Faster access than browser!
146 relations: Abazins, Abdul Majid, Abkhazians, Abzakhs, Accession of Turkey to the European Union, Adjarians, Adolf Berge, Adygea, Adyghe Habze, Adyghe language, Adyghe people, Akyazı, Aleksey Petrovich Yermolov, Alexander II of Russia, Amman, Anaklia, Anatolia, Antero Leitzinger, Arab Legion, Armenian Genocide, Arshtins, Aul, Üsküdar, Balkars, Battle of Krtsanisi, Bedouin, Black Sea, Boris Yeltsin, Bulgaria, Bzhedugs, Caucasian War, Caucasus, CBC News, Chechens, Chemirgoys, Circassia, Circassians, Civil Georgia, Colonization, Conscription, Cossacks, Crimean Tatars, Crimean War, Cyprus, Dagestan, Danube Vilayet, Demographics of Turkey, Deportation, Deportation of the Chechens and Ingush, Dmitry Milyutin, ..., Duma, Dundee, Edinburgh, Emancipation reform of 1861, Emirate of Transjordan, Epirus, Ethnic cleansing, European Parliament, European Union, Fish, Forced displacement, Genocide, George XII of Georgia, Georgi Derluguian, Georgia (country), Georgia within the Russian Empire, Georgia–Russia relations, Greece, Guerrilla warfare, Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907, Heraclius II of Georgia, Hidden Nations, Enduring Crimes conference, Highland Clearances, History of Iran, Holy places, Imperial Russian Army, Ingush people, Istanbul, Jamestown Foundation, Jordan, Kabardians, Kabardino-Balkaria, Kakheti, Kalmyks, Karachays, Kartli, Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti, Kosovo field (Kosovo), Kuban River, Language death, Lazaretto, London, Manchester, Mass murder, Middle East, Moscow, Mountaineering, Nader Shah, Natukhajs, Nogais, North Caucasus, Ossetians, Ottoman Empire, Papakha, Parliament of Georgia, Peace of Amasya, Peoples of the Caucasus, President of Russia, Pyotr Nikolayevich Gruzinsky, Qajar dynasty, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Raids, Resistance movement, Rumelia, Russian Empire, Russo-Circassian War, Russo-Georgian War, Russo-Persian War (1804–13), Russo-Persian War (1826–1828), Russo-Persian Wars, Rutgers University Press, Shamil, 3rd Imam of Dagestan, Shapsugs, Sochi, Syria, T. E. Lawrence, The New York Times, The Scotsman, The Times, Treaty of Adrianople (1829), Treaty of Georgievsk, Treaty of Gulistan, Treaty of Paris (1856), Tsarist autocracy, Tuapse, Turkey, Turkish nationalism, Ubykh language, Ubykh people, University of California, Berkeley, University of Southern California, Varna, Vidin, Vladikavkaz, Western Caucasus, Young Turks. Expand index (96 more) »
Abazins
The Abazin, Abazinians, or Abaza (Abaza and Abkhaz: Абаза; Circassian: Абазэхэр; Абазины; Abazalar; أباظة) are an ethnic group of the Northwest Caucasus, closely related to the Abkhaz and Circassian people.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Abazins · See more »
Abdul Majid
Abdul Majid (عبد المجيد.) is a Muslim male given name and, in modern usage, surname.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Abdul Majid · See more »
Abkhazians
Abkhazians or the Abkhaz (Abkhaz: Аҧсуа, Apswa; აფხაზები) are a Northwest Caucasian ethnic group, mainly living in Abkhazia, a disputed region on the Black Sea coast.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Abkhazians · See more »
Abzakhs
The Abzakh (Circassian: абдзах, Russian: абадзехи), also known as Abdzakhs or Abadzekhs, are one of the twelve Adyghe tribes (sub-ethnic groups) of the Circassian people.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Abzakhs · See more »
Accession of Turkey to the European Union
Turkey's application to accede to the European Economic Community, the predecessor of the European Union (EU), was made on 14 April 1987.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Accession of Turkey to the European Union · See more »
Adjarians
The Adjarians (აჭარლები, Ačarlebi) are an ethnographic group of Georgians that mostly live in Adjara in south-western Georgia.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Adjarians · See more »
Adolf Berge
Adolph Bergé or Adolf Pyetrovich Berzhe (Адольф Петрович Берже) (July 28, 1828 – January 31, 1886) was an Imperial Russian bureaucrat and an Orientalist, with principal interests in the history and culture of the South Caucasus.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Adolf Berge · See more »
Adygea
The Republic of Adygea (r; Адыгэ Республик, Adygæ Respublik), also known as the Adyghe Republic, is a federal subject of Russia (a republic), with its territory enclaved within Krasnodar Krai.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Adygea · See more »
Adyghe Habze
Adyghe Habze or Circassian Habze (Adyghe: Адыгэ Хабзэ /adəɣa xaːbza/), alternatively spelled Khabze, Khabza, or Xabze, also called Habzism, isKhabze.info.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Adyghe Habze · See more »
Adyghe language
