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Economy of Estonia

Index Economy of Estonia

Estonian economy is an advanced economy and a member of the European Union and of the eurozone. [1]

138 relations: Agence France-Presse, Baltic Germans, Baltic Tiger, Bank of Estonia, Bay mud, Bloomberg L.P., BLRT Grupp, Central bank, Central Intelligence Agency, Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales, Chemical substance, Clay, Collective, Collectivism, Comecon, Cotton mill, Currency board, Deutsche Mark, Developed country, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, Dolomite, E-services, Ease of doing business index, EasyJet, Economy of Europe, Eesti Energia, Elisa (company), Ericsson, Estonia, Estonian euro coins, Estonian kroon, Estonian mark, Estonian Reform Party, Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, Estonian War of Independence, Estonica, Euro, European Economic Area, European Union, Eurostat, Eurozone, Financial crisis of 2007–2008, Finland, Finnair, Fitch Ratings, Flat tax, Free trade, Fuel oil, Government debt, Government of Estonia, ..., Granite, Graptolitic argillite, Gravel, Great Recession, Greece, GRID-Arendal, Heliport, Helsinki Stock Exchange, Income tax, Index of Economic Freedom, International Monetary Fund, Krenholm Manufacturing Company, Labour market flexibility, Landlord, Latvia, Lime (material), Limestone, List of countries by GDP (nominal), List of countries by GDP (PPP), Lists of countries by GDP per capita, Lithuania, Lufthansa, Maxima Group, Mining, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Estonia), Moody's Investors Service, Motor fuel, Muuga Harbour, Narva Power Plants, Nasdaq Nordic, Natural resource, Nazism, Nordea, Nordic energy market, Nordica (airline), Northern Crusades, OECD, Official development assistance, Oil shale, Oil shale in Estonia, Oil shale industry, Pan-European Institute, Peat, Phosphorite, Port, Port of Tallinn, Portugal, Privatization, Purchasing power parity, Resource, Reuters, Riigikogu, Rimi Baltic, Russian ruble, Sand, Scandinavian Airlines, SEB Pank, Soviet Union, Sovietization, Spain, Standard & Poor's, Statistics Estonia, Structural adjustment, Subsoil, Sulfur dioxide, Swedbank, Tallink, Tallinn, Tallinn Airport, Tallinn Stock Exchange, Tartu, The Economist, The Heritage Foundation, Tiigrihüpe, Treaty of Tartu (Russian–Estonian), Tsar, University of Turku, Value-added tax, Watt, Western Europe, Wind power in Estonia, Workforce, World Bank, World Bank Group, World Trade Organization, World War I, World War II, 1995 enlargement of the European Union. Expand index (88 more) »

Agence France-Presse

Agence France-Presse (AFP) is an international news agency headquartered in Paris, France.

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Baltic Germans

The Baltic Germans (Deutsch-Balten or Deutschbalten, later Baltendeutsche) are ethnic German inhabitants of the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea, in what today are Estonia and Latvia.

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Baltic Tiger

Baltic Tiger is a term used to refer to any of the three Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania during their periods of economic boom, which started after the year 2000 and continued until 2006–2007.

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Bank of Estonia

The Bank of Estonia (Eesti Pank) is the central bank of Estonia as well as a member of the Eurosystem organisation of euro area central banks.

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Bay mud

Bay mud consists of thick deposits of soft, unconsolidated silty clay, which is saturated with water; these soil layers are situated at the bottom of certain estuaries, which are normally in temperate regions that have experienced cyclical glacial cycles.

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Bloomberg L.P.

Bloomberg L.P. is a privately held financial, software, data, and media company headquartered in Midtown Manhattan, New York City.

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BLRT Grupp

BLRT Grupp (Balti Laevaremonditehas) is a shipbuilding company headquartered in Tallinn, Estonia.

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Central bank

A central bank, reserve bank, or monetary authority is an institution that manages a state's currency, money supply, and interest rates.

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Central Intelligence Agency

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the United States federal government, tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT).

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Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales

The Centre d'Études Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales (CEPII) is the main French institute for research into international economics.

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Chemical substance

A chemical substance, also known as a pure substance, is a form of matter that consists of molecules of the same composition and structure.

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Clay

Clay is a finely-grained natural rock or soil material that combines one or more clay minerals with possible traces of quartz (SiO2), metal oxides (Al2O3, MgO etc.) and organic matter.

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Collective

A collective is a group of entities that share or are motivated by at least one common issue or interest, or work together to achieve a common objective.

