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European Space Agency

Index European Space Agency

The European Space Agency (ESA; Agence spatiale européenne, ASE; Europäische Weltraumorganisation) is an intergovernmental organisation of 22 member states dedicated to the exploration of space. [1]

229 relations: Agencies of the European Union, Airbus, Alenia Aeronautica, Alexander Gerst, André Kuipers, Andreas Mogensen, Ariane 1, Ariane 2, Ariane 3, Ariane 4, Ariane 5, Ariane 6, Arianespace, Austrian Space Agency, Automated Transfer Vehicle, Évry, Essonne, Île-de-France, Baikonur Cosmodrome, Belgian Federal Science Policy Office, BepiColombo, Budget of the European Union, Business Finland, Canadian dollar, Canadian Space Agency, Cassini–Huygens, Chandrayaan programme, Chandrayaan-1, China National Space Administration, Christer Fuglesang, Claude Nicollier, CNES, Cologne, Columbus (ISS module), Columbus Man-Tended Free Flyer, Commercial Orbital Transportation Services, Community of Madrid, Competition (economics), Copernicus Programme, CoRoT, Cos-B, Cosmic Vision, CSTS, Cupola (ISS module), Cygnus (spacecraft), Cyprus Mail, Czech Space Office, Czechoslovakia, Darmstadt, De facto, Diena, ..., Director General of the European Space Agency, Double Star (satellite), Dream Chaser, DTU Space, East Germany, Eastern Bloc, Edoardo Amaldi, Enhanced cooperation, Enterprise Ireland, ESA Centre for Earth Observation, Estonian Space Office, ESTRACK, Euro, Europa (Web portal), European Astronaut Centre, European Astronaut Corps, European Centre for Space Applications and Telecommunications, European Commission, European Council, European Data Relay System, European integration, European Launcher Development Organisation, European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites, European Parliament, European Programme for Life and Physical Sciences in Space, European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Operations Centre, European Space Research and Technology Centre, European Space Research Organisation, European Union, European Union Satellite Centre, Eurospace, ExoMars, Exoplanet, Flightglobal, France, Frank De Winne, Frascati, French Guiana, Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Galileo (satellite navigation), Gamma-ray astronomy, Geostationary transfer orbit, Gerhard Thiele, German Aerospace Center, Germany, Giotto (spacecraft), Guiana Space Centre, H-II Transfer Vehicle, Halley's Comet, Hans Schlegel, Harrie Massey, Harvard University Press, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres, Hermes (spacecraft), Hipparcos, Hopper (spacecraft), Hubble Space Telescope, Human spaceflight, Hungarian Space Office, Huygens (spacecraft), Indian Space Research Organisation, Infrared Space Observatory, Institute for Space Applications and Remote Sensing, Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, INTEGRAL, Intergovernmental organization, Interkosmos, International Space Station, International Space Station program, International Ultraviolet Explorer, Israel Space Agency, Italian Space Agency, Italy, James Webb Space Telescope, JAXA, Jean-François Clervoy, Jean-Jacques Dordain, Jean-Loup Chrétien, Johann-Dietrich Wörner, Jules Verne ATV, Kliper, Kourou, Laser Interferometer Space Antenna, Latitude, Léopold Eyharts, Liquid-propellant rocket, List of European Space Agency programs and missions, List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe, Lithuanian Space Association, Living Planet Programme, Low Earth orbit, Luca Parmitano, Luxinnovation, Madrid, Mars Express, Mars sample return mission, Member of the European Parliament, Mercury (planet), Michel Tognini, Ministry of Science and Education (Croatia), Ministry of Transport (Czech Republic), Mir, Mirosław Hermaszewski, Multistage rocket, NASA, Nation, Netherlands, Netherlands Space Office, Noordwijk, Norwegian Space Centre, Orion (spacecraft), Outline of space science, Oxfordshire, Paolo Nespoli, Paris, Payload, Pedro Duque, Philippe Perrin, Pierre Victor Auger, Polar orbit, Poles, Progress (spacecraft), Reinhold Ewald, RIA Novosti, Roberto Vittori, Romanian Space Agency, Roscosmos, Rotational speed, Salyut 7, Samantha Cristoforetti, Shandong, Sierra Nevada Corporation, Sigmund Jähn, SMART-1, Solar and Heliospheric Observatory, Soviet space program, Soviet Union, Soyuz (spacecraft), Soyuz-2, Space exploration, Space Launch System, Space policy of the European Union, Space Research and Technology Institute, Space Shuttle, Spacelab, Spaceport, SpaceX Dragon, Spain, Sputnik crisis, State Space Agency of Ukraine, STS-122, STS-9, Swedish National Space Agency, Swiss Space Office, TÜBİTAK Space Technologies Research Institute, The Observer, Thomas Pesquet, Thomas Reiter, Tim Peake, Titan (moon), Turkey, UK Space Agency, Ulf Merbold, Ulysses (spacecraft), Umberto Guidoni, United Kingdom, United States Armed Forces, Vega (rocket), Venus Express, Villanueva de la Cañada, Vladimír Remek, Western Bloc, Western Europe, World War II, Yantai, Yuri Gagarin, 26P/Grigg–Skjellerup. Expand index (179 more) »

