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87 relations: Adrenal gland, Agonist, Agonist-antagonist, Androstenedione, Anemia, Antiestrogen, Aromatase, Baboon, Biotransformation, Breast cancer, Cholesterol, Circulatory system, CYP3A4, CYP3A7, Cytochrome P450, Dehydroepiandrosterone, Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, Double bond, Down syndrome, Edwards syndrome, Efficacy, Endogeny (biology), Enzyme, Estradiol, Estrane, Estrin (compound), Estriol (medication), Estriol 3-glucuronide, Estriol glucuronide, Estriol sulfate, Estriol sulfate glucuronide, Estrogen, Estrogen receptor, Estrogen receptor alpha, Estrogen receptor beta, Estrone, Excretion, Exogeny, False positives and false negatives, Glucuronidation, GPER, Gravidity and parity, Hormone replacement therapy, HSD3B1, Hydroxy group, Hydroxylation, In vitro, In vivo, Intravenous therapy, Intrinsic activity, ..., Ligand (biochemistry), Liver, Medication, Membrane estrogen receptor, Menopause, Metabolism, Metabolite, Natural product, Nonstress test, Nuclear receptor, Partial agonist, Placenta, Postmenopausal hormone therapy, Potency (pharmacology), Pre-eclampsia, Pregnancy, Pregnenolone, Progesterone, Receptor antagonist, Renal function, Sex hormone-binding globulin, Sex steroid, Steroid, Steroid sulfatase, Steroid sulfotransferase, Sulfation, Symptom, Triol, Triple test, Triple-negative breast cancer, Urine, 16α-Hydroxy-DHEA, 16α-Hydroxy-DHEA sulfate, 16α-Hydroxyandrostenedione, 16α-Hydroxyestrone, 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Expand index (37 more) »
Adrenal gland
The adrenal glands (also known as suprarenal glands) are endocrine glands that produce a variety of hormones including adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone and cortisol.
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Agonist
An agonist is a chemical that binds to a receptor and activates the receptor to produce a biological response.
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Agonist-antagonist
In pharmacology the term agonist-antagonist or mixed agonist/antagonist is used to refer to a drug which under some conditions behaves as an agonist (a substance that fully activates the receptor that it binds to) while under other conditions, behaves as an antagonist (a substance that binds to a receptor but does not activate and can block the activity of other agonists).
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Androstenedione
Androstenedione, or 4-androstenedione (abbreviated as A4 or Δ4-dione), also known as androst-4-ene-3,17-dione, is an endogenous weak androgen steroid hormone and intermediate in the biosynthesis of estrone and of testosterone from dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA).
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Anemia
Anemia is a decrease in the total amount of red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin in the blood, or a lowered ability of the blood to carry oxygen.
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Antiestrogen
Antiestrogens, also known as estrogen antagonists or estrogen blockers, are a class of drugs which prevent estrogens like estradiol from mediating their biological effects in the body.
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Aromatase
Aromatase, also called estrogen synthetase or estrogen synthase, is an enzyme responsible for a key step in the biosynthesis of estrogens.
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Baboon
Baboons are Old World monkeys belonging to the genus Papio, part of the subfamily Cercopithecinae which are found natively in very specific areas of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula.
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Biotransformation
Biotransformation is the chemical modification (or modifications) made by an organism on a chemical compound.
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Breast cancer
Breast cancer is cancer that develops from breast tissue.
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Cholesterol
Cholesterol (from the Ancient Greek chole- (bile) and stereos (solid), followed by the chemical suffix -ol for an alcohol) is an organic molecule.
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Circulatory system
The circulatory system, also called the cardiovascular system or the vascular system, is an organ system that permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and from the cells in the body to provide nourishment and help in fighting diseases, stabilize temperature and pH, and maintain homeostasis.
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CYP3A4
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (abbreviated CYP3A4) is an important enzyme in the body, mainly found in the liver and in the intestine.
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CYP3A7
CYP3A7 is an enzyme belonging to the cytochrome P450 family.
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Cytochrome P450
Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) are proteins of the superfamily containing heme as a cofactor and, therefore, are hemoproteins.
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Dehydroepiandrosterone
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), also known as androstenolone, is an endogenous steroid hormone.
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Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, abbreviated as DHEA sulfate or DHEA-S, also known as androstenolone sulfate, is an endogenous androstane steroid that is produced by the adrenal cortex.
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Double bond
A double bond in chemistry is a chemical bond between two chemical elements involving four bonding electrons instead of the usual two.
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Down syndrome
Down syndrome (DS or DNS), also known as trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21.
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Edwards syndrome
Edwards syndrome, also known as trisomy 18, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all, or part of a third copy of chromosome 18.
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Efficacy
Efficacy is the ability to get a job done satisfactorily.
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Endogeny (biology)
Endogenous substances and processes are those that originate from within an organism, tissue, or cell.
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Enzyme
Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts.
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Estradiol
Estradiol (E2), also spelled oestradiol, is an estrogen steroid hormone and the major female sex hormone.
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Estrane
Estrane is a C18 steroid derivative, with a gonane core.
