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Estonian national awakening

Index Estonian national awakening

The Estonian Age of Awakening (Ärkamisaeg) is a period in history where Estonians came to acknowledge themselves as a nation deserving the right to govern themselves. [1]

48 relations: Alexander III of Russia, Autonomous Governorate of Estonia, Baltic Germans, Baltic governorates, Bible, Bolsheviks, Carl Robert Jakobson, Estonia, Estonians, Estophilia, February Revolution, Fennoman movement, Finns, Freedom of assembly, Freedom of the press, Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald, Friedrich Robert Faehlmann, Garlieb Merkel, German Empire, Governorate of Estonia, Governorate of Livonia, Grand Duchy of Finland, Hoover Institution, Jakob Hurt, Johann Köler, Johann Voldemar Jannsen, Kalevipoeg, Kristjan Jaak Peterson, Literacy, Lithuanian National Revival, Marju Lauristin, Nation, Nations and Nationalism (journal), October Revolution, Paul Ariste, Postimees, Russian Empire, Russian Empire Census, Russification, Self-determination, Slavic Review, Suffrage, The First Latvian National Awakening, The Slavonic and East European Review, University of Tartu Press, Young Latvians, Zemstvo, 1905 Russian Revolution.

Alexander III of Russia

Alexander III (r; 1845 1894) was the Emperor of Russia, King of Poland, and Grand Duke of Finland from until his death on.

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Autonomous Governorate of Estonia

The local autonomy in Estonia (Эстляндия) was established as a result of the Russian Revolution of 1917.

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Baltic Germans

The Baltic Germans (Deutsch-Balten or Deutschbalten, later Baltendeutsche) are ethnic German inhabitants of the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea, in what today are Estonia and Latvia.

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Baltic governorates

The Baltic governorates (Прибалтийские губернии), originally the Ostsee governorates (Ostseegouvernements, Остзейские губернии), was a collective name for the administrative units of the Russian Empire set up in the territories of Swedish Estonia, Swedish Livonia (1721) and, afterwards, of Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (1795).

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Bible

The Bible (from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία, tà biblía, "the books") is a collection of sacred texts or scriptures that Jews and Christians consider to be a product of divine inspiration and a record of the relationship between God and humans.

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Bolsheviks

The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists or Bolsheviki (p; derived from bol'shinstvo (большинство), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority"), were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903.

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Carl Robert Jakobson

Carl Robert Jakobson (–) was an Estonian writer, politician and teacher active in Governorate of Livonia, Russian Empire.

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Estonia

Estonia (Eesti), officially the Republic of Estonia (Eesti Vabariik), is a sovereign state in Northern Europe.

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Estonians

Estonians (eestlased) are a Finnic ethnic group native to Estonia who speak the Estonian language.

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Estophilia

Estophilia (from Greek: φίλος, filos - "dear, loving") refers to the ideas and activities of people not of Estonian descent who are sympathetic to or interested in Estonian language, Estonian literature or Estonian culture, the history of Estonia and Estonia in general.

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February Revolution

The February Revolution (p), known in Soviet historiography as the February Bourgeois Democratic Revolution, was the first of two revolutions which took place in Russia in 1917.

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Fennoman movement

The Fennomans, members of the most important political movement (Fennomania) in the 19th-century Grand Duchy of Finland, built on the work of the fennophile interests of the 18th and early-19th centuries.

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Finns

Finns or Finnish people (suomalaiset) are a Finnic ethnic group native to Finland.

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Freedom of assembly

Freedom of assembly, sometimes used interchangeably with the freedom of association, is the individual right or ability of people to come together and collectively express, promote, pursue, and defend their collective or shared ideas.

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Freedom of the press

Freedom of the press or freedom of the media is the principle that communication and expression through various media, including printed and electronic media, especially published materials, should be considered a right to be exercised freely.

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Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald

Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald (–) was an Estonian writer who is considered to be the father of the national literature for the country.

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Friedrich Robert Faehlmann

Friedrich Robert Faehlmann (Fählmann) (31 December 1798 in Ao Manor – 22 April 1850 in Tartu) was an Estonian writer, medical doctor and philologist active in Livonia, Russian Empire.

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Garlieb Merkel

Garlieb Helwig Merkel (in Lēdurga, Volmar County – in Riga) was a Baltic German writer and activist and an early Estophile and Lettophile.

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German Empire

The German Empire (Deutsches Kaiserreich, officially Deutsches Reich),Herbert Tuttle wrote in September 1881 that the term "Reich" does not literally connote an empire as has been commonly assumed by English-speaking people.

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Governorate of Estonia

The Governorate of Est(h)onia (Eestimaa kubermang) or Duchy of Estonia, also known as the Government of Estonia, was a governorate of the Russian Empire in what is now northern Estonia.

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Governorate of Livonia

The Governorate of Livonia (Лифляндская губерния, Liflyandskaya guberniya; Gouvernement Livland, Livländisches Gouvernement; Vidzemes guberņa, after the Latvian inhabited Vidzeme region) was one of the Baltic governorates of the Russian Empire, now divided between the Republic of Latvia and the Republic of Estonia.

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Grand Duchy of Finland

The Grand Duchy of Finland (Suomen suuriruhtinaskunta, Storfurstendömet Finland, Великое княжество Финляндское,; literally Grand Principality of Finland) was the predecessor state of modern Finland.

