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Seiberg–Witten invariants

In mathematics, Seiberg–Witten invariants are invariants of compact smooth 4-manifolds introduced by, using the Seiberg–Witten theory studied by during their investigations of Seiberg–Witten gauge theory.

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Seiberg–Witten theory

In theoretical physics, Seiberg–Witten theory is a theory that determines an exact low-energy effective action (for massless degrees of freedom) of a N.

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Sergei Gukov

Sergei Gukov (Серге́й Гу́ков; born 1977) is a string theorist who is a professor of physics at Caltech and at UCSB (University of California Santa Barbara).

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Shamit Kachru

Shamit Kachru (Devanagari: शमित काचरू; born 1970) is a string theorist, a professor of physics at Stanford University, and the Wells Family Director of the Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics.

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Shing-Tung Yau

Shing-Tung Yau (born April 4, 1949) is a chinese and naturalized American mathematician.

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Sidney Coleman

Sidney Richard Coleman (7 March 1937 – 18 November 2007) was an American theoretical physicist who studied under Murray Gell-Mann.

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Spacetime

In physics, spacetime is any mathematical model that fuses the three dimensions of space and the one dimension of time into a single four-dimensional continuum.

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Stephen Hawking

Stephen William Hawking (8 January 1942 – 14 March 2018) was an English theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and author, who was director of research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology at the University of Cambridge at the time of his death.

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Steven Weinberg

Steven Weinberg (born May 3, 1933) is an American theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate in Physics for his contributions with Abdus Salam and Sheldon Glashow to the unification of the weak force and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles.

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String duality

String duality is a class of symmetries in physics that link different string theories, theories which assume that the fundamental building blocks of the universe are strings instead of point particles.

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String theory

In physics, string theory is a theoretical framework in which the point-like particles of particle physics are replaced by one-dimensional objects called strings.

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Supergravity

In theoretical physics, supergravity (supergravity theory; SUGRA for short) is a modern field theory that combines the principles of supersymmetry and general relativity where supersymmetry obeys locality; in contrast to non-gravitational supersymmetric theories such as the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model.

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Superstring theory

Superstring theory is an attempt to explain all of the particles and fundamental forces of nature in one theory by modeling them as vibrations of tiny supersymmetric strings.

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Supersymmetric gauge theory

In theoretical physics, there are many theories with supersymmetry (SUSY) which also have internal gauge symmetries.

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Supersymmetric quantum mechanics

In theoretical physics, supersymmetric quantum mechanics is an area of research where mathematical concepts from high-energy physics are applied to the field of quantum mechanics.

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Supersymmetry

In particle physics, supersymmetry (SUSY) is a theory that proposes a relationship between two basic classes of elementary particles: bosons, which have an integer-valued spin, and fermions, which have a half-integer spin.

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The Nation

The Nation is the oldest continuously published weekly magazine in the United States, and the most widely read weekly journal of progressive political and cultural news, opinion, and analysis.

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The New Republic

The New Republic is a liberal American magazine of commentary on politics and the arts, published since 1914, with influence on American political and cultural thinking.

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Theoretical physics

Theoretical physics is a branch of physics that employs mathematical models and abstractions of physical objects and systems to rationalize, explain and predict natural phenomena.

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Theory of everything

A theory of everything (ToE), final theory, ultimate theory, or master theory is a hypothetical single, all-encompassing, coherent theoretical framework of physics that fully explains and links together all physical aspects of the universe.

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Thesis

A thesis or dissertation is a document submitted in support of candidature for an academic degree or professional qualification presenting the author's research and findings.

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Time (magazine)

Time is an American weekly news magazine and news website published in New York City.

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Time 100

Time 100 (often written in all-caps as TIME 100) is an annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world assembled by the American news magazine Time.

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Topological quantum field theory

A topological quantum field theory (or topological field theory or TQFT) is a quantum field theory which computes topological invariants.

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Topological string theory

In theoretical physics, topological string theory is a version of string theory.

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Topology

In mathematics, topology (from the Greek τόπος, place, and λόγος, study) is concerned with the properties of space that are preserved under continuous deformations, such as stretching, crumpling and bending, but not tearing or gluing.

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Two-state solution

The two-state solution refers to a solution of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict which calls for "two states for two groups of people." The two-state solution envisages an independent State of Palestine alongside the State of Israel, west of the Jordan River.

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Type I string theory

In theoretical physics, type I string theory is one of five consistent supersymmetric string theories in ten dimensions.

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Type II string theory

In theoretical physics, type II string theory is a unified term that includes both type IIA strings and type IIB strings theories.

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University of Oxford

The University of Oxford (formally The Chancellor Masters and Scholars of the University of Oxford) is a collegiate research university located in Oxford, England.

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University of Southern California

The University of Southern California (USC or SC) is a private research university in Los Angeles, California.

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University of Washington

The University of Washington (commonly referred to as UW, simply Washington, or informally U-Dub) is a public research university in Seattle, Washington.

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University of Wisconsin–Madison

The University of Wisconsin–Madison (also known as University of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, UW, or regionally as UW–Madison, or simply Madison) is a public research university in Madison, Wisconsin, United States.

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Vafa–Witten theorem

In theoretical physics, the Vafa–Witten theorem, named after Cumrun Vafa and Edward Witten, is a theorem that shows that vector-like global symmetries (those that transform as expected under reflections) such as isospin and baryon number in vector-like gauge theories like QCD cannot be spontanteously broken as long as the theta angle is zero.

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Vladimir Turaev

Vladimir Georgievich Turaev (Владимир Георгиевич Тураев, born 17 October 1954) is a Russian mathematician, specializing in topology.

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Weinberg–Witten theorem

In theoretical physics, the Weinberg–Witten (WW) theorem, proved by Steven Weinberg and Edward Witten, states that massless particles (either composite or elementary) with spin j > 1/2 cannot carry a Lorentz-covariant current, while massless particles with spin j > 1 cannot carry a Lorentz-covariant stress-energy.

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Wess–Zumino–Witten model

In theoretical physics and mathematics, a Wess–Zumino–Witten (WZW) model, also called a Wess–Zumino–Novikov–Witten model, is a type of two-dimensional conformal field theory named after Julius Wess, Bruno Zumino, Sergei Novikov and Edward Witten.

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Witten conjecture

In algebraic geometry, the Witten conjecture is a conjecture about intersection numbers of stable classes on the moduli space of curves, introduced by, and generalized in.

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Witten index

In quantum field theory and statistical mechanics, the Witten index at the inverse temperature β is defined as a modification of the standard partition function: Note the (-1)F operator, where F is the fermion number operator.

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Xiao-Gang Wen

Xiao-Gang Wen (born November 26, 1961) is a Chinese-American physicist.

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3-manifold

In mathematics, a 3-manifold is a space that locally looks like Euclidean 3-dimensional space.

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4-manifold

In mathematics, a 4-manifold is a 4-dimensional topological manifold.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Witten

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