Adyghe (or; Adyghe: Адыгабзэ, Adygabzæ), also known as West Circassian (КӀахыбзэ, K’axybzæ), is one of the two official languages of the Republic of Adygea in the Russian Federation, the other being Russian. It is spoken by various tribes of the Adyghe people: Abzekh, Adamey, Bzhedug, Hatuqwai, Temirgoy, Mamkhegh, Natekuay, Shapsug, Zhaney and Yegerikuay, each with its own dialect. The language is referred to by its speakers as Adygebze or Adəgăbză, and alternatively transliterated in English as Adygean, Adygeyan or Adygei. The literary language is based on the Temirgoy dialect. There are apparently around 128,000 speakers of Adyghe in Russia, almost all of them native speakers. In total, some 300,000 speak it worldwide. The largest Adyghe-speaking community is in Turkey, spoken by the post Russian–Circassian War (circa 1763–1864) diaspora; in addition to that, the Adyghe language is spoken by the Cherkesogai in Krasnodar Krai. Adyghe belongs to the family of Northwest Caucasian languages. Kabardian (also known as East Circassian) is a very close relative, treated by some as a dialect of Adyghe or of an overarching Circassian language. Ubykh, Abkhaz and Abaza are somewhat more distantly related to Adyghe. The language was standardised after the October Revolution in 1917. Since 1936, the Cyrillic script has been used to write Adyghe. Before that, an Arabic-based alphabet was used together with the Latin.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Adyghe language · See more »
Adyghe people
The ethnonym "Adyghe" (Адыгэ/Adygè, Ады́ги) is used as an endonym by the Caucasian-speaking Circassians of the North Caucasus and as a demonym for the inhabitants of the Republic of Adygea, a federal subject of Russia located in the southwestern part of European Russia, enclaved within Krasnodar Krai, where it is also rendered as Adygeans (Адыгейцы).
New!!: Circassian genocide and Adyghe people · See more »
Akyazı
Akyazı is a town and district of Sakarya Province in the Marmara region of Turkey.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Akyazı · See more »
Aleksey Petrovich Yermolov
Aleksey Petrovich Yermolov (p; &ndash) was a Russian Imperial general of the 19th century who commanded Russian troops in the Caucasian War.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Aleksey Petrovich Yermolov · See more »
Alexander II of Russia
Alexander II (p; 29 April 1818 – 13 March 1881) was the Emperor of Russia from the 2nd March 1855 until his assassination on 13 March 1881.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Alexander II of Russia · See more »
Amman
Amman (عمّان) is the capital and most populous city of Jordan, and the country's economic, political and cultural centre.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Amman · See more »
Anaklia
Anaklia is a town and seaside resort in western Georgia.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Anaklia · See more »
Anatolia
Anatolia (Modern Greek: Ανατολία Anatolía, from Ἀνατολή Anatolḗ,; "east" or "rise"), also known as Asia Minor (Medieval and Modern Greek: Μικρά Ἀσία Mikrá Asía, "small Asia"), Asian Turkey, the Anatolian peninsula, or the Anatolian plateau, is the westernmost protrusion of Asia, which makes up the majority of modern-day Turkey.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Anatolia · See more »
Antero Leitzinger
Antero Leitzinger (born 1962 in Helsinki, Finland) is political historian and researcher for the Finnish Directorate of Immigration.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Antero Leitzinger · See more »
Arab Legion
The Arab Legion was the regular army of Transjordan and then Jordan in the early part of the 20th century.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Arab Legion · See more »
Armenian Genocide
The Armenian Genocide (Հայոց ցեղասպանություն, Hayots tseghaspanutyun), also known as the Armenian Holocaust, was the Ottoman government's systematic extermination of 1.5 million Armenians, mostly citizens within the Ottoman Empire.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Armenian Genocide · See more »
Arshtins
The Arshtins were a group of Vainakh living in between the Ingush and Chechens, along the Sunzha's middle reaches and their tributaries.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Arshtins · See more »
Aul
An aul (oil, аул, Turkic: awıl) is a type of fortified village found throughout the Caucasus mountains.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Aul · See more »
Üsküdar
Üsküdar, traditionally known in Italian and English as Scutari (Σκουτάριον in Greek), is a large and densely populated district and municipality of Istanbul, Turkey, on the Anatolian shore of the Bosphorus.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Üsküdar · See more »
Balkars
The Balkars (Малкъарлыла, таулула Malqarlıla, tawlula) are a Turkic people of the Caucasus region, one of the titular populations of Kabardino-Balkaria.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Balkars · See more »
Battle of Krtsanisi
The Battle of Krtsanisi (კრწანისის ბრძოლა, k'rts'anisis brdzola) was fought between the Qajars of Iran and the Georgian armies of the Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti and Kingdom of Imereti at the place of Krtsanisi near Tbilisi, Georgia, from September 8 to September 11, 1795, as part of Qajar Emperor Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar's war in response to King Heraclius II of Georgia’s alliance with the Russian Empire.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Battle of Krtsanisi · See more »