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Hoover Institution

The Hoover Institution is an American public policy think tank and research institution located at Stanford University in California.

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Jakob Hurt

Jakob Hurt (in Himmaste – in St Petersburg) was a notable Estonian folklorist, theologian, and linguist.

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Johann Köler

Johann Köler (8 March 1826 – 22 April 1899) was a leader of the Estonian national awakening and a painter.

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Johann Voldemar Jannsen

Johann Voldemar Jannsen (in Vändra, Livonia, Russian Empire – in Tartu) was an Estonian journalist and poet active in Livonia.

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Kalevipoeg

Kalevipoeg (Kalev's Son) is an epic poem by Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald held to be the Estonian national epic.

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Kristjan Jaak Peterson

Kristian Jaak Peterson (Riga –, Riga) also known as Christian Jacob Petersohn, was an Estonian poet, commonly regarded as a herald of Estonian national literature and the founder of modern Estonian poetry.

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Literacy

Literacy is traditionally meant as the ability to read and write.

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Lithuanian National Revival

Lithuanian National Revival, alternatively Lithuanian National Awakening (Lietuvių tautinis atgimimas), was a period of the history of Lithuania in the 19th century at the time when a major part of Lithuanian-inhabited areas belonged to the Russian Empire (the Russian partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth).

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Marju Lauristin

Marju Lauristin (born 7 April 1940) is an Estonian politician, and former Member of Member of the European Parliament and Minister of Social Affairs.

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Nation

A nation is a stable community of people, formed on the basis of a common language, territory, economic life, ethnicity or psychological make-up manifested in a common culture.

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Nations and Nationalism (journal)

Nations and Nationalism is a peer-reviewed academic journal that covers research on nationalism and related issues.

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October Revolution

The October Revolution (p), officially known in Soviet literature as the Great October Socialist Revolution (Вели́кая Октя́брьская социалисти́ческая револю́ция), and commonly referred to as Red October, the October Uprising, the Bolshevik Revolution, or the Bolshevik Coup, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolsheviks and Vladimir Lenin that was instrumental in the larger Russian Revolution of 1917.

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Paul Ariste

Paul Ariste (3 February 1905 – 2 February 1990) was an Estonian linguist renowned for his studies of the Finno-Ugric languages (especially Estonian and Votic), Yiddish and Baltic Romani language.

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Postimees

Postimees (The Postman) is an Estonian daily newspaper established on January 1, 1857, by Johann Voldemar Jannsen.

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Russian Empire

The Russian Empire (Российская Империя) or Russia was an empire that existed across Eurasia and North America from 1721, following the end of the Great Northern War, until the Republic was proclaimed by the Provisional Government that took power after the February Revolution of 1917.

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Russian Empire Census

The Russian Imperial Census of 1897 was first and only census carried out in the Russian Empire (Finland was excluded).

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Russification

Russification (Русификация), or Russianization, is a form of cultural assimilation process during which non-Russian communities, voluntarily or not, give up their culture and language in favor of the Russian one.

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Self-determination

The right of people to self-determination is a cardinal principle in modern international law (commonly regarded as a jus cogens rule), binding, as such, on the United Nations as authoritative interpretation of the Charter's norms.

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Slavic Review

The Slavic Review is a major peer-reviewed academic journal publishing scholarly studies, book and film reviews, and review essays in all disciplines concerned with Russia, Central Eurasia, and Eastern and Central Europe.

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Suffrage

Suffrage, political franchise, or simply franchise is the right to vote in public, political elections (although the term is sometimes used for any right to vote).

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The First Latvian National Awakening

The First Latvian National Awakening or the First Awakening (Pirmā Atmoda) was a cultural and national revival movement between 1850 and 1880 among a group of well-educated Latvians, Jaunlatvieši (Young Latvians), who, opposed to the Baltic German dominance in Livonia and Courland Governorates, created the basis for the modern Latvian nation state.

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The Slavonic and East European Review

The Slavonic and East European Review, the journal of the School of Slavonic and East European Studies (SSEES) at University College London, is an international peer-reviewed multidisciplinary academic journal in the fields of social sciences and humanities founded in 1922 by Bernard Pares, Robert William Seton-Watson and Harold Williams (SSEES) and dedicated to Slavonic and East European Studies published quarterly (January, April, July and October) by Maney Publishing for the Modern Humanities Research Association on behalf of SSEES.

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University of Tartu Press

University of Tartu Press (Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus) is a university press and publishing house owned by the University of Tartu, Estonia.

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Young Latvians

New Latvians (jaunlatvieši) is the term most often applied to the intellectuals of the First Latvian National Awakening (Tautas atmoda), active from the 1850s to the 1880s.

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Zemstvo

A zemstvo (p, plural zemstva – земства) was an institution of local government set up during the great emancipation reform of 1861 carried out in Imperial Russia by Emperor Alexander II of Russia.

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1905 Russian Revolution

The Russian Revolution of 1905 was a wave of mass political and social unrest that spread through vast areas of the Russian Empire, some of which was directed at the government.

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Redirects here:

Estonian Age of Awakening, Estonian National Awakening, National Awakening in Estonia.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonian_national_awakening

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