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Collectivism

Collectivism is a cultural value that is characterized by emphasis on cohesiveness among individuals and prioritization of the group over self.

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Comecon

The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (English abbreviation COMECON, CMEA, or CAME) was an economic organization from 1949 to 1991 under the leadership of the Soviet Union that comprised the countries of the Eastern Bloc along with a number of communist states elsewhere in the world.

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Cotton mill

A cotton mill is a factory housing powered spinning or weaving machinery for the production of yarn or cloth from cotton, an important product during the Industrial Revolution when the early mills were important in the development of the factory system.

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Currency board

A currency board is a monetary authority which is required to maintain a fixed exchange rate with a foreign currency.

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Deutsche Mark

The Deutsche Mark ("German mark"), abbreviated "DM" or, was the official currency of West Germany from 1948 until 1990 and later the unified Germany from 1990 until 2002.

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Developed country

A developed country, industrialized country, more developed country, or "more economically developed country" (MEDC), is a sovereign state that has a highly developed economy and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations.

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Dissolution of the Soviet Union

The dissolution of the Soviet Union occurred on December 26, 1991, officially granting self-governing independence to the Republics of the Soviet Union.

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Dolomite

Dolomite is an anhydrous carbonate mineral composed of calcium magnesium carbonate, ideally The term is also used for a sedimentary carbonate rock composed mostly of the mineral dolomite.

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E-services

The concept of e-service (short for electronic service) represents one prominent application of utilizing the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in different areas.

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Ease of doing business index

The ease of doing business index is an index created by Simeon Djankov at the World Bank Group.

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EasyJet

EasyJet Airline Company Limited, styled as easyJet, is a British low-cost carrier airline headquartered at London Luton Airport.

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Economy of Europe

The economy of Europe comprises more than 740 million people in 50 different countries.

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Eesti Energia

Eesti Energia AS is a private limited energy company in Estonia with its headquarters in Tallinn.

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Elisa (company)

Elisa Oyj is a Finnish telecommunications company founded in 1882.

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Ericsson

Ericsson (Telefonaktiebolaget L. M. Ericsson) is a Swedish multinational networking and telecommunications company headquartered in Stockholm.

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Estonia

Estonia (Eesti), officially the Republic of Estonia (Eesti Vabariik), is a sovereign state in Northern Europe.

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Estonian euro coins

Estonian euro coins feature a single design for all eight coins.

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Estonian kroon

The kroon (sign: kr; code: EEK) was the official currency of Estonia for two periods in history: 1928–1940 and 1992–2011.

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Estonian mark

The Estonian mark (Estonian: Eesti mark) was the currency of Estonia between 1918 and 1927.

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Estonian Reform Party

The Estonian Reform Party (Eesti Reformierakond) is a liberal political party in Estonia.

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Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic

The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (Estonian SSR or ESSR; Eesti Nõukogude Sotsialistlik Vabariik ENSV; Эстонская Советская Социалистическая Республика ЭССР, Estonskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika ESSR), also known as Soviet Estonia or Estonia was an unrecognized republic of the Soviet Union, administered by a subordinate of the Government of the Soviet Union.

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Estonian War of Independence

The Estonian War of Independence (Vabadussõda, literally "Freedom War"), also known as the Estonian Liberation War, was a defensive campaign of the Estonian Army and its allies, most notably the White Russian Northwestern Army, Latvia, and the United Kingdom, against the Soviet Western Front offensive and the aggression of the Baltische Landeswehr.

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Estonica

Estonica is a comprehensive encyclopædia on topics relating to Estonia, particularly the culture and history of Estonia.

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Euro

The euro (sign: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of the European Union.

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European Economic Area

The European Economic Area (EEA) is the area in which the Agreement on the EEA provides for the free movement of persons, goods, services and capital within the European Single Market, including the freedom to choose residence in any country within this area.

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European Union

The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of EUnum member states that are located primarily in Europe.

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Eurostat

Eurostat is a Directorate-General of the European Commission located in Luxembourg.

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Eurozone

No description.

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Financial crisis of 2007–2008

The financial crisis of 2007–2008, also known as the global financial crisis and the 2008 financial crisis, is considered by many economists to have been the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s.

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Finland

Finland (Suomi; Finland), officially the Republic of Finland is a country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Norway to the north, Sweden to the northwest, and Russia to the east.

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Finnair

Finnair (Oyj, Finnair Abp.) is the flag carrier and largest airline of Finland, with its headquarters in Vantaa on the grounds of Helsinki Airport, its hub.

