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Epidemiology of snakebites

Index Epidemiology of snakebites

Most snakebites are caused by non-venomous snakes. [1]

141 relations: Acanthophis, Aeta people, Alaska, Amazon basin, Antarctica, Antivenom, Arboreal locomotion, Asia, Atlantic Ocean, Atractaspidinae, Atractaspis, Australasia, Australasian realm, Australia, Austrelaps, Banded krait, Bangladesh, Big Four (Indian snakes), Bitis, Bitis arietans, Black mamba, Black-necked spitting cobra, Boomslang, Bothriopsis bilineata, Bothrops, Bothrops asper, Bothrops atrox, Brown tree snake, Calloselasma, Caribbean, Caribbean Sea, Case fatality rate, Causinae, Central America, Colubridae, Common krait, Coral reef, Coral snake, Crotalus, Crotalus durissus, Eastern brown snake, Eastern diamondback rattlesnake, Echis, Echis carinatus, Egyptian cobra, El Salvador, Elapidae, Enhydrina schistosa, Envenomation, Europe, ..., Forest cobra, Fossorial, Genus, Guinea, Hawaii, Hevea brasiliensis, Hoplocephalus, Hydrophiinae, Hypnale hypnale, India, Indian cobra, Indian Ocean, Indian subcontinent, Japan, Jellyfish stings in Australia, Kangaroo Island, Kerala, King cobra, Latin America, Macrovipera lebetina, Maine, Mamba, Man-eater, Mediterranean Sea, Mexico, Micronesia, Micropechis ikaheka, Micrurus nigrocinctus, Middle East, Monocled cobra, Myanmar, Naja, Neotropical realm, New Guinea, Nocturnality, North Africa, North America, North Carolina, Northern Australia, Oceania, Oceanian realm, Pacific Islands, Pacific Ocean, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Pelagic zone, Philippines, Philodryas, Pit viper, Plantation, Pseudechis, Pseudonaja, Rattlesnake, Red Sea, Reticulated python, Rhabdophis, Russell's viper, Sahel, Scorpion sting, Snake venom, Snakebite, Solomon Islands, South Africa, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Spider bite, Sri Lanka, Sub-Saharan Africa, Sudanian Savanna, Tachymenis, Taipan, Tasmania, Territory (animal), Thailand, Tiger snake, Tonga, Trimeresurus, Tropidechis carinatus, Twig snake, United States, Vanuatu, Venomous snake, Vipera ammodytes, Vipera aspis, Vipera latastei, Vipera palaestinae, Vipera xanthina, Viperidae, Western Asia, Western diamondback rattlesnake, Yellow-bellied sea snake. Expand index (91 more) »

Acanthophis

Acanthophis is a genus of elapid snakes.

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Aeta people

The Aeta (Ayta), or Agta, are an indigenous people who live in scattered, isolated mountainous parts of the island of Luzon, the Philippines.

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Alaska

Alaska (Alax̂sxax̂) is a U.S. state located in the northwest extremity of North America.

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Amazon basin

The Amazon basin is the part of South America drained by the Amazon River and its tributaries.

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Antarctica

Antarctica is Earth's southernmost continent.

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Antivenom

Antivenom, also known as antivenin, venom antiserum and antivenom immunoglobulin, is a medication made from antibodies which is used to treat certain venomous bites and stings.

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Arboreal locomotion

Arboreal locomotion is the locomotion of animals in trees.

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Asia

Asia is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the Eastern and Northern Hemispheres.

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Atlantic Ocean

The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans with a total area of about.

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Atractaspidinae

The Atractaspidinae are a family of snakes found in Africa and the Middle East, commonly called mole vipers, stiletto snakes, or burrowing asps.

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Atractaspis

Atractaspis is a genus of venomous snakes found in Africa.

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Australasia

Australasia, a region of Oceania, comprises Australia, New Zealand, neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean and, sometimes, the island of New Guinea (which is usually considered to be part of Melanesia).

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Australasian realm

The Australasian realm is a biogeographic realm that is coincident, but not synonymous (by some definitions), with the geographical region of Australasia.

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Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands.

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Austrelaps

Austrelaps is a genus of venomous elapid snakes native to the relatively fertile, temperate, southern and eastern part of the Australian continent.

