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220 relations: Aleksandr Nekrasov, Allies of World War II, Amandus Adamson, Andrei Zhdanov, Annexation, Anthem of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, Armoured fighting vehicle, August Sabbe, Ämari Air Base, Baltic Fleet, Baltic Germans, Baltic Military District, Baltic Offensive, Baltic states, Battle of France, Battle of Narva (1944), Budget, Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Cold War, Collective farming, Collectivization in the Soviet Union, Colonization, Commander-in-chief, Commune of the Working People of Estonia, Communism, Communist Party of Estonia, Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Constitution of Estonia, Council of People's Commissars, Coup d'état, De facto, De jure, Defence Forces Cemetery of Tallinn, Demographics of Estonia, Dysentery, Eastern Bloc, Ecology, Eesti Päevaleht, Estonia, Estonia–Russia relations, Estonian Defence Forces, Estonian Defence League, Estonian government-in-exile, Estonian Greens, Estonian Land Forces, Estonian language, Estonian National Independence Party, Estonian Sovereignty Declaration, Estonian War of Independence, Europe-Asia Studies, ..., European Court of Human Rights, European Union, Finland, Five-year plans for the national economy of the Soviet Union, Flag of Estonia, Flag of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, Forest Brothers, Geographical distribution of Russian speakers, GeoJournal, German occupation of Estonia during World War II, Glasnost, Government of Estonia, Government of Russia, Government of the Soviet Union, Governorate of Estonia, Great Soviet Encyclopedia, Gross domestic product, Gulag, Haapsalu Airfield, Heinrich Mark, Helsinki, History of Estonia, History of the Soviet Union (1927–1953), Ida-Viru County, Imperial Russian Army, Industrialisation, Injury, Internal colonialism, International law, International trade, Intourist, Ivangorod, Johan Laidoner, Johannes Vares, Joseph Stalin, Journal of Baltic Studies, JSTOR, Kalamaja cemetery, Kaleva (airplane), Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic, Karl Säre, Keila, Kellogg–Briand Pact, Klooga, Kohtla-Järve, Kolkhoz, Konstantin Päts, Kopli cemetery, Kulak, Land Economics, Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic, Leningrad Oblast, Lennart Meri, Linnahall, List of Chairmen of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, List of Chairmen of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic, Lumber, Malnutrition, Mõigu cemetery, Mikhail Gorbachev, Military occupations by the Soviet Union, Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, Moscow, MS Georg Ots, Museum of Occupations, Narva, Narva River, Nationalization, Nations and Nationalism (journal), Nazi Germany, Negotiation, Nikolai Gusev, NKVD, Occupation of the Baltic states, Occupational disease, Official language, Oil shale, Olaf Mertelsmann, Operation Barbarossa, Operation Priboi, Paldiski, Paris, Pavel Mironov, Pärnu, Pärnu Airport, Penza, Per capita, Perestroika, Pikk Hermann, Politics of the Soviet Union, Popular Front of Estonia, Population study, President of Estonia, Professor, Pskov Oblast, Psychiatric hospital, Raadi Airfield, Rahva Hääl, Red Army, Red flag (politics), Reichskommissariat Ostland, Rein Taagepera, Republics of the Soviet Union, Riga, Riigikogu, Russian Empire, Russian language, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russians in Estonia, Rutja Airfield, Sailing at the 1980 Summer Olympics, Saint Petersburg, Scorched earth, Siberia, Singing Revolution, Socialist state, Sokos Hotel Viru, Soviet Air Defence Forces, Soviet Armed Forces, Soviet Army, Soviet Census (1989), Soviet deportations from Estonia, Soviet Navy, Soviet republic (system of government), Soviet Union, Sovietization, Standard of living, State continuity of the Baltic states, State Council of the Soviet Union, Stimson Doctrine, Strategic Missile Troops, Sumner Welles, Supreme Soviet, Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, Surrender (military), Sweden, Tallinn, Tallinn Airport, Tallinn TV Tower, Tapa Airfield, Tartu, Tartu Offensive, The Professional Geographer, The Wall Street Journal, Time (magazine), Treaty of Tartu (Russian–Estonian), Tuberculosis, Tver, Ufa, United Kingdom, United States, United States dollar, University of Tartu, University of Wisconsin Press, Uranium ore, Urho Kekkonen, Vaino Väljas, Vaivara Parish, Võru County, War, Wehrmacht, White movement, World War II, Yalta Conference, Yestonians, 1980 Summer Olympics, 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, 32nd Rifle Division (Soviet Union). Expand index (170 more) »
Aleksandr Nekrasov
Aleksandr Ivanovich Nekrasov (Алекса́ндр Ива́нович Некра́сов; – 21 May 1957) was a Russian mathematician known for his mathematical contributions to hydromechanics and aeromechanics.
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Allies of World War II
The Allies of World War II, called the United Nations from the 1 January 1942 declaration, were the countries that together opposed the Axis powers during the Second World War (1939–1945).
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Amandus Adamson
Amandus Heinrich Adamson (12 November 1855 in Uuga-Rätsepa, near Paldiski – 26 June 1929 in Paldiski) was an Estonian sculptor and painter.
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Andrei Zhdanov
Andrei Alexandrovich Zhdanov (p; – 31 August 1948) was a Soviet Communist Party leader and cultural ideologist.