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Fitch Ratings

Fitch Ratings Inc.

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Flat tax

A flat tax (short for flat tax rate) is a tax system with a constant marginal rate, usually applied to individual or corporate income.

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Free trade

Free trade is a free market policy followed by some international markets in which countries' governments do not restrict imports from, or exports to, other countries.

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Fuel oil

Fuel oil (also known as heavy oil, marine fuel or furnace oil) is a fraction obtained from petroleum distillation, either as a distillate or a residue.

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Government debt

Government debt (also known as public interest, public debt, national debt and sovereign debt) is the debt owed by a government.

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Government of Estonia

The Government of the Republic of Estonia (Estonian: Vabariigi Valitsus) is the cabinet of Estonia.

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Granite

Granite is a common type of felsic intrusive igneous rock that is granular and phaneritic in texture.

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Graptolitic argillite

Graptolitic argillite (also known as dictyonema argillite, dictyonema oil shale, dictyonema shale, or Tremadocian black shale) is a marinite-type black shale of sapropelic origin.

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Gravel

Gravel is a loose aggregation of rock fragments.

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Great Recession

The Great Recession was a period of general economic decline observed in world markets during the late 2000s and early 2010s.

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Greece

No description.

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GRID-Arendal

GRID-Arendal is a centre collaborating with the United Nations Environment Programme (UN Environment), located in Arendal, Norway.

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Heliport

A Heliport is by definition an area of land, water, or structure used or intended to be used for the landing and takeoff of helicopters, and includes its buildings and facilities (if any).

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Helsinki Stock Exchange

The Helsinki Stock Exchange (Helsingin Pörssi, Helsingforsbörsen) is a stock exchange located in Helsinki, Finland.

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Income tax

An income tax is a tax imposed on individuals or entities (taxpayers) that varies with respective income or profits (taxable income).

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Index of Economic Freedom

The Index of Economic Freedom is an annual index and ranking created by The Heritage Foundation and The Wall Street Journal in 1995 to measure the degree of economic freedom in the world's nations.

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International Monetary Fund

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of "189 countries working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world." Formed in 1945 at the Bretton Woods Conference primarily by the ideas of Harry Dexter White and John Maynard Keynes, it came into formal existence in 1945 with 29 member countries and the goal of reconstructing the international payment system.

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Krenholm Manufacturing Company

The Krenholm Manufacturing Company (alternate spelling, Kreenholm; German, Krähnholm, meaning "crow islet") is located on the island of Kreenholm in what is now Narva, Estonia, on the border with Russia.

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Labour market flexibility

The degree of labour market flexibility is the speed with which labour markets adapt to fluctuations and changes in society, the economy or production.

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Landlord

A landlord is the owner of a house, apartment, condominium, land or real estate which is rented or leased to an individual or business, who is called a tenant (also a lessee or renter).

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Latvia

Latvia (or; Latvija), officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika), is a sovereign state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe.

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Lime (material)

Lime is a calcium-containing inorganic mineral in which oxides, and hydroxides predominate.

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Limestone

Limestone is a sedimentary rock, composed mainly of skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral, forams and molluscs.

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List of countries by GDP (nominal)

Gross domestic product (GDP) is the market value of all final goods and services from a nation in a given year.

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List of countries by GDP (PPP)

This article includes a list of countries by their forecasted estimated gross domestic product based on purchasing power parity, abbreviated GDP (PPP).

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Lists of countries by GDP per capita

There are two articles listing countries according to their per capita GDP.

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Lithuania

Lithuania (Lietuva), officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika), is a country in the Baltic region of northern-eastern Europe.

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Lufthansa

Deutsche Lufthansa AG, commonly known as Lufthansa (sometimes also as Lufthansa German Airlines), is the largest German airline and, when combined with its subsidiaries, also the largest airline in Europe both in terms of fleet size and passengers carried during 2017.

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Maxima Group

Maxima is a Lithuanian retail chain operating in Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Poland and Bulgaria and it is the largest Lithuanian capital company and the largest employer in the Baltic states.

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Mining

Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, usually from an orebody, lode, vein, seam, reef or placer deposit.

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Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Estonia)

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Estonia (Eesti Vabariigi Välisministeerium) is a Cabinet-level governmental agency in Estonia in charge of conducting and designing Estonian Foreign policy.

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Moody's Investors Service

Moody's Investors Service, often referred to as Moody's, is the bond credit rating business of Moody's Corporation, representing the company's traditional line of business and its historical name.

