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Electron shell

Index Electron shell

In chemistry and atomic physics, an electron shell, or a principal energy level, may be thought of as an orbit followed by electrons around an atom's nucleus. [1]

170 relations: Actinide, Actinium, Alkali metal, Aluminium, Americium, Antimony, Argon, Arithmetic progression, Arnold Sommerfeld, Arsenic, Astatine, Atom, Atomic nucleus, Atomic number, Atomic orbital, Atomic physics, Aufbau principle, Azimuthal quantum number, Barium, Berkelium, Beryllium, Bismuth, Bohr model, Bohrium, Boron, Bromine, Cadmium, Caesium, Calcium, Californium, Carbon, Cerium, Charles Glover Barkla, Chemical element, Chemistry, Chlorine, Chromium, Circular symmetry, Cobalt, Copernicium, Copper, Core charge, Crystal field theory, Curium, Darmstadtium, Dubnium, Dysprosium, Einsteinium, Electric field, Electron, ..., Electron configuration, Electron configurations of the elements (data page), Electron counting, Electron shell, Emission spectrum, Energy, Erbium, Europium, Extended periodic table, Fermium, Flerovium, Fluorine, Francium, Gadolinium, Gallium, Germanium, Gilbert N. Lewis, Gold, Group (periodic table), Hafnium, Half-life, Halogen, Hassium, Helium, Henry Moseley, Holmium, Hydrogen, Indium, Iodine, Iridium, Iron, Krypton, Lanthanide, Lanthanum, Lawrencium, Lead, Linus Pauling, Lithium, Livermorium, Lutetium, Magnesium, Manganese, Meitnerium, Mendelevium, Mercury (element), Molybdenum, Moscovium, Neodymium, Neon, Neptunium, Nickel, Nihonium, Niobium, Nitrogen, Nobelium, Noble gas, Oganesson, Orbit, Osmium, Oxygen, Palladium, Period 7 element, Periodic table, Periodic table (electron configurations), Phosphorus, Physical chemistry, Platinum, Plutonium, Polonium, Potassium, Praseodymium, Principal quantum number, Promethium, Protactinium, Quantum mechanics, Quantum number, Radium, Radon, Relativistic quantum chemistry, Rhenium, Rhodium, Roentgenium, Rubidium, Ruthenium, Rutherfordium, Samarium, Scandium, Seaborgium, Selenium, Siegbahn notation, Silicon, Silver, Sodium, Spectroscopy, Square number, Strontium, Sulfur, Tantalum, Technetium, Tellurium, Tennessine, Terbium, Thallium, Thorium, Thulium, Tin, Titanium, Transition metal, Tungsten, Uranium, Valence electron, Vanadium, X-ray, X-ray notation, Xenon, Ytterbium, Yttrium, Zinc, Zirconium, 18-electron rule. Expand index (120 more) »

Actinide

The actinide or actinoid (IUPAC nomenclature) series encompasses the 15 metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers from 89 to 103, actinium through lawrencium.

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Actinium

Actinium is a chemical element with symbol Ac and atomic number 89.

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Alkali metal

The alkali metals are a group (column) in the periodic table consisting of the chemical elements lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K),The symbols Na and K for sodium and potassium are derived from their Latin names, natrium and kalium; these are still the names for the elements in some languages, such as German and Russian.

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Aluminium

Aluminium or aluminum is a chemical element with symbol Al and atomic number 13.

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Americium

Americium is a synthetic chemical element with symbol Am and atomic number 95.

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Antimony

Antimony is a chemical element with symbol Sb (from stibium) and atomic number 51.

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Argon

Argon is a chemical element with symbol Ar and atomic number 18.

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Arithmetic progression

In mathematics, an arithmetic progression (AP) or arithmetic sequence is a sequence of numbers such that the difference between the consecutive terms is constant.

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Arnold Sommerfeld

Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld, (5 December 1868 – 26 April 1951) was a German theoretical physicist who pioneered developments in atomic and quantum physics, and also educated and mentored a large number of students for the new era of theoretical physics.

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Arsenic

Arsenic is a chemical element with symbol As and atomic number 33.

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Astatine

Astatine is a radioactive chemical element with symbol At and atomic number 85.

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Atom

An atom is the smallest constituent unit of ordinary matter that has the properties of a chemical element.