Agencies of the European Union

An agency of the European Union is a decentralised body of the European Union (EU), which is distinct from the institutions.

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Airbus

Airbus SE is a European corporation, registered in the Netherlands and trading shares in France, Germany and Spain.

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Alenia Aeronautica

Alenia Aeronautica was an Italian aerospace company.

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Alexander Gerst

Dr.

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André Kuipers

André Kuipers (born 5 October 1958) is a Dutch physician and ESA astronaut.

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Andreas Mogensen

Andreas Enevold Mogensen (born November 2, 1976) is a Danish engineer and astronaut.

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Ariane 1

Ariane 1 was the first rocket in the Ariane family of expendable launch systems.

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Ariane 2

Ariane 2 was a European expendable carrier rocket, which was used for six launches between 1986 and 1989.

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Ariane 3

Ariane 3 was a European expendable carrier rocket, which was used for eleven launches between 1984 and 1989.

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Ariane 4

The Ariane 4 was an expendable launch system, designed by the Centre national d'études spatiales while being manufactured and marketed by its subsidiary Arianespace.

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Ariane 5

Ariane 5 is a European heavy-lift launch vehicle that is part of the Ariane rocket family, an expendable launch system used to deliver payloads into geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) or low Earth orbit (LEO).

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Ariane 6

Ariane 6 is a launch vehicle under development by the European Space Agency (ESA), with a first test flight scheduled for 2020.

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Arianespace

Arianespace SA is a multinational company founded in 1980 as the world's first commercial launch service provider.

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Austrian Space Agency

The Austrian Space Agency, since 2005 officially Aeronautics and Space Agency (German: Agentur für Luft- und Raumfahrt) is an organization whose purpose is to coordinate Austrian space exploration-related activities, both national programs and European Space Agency related programs.

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Automated Transfer Vehicle

The Automated Transfer Vehicle, originally Ariane Transfer Vehicle or ATV, was an expendable cargo spacecraft developed by the European Space Agency (ESA).

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Évry, Essonne

Évry is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France, prefecture of the department of Essonne.

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Île-de-France

Île-de-France ("Island of France"), also known as the région parisienne ("Parisian Region"), is one of the 18 regions of France and includes the city of Paris.

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Baikonur Cosmodrome

Baikonur Cosmodrome (translit; translit) is a spaceport located in an area of southern Kazakhstan leased to Russia.

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Belgian Federal Science Policy Office

The Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (Federaal Wetenschapsbeleid; Politique scientifique fédérale), known by the acronym BELSPO, is the federal government body responsible for research policy in Belgium.

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BepiColombo

BepiColombo is a joint mission of the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) to the planet Mercury.

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Budget of the European Union

The European Union has a budget to pay for policies carried out at European level (such as agriculture, assistance to poorer regions, trans-European networks, research, some overseas development aid) and for its administration, including a parliament, executive branch, and judiciary that are distinct from those of the member states.

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Business Finland

Business Finland is the most important public funding agency for research funding in Finland, and is directed by the Finnish Ministry of Employment and the Economy.

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Canadian dollar

The Canadian dollar (symbol: $; code: CAD; dollar canadien) is the currency of Canada.