Bedouin
The Bedouin (badawī) are a grouping of nomadic Arab peoples who have historically inhabited the desert regions in North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Iraq and the Levant.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Bedouin · See more »
Black Sea
The Black Sea is a body of water and marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean between Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Western Asia.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Black Sea · See more »
Boris Yeltsin
Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin (p; 1 February 1931 – 23 April 2007) was a Soviet and Russian politician and the first President of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Boris Yeltsin · See more »
Bulgaria
Bulgaria (България, tr.), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (Република България, tr.), is a country in southeastern Europe.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Bulgaria · See more »
Bzhedugs
Bzhedug or Bazdug (Бжъэдыгъу, Bz̄edyğw,; Бжедуги, Bžedugi) are one of the 12 tribal divisions of the Adyghe Circassians.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Bzhedugs · See more »
Caucasian War
The Caucasian War (Кавказская война; Kavkazskaya vojna) of 1817–1864 was an invasion of the Caucasus by the Russian Empire which resulted in Russia's annexation of the areas of the North Caucasus, and the ethnic cleansing of Circassians.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Caucasian War · See more »
Caucasus
The Caucasus or Caucasia is a region located at the border of Europe and Asia, situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea and occupied by Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Armenia.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Caucasus · See more »
CBC News
CBC News is the division of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation responsible for the news gathering and production of news programs on the corporation's English-language operations, namely CBC Television, CBC Radio, CBC News Network, and CBC.ca.
New!!: Circassian genocide and CBC News · See more »
Chechens
Chechens (Нохчий; Old Chechen: Нахчой Naxçoy) are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group of the Nakh peoples originating in the North Caucasus region of Eastern Europe.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Chechens · See more »
Chemirgoys
Temirgoy or Chemirgoy or Kemgui (КIэмгуй,; or КIэмыргъуэй,; or Кӏьэмгуе,; Темиргоевцы) are one of the Adyghe tribes (sub-ethnic groups) of the Circassian people.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Chemirgoys · See more »
Circassia
Circassia (Адыгэ Хэку, Черке́сия, ჩერქეზეთი, شيركاسيا, Çerkesya) is a region in the and along the northeast shore of the Black Sea.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Circassia · See more »
Circassians
The Circassians (Черкесы Čerkesy), also known by their endonym Adyghe (Circassian: Адыгэхэр Adygekher, Ады́ги Adýgi), are a Northwest Caucasian nation native to Circassia, many of whom were displaced in the course of the Russian conquest of the Caucasus in the 19th century, especially after the Russian–Circassian War in 1864.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Circassians · See more »
Civil Georgia
Civil Georgia (სივილ ჯორჯია) is a Tbilisi-based free daily news website run by Georgian NGO UN Association of Georgia.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Civil Georgia · See more »
Colonization
Colonization (or colonisation) is a process by which a central system of power dominates the surrounding land and its components.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Colonization · See more »
Conscription
Conscription, sometimes called the draft, is the compulsory enlistment of people in a national service, most often a military service.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Conscription · See more »
Cossacks
Cossacks (козаки́, translit, kozaky, казакi, kozacy, Czecho-Slovak: kozáci, kozákok Pronunciations.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Cossacks · See more »
Crimean Tatars
Crimean Tatars or Crimeans (Crimean Tatar: Qırımtatarlar, qırımlar, Kırım Tatarları, Крымские Татары, крымцы, Кримськi Татари, кримцi) are a Turkic ethnic group that formed in the Crimean Peninsula during the 13th–17th centuries, primarily from the Turkic tribes that moved to the land now known as Crimea in Eastern Europe from the Asian steppes beginning in the 10th century, with contributions from the pre-Cuman population of Crimea.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Crimean Tatars · See more »
Crimean War
The Crimean War (or translation) was a military conflict fought from October 1853 to February 1856 in which the Russian Empire lost to an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, Britain and Sardinia.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Crimean War · See more »