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Motor fuel

A motor fuel is a fuel that is used to provide power to motor vehicles.

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Muuga Harbour

Muuga Harbour (Muuga sadam) is the largest cargo port in Estonia, located on the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland, northeast of the capital Tallinn, in Maardu.

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Narva Power Plants

The Narva Power Plants (Narva Elektrijaamad) are a power generation complex in and near Narva in Estonia, near the border with Leningrad Oblast, Russia.

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Nasdaq Nordic

Nasdaq Nordic is the common name for the subsidiaries of Nasdaq, Inc. that provide financial services and operate marketplaces for securities in Nordic, Baltic, and Caucasus countries.

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Natural resource

Natural resources are resources that exist without actions of humankind.

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Nazism

National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus), more commonly known as Nazism, is the ideology and practices associated with the Nazi Party – officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP) – in Nazi Germany, and of other far-right groups with similar aims.

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Nordea

Nordea Bank AB, commonly referred to as Nordea, is a Nordic financial services group operating in Northern Europe.

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Nordic energy market

Nordic electricity market is a common market for electricity in the Nordic countries.

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Nordica (airline)

Nordica is the state-owned Estonian flag carrier headquartered in Tallinn and based at Tallinn Airport.

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Northern Crusades

The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were religious wars undertaken by Catholic Christian military orders and kingdoms, primarily against the pagan Baltic, Finnic and West Slavic peoples around the southern and eastern shores of the Baltic Sea, and to a lesser extent also against Orthodox Christian Slavs (East Slavs).

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OECD

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, OCDE) is an intergovernmental economic organisation with 35 member countries, founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade.

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Official development assistance

Official development assistance (ODA) is a term coined by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) to measure aid.

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Oil shale

Oil shale is an organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rock containing kerogen (a solid mixture of organic chemical compounds) from which liquid hydrocarbons, called shale oil (not to be confused with tight oil—crude oil occurring naturally in shales), can be produced.

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Oil shale in Estonia

Oil shale (põlevkivi) is a strategic energy resource that constitutes about 4% of Estonia's gross domestic product.

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Oil shale industry

The oil shale industry is an industry of mining and processing of oil shale—a fine-grained sedimentary rock, containing significant amounts of kerogen (a solid mixture of organic chemical compounds), from which liquid hydrocarbons can be manufactured.

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Pan-European Institute

The Pan-European Institute (PEI) (Finnish Pan-Eurooppa Instituutti) is a Finnish research institute at Turku School of Economics, in Turku, Finland.

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Peat

Peat, also called turf, is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation or organic matter that is unique to natural areas called peatlands, bogs, mires, moors, or muskegs.

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Phosphorite

Phosphorite, phosphate rock or rock phosphate is a non-detrital sedimentary rock which contains high amounts of phosphate minerals.

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Port

A port is a maritime commercial facility which may comprise one or more wharves where ships may dock to load and discharge passengers and cargo.

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Port of Tallinn

Port of Tallinn (Tallinna Sadam) is the biggest port authority in Estonia.

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Portugal

Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa),In recognized minority languages of Portugal: Portugal is the oldest state in the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe, its territory having been continuously settled, invaded and fought over since prehistoric times.

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Privatization

Privatization (also spelled privatisation) is the purchase of all outstanding shares of a publicly traded company by private investors, or the sale of a state-owned enterprise to private investors.

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Purchasing power parity

Purchasing power parity (PPP) is a neoclassical economic theory that states that the exchange rate between two countries is equal to the ratio of the currencies' respective purchasing power.

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Resource

A resource is a source or supply from which a benefit is produced.

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Reuters

Reuters is an international news agency headquartered in London, United Kingdom.

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Riigikogu

The Riigikogu (from riigi-, of the state, and kogu, assembly) is the unicameral parliament of Estonia.

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Rimi Baltic

Rimi Baltic is a major retail operator in the Baltic states based in Riga, Latvia.

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Russian ruble

The Russian ruble or rouble (рубль rublʹ, plural: рубли́ rubli; sign: ₽, руб; code: RUB) is the currency of the Russian Federation, the two partially recognized republics of Abkhazia and South Ossetia and the two unrecognized republics of Donetsk and Luhansk.

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Sand

Sand is a naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles.

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Scandinavian Airlines

Scandinavian Airlines, usually known as SAS, is the flag carrier of Sweden, Norway, and Denmark, which together form mainland Scandinavia.

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SEB Pank

SEB Pank (formerly - Eesti Ühispank, then SEB Eesti Ühispank) is an Estonian bank, owned by the Swedish bank SEB.