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Estrin (compound)
Estrin (American English), or oestrin (British English), also known as estra-1,3,5(10)-triene, is an estrane steroid.
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Estriol (medication)
Estriol, sold under the brand name Ovestin among others, is an estrogen medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone which is used in menopausal hormone therapy.
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Estriol 3-glucuronide
Estriol 3-glucuronide, or oestriol 3-glucuronide, also known as estriol 3-β-D-glucosiduronic acid, is a natural, steroidal estrogen and a glucuronic acid (β-D-glucopyranuronic acid) conjugate of estriol.
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Estriol glucuronide
Estriol glucuronide (E3G), or oestriol glucuronide, also known as estriol monoglucuronide, as well as estriol 16α-β-D-glucosiduronic acid, is a natural, steroidal estrogen and the glucuronic acid (β-D-glucopyranuronic acid) conjugate of estriol.
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Estriol sulfate
Estriol sulfate, or estriol 3-sulfate, is a conjugated metabolite of estriol that is present in high quantities during pregnancy.
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Estriol sulfate glucuronide
Estriol sulfate glucuronide, or estriol 3-sulfate 16α-glucuronide, is an endogenous, naturally occurring diconjugated metabolite of estriol.
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Estrogen
Estrogen, or oestrogen, is the primary female sex hormone.
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Estrogen receptor
Estrogen receptors (ERs) are a group of proteins found inside cells.
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Estrogen receptor alpha
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), also known as NR3A1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group A, member 1), is one of two main types of estrogen receptor, a nuclear receptor that is activated by the sex hormone estrogen.
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Estrogen receptor beta
Estrogen receptor beta (ER-β), also known as NR3A2 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group A, member 2), is one of two main types of estrogen receptor, a nuclear receptor which is activated by the sex hormone estrogen.
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Estrone
Estrone (E1), also spelled oestrone, is a steroid, a weak estrogen, and a minor female sex hormone.
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Excretion
Excretion is the process by which metabolic waste is eliminated from an organism.
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Exogeny
In a variety of contexts, exogeny or exogeneity is the fact of an action or object originating externally.
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False positives and false negatives
In medical testing, and more generally in binary classification, a false positive is an error in data reporting in which a test result improperly indicates presence of a condition, such as a disease (the result is positive), when in reality it is not present, while a false negative is an error in which a test result improperly indicates no presence of a condition (the result is negative), when in reality it is present.
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Glucuronidation
Glucuronidation is often involved in drug metabolism of substances such as drugs, pollutants, bilirubin, androgens, estrogens, mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, fatty acid derivatives, retinoids, and bile acids.
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GPER
G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER), also known as G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPER gene.
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Gravidity and parity
In biology and human medicine, gravidity and parity are the number of times a female is or has been pregnant (gravidity) and carried the pregnancies to a viable gestational age (parity).
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Hormone replacement therapy
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is any form of hormone therapy wherein the patient, in the course of medical treatment, receives hormones, either to supplement a lack of naturally occurring hormones or to substitute other hormones for naturally occurring hormones.
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HSD3B1
HSD3B1 is a human gene that encodes for a 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta(5)-delta(4)isomerase type I or hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 1.
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Hydroxy group
A hydroxy or hydroxyl group is the entity with the formula OH.
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Hydroxylation
Hydroxylation is a chemical process that introduces a hydroxyl group (-OH) into an organic compound.
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In vitro
In vitro (meaning: in the glass) studies are performed with microorganisms, cells, or biological molecules outside their normal biological context.
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In vivo
Studies that are in vivo (Latin for "within the living"; often not italicized in English) are those in which the effects of various biological entities are tested on whole, living organisms or cells, usually animals, including humans, and plants, as opposed to a tissue extract or dead organism.
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Intravenous therapy
Intravenous therapy (IV) is a therapy that delivers liquid substances directly into a vein (intra- + ven- + -ous).
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Intrinsic activity
Intrinsic activity (IA) or efficacy refers to the relative ability of a drug-receptor complex to produce a maximum functional response.
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Ligand (biochemistry)
In biochemistry and pharmacology, a ligand is a substance that forms a complex with a biomolecule to serve a biological purpose.
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Liver
The liver, an organ only found in vertebrates, detoxifies various metabolites, synthesizes proteins, and produces biochemicals necessary for digestion.
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Medication
A medication (also referred to as medicine, pharmaceutical drug, or simply drug) is a drug used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease.
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Membrane estrogen receptor
Membrane estrogen receptors (mERs) are a group of receptors which bind estrogen.
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Menopause
Menopause, also known as the climacteric, is the time in most women's lives when menstrual periods stop permanently, and they are no longer able to bear children.
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Metabolism
Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of organisms.
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Metabolite
A metabolite is the intermediate end product of metabolism.
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Natural product
A natural product is a chemical compound or substance produced by a living organism—that is, found in nature.
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Nonstress test
A nonstress test (NST) is a screening test used in pregnancy.
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Nuclear receptor
In the field of molecular biology, nuclear receptors are a class of proteins found within cells that are responsible for sensing steroid and thyroid hormones and certain other molecules.