Cyprus
Cyprus (Κύπρος; Kıbrıs), officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία; Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti), is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean and the third largest and third most populous island in the Mediterranean.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Cyprus · See more »
Dagestan
The Republic of Dagestan (Респу́блика Дагеста́н), or simply Dagestan (or; Дагеста́н), is a federal subject (a republic) of Russia, located in the North Caucasus region.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Dagestan · See more »
Danube Vilayet
The Vilayet of the Danube or Danubian Vilayet (ولايت طونه, Vilâyet-i Tuna) was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire from 1864 to 1878.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Danube Vilayet · See more »
Demographics of Turkey
This article is about the demographic features of the population of Turkey, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Demographics of Turkey · See more »
Deportation
Deportation is the expulsion of a person or group of people from a place or country.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Deportation · See more »
Deportation of the Chechens and Ingush
The Deportation of the Chechens and Ingush, also known as Aardakh (Aardax), Operation Lentil (Чечевица, Chechevitsa; Вайнах махкахбахар Vaynax Maxkaxbaxar) was the Soviet forced transfer of the whole of the Vainakh (Chechen and Ingush) populations of the North Caucasus to Central Asia on February 23, 1944, during World War II.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Deportation of the Chechens and Ingush · See more »
Dmitry Milyutin
Count Dmitry Alekseyevich Milyutin (Дмитрий Алексеевич Милютин; 28 June 1816, Moscow – 25 January 1912, Simeiz near Yalta) was Minister of War (1861–81) and the last Field Marshal of Imperial Russia (1898).
New!!: Circassian genocide and Dmitry Milyutin · See more »
Duma
A duma (дума) is a Russian assembly with advisory or legislative functions.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Duma · See more »
Dundee
Dundee (Dùn Dè) is Scotland's fourth-largest city and the 51st-most-populous built-up area in the United Kingdom.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Dundee · See more »
Edinburgh
Edinburgh (Dùn Èideann; Edinburgh) is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 council areas.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Edinburgh · See more »
Emancipation reform of 1861
The Emancipation Reform of 1861 in Russia (translit, literally: "the peasants Reform of 1861") was the first and most important of liberal reforms passed during the reign (1855-1881) of Emperor Alexander II of Russia.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Emancipation reform of 1861 · See more »
Emirate of Transjordan
The Emirate of Transjordan (إمارة شرق الأردن lit. "Emirate of east Jordan"), also hyphenated as Trans-Jordan and previously known as Transjordania or Trans-Jordania, was a British protectorate established in April 1921.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Emirate of Transjordan · See more »
Epirus
Epirus is a geographical and historical region in southeastern Europe, now shared between Greece and Albania.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Epirus · See more »
Ethnic cleansing
Ethnic cleansing is the systematic forced removal of ethnic or racial groups from a given territory by a more powerful ethnic group, often with the intent of making it ethnically homogeneous.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Ethnic cleansing · See more »
European Parliament
The European Parliament (EP) is the directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union (EU).
New!!: Circassian genocide and European Parliament · See more »
European Union
The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of EUnum member states that are located primarily in Europe.
New!!: Circassian genocide and European Union · See more »
Fish
Fish are gill-bearing aquatic craniate animals that lack limbs with digits.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Fish · See more »
Forced displacement
Forced displacement or forced immigration is the coerced movement of a person or people away from their home or home region and it often connotes violent coercion.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Forced displacement · See more »
Genocide
Genocide is intentional action to destroy a people (usually defined as an ethnic, national, racial, or religious group) in whole or in part.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Genocide · See more »
George XII of Georgia
George XII (გიორგი XII, Giorgi XII), sometimes known as George XIII (November 10, 1746 – December 28, 1800), of the House of Bagrationi, was the second and last King of the Kingdom of Kartli and Kakheti (eastern Georgia) from 1798 until his death in 1800.