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Annexation
Annexation (Latin ad, to, and nexus, joining) is the administrative action and concept in international law relating to the forcible transition of one state's territory by another state.
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Anthem of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
The "State Anthem of the Estonian SSR" was the anthem of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic under the Soviet Union from 1945 to 1990.
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Armoured fighting vehicle
An armoured fighting vehicle (AFV) is an armed combat vehicle protected by armour, generally combining operational mobility with offensive and defensive capabilities.
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August Sabbe
August Sabbe (1 September 1909 – 27 or 28 September 1978) was one of the last surviving Estonian members of the Forest Brothers, a group of citizens of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania who resisted and fought against the Soviet occupation of their three nations.
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Ämari Air Base
Ämari Air Base is a military airbase in Harjumaa, Estonia located south of Lake Klooga and southwest of Tallinn.
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Baltic Fleet
The Baltic Fleet (Балтийский флот) is the fleet of the Russian Navy in the Baltic Sea.
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Baltic Germans
The Baltic Germans (Deutsch-Balten or Deutschbalten, later Baltendeutsche) are ethnic German inhabitants of the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea, in what today are Estonia and Latvia.
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Baltic Military District
The Baltic Military District was a military district of the Soviet armed forces in the occupied Baltic states, formed briefly before the German invasion during the World War II.
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Baltic Offensive
The Baltic Offensive, also known as the Baltic Strategic Offensive, denotes the campaign between the northern Fronts of the Red Army and the German Army Group North in the Baltic States during the autumn of 1944.
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Baltic states
The Baltic states, also known as the Baltic countries, Baltic republics, Baltic nations or simply the Baltics (Balti riigid, Baltimaad, Baltijas valstis, Baltijos valstybės), is a geopolitical term used for grouping the three sovereign countries in Northern Europe on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.
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Battle of France
The Battle of France, also known as the Fall of France, was the German invasion of France and the Low Countries during the Second World War.
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Battle of Narva (1944)
The Battle of Narva was a military campaign between the German Army Detachment "Narwa" and the Soviet Leningrad Front fought for possession of the strategically important Narva Isthmus on 2 February – 10 August 1944 during World War II.
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Budget
A budget is a financial plan for a defined period of time, usually a year.It may also include planned sales volumes and revenues, resource quantities, costs and expenses, assets, liabilities and cash flows.
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Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was de jure the highest body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) between Party Congresses.
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Cold War
The Cold War was a state of geopolitical tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its satellite states) and powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others).
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Collective farming
Collective farming and communal farming are various types of "agricultural production in which multiple farmers run their holdings as a joint enterprise." That type of collective is often an agricultural cooperative in which member-owners jointly engage in farming activities.
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Collectivization in the Soviet Union
The Soviet Union enforced the collectivization (Коллективизация) of its agricultural sector between 1928 and 1940 (in West - between 1948 and 1952) during the ascendancy of Joseph Stalin.
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Colonization
Colonization (or colonisation) is a process by which a central system of power dominates the surrounding land and its components.
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Commander-in-chief
A commander-in-chief, also sometimes called supreme commander, or chief commander, is the person or body that exercises supreme operational command and control of a nation's military forces.
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Commune of the Working People of Estonia
The Commune of the Working People of Estonia (Eesti Töörahva Kommuun, initially Eesti Töörahwa Kommuuna; Эстляндская трудовая коммуна, ЭТК or ETK) was an unrecognised government claiming the Bolshevik-occupied parts of Republic of Estonia as its territories during the Estonian War of Independence and the Russian Civil War.
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Communism
In political and social sciences, communism (from Latin communis, "common, universal") is the philosophical, social, political, and economic ideology and movement whose ultimate goal is the establishment of the communist society, which is a socioeconomic order structured upon the common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social classes, money and the state.
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Communist Party of Estonia
Communist Party of Estonia (Eestimaa Kommunistlik Partei, EKP; Коммунистическая партия Эстонии) was a political party in Estonia.
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Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the founding and ruling political party of the Soviet Union.
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Constitution of Estonia
The Constitution of Estonia is the fundamental law of the Republic of Estonia and establishes the state order as that of a democratic republic where the supreme power is vested in its citizens.
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Council of People's Commissars
The Council of People's Commissars (Совет народных комиссаров or Совнарком, translit. Soviet narodnykh kommissarov or Sovnarkom, also as generic SNK) was a government institution formed shortly after the October Revolution in 1917.
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Coup d'état
A coup d'état, also known simply as a coup, a putsch, golpe de estado, or an overthrow, is a type of revolution, where the illegal and overt seizure of a state by the military or other elites within the state apparatus occurs.
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De facto
In law and government, de facto (or;, "in fact") describes practices that exist in reality, even if not legally recognised by official laws.
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De jure
In law and government, de jure (lit) describes practices that are legally recognised, whether or not the practices exist in reality.
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Defence Forces Cemetery of Tallinn
The Defence Forces Cemetery of Tallinn (Tallinna Kaitseväe kalmistu), sometimes called the Tallinn Military Cemetery (Tallinna Sojavae kalmistu), is one of the three cemeteries of the Tallinn City Centre Cemetery (Estonian: Siselinna kalmistu).
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Demographics of Estonia
The demographics of Estonia in the twenty-first century result from historical trends over more than a thousand years, as with most European countries, but have been disproportionately influenced by events in the last half of the twentieth century.