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Atomic nucleus

The atomic nucleus is the small, dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom, discovered in 1911 by Ernest Rutherford based on the 1909 Geiger–Marsden gold foil experiment.

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Atomic number

The atomic number or proton number (symbol Z) of a chemical element is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom.

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Atomic orbital

In quantum mechanics, an atomic orbital is a mathematical function that describes the wave-like behavior of either one electron or a pair of electrons in an atom.

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Atomic physics

Atomic physics is the field of physics that studies atoms as an isolated system of electrons and an atomic nucleus.

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Aufbau principle

The aufbau principle states that in the ground state of an atom or ion, electrons fill atomic orbitals of the lowest available energy levels before occupying higher levels.

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Azimuthal quantum number

The azimuthal quantum number is a quantum number for an atomic orbital that determines its orbital angular momentum and describes the shape of the orbital.

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Barium

Barium is a chemical element with symbol Ba and atomic number 56.

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Berkelium

Berkelium is a transuranic radioactive chemical element with symbol Bk and atomic number 97.

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Beryllium

Beryllium is a chemical element with symbol Be and atomic number 4.

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Bismuth

Bismuth is a chemical element with symbol Bi and atomic number 83.

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Bohr model

In atomic physics, the Rutherford–Bohr model or Bohr model or Bohr diagram, introduced by Niels Bohr and Ernest Rutherford in 1913, depicts the atom as a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons that travel in circular orbits around the nucleus—similar to the structure of the Solar System, but with attraction provided by electrostatic forces rather than gravity.

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Bohrium

Bohrium is a synthetic chemical element with symbol Bh and atomic number 107.

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Boron

Boron is a chemical element with symbol B and atomic number 5.

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Bromine

Bromine is a chemical element with symbol Br and atomic number 35.

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Cadmium

Cadmium is a chemical element with symbol Cd and atomic number 48.

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Caesium

Caesium (British spelling and IUPAC spelling) or cesium (American spelling) is a chemical element with symbol Cs and atomic number 55.

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Calcium

Calcium is a chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20.

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Californium

Californium is a radioactive chemical element with symbol Cf and atomic number 98.

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Carbon

Carbon (from carbo "coal") is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6.

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Cerium

Cerium is a chemical element with symbol Ce and atomic number 58.

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Charles Glover Barkla

Charles Glover Barkla FRS FRSE (7 June 1877 – 23 October 1944) was a British physicist, and the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1917 for his work in X-ray spectroscopy and related areas in the study of X-rays (Roentgen rays).

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Chemical element

A chemical element is a species of atoms having the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei (that is, the same atomic number, or Z).

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Chemistry

Chemistry is the scientific discipline involved with compounds composed of atoms, i.e. elements, and molecules, i.e. combinations of atoms: their composition, structure, properties, behavior and the changes they undergo during a reaction with other compounds.

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Chlorine

Chlorine is a chemical element with symbol Cl and atomic number 17.

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Chromium

Chromium is a chemical element with symbol Cr and atomic number 24.

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Circular symmetry

In geometry, circular symmetry is a type of continuous symmetry for a planar object that can be rotated by any arbitrary angle and map onto itself.

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Cobalt

Cobalt is a chemical element with symbol Co and atomic number 27.

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Copernicium

Copernicium is a synthetic chemical element with symbol Cn and atomic number 112.

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Copper

Copper is a chemical element with symbol Cu (from cuprum) and atomic number 29.

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Core charge

Core charge is the effective nuclear charge experienced by an outer shell electron.

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Crystal field theory

Crystal Field Theory (CFT) is a model that describes the breaking of degeneracies of electron orbital states, usually d or f orbitals, due to a static electric field produced by a surrounding charge distribution (anion neighbors).

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Curium

Curium is a transuranic radioactive chemical element with symbol Cm and atomic number 96.

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Darmstadtium

Darmstadtium is a synthetic chemical element with symbol Ds and atomic number 110.

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Dubnium

Dubnium is a synthetic chemical element with symbol Db and atomic number 105.

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Dysprosium

Dysprosium is a chemical element with symbol Dy and atomic number 66.

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Einsteinium

Einsteinium is a synthetic element with symbol Es and atomic number 99.

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Electric field

An electric field is a vector field surrounding an electric charge that exerts force on other charges, attracting or repelling them.