New!!: Circassian genocide and George XII of Georgia · See more »
Georgi Derluguian
Georgi M. Derluguian (Гео́ргий Матве́евич Дерлугья́н; Գեորգի Դերլուգյան; born 25 October 1961), also tr. Georgy Derlugyan, is a sociologist and historian of Armenian, Russian and Ukrainian descent.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Georgi Derluguian · See more »
Georgia (country)
Georgia (tr) is a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Georgia (country) · See more »
Georgia within the Russian Empire
The country of Georgia became part of the Russian Empire in the 19th century.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Georgia within the Russian Empire · See more »
Georgia–Russia relations
The relations between Georgia and Russia date back hundreds of years and remain complicated despite certain religious and historical ties that exist between the two countries and their people.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Georgia–Russia relations · See more »
Greece
No description.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Greece · See more »
Guerrilla warfare
Guerrilla warfare is a form of irregular warfare in which a small group of combatants, such as paramilitary personnel, armed civilians, or irregulars, use military tactics including ambushes, sabotage, raids, petty warfare, hit-and-run tactics, and mobility to fight a larger and less-mobile traditional military.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Guerrilla warfare · See more »
Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907
The Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 are a series of international treaties and declarations negotiated at two international peace conferences at The Hague in the Netherlands.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 · See more »
Heraclius II of Georgia
Heraclius II (ერეკლე II), also known as Erekle II and The Little Kakhetian (პატარა კახი) (7 November 1720 or 7 October 1721 – 11 January 1798), was a Georgian monarch of the Bagrationi dynasty, reigning as the king of Kakheti from 1744 to 1762, and of Kartli and Kakheti from 1762 until 1798.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Heraclius II of Georgia · See more »
Hidden Nations, Enduring Crimes conference
On March 20, 2010, a Circassian Congress was held in the Georgian capital of Tbilisi, funded in part by the Circassian members of the Western political analysis center, the Jamestown Foundation and the Ilia State University’s International School for Caucasus Studies in Georgia.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Hidden Nations, Enduring Crimes conference · See more »
Highland Clearances
The Highland Clearances (Fuadaichean nan Gàidheal, the "eviction of the Gaels") were the evictions of a significant number of tenants in the Scottish Highlands mostly during the 18th and 19th centuries.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Highland Clearances · See more »
History of Iran
The history of Iran, commonly also known as Persia in the Western world, is intertwined with the history of a larger region, also to an extent known as Greater Iran, comprising the area from Anatolia, the Bosphorus, and Egypt in the west to the borders of Ancient India and the Syr Darya in the east, and from the Caucasus and the Eurasian Steppe in the north to the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman in the south.
New!!: Circassian genocide and History of Iran · See more »
Holy places
Holy places are sites that religions considers to be of special religious significance.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Holy places · See more »
Imperial Russian Army
The Imperial Russian Army (Ру́сская импера́торская а́рмия) was the land armed force of the Russian Empire, active from around 1721 to the Russian Revolution of 1917.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Imperial Russian Army · See more »
Ingush people
The Ingush (ГIалгIай,, pronounced) are a Caucasian native ethnic group of the North Caucasus, mostly inhabiting their native Ingushetia, a federal republic of Russian Federation.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Ingush people · See more »
Istanbul
Istanbul (or or; İstanbul), historically known as Constantinople and Byzantium, is the most populous city in Turkey and the country's economic, cultural, and historic center.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Istanbul · See more »
Jamestown Foundation
The Jamestown Foundation is a Washington, D.C.-based institute for research and analysis, founded in 1984 as a platform to support Soviet defectors.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Jamestown Foundation · See more »
Jordan
Jordan (الْأُرْدُنّ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية), is a sovereign Arab state in Western Asia, on the East Bank of the Jordan River.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Jordan · See more »
Kabardians
The Kabardians (Highland Adyghe: Къэбэрдей адыгэхэр; Lowland Adyghe: Къэбэртай адыгэхэр; Кабардинцы), or Kabardinians, are the largest one of the twelve Adyghe (Circassian) tribes (sub-ethnic groups).
New!!: Circassian genocide and Kabardians · See more »
Kabardino-Balkaria
The Kabardino-Balkar Republic (Кабарди́но-Балка́рская Респу́блика, Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika; Kabardian: Къэбэрдей-Балъкъэр Республикэ, Ķêbêrdej-Baĺķêr Respublikê; Karachay-Balkar: Къабарты-Малкъар Республика, Qabartı-Malqar Respublika), or Kabardino-Balkaria (Кабарди́но-Балка́рия, Kabardino-Balkariya), is a federal subject of Russia (a republic) located in the North Caucasus.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Kabardino-Balkaria · See more »
Kakheti
Kakheti (კახეთი) is a region (Georgian: Mkhare) formed in the 1990s in eastern Georgia from the historical province of Kakheti and the small, mountainous province of Tusheti.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Kakheti · See more »
Kalmyks
The Kalmyks (Kalmyk: Хальмгуд, Xaľmgud, Mongolian: Халимаг, Halimag) are the Oirats in Russia, whose ancestors migrated from Dzungaria in 1607.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Kalmyks · See more »
Karachays
The Karachays (Къарачайлыла, таулула Qaraçaylıla, tawlula) are a Turkic people of the North Caucasus, mostly situated in the Russian Karachay–Cherkess Republic.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Karachays · See more »
Kartli
Kartli (ქართლი) is a historical region in central-to-eastern Georgia traversed by the river Mtkvari (Kura), on which Georgia's capital, Tbilisi, is situated.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Kartli · See more »
Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
The Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti (ქართლ-კახეთის სამეფო) (1762–1801) was created in 1762 by the unification of two eastern Georgian kingdoms of Kartli and Kakheti.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti · See more »
Kosovo field (Kosovo)
The Kosovo field (Косово поље / Kosovo polje, fusha e Kosovës, Amselfeld, Rigómező) is a large karst field (polje), a plain located in the eastern part of Kosovo (Kosovo proper).