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Canadian Space Agency

The Canadian Space Agency (CSA; Agence spatiale canadienne, ASC) was established by the Canadian Space Agency Act which received Royal Assent on May 10, 1990.

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Cassini–Huygens

The Cassini–Huygens mission, commonly called Cassini, was a collaboration between NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Italian Space Agency (ASI) to send a probe to study the planet Saturn and its system, including its rings and natural satellites.

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Chandrayaan programme

The Indian Lunar Exploration Programme (चन्द्रयान Chandrayāna, lit: Moon vehicle), also known as the Chandrayaan programme, is an ongoing series of outer space missions by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).

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Chandrayaan-1

Chandrayaan-1 (lit: Moon vehicle) was India's first lunar probe.

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China National Space Administration

The China National Space Administration (CNSA) is the national space agency of China.

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Christer Fuglesang

Arne Christer Fuglesang (born March 18, 1957 in Stockholm) is a Swedish physicist and an ESA astronaut.

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Claude Nicollier

Claude Nicollier (born 2 September 1944 in Vevey, Switzerland) is the first astronaut from Switzerland.

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CNES

The Centre national d'études spatiales (CNES) (English: National Centre for Space Studies) is the French government space agency (administratively, a "public administration with industrial and commercial purpose").

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Cologne

Cologne (Köln,, Kölle) is the largest city in the German federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the fourth most populated city in Germany (after Berlin, Hamburg, and Munich).

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Columbus (ISS module)

Columbus is a science laboratory that is part of the International Space Station (ISS) and is the largest single contribution to the ISS made by the European Space Agency (ESA).

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Columbus Man-Tended Free Flyer

The Columbus Man-Tended Free Flyer (MTFF) was a European Space Agency (ESA) program to develop a space station that could be used for a variety of microgravity experiments while serving ESA's needs for an autonomous manned space platform.

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Commercial Orbital Transportation Services

Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) was a NASA program to coordinate the delivery of crew and cargo to the International Space Station by private companies.

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Community of Madrid

The Community of Madrid (Comunidad de Madrid) is one of the seventeen autonomous communities of Spain.

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Competition (economics)

In economics, competition is a condition where different economic firmsThis article follows the general economic convention of referring to all actors as firms; examples in include individuals and brands or divisions within the same (legal) firm.

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Copernicus Programme

Copernicus is the world's largest single earth observation programme and is directed by the European Commission in partnership with the European Space Agency (ESA).

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CoRoT

CoRoT (French: Convection, Rotation et Transits planétaires; English: Convection, Rotation and planetary Transits) was a space observatory mission which operated from 2006 to 2013.

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Cos-B

COS-B was the first European Space Research Organisation mission to study cosmic gamma ray sources.

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Cosmic Vision

Cosmic Vision (also known as Cosmic Vision 2015–2025) is a European Space Agency (ESA) long-term space science missions programme spanning between years 2015 and 2025, a successor to the Horizon 2000 long-term scientific programme.

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CSTS

CSTS (Crew Space Transportation System) or ACTS (Advanced Crew Transportation System) is a human spaceflight system proposal.

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Cupola (ISS module)

The Cupola is an ESA-built observatory module of the International Space Station (ISS).

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Cygnus (spacecraft)

The Cygnus spacecraft is an American automated cargo spacecraft developed by Orbital ATK as part of NASA's Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) developmental program.

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Cyprus Mail

Cyprus Mail is the only English-language daily newspaper published in Cyprus.

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Czech Space Office

The Czech Space Office, CSO (Česká kosmická kancelář) is the central contact point for the coordination of pure space science related activities in the Czech Republic.

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Czechoslovakia

Czechoslovakia, or Czecho-Slovakia (Czech and Československo, Česko-Slovensko), was a sovereign state in Central Europe that existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until its peaceful dissolution into the:Czech Republic and:Slovakia on 1 January 1993.

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Darmstadt

Darmstadt is a city in the state of Hesse in Germany, located in the southern part of the Rhine-Main-Area (Frankfurt Metropolitan Region).

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De facto

In law and government, de facto (or;, "in fact") describes practices that exist in reality, even if not legally recognised by official laws.