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Electron

The electron is a subatomic particle, symbol or, whose electric charge is negative one elementary charge.

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Electron configuration

In atomic physics and quantum chemistry, the electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule (or other physical structure) in atomic or molecular orbitals.

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Electron configurations of the elements (data page)

This page shows the electron configurations of the neutral gaseous atoms in their ground states.

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Electron counting

Electron counting is a formalism used for classifying compounds and for explaining or predicting electronic structure and bonding.

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Electron shell

In chemistry and atomic physics, an electron shell, or a principal energy level, may be thought of as an orbit followed by electrons around an atom's nucleus.

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Emission spectrum

The emission spectrum of a chemical element or chemical compound is the spectrum of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation emitted due to an atom or molecule making a transition from a high energy state to a lower energy state.

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Energy

In physics, energy is the quantitative property that must be transferred to an object in order to perform work on, or to heat, the object.

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Erbium

Erbium is a chemical element with symbol Er and atomic number 68.

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Europium

Europium is a chemical element with symbol Eu and atomic number 63.

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Extended periodic table

An extended periodic table theorizes about elements beyond oganesson (beyond period 7, or row 7).

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Fermium

Fermium is a synthetic element with symbol Fm and atomic number 100.

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Flerovium

Flerovium is a superheavy artificial chemical element with symbol Fl and atomic number 114.

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Fluorine

Fluorine is a chemical element with symbol F and atomic number 9.

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Francium

Francium is a chemical element with symbol Fr and atomic number 87.

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Gadolinium

Gadolinium is a chemical element with symbol Gd and atomic number 64.

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Gallium

Gallium is a chemical element with symbol Ga and atomic number 31.

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Germanium

Germanium is a chemical element with symbol Ge and atomic number 32.

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Gilbert N. Lewis

Gilbert Newton Lewis (October 25 (or 23), 1875 – March 23, 1946) was an American physical chemist known for the discovery of the covalent bond and his concept of electron pairs; his Lewis dot structures and other contributions to valence bond theory have shaped modern theories of chemical bonding.

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Gold

Gold is a chemical element with symbol Au (from aurum) and atomic number 79, making it one of the higher atomic number elements that occur naturally.

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Group (periodic table)

In chemistry, a group (also known as a family) is a column of elements in the periodic table of the chemical elements.

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Hafnium

Hafnium is a chemical element with symbol Hf and atomic number 72.

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Half-life

Half-life (symbol t1⁄2) is the time required for a quantity to reduce to half its initial value.

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Halogen

The halogens are a group in the periodic table consisting of five chemically related elements: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At).

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Hassium

Hassium is a synthetic chemical element with symbol Hs and atomic number 108.

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Helium

Helium (from lit) is a chemical element with symbol He and atomic number 2.

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Henry Moseley

Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley (23 November 1887 – 10 August 1915) was an English physicist, whose contribution to the science of physics was the justification from physical laws of the previous empirical and chemical concept of the atomic number.

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Holmium

Holmium is a chemical element with symbol Ho and atomic number 67.

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Hydrogen

Hydrogen is a chemical element with symbol H and atomic number 1.

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Indium

Indium is a chemical element with symbol In and atomic number 49.

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Iodine

Iodine is a chemical element with symbol I and atomic number 53.

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Iridium

Iridium is a chemical element with symbol Ir and atomic number 77.

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Iron

Iron is a chemical element with symbol Fe (from ferrum) and atomic number 26.

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Krypton

Krypton (from translit "the hidden one") is a chemical element with symbol Kr and atomic number 36.

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Lanthanide

The lanthanide or lanthanoid series of chemical elements comprises the 15 metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers 57 through 71, from lanthanum through lutetium.

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Lanthanum

Lanthanum is a chemical element with symbol La and atomic number 57.

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Lawrencium

Lawrencium is a synthetic chemical element with symbol Lr (formerly Lw) and atomic number 103.

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Lead

Lead is a chemical element with symbol Pb (from the Latin plumbum) and atomic number 82.

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Linus Pauling

Linus Carl Pauling (February 28, 1901 – August 19, 1994) was an American chemist, biochemist, peace activist, author, educator, and husband of American human rights activist Ava Helen Pauling.