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Dysentery
Dysentery is an inflammatory disease of the intestine, especially of the colon, which always results in severe diarrhea and abdominal pains.
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Eastern Bloc
The Eastern Bloc was the group of socialist states of Central and Eastern Europe, generally the Soviet Union and the countries of the Warsaw Pact.
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Ecology
Ecology (from οἶκος, "house", or "environment"; -λογία, "study of") is the branch of biology which studies the interactions among organisms and their environment.
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Eesti Päevaleht
Eesti Päevaleht ("Estonia Daily") is a major daily Estonian newspaper, from the same publishers as the weekly Eesti Ekspress.
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Estonia
Estonia (Eesti), officially the Republic of Estonia (Eesti Vabariik), is a sovereign state in Northern Europe.
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Estonia–Russia relations
Estonia–Russia relations (Российско-эстонские отношения, Eesti-Vene suhted) refers to bilateral foreign relations between Estonia and Russia.
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Estonian Defence Forces
The Estonian Defence Forces (Eesti Kaitsevägi) is the name of the unified armed forces of the Republic of Estonia.
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Estonian Defence League
The Estonian Defence League (Eesti Kaitseliit) is the name of the unified paramilitary armed forces of the Republic of Estonia.
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Estonian government-in-exile
The Estonian government-in-exile refers to the formally declared governmental authority of the Republic of Estonia in exile, existing from 1944 until the reestablishment of Estonian sovereignty over Estonian territory in 1991–92.
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Estonian Greens
Estonian Greens (Erakond Eestimaa Rohelised) is an Estonian green political party.
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Estonian Land Forces
The Estonian Land Forces (Maavägi), unofficially referred to as the Estonian Army, is the name of the unified ground forces among the Estonian Defence Forces where it has an offensive military formation role.
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Estonian language
Estonian (eesti keel) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people: 922,000 people in Estonia and 160,000 outside Estonia.
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Estonian National Independence Party
The Estonian National Independence Party (Estonian: Eesti Rahvusliku Sõltumatuse Partei), commonly abbreviated ERSP, was a nationalist political party founded on 20 August 1988 in what was then the Estonian SSR.
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Estonian Sovereignty Declaration
The Estonian Sovereignty Declaration (suveräänsusdeklaratsioon), fully: Declaration on the Sovereignty of the Estonian SSR (Deklaratsioon Eesti NSV suveräänsusest), was issued on November 16, 1988 during the Singing Revolution in Estonia.
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Estonian War of Independence
The Estonian War of Independence (Vabadussõda, literally "Freedom War"), also known as the Estonian Liberation War, was a defensive campaign of the Estonian Army and its allies, most notably the White Russian Northwestern Army, Latvia, and the United Kingdom, against the Soviet Western Front offensive and the aggression of the Baltische Landeswehr.
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Europe-Asia Studies
Europe-Asia Studies is an academic peer-reviewed journal published 10 times a year by Routledge on behalf of the Institute of Central and East European Studies, University of Glasgow, and continuing (since vol. 45, 1993) the journal Soviet Studies (vols. 1-44, 1949–1992), which was renamed after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
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European Court of Human Rights
The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR or ECtHR; Cour européenne des droits de l’homme) is a supranational or international court established by the European Convention on Human Rights.
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European Union
The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of EUnum member states that are located primarily in Europe.
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Finland
Finland (Suomi; Finland), officially the Republic of Finland is a country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Norway to the north, Sweden to the northwest, and Russia to the east.
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Five-year plans for the national economy of the Soviet Union
The five-year plans for the development of the national economy of the Soviet Union (USSR) (Пятиле́тние пла́ны разви́тия наро́дного хозя́йства СССР, Pjatiletnije plany razvitiya narodnogo khozyaystva SSSR) consisted of a series of nationwide centralized economic plans in the Soviet Union, beginning in the late 1920s.
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Flag of Estonia
The national flag of Estonia (Eesti lipp) is a tricolour featuring three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), black, and white.
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Flag of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
The flag of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic flag shows a yellow hammer and sickle and outlined star on a red field above a band of water waves near the bottom, and was adopted by the Estonian SSR on February 6, 1953.
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Forest Brothers
The Forest Brothers (also Brothers of the Forest, Forest Brethren, or Forest Brotherhood; metsavennad, meža brāļi, miško broliai) were Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian partisans who waged a guerrilla war against Soviet rule during the Soviet invasion and occupation of the three Baltic states during, and after, World War II.
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Geographical distribution of Russian speakers
This article details the geographical distribution of Russian speakers.
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GeoJournal
GeoJournal is a peer-reviewed international academic journal on all aspects of geography founded in 1977.
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German occupation of Estonia during World War II
After Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941, Army Group North reached Estonia in July.
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Glasnost
In the Russian language the word glasnost (гла́сность) has several general and specific meanings.
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Government of Estonia
The Government of the Republic of Estonia (Estonian: Vabariigi Valitsus) is the cabinet of Estonia.
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Government of Russia
The Government of Russia exercises executive power in the Russian Federation.
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Government of the Soviet Union
The Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russian: Правительство СССР, Pravitel'stvo SSSR) was the main body of the executive branch of government in the Soviet Union.