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Soviet Union

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.

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Sovietization

Sovietization is the adoption of a political system based on the model of soviets (workers' councils) or the adoption of a way of life and mentality modelled after the Soviet Union.

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Spain

Spain (España), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España), is a sovereign state mostly located on the Iberian Peninsula in Europe.

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Standard & Poor's

Standard & Poor's Financial Services LLC (S&P) is an American financial services company.

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Statistics Estonia

Statistics Estonia (Statistikaamet) is the Estonian government agency responsible for producing official statistics regarding Estonia.

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Structural adjustment

Structural adjustment programmes (SAPs) consist of loans provided by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (WB) to countries that experienced economic crises.

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Subsoil

Subsoil is the layer of soil under the topsoil on the surface of the ground.

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Sulfur dioxide

Sulfur dioxide (also sulphur dioxide in British English) is the chemical compound with the formula.

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Swedbank

Swedbank AB is a Nordic-Baltic banking group based in Stockholm, Sweden, offering retail banking, asset management, financial, and other services.

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Tallink

Tallink is an Estonian shipping company operating Baltic Sea cruise ferries and ropax ships from Estonia to Finland, Estonia to Sweden, Latvia to Sweden and Finland to Sweden.

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Tallinn

Tallinn (or,; names in other languages) is the capital and largest city of Estonia.

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Tallinn Airport

Tallinn Airport (Tallinna lennujaam) or Lennart Meri Tallinn Airport (Lennart Meri Tallinna lennujaam) is the largest airport in Estonia and serves as a hub for the national airline Nordica, as well as the secondary hub for AirBaltic and LOT Polish Airlines.

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Tallinn Stock Exchange

The Nasdaq Tallinn Stock Exchange is a stock exchange operating in Tallinn, Estonia.

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Tartu

Tartu (South Estonian: Tarto) is the second largest city of Estonia, after Estonia's political and financial capital Tallinn.

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The Economist

The Economist is an English-language weekly magazine-format newspaper owned by the Economist Group and edited at offices in London.

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The Heritage Foundation

The Heritage Foundation (abbreviated to Heritage) is an American conservative public policy think tank based in Washington, D.C. The foundation took a leading role in the conservative movement during the presidency of Ronald Reagan, whose policies were taken from Heritage's policy study Mandate for Leadership.

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Tiigrihüpe

Tiigrihüpe (Estonian for Tiger's Leap) was a project undertaken by Republic of Estonia to heavily invest in development and expansion of computer and network infrastructure in Estonia, with a particular emphasis on education.

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Treaty of Tartu (Russian–Estonian)

Tartu Peace Treaty (Tartu rahu, literally "Tartu peace") or Treaty of Tartu is a peace treaty between Estonia and Soviet Russia signed on February 2, 1920 ending the Estonian War of Independence.

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Tsar

Tsar (Old Bulgarian / Old Church Slavonic: ц︢рь or цар, цaрь), also spelled csar, or czar, is a title used to designate East and South Slavic monarchs or supreme rulers of Eastern Europe.

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University of Turku

The University of Turku (in Finnish Turun yliopisto, in Swedish Åbo universitet, shortened in UTU), located in Turku in southwestern Finland (EU), is the second largest university in the country as measured by student enrollment, after University of Helsinki.

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Value-added tax

A value-added tax (VAT), known in some countries as a goods and services tax (GST), is a type of tax that is assessed incrementally, based on the increase in value of a product or service at each stage of production or distribution.

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Watt

The watt (symbol: W) is a unit of power.

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Western Europe

Western Europe is the region comprising the western part of Europe.

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Wind power in Estonia

Wind power in Estonia in 2012 amounted to an installed capacity of 269.4 MW, whilst roughly 1466.5 MW worth of projects are currently being developed.

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Workforce

The workforce or labour force (labor force in American English; see spelling differences) is the labour pool in employment.

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World Bank

The World Bank (Banque mondiale) is an international financial institution that provides loans to countries of the world for capital projects.

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World Bank Group

The World Bank Group (WBG) (Groupe de la Banque mondiale) is a family of five international organizations that make leveraged loans to developing countries.

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World Trade Organization

The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization that regulates international trade.

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World War I

World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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1995 enlargement of the European Union

The 1995 enlargement of the European Union saw Austria, Finland, and Sweden accede to the European Union (EU).

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Redirects here:

Economy of estonia, Estonia/Economy, Natural resources of Estonia.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Estonia

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