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Partial agonist
In pharmacology, partial agonists are drugs that bind to and activate a given receptor, but have only partial efficacy at the receptor relative to a full agonist.
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Placenta
The placenta is an organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall to allow nutrient uptake, thermo-regulation, waste elimination, and gas exchange via the mother's blood supply; to fight against internal infection; and to produce hormones which support pregnancy.
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Postmenopausal hormone therapy
Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), or postmenopausal hormone therapy (PHT, PMHT), also known as hormone replacement therapy in menopause, is a form of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) which is used in postmenopausal, perimenopausal, and surgically menopausal women.
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Potency (pharmacology)
In the field of pharmacology, potency is a measure of drug activity expressed in terms of the amount required to produce an effect of given intensity.
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Pre-eclampsia
Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a disorder of pregnancy characterized by the onset of high blood pressure and often a significant amount of protein in the urine.
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Pregnancy
Pregnancy, also known as gestation, is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman.
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Pregnenolone
Pregnenolone (P5), or pregn-5-en-3β-ol-20-one, is an endogenous steroid and precursor/metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of most of the steroid hormones, including the progestogens, androgens, estrogens, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids.
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Progesterone
Progesterone (P4) is an endogenous steroid and progestogen sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis of humans and other species.
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Receptor antagonist
A receptor antagonist is a type of receptor ligand or drug that blocks or dampens a biological response by binding to and blocking a receptor rather than activating it like an agonist.
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Renal function
Renal function, in nephrology, is an indication of the kidney's condition and its role in renal physiology.
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Sex hormone-binding globulin
Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) or sex steroid-binding globulin (SSBG) is a glycoprotein that binds to the two sex hormones: androgen and estrogen.
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Sex steroid
Sex steroids, also known as gonadocorticoids and gonadal steroids, are steroid hormones that interact with vertebrate androgen or estrogen receptors.
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Steroid
A steroid is a biologically active organic compound with four rings arranged in a specific molecular configuration.
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Steroid sulfatase
Steroid sulfatase (STS), or steryl-sulfatase, formerly known as arylsulfatase C, is a sulfatase enzyme involved in the metabolism of steroids.
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Steroid sulfotransferase
In enzymology, a steroid sulfotransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate and phenolic steroid, whereas its two products are adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate and steroid O-sulfate.
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Sulfation
Sulfation or sulfurylation (not to be confused with sulfonation) in biochemistry is the enzyme-catalyzed conjugation of a sulfo group (not a sulfate or sulfuryl group) to another molecule.
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Symptom
A symptom (from Greek σύμπτωμα, "accident, misfortune, that which befalls", from συμπίπτω, "I befall", from συν- "together, with" and πίπτω, "I fall") is a departure from normal function or feeling which is noticed by a patient, reflecting the presence of an unusual state, or of a disease.
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Triol
A triol is a chemical compound containing three hydroxyl groups (–OH functional groups), such as glycerol.
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Triple test
The triple test, also called triple screen, the Kettering test or the Bart's test, is an investigation performed during pregnancy in the second trimester to classify a patient as either high-risk or low-risk for chromosomal abnormalities (and neural tube defects).
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Triple-negative breast cancer
Triple-negative breast cancer (sometimes abbreviated TNBC) refers to any breast cancer that does not express the genes for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and Her2/neu.
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Urine
Urine is a liquid by-product of metabolism in humans and in many animals.
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16α-Hydroxy-DHEA
16α-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone (16α-hydroxy-DHEA or 16α-OH-DHEA) is an endogenous metabolite of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA).
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16α-Hydroxy-DHEA sulfate
16α-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (16α-OH-DHEA-S), also known as 16α-hydroxy-17-oxoandrost-5-en-3β-yl sulfate, is an endogenous, naturally occurring steroid and a metabolic intermediate in the production of estriol from dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) during pregnancy.
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16α-Hydroxyandrostenedione
16α-Hydroxyandrostenedione (16α-OH-A4), also known as 16α-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione, is an endogenous and naturally occurring steroid and metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of estriol during pregnancy.
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16α-Hydroxyestrone
16α-Hydroxyestrone (16α-OH-E1), or hydroxyestrone, also known as estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-3,16α-diol-17-one, is an endogenous steroidal estrogen and a major metabolite of estrone, as well as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of estriol.
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17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17β-HSD, HSD17B), also 17-ketosteroid reductases (17-KSR), are a group of alcohol oxidoreductases which catalyze the reduction of 17-ketosteroids and the dehydrogenation of 17β-hydroxysteroids in steroidogenesis and steroid metabolism.
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3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ5-4 isomerase (3β-HSD) is an enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of progesterone from pregnenolone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone from 17α-hydroxypregnenolone, and androstenedione from dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in the adrenal gland.
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Redirects here:
16α-Hydroxyestradiol, 16α-hydroxyestradiol, Estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-3,16α,17β-triol, Estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,16α,17β-triol, Estratrienetriol, Estratrientriol, Oestriol, Theelol, Trihydroxyestrin, Trimesta, Œstetrol, Œstriol.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estriol