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Governorate of Estonia
The Governorate of Est(h)onia (Eestimaa kubermang) or Duchy of Estonia, also known as the Government of Estonia, was a governorate of the Russian Empire in what is now northern Estonia.
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Great Soviet Encyclopedia
The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (GSE; Большая советская энциклопедия, БСЭ, Bolshaya sovetskaya entsiklopediya) is one of the largest Russian-language encyclopedias, published by the Soviet state from 1926 to 1990, and again since 2002 by Russia (under the name Bolshaya Rossiyskaya entsiklopediya or Great Russian Encyclopedia).
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Gross domestic product
Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all final goods and services produced in a period (quarterly or yearly) of time.
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Gulag
The Gulag (ГУЛАГ, acronym of Главное управление лагерей и мест заключения, "Main Camps' Administration" or "Chief Administration of Camps") was the government agency in charge of the Soviet forced labor camp system that was created under Vladimir Lenin and reached its peak during Joseph Stalin's rule from the 1930s to the 1950s.
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Haapsalu Airfield
Haapsalu Airfield or Kiltsi Airfield; (Haapsalu lennuväli) is a disused airfield in Estonia, located southwest of Haapsalu.
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Heinrich Mark
Heinrich Mark (1 October 1911 – 2 August 2004) was an Estonian politician and Prime Minister of the Estonian Government in Exile.
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Helsinki
Helsinki (or;; Helsingfors) is the capital city and most populous municipality of Finland.
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History of Estonia
The history of Estonia forms a part of the history of Europe.
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History of the Soviet Union (1927–1953)
The history of the Soviet Union between 1927 and 1953 covers the period in Soviet history from establishment of Stalinism through victory in the Second World War and down to the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953.
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Ida-Viru County
Ida-Viru County (Ida-Viru maakond), or Ida-Virumaa, is one of 15 counties of Estonia.
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Imperial Russian Army
The Imperial Russian Army (Ру́сская импера́торская а́рмия) was the land armed force of the Russian Empire, active from around 1721 to the Russian Revolution of 1917.
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Industrialisation
Industrialisation or industrialization is the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society, involving the extensive re-organisation of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.
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Injury
Injury, also known as physical trauma, is damage to the body caused by external force.
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Internal colonialism
Internal colonialism is a notion of structural political and economic inequalities between regions within a nation state.
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International law
International law is the set of rules generally regarded and accepted as binding in relations between states and between nations.
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International trade
International trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories.
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Intourist
Intourist (Интурист, contraction of иностранный турист, "foreign tourist") is a Russian (and formerly Soviet) travel agency.
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Ivangorod
Ivangorod (p; Jaanilinn; Jaanilidna) is a town in Kingiseppsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Narva River by the Estonia–Russia border, west of St. Petersburg.
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Johan Laidoner
Johan Laidoner (12 February 1884 – 13 March 1953) was an Estonian general and statesman.
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Johannes Vares
Johannes Vares (– 29 November 1946), commonly known as Johannes Vares Barbarus, was an Estonian poet, medical doctor, and politician.
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Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (18 December 1878 – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet revolutionary and politician of Georgian nationality.
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Journal of Baltic Studies
The Journal of Baltic Studies, the official journal of the Association for the Advancement of Baltic Studies (AABS), is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary academic journal founded in 1970 and published quarterly by Routledge, dedicated to the political, social, economic, and cultural life of the Baltic region and its history.
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JSTOR
JSTOR (short for Journal Storage) is a digital library founded in 1995.
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Kalamaja cemetery
The Kalamaja cemetery (Kalamaja kalmistu, Fischermay Kirchhof or Fischermay Friedhof), in Tallinn in Estonia was once the city's oldest existing cemetery, located in the suburb of Kalamaja in the north of the city.
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Kaleva (airplane)
Kaleva was a civilian Junkers Ju 52 passenger and transport plane, belonging to the Finnish carrier Aero O/Y.
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Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
The Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (r; Karjalan autonominen sosialistinen neuvostotasavalta), or, in short, the Karelian ASSR (r; Karjalan ASNT), sometimes referred to as Soviet Karelia or simply Karelia was an autonomous republic of the Russian SFSR, Soviet Union, with the capital in Petrozavodsk.
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Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic
The Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic (Karelo-Finnish SSR; Karjalais-suomalainen sosialistinen neuvostotasavalta; r), also called Soviet Karelia or simply known as Karelia, was a republic of the Soviet Union.
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Karl Säre
Karl Säre (July 2, 1903, Tartu – March 14, 1945) was an Estonian communist politician.
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Keila
Keila (Kegel) is a town and an urban municipality in Harju County in north-western Estonia.
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Kellogg–Briand Pact
The Kellogg–Briand Pact (or Pact of Paris, officially General Treaty for Renunciation of War as an Instrument of National Policy) is a 1928 international agreement in which signatory states promised not to use war to resolve "disputes or conflicts of whatever nature or of whatever origin they may be, which may arise among them".
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Klooga
Klooga is a small borough in Lääne-Harju Parish in Harju County in northern Estonia.
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Kohtla-Järve
Kohtla-Järve (Кохтла-Ярве) is a city and municipality in north-eastern Estonia, founded in 1924 and incorporated as a town in 1946.
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Kolkhoz
A kolkhoz (p) was a form of collective farm in the Soviet Union.