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Banded krait

The banded krait (Bungarus fasciatus) is a species of elapid snake found on the Indian Subcontinent and in Southeast Asia.

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Bangladesh

Bangladesh (বাংলাদেশ, lit. "The country of Bengal"), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh (গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ), is a country in South Asia.

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Big Four (Indian snakes)

The four venomous snake species responsible for causing the greatest number of medically significant human snake bite cases on the Indian Subcontinent (mostly in India) are sometimes collectively referred to as the Big Four.

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Bitis

Bitis is a genus of venomous vipers found in Africa and the southern Arabian Peninsula.

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Bitis arietans

Bitis arietans is a venomous viper species found in savannah and grasslands from Morocco and western Arabia throughout Africa except for the Sahara and rain forest regions.

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Black mamba

The black mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis) is a highly venomous snake endemic to parts of sub-Saharan Africa.

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Black-necked spitting cobra

The black-necked spitting cobra (Naja nigricollis) is a species of spitting cobra found mostly in sub-Saharan Africa.

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Boomslang

The boomslang (or; Dispholidus typus) is a large, venomous snake in the family Colubridae.

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Bothriopsis bilineata

Bothriopsis bilineata is a venomous pitviper species found in the Amazon region of South America.

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Bothrops

Bothrops is a genus of pit vipers endemic to Central and South America.

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Bothrops asper

Bothrops asper is a highly venomous pit viper species ranging from southern Mexico to northern South America and is considered to be one of the most dangerous snakes in the western hemisphere.

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Bothrops atrox

Bothrops atrox — also known as the common lancehead, fer-de-lance, barba amarillaCampbell JA, Lamar WW.

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Brown tree snake

The brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) is an arboreal rear-fanged colubrid snake native to eastern and northern coastal Australia, eastern Indonesia (Sulawesi to Papua), Papua New Guinea, and a large number of islands in northwestern Melanesia.

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Calloselasma

Calloselasma is a monotypic genus created for a venomous pit viper species, C. rhodostoma, which is endemic to Southeast Asia from Thailand to northern Malaysia and on the island of Java.

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Caribbean

The Caribbean is a region that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean) and the surrounding coasts.

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Caribbean Sea

The Caribbean Sea (Mar Caribe; Mer des Caraïbes; Caraïbische Zee) is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean in the tropics of the Western Hemisphere.

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Case fatality rate

In epidemiology, a case fatality rate (CFR)—or case fatality risk, case fatality ratio or just fatality rate—is the proportion of deaths within a designated population of "cases" (people with a medical condition) over the course of the disease.

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Causinae

The Causinae are a monotypic subfamily of venomous vipers found only in sub-Saharan Africa.

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Central America

Central America (América Central, Centroamérica) is the southernmost, isthmian portion of the North American continent, which connects with the South American continent on the southeast.

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Colubridae

Colubridae (from Latin coluber, snake) is a family of snakes.

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Common krait

The common krait (Bungarus caeruleus), also known as Indian krait or blue krait) is a species of venomous snake of the genus Bungarus found in the jungles of the Indian subcontinent. It is a member of the "big four" species, inflicting the most snakebites on humans in India.

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Coral reef

Coral reefs are diverse underwater ecosystems held together by calcium carbonate structures secreted by corals.

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Coral snake

Coral snakes are a large group of elapid snakes that can be subdivided into two distinct groups, Old World coral snakes and New World coral snakes.

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Crotalus

Crotalus is a genus of venomous pit vipers in the family Viperidae.

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Crotalus durissus

Crotalus durissus is a venomous pit viper species found in South America.

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Eastern brown snake

The eastern brown snake (Pseudonaja textilis), often referred to as the common brown snake, is an extremely venomous snake of the family Elapidae, native to eastern and central Australia and southern New Guinea.

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Eastern diamondback rattlesnake

Crotalus adamanteus is a pit viper species found in the southeastern United States.

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Echis

Echis (common names: saw-scaled vipers, carpet vipersSpawls S, Branch B. 1995. The Dangerous Snakes of Africa. Dubai: Ralph Curtis Books. Oriental Press. 192 pp..) is a genus of venomous vipers found in the dry regions of Africa, the Middle East, Pakistan, India, and Sri Lanka.