New!!: Circassian genocide and Kosovo field (Kosovo) · See more »
Kuban River
The Kuban River (p; Circassian: Псыжъ or Псыжь,; Къвбина, Q̇vbina; Karachay–Balkar: Къобан, Qoban; Nogai: Кобан, Qoban) is a river in the Northwest Caucasus region of European Russia.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Kuban River · See more »
Language death
In linguistics, language death occurs when a language loses its last native speaker.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Language death · See more »
Lazaretto
A lazaretto or lazaret (from lazzaretto) is a quarantine station for maritime travellers.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Lazaretto · See more »
London
London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.
New!!: Circassian genocide and London · See more »
Manchester
Manchester is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England, with a population of 530,300.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Manchester · See more »
Mass murder
Mass murder is the act of murdering a number of people, typically simultaneously or over a relatively short period of time and in close geographic proximity.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Mass murder · See more »
Middle East
The Middle Easttranslit-std; translit; Orta Şərq; Central Kurdish: ڕۆژھەڵاتی ناوین, Rojhelatî Nawîn; Moyen-Orient; translit; translit; translit; Rojhilata Navîn; translit; Bariga Dhexe; Orta Doğu; translit is a transcontinental region centered on Western Asia, Turkey (both Asian and European), and Egypt (which is mostly in North Africa).
New!!: Circassian genocide and Middle East · See more »
Moscow
Moscow (a) is the capital and most populous city of Russia, with 13.2 million residents within the city limits and 17.1 million within the urban area.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Moscow · See more »
Mountaineering
Mountaineering is the sport of mountain climbing.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Mountaineering · See more »
Nader Shah
Nader Shah Afshar (نادر شاه افشار; also known as Nader Qoli Beyg نادر قلی بیگ or Tahmāsp Qoli Khan تهماسپ قلی خان) (August 1688 – 19 June 1747) was one of the most powerful Iranian rulers in the history of the nation, ruling as Shah of Persia (Iran) from 1736 to 1747 when he was assassinated during a rebellion.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Nader Shah · See more »
Natukhajs
The Natukhai (translit, with the possible sense нэ-тхуэ-джэ eye-white-with, 'With Light Eye(s)', the /-a-/s in the name being phonologically predictable) are one of the twelve main Adyghe tribes.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Natukhajs · See more »
Nogais
The Nogais are a Turkic ethnic group who live in southern European Russia, mainly in the North Caucasus region.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Nogais · See more »
North Caucasus
The North Caucasus (p) or Ciscaucasia is the northern part of the Caucasus region between the Sea of Azov and Black Sea on the west and the Caspian Sea on the east, within European Russia.
New!!: Circassian genocide and North Caucasus · See more »
Ossetians
The Ossetians or Ossetes (ир, ирæттæ,; дигорæ, дигорæнттæ) are an Iranian ethnic group of the Caucasus Mountains, indigenous to the region known as Ossetia.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Ossetians · See more »
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (دولت عليه عثمانیه,, literally The Exalted Ottoman State; Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also historically known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire"The Ottoman Empire-also known in Europe as the Turkish Empire" or simply Turkey, was a state that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Ottoman Empire · See more »
Papakha
Papakha (холхазан куй, xolxazan kuy), also known as astrakhan hat in English, is a wool hat worn by men throughout the Caucasus.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Papakha · See more »
Parliament of Georgia
The Parliament of Georgia (საქართველოს პარლამენტი, sakartvelos p'arlament'i) is the supreme legislature of Georgia.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Parliament of Georgia · See more »
Peace of Amasya
The Peace of Amasya (پیمان آماسیه ("Qarārdād-e Amasiyeh"); Amasya Antlaşması) was a treaty agreed to on May 29, 1555 between Shah Tahmasp of Safavid Iran and Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire at the city of Amasya, following the Ottoman–Safavid War of 1532–1555.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Peace of Amasya · See more »
Peoples of the Caucasus
This article deals with the various ethnic groups inhabiting the Caucasus region.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Peoples of the Caucasus · See more »
President of Russia
The President of the Russian Federation (Prezident Rossiyskoy Federatsii) is the elected head of state of the Russian Federation, as well as holder of the highest office in Russia and commander-in-chief of the Russian Armed Forces.