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Konstantin Päts
Konstantin Päts (– 18 January 1956) was the most influential politician of interwar Estonia, and served five times as the country's head of state.
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Kopli cemetery
The Kopli cemetery (Friedhof von Ziegelskoppel or Kirchhof von Ziegelskoppel; Kopli kalmistu) was Estonia's largest Lutheran Baltic German cemetery, located in the suburb of Kopli in Tallinn.
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Kulak
The kulaks (a, plural кулаки́, p, "fist", by extension "tight-fisted"; kurkuli in Ukraine, but also used in Russian texts in Ukrainian contexts) were a category of affluent peasants in the later Russian Empire, Soviet Russia and the early Soviet Union.
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Land Economics
Land Economics is a peer-reviewed academic journal dedicated to the study of land use, natural resources, public utilities, housing, and urban land issues.
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Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic
The Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic (Latvian SSR; Latvijas Padomju Sociālistiskā Republika; Латвийская Советская Социалистическая Республика, Latviyskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika), also known as Soviet Latvia or Latvia, was a republic of the Soviet Union.
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Leningrad Oblast
Leningrad Oblast (lʲɪnʲɪnˈgratskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast).
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Lennart Meri
Lennart Georg Meri (29 March 1929 – 14 March 2006) was an Estonian statesman, writer, and film director.
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Linnahall
Linnahall (Tallinna Linnahall, 'Tallinn City Hall') (originally the V. I. Lenin Palace of Culture and Sport) is a multi-purpose venue in Tallinn, Estonia.
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List of Chairmen of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
The Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic was the highest official in the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, which was in turn a part of the Soviet Union.
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List of Chairmen of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
The Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic was the presiding officer of that assembly.
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Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic
The Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (Lithuanian SSR; Lietuvos Tarybų Socialistinė Respublika; Литовская Советская Социалистическая Республика, Litovskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika), one of the USSR republics that existed in 1940–1941 and 1944–1990, was formed on the basis of the Soviet occupation rule.
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Lumber
Lumber (American English; used only in North America) or timber (used in the rest of the English speaking world) is a type of wood that has been processed into beams and planks, a stage in the process of wood production.
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Malnutrition
Malnutrition is a condition that results from eating a diet in which one or more nutrients are either not enough or are too much such that the diet causes health problems.
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Mõigu cemetery
The Mõigu cemetery (Friedhof von Moik or Kirchhof von Moik), Mõigu kalmistu) was a large Baltic German cemetery, located in the Tallinn suburb of Mõigu in Estonia. It served as the primary burial ground for the usually wealthy and noble citizens of the Toompea parish of Tallinn. Containing numerous graves, it stood for over 170 years from 1774 to shortly after World War II when it was completely flattened and destroyed by the Soviet occupation authorities governing the country at that time.Rein Taagepera, Estonia: Return to Independence, Westview Press 1993,, page 189 Its origins and destruction are very similar to that of the Kopli cemetery (also in Tallinn).
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Mikhail Gorbachev
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev, GCL (born 2 March 1931) is a Russian and former Soviet politician.
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Military occupations by the Soviet Union
During World War II, the Soviet Union occupied and annexed several countries effectively handed over by Nazi Germany in the secret protocol Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of 1939.
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Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, also known as the Nazi–Soviet Pact,Charles Peters (2005), Five Days in Philadelphia: The Amazing "We Want Willkie!" Convention of 1940 and How It Freed FDR to Save the Western World, New York: PublicAffairs, Ch.
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Moscow
Moscow (a) is the capital and most populous city of Russia, with 13.2 million residents within the city limits and 17.1 million within the urban area.
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MS Georg Ots
MS Georg Ots was a cargo/passenger ferry that sailed between Helsinki, Finland and Tallinn, Estonia from 1980 to 2000.
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Museum of Occupations
The Museum of Occupations (Okupatsioonide muuseum) in Tallinn, Estonia, is located at the corner of Toompea St.
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Narva
Narva (Нарва) is the third largest city in Estonia.
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Narva River
The Narva (Narva jõgi, Нарва) (or Narova) is a river flowing into the Baltic Sea, the largest river in Estonia by discharge.
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Nationalization
Nationalization (or nationalisation) is the process of transforming private assets into public assets by bringing them under the public ownership of a national government or state.
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Nations and Nationalism (journal)
Nations and Nationalism is a peer-reviewed academic journal that covers research on nationalism and related issues.
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Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945, when Germany was under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler through the Nazi Party (NSDAP).
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Negotiation
Negotiation comes from the Latin neg (no) and otsia (leisure) referring to businessmen who, unlike the patricians, had no leisure time in their industriousness; it held the meaning of business (le négoce in French) until the 17th century when it took on the diplomatic connotation as a dialogue between two or more people or parties intended to reach a beneficial outcome over one or more issues where a conflict exists with respect to at least one of these issues.
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Nikolai Gusev
Nikolay Ivanovich Gusev (Никола́й Ива́нович Гу́сев; – ca. 6 May 1962) was a Soviet Red Army officer.
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NKVD
The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (Народный комиссариат внутренних дел, Narodnyy Komissariat Vnutrennikh Del), abbreviated NKVD (НКВД), was the interior ministry of the Soviet Union.