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Lithium

Lithium (from lit) is a chemical element with symbol Li and atomic number 3.

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Livermorium

Livermorium is a synthetic chemical element with symbol Lv and atomic number 116.

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Lutetium

Lutetium is a chemical element with symbol Lu and atomic number 71.

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Magnesium

Magnesium is a chemical element with symbol Mg and atomic number 12.

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Manganese

Manganese is a chemical element with symbol Mn and atomic number 25.

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Meitnerium

Meitnerium is a synthetic chemical element with symbol Mt and atomic number 109.

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Mendelevium

Mendelevium is a synthetic element with chemical symbol Md (formerly Mv) and atomic number 101.

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Mercury (element)

Mercury is a chemical element with symbol Hg and atomic number 80.

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Molybdenum

Molybdenum is a chemical element with symbol Mo and atomic number 42.

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Moscovium

Moscovium is a synthetic chemical element with symbol Mc and atomic number 115.

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Neodymium

Neodymium is a chemical element with symbol Nd and atomic number 60.

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Neon

Neon is a chemical element with symbol Ne and atomic number 10.

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Neptunium

Neptunium is a chemical element with symbol Np and atomic number 93.

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Nickel

Nickel is a chemical element with symbol Ni and atomic number 28.

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Nihonium

Nihonium is a synthetic chemical element with symbol Nh and atomic number 113.

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Niobium

Niobium, formerly known as columbium, is a chemical element with symbol Nb (formerly Cb) and atomic number 41.

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Nitrogen

Nitrogen is a chemical element with symbol N and atomic number 7.

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Nobelium

Nobelium is a synthetic chemical element with symbol No and atomic number 102.

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Noble gas

The noble gases (historically also the inert gases) make up a group of chemical elements with similar properties; under standard conditions, they are all odorless, colorless, monatomic gases with very low chemical reactivity.

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Oganesson

Oganesson is a synthetic chemical element with symbol Og and atomic number 118.

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Orbit

In physics, an orbit is the gravitationally curved trajectory of an object, such as the trajectory of a planet around a star or a natural satellite around a planet.

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Osmium

Osmium (from Greek ὀσμή osme, "smell") is a chemical element with symbol Os and atomic number 76.

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Oxygen

Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8.

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Palladium

Palladium is a chemical element with symbol Pd and atomic number 46.

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Period 7 element

A period 7 element is one of the chemical elements in the seventh row (or period) of the periodic table of the chemical elements.

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Periodic table

The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, ordered by their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties, whose structure shows periodic trends.

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Periodic table (electron configurations)

* Configurations of elements 109 and above are not available.

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Phosphorus

Phosphorus is a chemical element with symbol P and atomic number 15.

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Physical chemistry

Physical Chemistry is the study of macroscopic, atomic, subatomic, and particulate phenomena in chemical systems in terms of the principles, practices, and concepts of physics such as motion, energy, force, time, thermodynamics, quantum chemistry, statistical mechanics, analytical dynamics and chemical equilibrium.

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Platinum

Platinum is a chemical element with symbol Pt and atomic number 78.

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Plutonium

Plutonium is a radioactive chemical element with symbol Pu and atomic number 94.

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Polonium

Polonium is a chemical element with symbol Po and atomic number 84.

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Potassium

Potassium is a chemical element with symbol K (from Neo-Latin kalium) and atomic number 19.

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Praseodymium

Praseodymium is a chemical element with symbol Pr and atomic number 59.

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Principal quantum number

In quantum mechanics, the principal quantum number (symbolized n) is one of four quantum numbers which are assigned to all electrons in an atom to describe that electron's state.

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Promethium

Promethium is a chemical element with symbol Pm and atomic number 61.

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Protactinium

Protactinium (formerly protoactinium) is a chemical element with symbol Pa and atomic number 91.

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Quantum mechanics

Quantum mechanics (QM; also known as quantum physics, quantum theory, the wave mechanical model, or matrix mechanics), including quantum field theory, is a fundamental theory in physics which describes nature at the smallest scales of energy levels of atoms and subatomic particles.

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Quantum number

Quantum numbers describe values of conserved quantities in the dynamics of a quantum system.

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Radium

Radium is a chemical element with symbol Ra and atomic number 88.

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Radon

Radon is a chemical element with symbol Rn and atomic number 86.