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Echis carinatus

Echis carinatus is a venomous viper species found in parts of the Middle East and Central Asia, and especially the Indian subcontinent.

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Egyptian cobra

The Egyptian cobra (Naja haje) is a species of venomous snake in the family Elapidae.

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El Salvador

El Salvador, officially the Republic of El Salvador (República de El Salvador, literally "Republic of The Savior"), is the smallest and the most densely populated country in Central America.

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Elapidae

The Elapidae (ἔλλοψ éllops, "sea-fish") are a family of venomous snakes found in the tropics and subtropics around the world, with terrestrial forms in Asia, Australia, Africa, North America, and South America as well as marine forms in the Pacific and Indian oceans.

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Enhydrina schistosa

Enhydrina schistosa, commonly known as the beaked sea snake, (වාලක්කඩියා), hook-nosed sea snake, common sea snake, or the Valakadyn sea snake, is a highly venomous species of sea snake common throughout the tropical Indo-Pacific.

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Envenomation

Envenomation is the process by which venom is injected into some animal by the bite (or sting) of a venomous animal.

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Europe

Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.

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Forest cobra

The forest cobra (Naja melanoleuca), also commonly called the black cobra and the black and white-lipped cobra, is a species of venomous snake in the family Elapidae.

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Fossorial

Cape ground squirrel. A fossorial (from Latin fossor, "digger") is an animal adapted to digging and lives primarily, but not solely, underground.

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Genus

A genus (genera) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, as well as viruses, in biology.

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Guinea

Guinea, officially the Republic of Guinea (République de Guinée), is a country on the western coast of Africa.

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Hawaii

Hawaii (Hawaii) is the 50th and most recent state to have joined the United States, having received statehood on August 21, 1959.

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Hevea brasiliensis

Hevea brasiliensis, the Pará rubber tree, sharinga tree, seringueira, or, most commonly, the rubber tree or rubber plant, is a tree belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae.

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Hoplocephalus

Hoplocephalus is a genus of snakes in the family Elapidae.

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Hydrophiinae

The Hydrophiinae, commonly known as sea snakes or coral reef snakes, are a subfamily of venomous elapid snakes that inhabit marine environments for most or all of their lives.

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Hypnale hypnale

Hypnale hypnale is a venomous pit viper species endemic to India and Sri Lanka.

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India

India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.

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Indian cobra

The Indian cobra (Naja naja) also known as the spectacled cobra, Asian cobra, or binocellate cobra is a species of the genus Naja found in the India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Bhutan, and a member of the "big four" species that inflict the most snakebites on humans in India.

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Indian Ocean

The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering (approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface).

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Indian subcontinent

The Indian subcontinent is a southern region and peninsula of Asia, mostly situated on the Indian Plate and projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas.

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Japan

Japan (日本; Nippon or Nihon; formally 日本国 or Nihon-koku, lit. "State of Japan") is a sovereign island country in East Asia.

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Jellyfish stings in Australia

Jellyfish stings in Australia can cause pain, paralysis and death for swimmers with exposed skin.

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Kangaroo Island

Kangaroo Island is Australia's third-largest island, after Tasmania and Melville Island.

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Kerala

Kerala is a state in South India on the Malabar Coast.

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King cobra

The king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah), also known as the hamadryad, is a venomous snake species in the family Elapidae, endemic to forests from India through Southeast Asia.

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Latin America

Latin America is a group of countries and dependencies in the Western Hemisphere where Spanish, French and Portuguese are spoken; it is broader than the terms Ibero-America or Hispanic America.

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Macrovipera lebetina

Macrovipera lebetina is a venomous viper species found in North Africa, much of the Middle East, and as far east as Kashmir.

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Maine

Maine is a U.S. state in the New England region of the northeastern United States.

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Mamba

Mambas are fast-moving venomous snakes of the genus Dendroaspis (which literally means "tree asp") in the family Elapidae.

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Man-eater

Man-eater is a colloquial term for an individual animal that preys on humans as a pattern of hunting behavior.

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Mediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa and on the east by the Levant.

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Mexico

Mexico (México; Mēxihco), officially called the United Mexican States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos) is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America.