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Occupation of the Baltic states
The occupation of the Baltic states involved the military occupation of the three Baltic states—Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania—by the Soviet Union under the auspices of the 1939 Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact in June 1940 followed by their incorporation into the USSR as constituent republics in August 1940 - most Western powers never recognised this incorporation.
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Occupational disease
An occupational disease is any chronic ailment that occurs as a result of work or occupational activity.
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Official language
An official language is a language that is given a special legal status in a particular country, state, or other jurisdiction.
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Oil shale
Oil shale is an organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rock containing kerogen (a solid mixture of organic chemical compounds) from which liquid hydrocarbons, called shale oil (not to be confused with tight oil—crude oil occurring naturally in shales), can be produced.
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Olaf Mertelsmann
Olaf Mertelsmann (born 15 January 1969) is a German historian and a professor at the University of Tartu.
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Operation Barbarossa
Operation Barbarossa (German: Unternehmen Barbarossa) was the code name for the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union, which started on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during World War II.
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Operation Priboi
Operation Priboi ("Coastal Surf") was the code name for the Soviet mass deportation from the Baltic states on 25–28 March 1949.
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Paldiski
Paldiski is a town and Baltic Sea port situated on the Pakri peninsula of north-western Estonia.
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Paris
Paris is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of and a population of 2,206,488.
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Pavel Mironov
Pavel Vasilyevich Mironov (Russian: Павел Васильевич Миронов; 21 September 1900 – 29 October 1969) was a Red Army lieutenant general and Hero of the Soviet Union.
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Pärnu
Pärnu (Pernau) is the fourth-largest city in Estonia.
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Pärnu Airport
Pärnu Airport (Pärnu lennujaam) is an airport in Estonia.
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Penza
Penza (p) is a city and the administrative center of Penza Oblast, Russia, located on the Sura River, southeast of Moscow.
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Per capita
Per capita is a Latin prepositional phrase: per (preposition, taking the accusative case, meaning "by means of") and capita (accusative plural of the noun caput, "head").
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Perestroika
Perestroika (a) was a political movement for reformation within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union during the 1980s until 1991 and is widely associated with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev and his glasnost (meaning "openness") policy reform.
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Pikk Hermann
Pikk Hermann or Tall Hermann (Langer Hermann) is a tower of the Toompea Castle, on Toompea hill in Tallinn, the capital of Estonia.
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Politics of the Soviet Union
The political system of the Soviet Union took place in a single-party socialist republic framework which was characterized by the superior role of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), the only party permitted by the Constitution.
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Popular Front of Estonia
The Popular Front of Estonia (Rahvarinne), introduced to the public by the Estonian politician Edgar Savisaar under the short-lived name Popular Front for the Support of Perestroika, was a political organisation in Estonia in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
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Population study
In the various fields of healthcare, a population study is a study of a group of individuals taken from the general population who share a common characteristic, such as age, sex, or health condition.
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President of Estonia
The President of the Republic of Estonia (Eesti Vabariigi President) is the head of state of the Republic of Estonia.
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Professor
Professor (commonly abbreviated as Prof.) is an academic rank at universities and other post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries.
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Pskov Oblast
Pskov Oblast (Пско́вская о́бласть) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in the west of the country.
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Psychiatric hospital
Psychiatric hospitals, also known as mental hospitals, mental health units, mental asylums or simply asylums, are hospitals or wards specializing in the treatment of serious mental disorders, such as clinical depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder.
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Raadi Airfield
Raadi Airfield (Tartu Air Base) is a former air base in Estonia located northeast of Tartu.
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Rahva Hääl
Rahva Hääl (lit. The People's Voice) was the official newspaper of the Communist Party of Estonia during Soviet occupation of Estonia.
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Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Рабоче-крестьянская Красная армия (РККА), Raboche-krest'yanskaya Krasnaya armiya (RKKA), frequently shortened in Russian to Красная aрмия (КА), Krasnaya armiya (KA), in English: Red Army, also in critical literature and folklore of that epoch – Red Horde, Army of Work) was the army and the air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, and, after 1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
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Red flag (politics)
In politics, a red flag is predominantly a symbol of socialism, communism, Marxism, and left-wing politics; it has been associated with left-wing politics since the French Revolution (1789–99).
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Reichskommissariat Ostland
Nazi Germany established the Reichskommissariat Ostland (RKO) in 1941 as the civilian occupation regime in the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania), the northeastern part of Poland and the west part of the Belarusian SSR during World War II.
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Rein Taagepera
Rein Taagepera (born 28 February 1933) is an Estonian political scientist and former politician.
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Republics of the Soviet Union
The Republics of the Soviet Union or the Union Republics (r) of the Soviet Union were ethnically based proto-states that were subordinated directly to the Government of the Soviet Union.
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Riga
Riga (Rīga) is the capital and largest city of Latvia.
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Riigikogu
The Riigikogu (from riigi-, of the state, and kogu, assembly) is the unicameral parliament of Estonia.
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Russian Empire
The Russian Empire (Российская Империя) or Russia was an empire that existed across Eurasia and North America from 1721, following the end of the Great Northern War, until the Republic was proclaimed by the Provisional Government that took power after the February Revolution of 1917.
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Russian language
Russian (rússkiy yazýk) is an East Slavic language, which is official in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, as well as being widely spoken throughout Eastern Europe, the Baltic states, the Caucasus and Central Asia.