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Diena

Diena (The Day) is a Latvian language national daily newspaper in Latvia, published since 23 November 1990.

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Director General of the European Space Agency

The Director General of the European Space Agency is the highest-ranked official of the European Space Agency (ESA), a space agency formed by the collaboration of prominent European nations.

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Double Star (satellite)

Double Star is a joint satellite based space mission by the China National Space Administration (CNSA) and the European Space Agency (ESA).

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Dream Chaser

The Dream Chaser Cargo System is an American reusable lifting-body spaceplane being developed by Sierra Nevada Corporation (SNC) Space Systems.

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DTU Space

DTU Space (formally: National Space Institute, Institut for Rumforskning og Rumteknologi) is a Danish sector research Institute and a part of the Technical University of Denmark.

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East Germany

East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik, DDR), existed from 1949 to 1990 and covers the period when the eastern portion of Germany existed as a state that was part of the Eastern Bloc during the Cold War period.

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Eastern Bloc

The Eastern Bloc was the group of socialist states of Central and Eastern Europe, generally the Soviet Union and the countries of the Warsaw Pact.

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Edoardo Amaldi

Edoardo Amaldi (5 September 1908 – 5 December 1989) was an Italian physicist.

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Enhanced cooperation

In the European Union (EU), enhanced cooperation is a procedure where a minimum of nine EU member states are allowed to establish advanced integration or cooperation in an area within EU structures but without the other members being involved.

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Enterprise Ireland

Enterprise Ireland is an Irish state economic development agency focused on helping Irish-owned business deliver new export sales.

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ESA Centre for Earth Observation

The ESA Centre for Earth Observation (also known as the European Space Research Institute or ESRIN) is a research centre belonging to the European Space Agency (ESA), located in Frascati, Italy.

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Estonian Space Office

The Estonian Space Office (ESO; Eesti Kosmosebüroo) is the unit established within by the Government of Estonia to facilitate membership in the European Space Agency and related commercial and research ties.

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ESTRACK

The European Space Operations Centre (ESOC) operates a number of ground-based space-tracking stations for the European Space Agency (ESA) known as the European Space Tracking (ESTRACK) network.

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Euro

The euro (sign: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of the European Union.

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Europa (Web portal)

Europa is the official web portal of the European Union (EU), providing information on how the EU works, related news, events, publications and links to websites of institutions, agencies and other bodies.

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European Astronaut Centre

The European Astronaut Centre (EAC) (German: Europäisches Astronautenzentrum, French: Centre des astronautes européens), is a centre of the European Space Agency and home of the European Astronaut Corps.

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European Astronaut Corps

The European Astronaut Corps is a unit of the European Space Agency (ESA) that selects, trains, and provides astronauts as crew members on U.S. and Russian space missions.

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European Centre for Space Applications and Telecommunications

The European Centre for Space Applications and Telecommunications or ECSAT is a research center belonging to the European Space Agency (ESA) and located in the Harwell Science and Innovation Campus in Oxfordshire, United Kingdom.

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European Commission

The European Commission (EC) is an institution of the European Union, responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the EU treaties and managing the day-to-day business of the EU.

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European Council

The European Council, charged with defining the European Union's (EU) overall political direction and priorities, is the institution of the EU that comprises the heads of state or government of the member states, along with the President of the European Council and the President of the European Commission.

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European Data Relay System

The European Data Relay System (EDRS) system is a European constellation of state of the art GEO satellites that relay information and data between satellites, spacecraft, UAVs, and ground stations.

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European integration

European integration is the process of industrial, political, legal, economic, social and cultural integration of states wholly or partially in Europe.

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European Launcher Development Organisation

Europa II Rolls-Royce''RZ-12'' ''Coralie'' ''Astris'' The European Launcher Development Organisation (ELDO) is a former European space research organization.

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European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites

The European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) is an intergovernmental organisation created through an international convention agreed by a current total of 30 European Member States: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, and the United Kingdom.

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European Parliament

The European Parliament (EP) is the directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union (EU).

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European Programme for Life and Physical Sciences in Space

ELIPS - European Programme for Life and Physical Sciences in Space and applications utilising the International Space Station started in 2001 and was intended to cover the activities for the following 5 years.