New!!: Circassian genocide and President of Russia · See more »
Pyotr Nikolayevich Gruzinsky
Prince Pyotr Nikolayevich Gruzinsky (პეტრე ნიკოლოზის ძე გრუზინსკი; Пётр Николаевич Грузинский; literally "Peter of Georgia"; 1837–1892) was a Georgian royal prince (batonishvili) from the House of Mukhrani of the royal Bagrationi dynasty.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Pyotr Nikolayevich Gruzinsky · See more »
Qajar dynasty
The Qajar dynasty (سلسله قاجار; also Romanised as Ghajar, Kadjar, Qachar etc.; script Qacarlar) was an IranianAbbas Amanat, The Pivot of the Universe: Nasir Al-Din Shah Qajar and the Iranian Monarchy, 1831–1896, I. B. Tauris, pp 2–3 royal dynasty of Turkic origin,Cyrus Ghani.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Qajar dynasty · See more »
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) is a broadcasting organization that broadcasts and reports news, information, and analysis to countries in Eastern Europe, Central Asia and the Middle East where it says that "the free flow of information is either banned by government authorities or not fully developed".
New!!: Circassian genocide and Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty · See more »
Raids
Raids is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Raids · See more »
Resistance movement
A resistance movement is an organized effort by some portion of the civil population of a country to withstand the legally established government or an occupying power and to disrupt civil order and stability.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Resistance movement · See more »
Rumelia
Rumelia (روم ايلى, Rūm-ėli; Rumeli), also known as Turkey in Europe, was a historical term describing the area in southeastern Europe that was administered by the Ottoman Empire, mainly the Balkan Peninsula.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Rumelia · See more »
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire (Российская Империя) or Russia was an empire that existed across Eurasia and North America from 1721, following the end of the Great Northern War, until the Republic was proclaimed by the Provisional Government that took power after the February Revolution of 1917.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Russian Empire · See more »
Russo-Circassian War
The Russo-Circassian War (1763–1864) involved a series of battles and wars in Circassia, the northwestern part of the Caucasus, in the course of the Russian Empire's conquest of the Caucasus.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Russo-Circassian War · See more »
Russo-Georgian War
The Russo-Georgian War was a war between Georgia, Russia and the Russian-backed self-proclaimed republics of South Ossetia and Abkhazia.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Russo-Georgian War · See more »
Russo-Persian War (1804–13)
The 1804–1813 Russo-Persian War, was one of the many wars between the Persian Empire and Imperial Russia, and began like many of their wars as a territorial dispute.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Russo-Persian War (1804–13) · See more »
Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)
The Russo-Persian War of 1826–28 was the last major military conflict between the Russian Empire and Iran.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Russo-Persian War (1826–1828) · See more »
Russo-Persian Wars
The Russo-Persian Wars or Russo-Iranian Wars were a series of wars fought between the Russian Empire and the Persian Empire between the 17th and 19th centuries.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Russo-Persian Wars · See more »
Rutgers University Press
Rutgers University Press is a nonprofit academic publishing house, operating in New Brunswick, New Jersey under the auspices of Rutgers University.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Rutgers University Press · See more »
Shamil, 3rd Imam of Dagestan
Imam Shamil (also spelled Shamyl, Schamil, Schamyl or Shameel; Шейх Шамил; Şeyh Şamil; Имам Шамиль; الشيخ شامل) (pronounced "Shaamil") (26 June 1797 – 4 February 1871) was the political, military, and spiritual leader of Caucasian resistance to Imperial Russia in the 1800s, as well as the third Imam of the Caucasian Imamate (1840–1859).
New!!: Circassian genocide and Shamil, 3rd Imam of Dagestan · See more »
Shapsugs
The Shapsug (шапсыгъ, шапсуги, Şapsığlar, الشابسوغ, שפסוגים), also known as the Shapsugh or "Shapsogh", are one of the twelve tribes of the Circassian people.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Shapsugs · See more »
Sochi
Sochi (a) is a city in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the Black Sea coast near the border between Georgia/Abkhazia and Russia.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Sochi · See more »
Syria
Syria (سوريا), officially known as the Syrian Arab Republic (الجمهورية العربية السورية), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Syria · See more »
T. E. Lawrence
Colonel Thomas Edward Lawrence, (16 August 1888 – 19 May 1935) was a British archaeologist, military officer, diplomat, and writer.