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Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; Ru-Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика.ogg), also unofficially known as the Russian Federation, Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the laboring and exploited people, article I or Russia (rɐˈsʲijə; from the Ρωσία Rōsía — Rus'), was an independent state from 1917 to 1922, and afterwards the largest, most populous, and most economically developed union republic of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1991 and then a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with priority of Russian laws over Union-level legislation in 1990 and 1991.
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Russians in Estonia
The population of Russians in Estonia is estimated at 320,000, most of whom live in the urban areas of Harju and Ida-Viru counties.
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Rutja Airfield
Rutja Airfield (Rutja lennuväli) is a disused airfield in Estonia, located west of Kunda.
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Sailing at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Sailing/Yachting is an Olympic sport starting from the Games of the 1st Olympiad (1896 Olympics in Athens, Greece).
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Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg (p) is Russia's second-largest city after Moscow, with 5 million inhabitants in 2012, part of the Saint Petersburg agglomeration with a population of 6.2 million (2015).
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Scorched earth
A scorched-earth policy is a military strategy that aims to destroy anything that might be useful to the enemy while it is advancing through or withdrawing from a location.
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Siberia
Siberia (a) is an extensive geographical region, and by the broadest definition is also known as North Asia.
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Singing Revolution
The Singing Revolution is a commonly used name for events between 1987 and 1991 that led to the restoration of the independence of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
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Socialist state
A socialist state, socialist republic or socialist country (sometimes workers' state or workers' republic) is a sovereign state constitutionally dedicated to the establishment of socialism.
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Sokos Hotel Viru
The Original Sokos Hotel Viru Tallinn is a hotel in Tallinn, Estonia.
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Soviet Air Defence Forces
The Soviet Air Defence Forces (войска ПВО, voyska protivovozdushnoy oborony, voyska PVO, V-PVO, lit. Anti-Air Defence Troops; and formerly protivovozdushnaya oborona strany, PVO strany, lit. Anti-Air Defence of the Nation) was the air defence branch of the Soviet Armed Forces.
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Soviet Armed Forces
The Soviet Armed Forces, also called the Armed Forces of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and Armed Forces of the Soviet Union (Russian: Вооружённые Силы Союза Советских Социалистических Республик Vooruzhonnyye Sily Soyuza Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, Вооружённые Силы Советского Союза) refers to the armed forces of the Russian SFSR (1917–1922), the Soviet Union (1922–1991) and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1912–1991) from their beginnings in the aftermath of the Russian Civil War to its dissolution on 26 December 1991.
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Soviet Army
The Soviet Army (SA; Советская Армия, Sovetskaya Armiya) is the name given to the main land-based branch of the Soviet Armed Forces between February 1946 and December 1991, when it was replaced with the Russian Ground Forces, although it was not taken fully out of service until 25 December 1993.
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Soviet Census (1989)
The 1989 Soviet census (Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989, "1989 All-Union Census"), conducted between 12-19 January of that year, was the last one that took place in the former USSR.
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Soviet deportations from Estonia
Soviet deportations from Estonia were a series of mass deportations by the Soviet Union from Estonia in 1941 and 1945–1951.
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Soviet Navy
The Soviet Navy (Military Maritime Fleet of the USSR) was the naval arm of the Soviet Armed Forces.
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Soviet republic (system of government)
A soviet republic (from Советская республика - Sovetskaya respublika, Räterepublik, République des conseils, Radenrepubliek, Радянська республіка, Савецкая рэспубліка, etc) is a term used to describe a republic in which the government is formed of soviets (workers' councils) and politics are based on soviet democracy and democratic centralism.
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.
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Sovietization
Sovietization is the adoption of a political system based on the model of soviets (workers' councils) or the adoption of a way of life and mentality modelled after the Soviet Union.
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Standard of living
Standard of living refers to the level of wealth, comfort, material goods, and necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class in a certain geographic area, usually a country.
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State continuity of the Baltic states
State continuity of the Baltic states describes the continuity of the Baltic states as legal entities under international lawZiemele (2005).
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State Council of the Soviet Union
Following the August 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, the State Council of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) (Государственный Совет СССР), but also known as the State Soviet, was formed on 5 September 1991 and was designed to be one of the most important government offices in Mikhail Gorbachev's Soviet Union.
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Stimson Doctrine
The Stimson Doctrine is the policy of nonrecognition of states created as a result of aggression.
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Strategic Missile Troops
The Strategic Missile Troops or Strategic Rocket Forces of the Russian Federation or RVSN RF are a military branch of the Russian Armed Forces that controls Russia's land-based intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs).
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Sumner Welles
Benjamin Sumner Welles (October 14, 1892 – September 24, 1961) was an American government official and diplomat in the Foreign Service.
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Supreme Soviet
The Supreme Soviet (Верховный Совет, Verkhóvnyj Sovét, literally "Supreme Council") was the common name for the legislative bodies (parliaments) of the Soviet socialist republics (SSR) in the Soviet Union.
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Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
The Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union was the highest legislative body in the Soviet Union and the only one with the power to pass constitutional amendments.
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Surrender (military)
Surrender, in military terms, is the relinquishment of control over territory, combatants, fortifications, ships or armament to another power.
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Sweden
Sweden (Sverige), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe.