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European Space Astronomy Centre

The European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC) is the ESA's centre for space science (astronomy, solar system exploration and fundamental physics).

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European Space Operations Centre

The European Space Operations Centre (ESOC) serves as the main mission control centre for the European Space Agency (ESA) and is located in Darmstadt, Germany.

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European Space Research and Technology Centre

The European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC) is the European Space Agency's main technology development and test centre for spacecraft and space technology.

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European Space Research Organisation

The European Space Research Organisation (ESRO) was an international organisation founded by 10 European nations with the intention of jointly pursuing scientific research in space.

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European Union

The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of EUnum member states that are located primarily in Europe.

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European Union Satellite Centre

The European Union Satellite Centre (EU SatCen; previously EUSC) is the agency of the European Union (EU) that supports the EU's decision-making in the field of the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP), including crisis management missions and operations, by providing products and services resulting from the exploitation of relevant space assets and collateral data, including satellite and aerial imagery, and related services.

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Eurospace

Eurospace is a non-profit organisation created in 1961 and incorporated under French law.

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ExoMars

ExoMars (Exobiology on Mars) is a two-part astrobiology project to search for evidence of life on Mars, a joint mission of the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Russian space agency Roscosmos.

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Exoplanet

An exoplanet or extrasolar planet is a planet outside our solar system.

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Flightglobal

Flightglobal is an online news and information website which covers the aviation and aerospace industries.

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France

France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.

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Frank De Winne

Frank, Viscount De Winne (born 25 April 1961, in Ledeberg, Belgium) is a Belgian Air Component officer and an ESA astronaut.

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Frascati

Frascati is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Rome in the Lazio region of central Italy.

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French Guiana

French Guiana (pronounced or, Guyane), officially called Guiana (Guyane), is an overseas department and region of France, on the north Atlantic coast of South America in the Guyanas.

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Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia

The Foundation for Science and Technology (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia), FCT, is an organization within the Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior in Portugal which evaluates and funds scientific research activities, in particular in the areas of natural sciences, exact sciences, social sciences and humanities.

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Galileo (satellite navigation)

Galileo is the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) that is being created by the European Union (EU) through the European Space Agency (ESA), headquartered in Prague in the Czech Republic, with two ground operations centres, Oberpfaffenhofen near Munich in Germany and Fucino in Italy.

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Gamma-ray astronomy

Gamma-ray astronomy is the astronomical observation of gamma rays,Astronomical literature generally hyphenates "gamma-ray" when used as an adjective, but uses "gamma ray" without a hyphen for the noun.

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Geostationary transfer orbit

A geosynchronous transfer orbit or geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) is a Hohmann transfer orbit—an elliptical orbit used to transfer between two circular orbits of different radii in the same plane—used to reach geosynchronous or geostationary orbit using high-thrust chemical engines.

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Gerhard Thiele

Dr.

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German Aerospace Center

The German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V.), abbreviated DLR, is the national center for aerospace, energy and transportation research of the Federal Republic of Germany.

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Germany

Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.

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Giotto (spacecraft)

Giotto was a European robotic spacecraft mission from the European Space Agency.

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Guiana Space Centre

The Guiana Space Centre or, more commonly, Centre Spatial Guyanais (CSG) is a French and European spaceport to the northwest of Kourou in French Guiana.

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H-II Transfer Vehicle

The H-II Transfer Vehicle (HTV), also called, is an automated cargo spacecraft used to resupply the ''Kibō'' Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) and the International Space Station (ISS).

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Halley's Comet

Halley's Comet or Comet Halley, officially designated 1P/Halley, is a short-period comet visible from Earth every 74–79 years.

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Hans Schlegel

Hans Wilhelm Schlegel (Überlingen, 3 August 1951) is a German physicist, an ESA astronaut, and a veteran of two NASA Space Shuttle missions.

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Harrie Massey

Sir Harrie Stewart Wilson Massey (16 May 1908 – 27 November 1983) was an Australian mathematical physicist who worked primarily in the fields of atomic and atmospheric physics.

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Harvard University Press

Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing.