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Micronesia

Micronesia ((); from μικρός mikrós "small" and νῆσος nêsos "island") is a subregion of Oceania, composed of thousands of small islands in the western Pacific Ocean.

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Micropechis ikaheka

Micropechis ikaheka, commonly known as the New Guinea small-eyed snake or Ikaheka snake, is a highly venomous elapid, the only species in the genus Micropechis.

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Micrurus nigrocinctus

Micrurus nigrocinctus, commonly known as the Central American coral snake, is a species of venomous elapid snake that ranges from southern Mexico through Central America (except Belize) to northwestern Colombia.

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Middle East

The Middle Easttranslit-std; translit; Orta Şərq; Central Kurdish: ڕۆژھەڵاتی ناوین, Rojhelatî Nawîn; Moyen-Orient; translit; translit; translit; Rojhilata Navîn; translit; Bariga Dhexe; Orta Doğu; translit is a transcontinental region centered on Western Asia, Turkey (both Asian and European), and Egypt (which is mostly in North Africa).

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Monocled cobra

The monocled cobra (Naja kaouthia), also called monocellate cobra, is a cobra species widespread across South and Southeast Asia and listed as Least Concern by IUCN.

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Myanmar

Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia.

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Naja

Naja is a genus of venomous elapid snakes known as cobras.

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Neotropical realm

The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting the Earth's land surface.

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New Guinea

New Guinea (Nugini or, more commonly known, Papua, historically, Irian) is a large island off the continent of Australia.

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Nocturnality

Nocturnality is an animal behavior characterized by being active during the night and sleeping during the day.

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North Africa

North Africa is a collective term for a group of Mediterranean countries and territories situated in the northern-most region of the African continent.

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North America

North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere; it is also considered by some to be a northern subcontinent of the Americas.

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North Carolina

North Carolina is a U.S. state in the southeastern region of the United States.

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Northern Australia

The term Northern Australia includes Queensland and the Northern Territory (NT).

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Oceania

Oceania is a geographic region comprising Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia and Australasia.

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Oceanian realm

The Oceanian realm is one of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) biogeographic realms, and is unique in not including any continental land mass.

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Pacific Islands

The Pacific Islands are the islands of the Pacific Ocean.

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Pacific Ocean

The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's oceanic divisions.

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Panama

Panama (Panamá), officially the Republic of Panama (República de Panamá), is a country in Central America, bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south.

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Papua New Guinea

Papua New Guinea (PNG;,; Papua Niugini; Hiri Motu: Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an Oceanian country that occupies the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and its offshore islands in Melanesia, a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean north of Australia.

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Pelagic zone

The pelagic zone consists of the water column of the open ocean, and can be further divided into regions by depth.

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Philippines

The Philippines (Pilipinas or Filipinas), officially the Republic of the Philippines (Republika ng Pilipinas), is a unitary sovereign and archipelagic country in Southeast Asia.

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Philodryas

Philodryas is a genus of colubrid snakes endemic to South America, commonly called green snakes.

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Pit viper

The Crotalinae, commonly known as pit vipers,Mehrtens JM.

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Plantation

A plantation is a large-scale farm that specializes in cash crops.

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Pseudechis

Pseudechis is a genus of venomous snakes in the family Elapidae.

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Pseudonaja

Pseudonaja is a genus of venomous elapid snakes native to Australia.

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Rattlesnake

Rattlesnakes are a group of venomous snakes of the genera Crotalus and Sistrurus of the subfamily Crotalinae (the pit vipers).

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Red Sea

The Red Sea (also the Erythraean Sea) is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia.

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Reticulated python

The reticulated python (Python reticulatus) is a species of python found in South Asia and Southeast Asia.

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Rhabdophis

Rhabdophis is a genus of snakes in the family Colubridae.

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Russell's viper

Russell's viper (Daboia russelii) is a species of venomous snake in the family Viperidae.

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Sahel

The Sahel is the ecoclimatic and biogeographic zone of transition in Africa between the Sahara to the north and the Sudanian Savanna to the south.

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Scorpion sting

Scorpion stings are a cutaneous condition caused by the stinging of scorpions, usually resulting in pain, paresthesia, and variable swelling.

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Snake venom

Snake venom is highly modified saliva containing zootoxins which facilitates the immobilization and digestion of prey, and defense against threats.