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Tallinn
Tallinn (or,; names in other languages) is the capital and largest city of Estonia.
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Tallinn Airport
Tallinn Airport (Tallinna lennujaam) or Lennart Meri Tallinn Airport (Lennart Meri Tallinna lennujaam) is the largest airport in Estonia and serves as a hub for the national airline Nordica, as well as the secondary hub for AirBaltic and LOT Polish Airlines.
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Tallinn TV Tower
The Tallinn TV Tower (Tallinna teletorn) is a free-standing structure with an observation deck, built to provide better telecommunication services for the 1980 Moscow Summer Olympics regatta event (see Sailing at the 1980 Summer Olympics).
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Tapa Airfield
Tapa Airfield is an unused air base in Estonia located southwest of Tapa.
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Tartu
Tartu (South Estonian: Tarto) is the second largest city of Estonia, after Estonia's political and financial capital Tallinn.
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Tartu Offensive
The Tartu Offensive Operation (Тартуская наступательная операция), also known as the Battle of Tartu (Tartu lahing) and the Battle of Emajõgi (Emajõe lahingud, Schlacht am Embach) was a campaign fought over southeastern Estonia in 1944.
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The Professional Geographer
The Professional Geographer is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal publishing short articles on all aspects of geography.
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The Wall Street Journal
The Wall Street Journal is a U.S. business-focused, English-language international daily newspaper based in New York City.
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Time (magazine)
Time is an American weekly news magazine and news website published in New York City.
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Treaty of Tartu (Russian–Estonian)
Tartu Peace Treaty (Tartu rahu, literally "Tartu peace") or Treaty of Tartu is a peace treaty between Estonia and Soviet Russia signed on February 2, 1920 ending the Estonian War of Independence.
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Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB).
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Tver
Tver (p; IPA: tvʲerʲi) is a city and the administrative center of Tver Oblast, Russia.
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Ufa
Ufa (p; Өфө) is the capital city of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, and the industrial, economic, scientific and cultural center of the republic.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.
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United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
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United States dollar
The United States dollar (sign: $; code: USD; also abbreviated US$ and referred to as the dollar, U.S. dollar, or American dollar) is the official currency of the United States and its insular territories per the United States Constitution since 1792.
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University of Tartu
The University of Tartu (UT; Tartu Ülikool, Universitas Tartuensis) is a classical university in the city of Tartu, Estonia.
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University of Wisconsin Press
The University of Wisconsin Press (sometimes abbreviated as UW Press) is a non-profit university press publishing peer-reviewed books and journals.
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Uranium ore
Uranium ore deposits are economically recoverable concentrations of uranium within the Earth's crust.
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Urho Kekkonen
Urho Kaleva Kekkonen (3 September 1900 – 31 August 1986) was a Finnish politician who served as the eighth and longest-serving President of Finland (1956–82).
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Vaino Väljas
Vaino Väljas (born 28 March 1931 in Külaküla, Hiiumaa) is a former Soviet politician.
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Vaivara Parish
Vaivara Parish is a former municipality of Ida-Viru County in northern Estonia.
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Võru County
Võrumaa, or Võru maakond (Võru County,, Võro maakund) officially, is a county in Southern Estonia.
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War
War is a state of armed conflict between states, societies and informal groups, such as insurgents and militias.
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Wehrmacht
The Wehrmacht (lit. "defence force")From wehren, "to defend" and Macht., "power, force".
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White movement
The White movement (p) and its military arm the White Army (Бѣлая Армія/Белая Армия, Belaya Armiya), also known as the White Guard (Бѣлая Гвардія/Белая Гвардия, Belaya Gvardiya), the White Guardsmen (Белогвардейцы, Belogvardeytsi) or simply the Whites (Белые, Beliye), was a loose confederation of Anti-Communist forces that fought the Bolsheviks, also known as the Reds, in the Russian Civil War (1917–1922/3) and, to a lesser extent, continued operating as militarized associations both outside and within Russian borders until roughly the Second World War.
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World War II
World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.
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Yalta Conference
The Yalta Conference, also known as the Crimea Conference and code named the Argonaut Conference, held from 4 to 11 February 1945, was the World War II meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union for the purpose of discussing Germany and Europe's postwar reorganization.
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Yestonians
Yestonians (jeestlased, jeestlane, естонцы) was a derogatory epithet for historically ethnic Estonians brought from Russia to Estonia after World War II to staff the political structures of Soviet Estonia with cadres loyal to Moscow.
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1980 Summer Olympics
The 1980 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXII Olympiad (r), was an international multi-sport event held in Moscow, Soviet Union, in present-day Russia.
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1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt
The 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, also known as the August Coup (r "August Putsch"), was an attempt by members of the Soviet Union's government to take control of the country from Soviet President and General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev.
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32nd Rifle Division (Soviet Union)
The 32nd Rifle Division was an infantry division of the Red Army and later of the Soviet Army, formed three times.
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Redirects here:
ESSR, Eesti Nõukogude Sotsialistlik Vabariik, Estonia SSR, Estonian Cabinet of Ministers, Estonian S.S.R, Estonian SSR, Estonian ssr, Estonija, Estonskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika, Estonya, Soviet Estonia, Soviet Republic of Estonia, Soviet annexation of Estonia, Soviet-occupied Estonia, Эстонская Советская Социалистическая Республика.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic