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Harwell Science and Innovation Campus

The Harwell Science and Innovation Campus is a science and technology campus near the villages of Harwell and Chilton, Oxfordshire, England.

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Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres

The Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres (Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren) is the largest scientific organisation in Germany.

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Hermes (spacecraft)

Hermes was a proposed spaceplane designed by the French Centre National d'Études Spatiales (CNES) in 1975, and later by the European Space Agency (ESA).

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Hipparcos

Hipparcos was a scientific satellite of the European Space Agency (ESA), launched in 1989 and operated until 1993.

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Hopper (spacecraft)

Hopper was a proposed European Space Agency (ESA) orbital spaceplane and reusable launch vehicle.

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Hubble Space Telescope

The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is a space telescope that was launched into low Earth orbit in 1990 and remains in operation.

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Human spaceflight

Human spaceflight (also referred to as crewed spaceflight or manned spaceflight) is space travel with a crew or passengers aboard the spacecraft.

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Hungarian Space Office

The Hungarian Space Office (HSO; Magyar Űrkutatási Iroda) is the Government of Hungary agency responsible for the civilian space program as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.

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Huygens (spacecraft)

Huygens was an atmospheric entry probe that landed successfully on Saturn's moon Titan in 2005.

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Indian Space Research Organisation

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is the space agency of the Government of India headquartered in the city of Bangalore.

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Infrared Space Observatory

The Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) was a space telescope for infrared light designed and operated by the European Space Agency (ESA), in cooperation with ISAS (part of JAXA as of 2003) and NASA.

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Institute for Space Applications and Remote Sensing

The Institute for Space Applications and Remote Sensing (ISARS/NOA) (Ινστιτούτο Διαστημικών Εφαρμογών και Τηλεπισκόπησης) was a research institute in Greece with expertise in multidisciplinary space and environmental sciences.

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Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial

The Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA, National Institute of Aerospace Technology) is Spain's space agency.

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INTEGRAL

INTErnational Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL) is a currently operational space telescope for observing gamma rays.

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Intergovernmental organization

An intergovernmental organization or international governmental organisation (IGO) is an organization composed primarily of sovereign states (referred to as member states), or of other intergovernmental organizations.

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Interkosmos

Interkosmos (Интеркосмос) was a Soviet space program, designed to help the Soviet Union's allies with crewed and uncrewed space missions.

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International Space Station

The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit.

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International Space Station program

The International Space Station program is tied together by a complex set of legal, political and financial agreements between the fifteen nations involved in the project, governing ownership of the various components, rights to crewing and utilization, and responsibilities for crew rotation and station resupply.

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International Ultraviolet Explorer

The International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) was an astronomical observatory satellite primarily designed to take ultraviolet spectra.

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Israel Space Agency

The Israel Space Agency (ISA; סוכנות החלל הישראלית, Sochnut HaChalal HaYisraelit) is a governmental body, a part of Israel's Ministry of Science and Technology, that coordinates all Israeli space research programs with scientific and commercial goals.

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Italian Space Agency

The Italian Space Agency (Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; ASI) is a government agency established in 1988 to fund, regulate and coordinate space exploration activities in Italy.

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Italy

Italy (Italia), officially the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), is a sovereign state in Europe.

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James Webb Space Telescope

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a space telescope developed in collaboration between NASA, the European Space Agency, and the Canadian Space Agency that will be the scientific successor to the Hubble Space Telescope.

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JAXA

The is the Japanese national aerospace and space agency.

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Jean-François Clervoy

Jean-François André Clervoy (born 19 November 1958) is a French engineer and a CNES and ESA astronaut.

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Jean-Jacques Dordain

Jean-Jacques Dordain (born April 14, 1946) was Director General of the European Space Agency between 2003 and 2015.

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Jean-Loup Chrétien

Jean-Loup Jacques Marie Chrétien (born 20 August 1938) is a French retired Général de Brigade (brigadier general) in the Armée de l'Air (French air force), and a former CNES spationaut.

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Johann-Dietrich Wörner

Johann-Dietrich "Jan" Wörner, born 18 July 1954 in Kassel, is a German civil engineer, university professor and former president of Technische Universität Darmstadt.

