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Scanning tunneling microscope

Index Scanning tunneling microscope

A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is an instrument for imaging surfaces at the atomic level. [1]

60 relations: Absolute zero, Atomic force microscopy, Ångström, Biasing, Carbon nanotube, Density of states, Diffusion, Digital image processing, Eddy current, Electrical resistance and conductance, Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscope, Electron, Electron microscope, Electron-beam lithography, Fermi level, Fermi's golden rule, Fermi–Dirac statistics, Ferromagnetism, Force, Friedel oscillations, Gas spring, Gerd Binnig, Gold, Heinrich Rohrer, IBM, Image resolution, Impurity, John Bardeen, Lithography, Local density of states, Magnetic levitation, Metal-insulator-metal, Microscopy, Nanometre, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Nickel, Nobel Prize in Physics, Photon scanning microscopy, Photoresist, Picometre, Piezoelectricity, Platinum-iridium alloy, Quantum mechanics, Quantum realm, Quantum tunnelling, Radius of curvature, Scanning electron microscope, Scanning probe microscopy, Scanning tunneling spectroscopy, Schrödinger equation, ..., Spin polarized scanning tunneling microscopy, Tungsten, Vacuum level, Vibration isolation, Voltage, Wave, Wave function, Wave–particle duality, Work function, Xenon. Expand index (10 more) »

Absolute zero

Absolute zero is the lower limit of the thermodynamic temperature scale, a state at which the enthalpy and entropy of a cooled ideal gas reach their minimum value, taken as 0.

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Atomic force microscopy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) or scanning force microscopy (SFM) is a very-high-resolution type of scanning probe microscopy (SPM), with demonstrated resolution on the order of fractions of a nanometer, more than 1000 times better than the optical diffraction limit.

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Ångström

The ångström or angstrom is a unit of length equal to (one ten-billionth of a metre) or 0.1 nanometre.

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Biasing

Biasing in electronics means establishing predetermined voltages or currents at various points of an electronic circuit for the purpose of establishing proper operating conditions in electronic components.

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Carbon nanotube

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure.

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Density of states

In solid-state and condensed matter physics, the density of states (DOS) of a system describes the number of states per interval of energy at each energy level available to be occupied.

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Diffusion

Diffusion is the net movement of molecules or atoms from a region of high concentration (or high chemical potential) to a region of low concentration (or low chemical potential) as a result of random motion of the molecules or atoms.

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Digital image processing

In computer science, Digital image processing is the use of computer algorithms to perform image processing on digital images.

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Eddy current

Eddy currents (also called Foucault currents) are loops of electrical current induced within conductors by a changing magnetic field in the conductor due to Faraday's law of induction.

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Electrical resistance and conductance

The electrical resistance of an electrical conductor is a measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through that conductor.

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Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscope

The electrochemical scanning tunneling microscope (ESTM) is a scanning tunneling microscope that measures the structures of surfaces and electrochemical reactions in solid-liquid interfaces at atomic or molecular scales.

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Electron

The electron is a subatomic particle, symbol or, whose electric charge is negative one elementary charge.

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Electron microscope

An electron microscope is a microscope that uses a beam of accelerated electrons as a source of illumination.

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Electron-beam lithography

Electron-beam lithography (often abbreviated as e-beam lithography) is the practice of scanning a focused beam of electrons to draw custom shapes on a surface covered with an electron-sensitive film called a resist (exposing).

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Fermi level

The Fermi level chemical potential for electrons (or electrochemical potential for electrons), usually denoted by µ or EF, of a body is a thermodynamic quantity, whose significance is the thermodynamic work required to add one electron to the body (not counting the work required to remove the electron from wherever it came from).

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Fermi's golden rule

In quantum physics, Fermi's golden rule is a formula that describes the transition rate (probability of transition per unit time) from one energy eigenstate of a quantum system into other energy eigenstates in a continuum, effected by a weak perturbation.

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Fermi–Dirac statistics

In quantum statistics, a branch of physics, Fermi–Dirac statistics describe a distribution of particles over energy states in systems consisting of many identical particles that obey the Pauli exclusion principle.

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Ferromagnetism

Ferromagnetism is the basic mechanism by which certain materials (such as iron) form permanent magnets, or are attracted to magnets.

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Force

In physics, a force is any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object.

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Friedel oscillations

Friedel oscillations arise from localized perturbations in a metallic or semiconductor system caused by a defect in the Fermi gas or Fermi liquid.

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Gas spring

A gas spring is a type of spring that, unlike a typical mechanical spring that relies on elastic deformation, uses compressed gas contained within an enclosed cylinder sealed by a sliding piston to pneumatically store potential energy and withstand external force applied parallel to the direction of the piston shaft.

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Gerd Binnig

Gerd Binnig (born 20 July 1947) is a German physicist, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986 for the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope.

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Gold

Gold is a chemical element with symbol Au (from aurum) and atomic number 79, making it one of the higher atomic number elements that occur naturally.

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Heinrich Rohrer

Heinrich Rohrer (6 June 1933 – 16 May 2013) was a Swiss physicist who shared half of the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physics with Gerd Binnig for the design of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM).