New!!: Circassian genocide and T. E. Lawrence · See more »
The New York Times
The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.
New!!: Circassian genocide and The New York Times · See more »
The Scotsman
The Scotsman is a Scottish compact newspaper and daily news website headquartered in Edinburgh.
New!!: Circassian genocide and The Scotsman · See more »
The Times
The Times is a British daily (Monday to Saturday) national newspaper based in London, England.
New!!: Circassian genocide and The Times · See more »
Treaty of Adrianople (1829)
The Treaty of Adrianople (also called the Treaty of Edirne) concluded the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–29, between Russia and the Ottoman Empire.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Treaty of Adrianople (1829) · See more »
Treaty of Georgievsk
The Treaty of Georgievsk (Георгиевский трактат, Georgievskiy traktat; გეორგიევსკის ტრაქტატი, georgievskis trakt'at'i) was a bilateral treaty concluded between the Russian Empire and the east Georgian kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti on July 24, 1783.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Treaty of Georgievsk · See more »
Treaty of Gulistan
The Treaty of Gulistan (Гюлистанский договор; عهدنامه گلستان) was a peace treaty concluded between Imperial Russia and Persia (modern day Iran) on 24 October 1813 in the village of Gulistan (in modern-day Goranboy Rayon of Azerbaijan) as a result of the first full-scale Russo-Persian War, lasting from 1804 to 1813.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Treaty of Gulistan · See more »
Treaty of Paris (1856)
The Treaty of Paris of 1856 settled the Crimean War between the Russian Empire and an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, the British Empire, the Second French Empire and the Kingdom of Sardinia.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Treaty of Paris (1856) · See more »
Tsarist autocracy
Tsarist autocracy (царское самодержавие, transcr. tsarskoye samoderzhaviye) is a form of autocracy (later absolute monarchy) specific to the Grand Duchy of Moscow, which later became Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Tsarist autocracy · See more »
Tuapse
Tuapse (Туапсе́; Тӏуапсэ) is a town in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, situated on the northeast shore of the Black Sea, south of Gelendzhik and north of Sochi.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Tuapse · See more »
Turkey
Turkey (Türkiye), officially the Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Turkey · See more »
Turkish nationalism
Turkish nationalism is a political ideology that promotes and glorifies the Turkish people, as either a national, ethnic, or linguistic group.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Turkish nationalism · See more »
Ubykh language
Ubykh, or Ubyx, is an extinct Northwest Caucasian language once spoken by the Ubykh people (who originally lived along the eastern coast of the Black Sea before migrating en masse to Turkey in the 1860s).
New!!: Circassian genocide and Ubykh language · See more »
Ubykh people
The Ubykh (Ubykh Circassian: пэху, туахы (tʷaχə), убых; убыхи; Ubıhlar, Vubıhlar) are one of the twelve Adyghe (Circassian) tribes, representing one of the twelve stars on the green-and-gold Adyghe flag.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Ubykh people · See more »
University of California, Berkeley
The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public research university in Berkeley, California.
New!!: Circassian genocide and University of California, Berkeley · See more »
University of Southern California
The University of Southern California (USC or SC) is a private research university in Los Angeles, California.
New!!: Circassian genocide and University of Southern California · See more »
Varna
Varna (Варна, Varna) is the third-largest city in Bulgaria and the largest city and seaside resort on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Varna · See more »
Vidin
Vidin (Видин) is a port town on the southern bank of the Danube in north-western Bulgaria.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Vidin · See more »
Vladikavkaz
Vladikavkaz (p, lit. ruler of the Caucasus; translit, lit. Dzaug's settlement), formerly known as Ordzhonikidze (Орджоники́дзе) and Dzaudzhikau (Дзауджика́у), is the capital city of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Russia.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Vladikavkaz · See more »
Western Caucasus
The Western Caucasus is a western region of the Caucasus in Southern Russia, extending from the Black Sea to Mount Elbrus.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Western Caucasus · See more »
Young Turks
Young Turks (Jön Türkler, from Les Jeunes Turcs) was a Turkish nationalist party in the early 20th century that consisted of Ottoman exiles, students, civil servants, and army officers.
New!!: Circassian genocide and Young Turks · See more »
Redirects here:
Circassian Genocide, Circassian ethnic cleansing, Circassian exilation, Deportation of Circassians, Ethnic Cleansing of Circassians, Ethnic cleansing of Circassians, Ethnic cleansing of the Circassians, Expulsion of the Circassians, Genocide and Deportation of Circassians, Genocide and deportation of Circassians, Muhajir (Caucasus), Muhajir Caucasian, Muhajirism (Caucasus).
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circassian_genocide