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Jules Verne ATV

The Jules Verne ATV, or Automated Transfer Vehicle 001 (ATV-001), was an unmanned cargo resupply spacecraft launched by the European Space Agency (ESA).

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Kliper

Kliper (Клипер, English: Clipper) was an early-2000s proposed partly- reusable manned spacecraft concept by RSC Energia.

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Kourou

Kourou is a commune in French Guiana, an overseas region and department of France located in South America.

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Laser Interferometer Space Antenna

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is a European Space Agency mission designed to detect and accurately measure gravitational waves—tiny ripples in the fabric of space-time—from astronomical sources.

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Latitude

In geography, latitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the north–south position of a point on the Earth's surface.

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Léopold Eyharts

Léopold Eyharts (born April 28, 1957) is a French Brigadier General in the French Air Force, an engineer and ESA astronaut.

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Liquid-propellant rocket

A liquid-propellant rocket or liquid rocket is a rocket engine that uses liquid propellants.

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List of European Space Agency programs and missions

The European Space Agency (ESA) operates a number of missions, both operational and scientific, including collaborations with other national space administrations such as the Japanese JAXA, the French CNES, the American NASA, and the Chinese CNSA.

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List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe

The list below includes all entities falling even partially under any of the various common definitions of Europe, geographical or political.

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Lithuanian Space Association

The Lithuanian Space Association or LSA (Lietuvos kosmoso asociacija or LKA) is a space organisation based in Vilnius, Lithuania.

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Living Planet Programme

The Living Planet Programme (LPP) is a programme within the European Space Agency which is managed by the Earth Observation Programmes Directorate.

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Low Earth orbit

A low Earth orbit (LEO) is an orbit around Earth with an altitude of or less, and with an orbital period of between about 84 and 127 minutes.

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Luca Parmitano

Luca Parmitano (born 27 September 1976 in Paternò, Sicily) is an Italian engineer and astronaut in the European Astronaut Corps for the European Space Agency (ESA).

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Luxinnovation

Luxinnovation is an organisation that contributes to the economic development of Luxembourg by fostering innovation, fuelling international growth and attracting foreign direct investment.

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Madrid

Madrid is the capital of Spain and the largest municipality in both the Community of Madrid and Spain as a whole.

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Mars Express

Mars Express is a space exploration mission being conducted by the European Space Agency (ESA).

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Mars sample return mission

A Mars sample return mission (MSR) would be a spaceflight mission to collect rock and dust samples from Mars and to return them to Earth.

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Member of the European Parliament

A Member of the European Parliament (MEP) is a person who has been elected to serve as a popular representative in the European Parliament.

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Mercury (planet)

Mercury is the smallest and innermost planet in the Solar System.

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Michel Tognini

Michel Ange-Charles Tognini (born September 30, 1949 in Vincennes, France) is a French test pilot, Brigadier General in the French Air Force, and a former CNES and ESA astronaut who serves from 01.01.2005 to 01.11.2011 as Head of the European Astronaut Centre of the European Space Agency.

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Ministry of Science and Education (Croatia)

The Ministry of Science and Education of the Croatia (Ministarstvo znanosti i obrazovanja or MZO) is the ministry in the Government of Croatia which is in charge of primary, secondary and tertiary education, research institutions and sports.

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Ministry of Transport (Czech Republic)

The Ministry of Transport of the Czech Republic is a government ministry, which was established in 1969.

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Mir

Mir (Мир,; lit. peace or world) was a space station that operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001, operated by the Soviet Union and later by Russia.

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Mirosław Hermaszewski

Mirosław Hermaszewski (born September 15, 1941) is a retired Polish Air Force officer and cosmonaut.

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Multistage rocket

A multistage rocket, or step rocket is a launch vehicle that uses two or more rocket stages, each of which contains its own engines and propellant.

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NASA

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.

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Nation

A nation is a stable community of people, formed on the basis of a common language, territory, economic life, ethnicity or psychological make-up manifested in a common culture.

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Netherlands

The Netherlands (Nederland), often referred to as Holland, is a country located mostly in Western Europe with a population of seventeen million.

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Netherlands Space Office

The Netherlands Space Office (NSO) is a space-exploration governmental agency of the Netherlands.