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Relativistic quantum chemistry

Relativistic quantum chemistry combines relativistic mechanics with quantum chemistry to explain elemental properties and structure, especially for the heavier elements of the periodic table.

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Rhenium

Rhenium is a chemical element with symbol Re and atomic number 75.

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Rhodium

Rhodium is a chemical element with symbol Rh and atomic number 45.

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Roentgenium

Roentgenium is a chemical element with symbol Rg and atomic number 111.

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Rubidium

Rubidium is a chemical element with symbol Rb and atomic number 37.

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Ruthenium

Ruthenium is a chemical element with symbol Ru and atomic number 44.

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Rutherfordium

Rutherfordium is a synthetic chemical element with symbol Rf and atomic number 104, named after physicist Ernest Rutherford.

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Samarium

Samarium is a chemical element with symbol Sm and atomic number 62.

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Scandium

Scandium is a chemical element with symbol Sc and atomic number 21.

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Seaborgium

Seaborgium is a synthetic chemical element with symbol Sg and atomic number 106.

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Selenium

Selenium is a chemical element with symbol Se and atomic number 34.

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Siegbahn notation

The Siegbahn notation is used in X-ray spectroscopy to name the spectral lines that are characteristic to elements.

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Silicon

Silicon is a chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14.

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Silver

Silver is a chemical element with symbol Ag (from the Latin argentum, derived from the Proto-Indo-European ''h₂erǵ'': "shiny" or "white") and atomic number 47.

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Sodium

Sodium is a chemical element with symbol Na (from Latin natrium) and atomic number 11.

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Spectroscopy

Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation.

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Square number

In mathematics, a square number or perfect square is an integer that is the square of an integer; in other words, it is the product of some integer with itself.

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Strontium

Strontium is the chemical element with symbol Sr and atomic number 38.

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Sulfur

Sulfur or sulphur is a chemical element with symbol S and atomic number 16.

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Tantalum

Tantalum is a chemical element with symbol Ta and atomic number 73.

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Technetium

Technetium is a chemical element with symbol Tc and atomic number 43.

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Tellurium

Tellurium is a chemical element with symbol Te and atomic number 52.

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Tennessine

Tennessine is a synthetic chemical element with symbol Ts and atomic number 117.

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Terbium

Terbium is a chemical element with symbol Tb and atomic number 65.

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Thallium

Thallium is a chemical element with symbol Tl and atomic number 81.

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Thorium

Thorium is a weakly radioactive metallic chemical element with symbol Th and atomic number 90.

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Thulium

Thulium is a chemical element with symbol Tm and atomic number 69.

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Tin

Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn (from stannum) and atomic number 50.

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Titanium

Titanium is a chemical element with symbol Ti and atomic number 22.

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Transition metal

In chemistry, the term transition metal (or transition element) has three possible meanings.

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Tungsten

Tungsten, or wolfram, is a chemical element with symbol W (referring to wolfram) and atomic number 74.

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Uranium

Uranium is a chemical element with symbol U and atomic number 92.

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Valence electron

In chemistry, a valence electron is an outer shell electron that is associated with an atom, and that can participate in the formation of a chemical bond if the outer shell is not closed; in a single covalent bond, both atoms in the bond contribute one valence electron in order to form a shared pair.

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Vanadium

Vanadium is a chemical element with symbol V and atomic number 23.

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X-ray

X-rays make up X-radiation, a form of electromagnetic radiation.

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X-ray notation

X-ray notation is a method of labeling atomic orbitals that grew out of X-ray science.

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Xenon

Xenon is a chemical element with symbol Xe and atomic number 54.

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Ytterbium

Ytterbium is a chemical element with symbol Yb and atomic number 70.

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Yttrium

Yttrium is a chemical element with symbol Y and atomic number 39.

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Zinc

Zinc is a chemical element with symbol Zn and atomic number 30.

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Zirconium

Zirconium is a chemical element with symbol Zr and atomic number 40.

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18-electron rule

The 18-electron rule is a rule used primarily for predicting and rationalizing formulae for stable metal complexes, especially organometallic compounds.

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D shell, D-shell, Electron shells, Electron subshell, F-shell, Full outer shell, K shell, M shell, Shell Atomic Model, Valance shells, Valence shell, Valency rules.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_shell

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