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Snakebite

A snakebite is an injury caused by the bite of a snake, especially a venomous snake.

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Solomon Islands

Solomon Islands is a sovereign country consisting of six major islands and over 900 smaller islands in Oceania lying to the east of Papua New Guinea and northwest of Vanuatu and covering a land area of.

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South Africa

South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa.

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South Asia

South Asia or Southern Asia (also known as the Indian subcontinent) is a term used to represent the southern region of the Asian continent, which comprises the sub-Himalayan SAARC countries and, for some authorities, adjoining countries to the west and east.

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Southeast Asia

Southeast Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Australia.

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Spider bite

A spider bite, also known as arachnidism, is an injury resulting from the bite of a spider.

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Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා; Tamil: இலங்கை Ilaṅkai), officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean to the southwest of the Bay of Bengal and to the southeast of the Arabian Sea.

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Sub-Saharan Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa is, geographically, the area of the continent of Africa that lies south of the Sahara.

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Sudanian Savanna

The Sudanian Savanna is a broad belt of tropical savanna that runs east and west across the African continent, from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the western lowlands in the east.

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Tachymenis

Tachymenis is a genus of venomous snakes belonging to the family Colubridae.

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Taipan

The taipans are snakes of the genus Oxyuranus in the elapid family.

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Tasmania

Tasmania (abbreviated as Tas and known colloquially as Tassie) is an island state of Australia.

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Territory (animal)

In ethology, territory is the sociographical area that an animal of a particular species consistently defends against conspecifics (or, occasionally, animals of other species).

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Thailand

Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam, is a unitary state at the center of the Southeast Asian Indochinese peninsula composed of 76 provinces.

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Tiger snake

Tiger snakes are a venomous snake species found in the southern regions of Australia, including its coastal islands, such as Tasmania.

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Tonga

Tonga (Tongan: Puleʻanga Fakatuʻi ʻo Tonga), officially the Kingdom of Tonga, is a Polynesian sovereign state and archipelago comprising 169 islands, of which 36 are inhabited.

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Trimeresurus

Trimeresurus is a genus of venomous pit vipers found in Asia from the Indian Subcontinent throughout Southeast Asia, China and the Pacific Islands.

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Tropidechis carinatus

Tropidechis carinatus (rough-scaled snake) is a highly venomous Australian elapid.

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Twig snake

The twig snakes (genus Thelotornis), also commonly known as bird snakes or vine snakes, are a genus of rear-fanged snakes in the family Colubridae, native to Africa.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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Vanuatu

Vanuatu (or; Bislama, French), officially the Republic of Vanuatu (République de Vanuatu, Bislama: Ripablik blong Vanuatu), is a Pacific island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean.

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Venomous snake

Venomous snakes are species of the suborder Serpentes that are capable of producing venom, which is used primarily for immobilizing prey and defense mostly via mechanical injection by fangs.

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Vipera ammodytes

Vipera ammodytes (other common names include horned viper, long-nosed viper, nose-horned viper, sand viper)Street, D. 1979.

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Vipera aspis

Vipera aspis is a venomous viper species found in southwestern Europe.

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Vipera latastei

Vipera latastei is a venomous viper species endemic to extreme southwestern Europe and northwestern Africa.

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Vipera palaestinae

Vipera palaestinae,Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003.

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Vipera xanthina

Vipera xanthina is a venomous viper species found in northeastern Greece and Turkey, as well as certain islands in the Aegean Sea.

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Viperidae

The Viperidae (vipers) is a family of venomous snakes found in most parts of the world, excluding Antarctica, Australia, New Zealand, Madagascar, Hawaii, various other isolated islands, and north of the Arctic Circle.

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Western Asia

Western Asia, West Asia, Southwestern Asia or Southwest Asia is the westernmost subregion of Asia.

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Western diamondback rattlesnake

The western diamondback rattlesnake or Texas diamond-backWright AH, Wright AA.

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Yellow-bellied sea snake

Hydrophis platurus, commonly known as the yellow-bellied sea snake, yellowbelly sea snake or pelagic sea snake, is a species of snake from the subfamily Hydrophiinae (the sea snakes) found in tropical oceanic waters around the world, excluding the Atlantic Ocean.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiology_of_snakebites

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