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IBM

The International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York, United States, with operations in over 170 countries.

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Image resolution

Image resolution is the detail an image holds.

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Impurity

Impurities are either naturally occurring or added during synthesis of a chemical or commercial product.

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John Bardeen

John Bardeen (May 23, 1908 – January 30, 1991) was an American physicist and electrical engineer.

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Lithography

Lithography is a method of printing originally based on the immiscibility of oil and water.

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Local density of states

Local density of states (LDOS) is a physical quantity that describes the density of states, but space-resolved.

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Magnetic levitation

Magnetic levitation, maglev, or magnetic suspension is a method by which an object is suspended with no support other than magnetic fields.

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Metal-insulator-metal

Metal-insulator-metal (MIM) diode is a type of nonlinear device very similar to a semiconductor diode that is capable of very fast operation.

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Microscopy

Microscopy is the technical field of using microscopes to view objects and areas of objects that cannot be seen with the naked eye (objects that are not within the resolution range of the normal eye).

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Nanometre

The nanometre (International spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: nm) or nanometer (American spelling) is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one billionth (short scale) of a metre (m).

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National Institute of Standards and Technology

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is one of the oldest physical science laboratories in the United States.

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Nickel

Nickel is a chemical element with symbol Ni and atomic number 28.

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Nobel Prize in Physics

The Nobel Prize in Physics (Nobelpriset i fysik) is a yearly award given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for those who conferred the most outstanding contributions for mankind in the field of physics.

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Photon scanning microscopy

The operation of a photon scanning tunneling microscope (PSTM) is analogous to the operation of an electron scanning tunneling microscope (ESTM), with the primary distinction being that PSTM involves tunneling of photons instead of electrons from the sample surface to the probe tip.

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Photoresist

A photoresist is a light-sensitive material used in several processes, such as photolithography and photoengraving, to form a patterned coating on a surface.

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Picometre

The picometre (international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: pm) or picometer (American spelling) is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to, or one trillionth of a metre, which is the SI base unit of length.

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Piezoelectricity

Piezoelectricity is the electric charge that accumulates in certain solid materials (such as crystals, certain ceramics, and biological matter such as bone, DNA and various proteins) in response to applied mechanical stress.

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Platinum-iridium alloy

Platinum-iridium alloys are alloys of the platinum group precious metals platinum and iridium.

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Quantum mechanics

Quantum mechanics (QM; also known as quantum physics, quantum theory, the wave mechanical model, or matrix mechanics), including quantum field theory, is a fundamental theory in physics which describes nature at the smallest scales of energy levels of atoms and subatomic particles.

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Quantum realm

The quantum realm, also called the quantum scale, is a term of art in physics referring to scales where quantum mechanical effects become important when studied as an isolated system.

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Quantum tunnelling

Quantum tunnelling or tunneling (see spelling differences) is the quantum mechanical phenomenon where a particle tunnels through a barrier that it classically cannot surmount.

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Radius of curvature

In differential geometry, the radius of curvature,, is the reciprocal of the curvature.

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Scanning electron microscope

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning the surface with a focused beam of electrons.

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Scanning probe microscopy

Scanning probe microscope (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen.

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Scanning tunneling spectroscopy

Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), an extension of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), is used to provide information about the density of electrons in a sample as a function of their energy.

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Schrödinger equation

In quantum mechanics, the Schrödinger equation is a mathematical equation that describes the changes over time of a physical system in which quantum effects, such as wave–particle duality, are significant.

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Spin polarized scanning tunneling microscopy

Spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy (SP-STM) is a specialized application of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) that can provide detailed information of magnetic phenomena on the single-atom scale additional to the atomic topography gained with STM.

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Tungsten

Tungsten, or wolfram, is a chemical element with symbol W (referring to wolfram) and atomic number 74.

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Vacuum level

In physics, the vacuum level refers to the energy of a free stationary electron that is outside of any material (it is in a perfect vacuum).

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Vibration isolation

Vibration isolation is the process of isolating an object, such as a piece of equipment, from the source of vibrations.

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Voltage

Voltage, electric potential difference, electric pressure or electric tension (formally denoted or, but more often simply as V or U, for instance in the context of Ohm's or Kirchhoff's circuit laws) is the difference in electric potential between two points.

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Wave

In physics, a wave is a disturbance that transfers energy through matter or space, with little or no associated mass transport.

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Wave function

A wave function in quantum physics is a mathematical description of the quantum state of an isolated quantum system.

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Wave–particle duality

Wave–particle duality is the concept in quantum mechanics that every particle or quantic entity may be partly described in terms not only of particles, but also of waves.

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Work function

In solid-state physics, the work setting (sometimes spelled workfunction) is the minimum thermodynamic work (i.e. energy) needed to remove an electron from a solid to a point in the vacuum immediately outside the solid surface.

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Xenon

Xenon is a chemical element with symbol Xe and atomic number 54.

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Electron tunnel microscopy, Microscopy, scanning tunneling, STM microscope, Scanning Tunneling Microscope, Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, Scanning tunneling, Scanning tunneling microscopy, Scanning tunnelling microscope, Scanning tunnelling microscopy, Scanning-tunneling microscope.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_tunneling_microscope

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