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Noordwijk

Noordwijk is a town and municipality in the west of the Netherlands, in the province of South Holland.

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Norwegian Space Centre

The Norwegian Space Centre (NSC) (Norwegian: Norsk Romsenter) is a Norwegian government agency that promotes space exploration.

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Orion (spacecraft)

The Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle (Orion MPCV) is an American interplanetary spacecraft intended to carry a crew of four astronauts to destinations at or beyond low Earth orbit (LEO).

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Outline of space science

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to space science: Space science encompasses all of the scientific disciplines that involve space exploration and study natural phenomena and physical bodies occurring in outer space, such as space medicine and astrobiology.

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Oxfordshire

Oxfordshire (abbreviated Oxon, from Oxonium, the Latin name for Oxford) is a county in South East England.

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Paolo Nespoli

Paolo Angelo Nespoli (Milan, 6 April 1957) is an Italian astronaut and engineer of the European Space Agency (ESA).

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Paris

Paris is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of and a population of 2,206,488.

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Payload

Payload is the carrying capacity of an aircraft or launch vehicle, usually measured in terms of weight.

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Pedro Duque

Pedro Francisco Duque Duque, OF, OMSE (Madrid, 14 March 1963) is a Spanish astronaut and aeronautics engineer, currently serving as Spain's Minister of Science, Innovation and Universities.

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Philippe Perrin

Philippe Perrin (Colonel, French Air Force) (born January 6, 1963) is a French test pilot and former CNES and European Space Agency astronaut.

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Pierre Victor Auger

Pierre Victor Auger (14 May 1899 – 25 December 1993) was a French physicist, born in Paris.

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Polar orbit

A polar orbit is one in which a satellite passes above or nearly above both poles of the body being orbited (usually a planet such as the Earth, but possibly another body such as the Moon or Sun) on each revolution.

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Poles

The Poles (Polacy,; singular masculine: Polak, singular feminine: Polka), commonly referred to as the Polish people, are a nation and West Slavic ethnic group native to Poland in Central Europe who share a common ancestry, culture, history and are native speakers of the Polish language.

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Progress (spacecraft)

The Progress (Прогресс) is a Russian expendable cargo spacecraft.

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Reinhold Ewald

Dr.

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RIA Novosti

RIA Novosti (РИА Новости), sometimes RIA (РИА) for short, was Russia's international news agency until 2013 and continues to be the name of a state-operated domestic Russian-language news agency.

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Roberto Vittori

Roberto Vittori (born 15 October 1964 in Viterbo) is an Italian air force officer and an ESA astronaut.

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Romanian Space Agency

The Romanian Space Agency (ROSA) is a public institution with extrabudgetary funding which coordinates the national space technology research programs and the space research related activities since 1991.

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Roscosmos

The Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities (Государственная корпорация по космической деятельности «Роскосмос»), commonly known as Roscosmos (Роскосмос), is a state corporation responsible for the space flight and cosmonautics program for the Russian Federation.

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Rotational speed

Rotational speed (or speed of revolution) of an object rotating around an axis is the number of turns of the object divided by time, specified as revolutions per minute (rpm), cycles per second (cps), radians per second (rad/s), etc..

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Salyut 7

Salyut 7 (Салют-7; Salute 7) (a.k.a. DOS-6) was a space station in low Earth orbit from April 1982 to February 1991.

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Samantha Cristoforetti

Samantha Cristoforetti (born 26 April 1977 in Milan) is an Italian European Space Agency astronaut, Italian Air Force pilot and engineer.

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Shandong

Shandong (formerly romanized as Shantung) is a coastal province of the People's Republic of China, and is part of the East China region.

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Sierra Nevada Corporation

Sierra Nevada Corporation (SNC) is an American privately held electronic systems provider and systems integrator specializing in microsatellites, telemedicine, and commercial orbital transportation services.

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Sigmund Jähn

Sigmund Werner Paul Jähn (born 13 February 1937) is a German cosmonaut and pilot, who in 1978 became the first East German (and German native) to fly in space as part of the Soviet Union's Interkosmos programme.

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SMART-1

SMART-1 was a Swedish-designed European Space Agency satellite that orbited around the Moon.

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Solar and Heliospheric Observatory

The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) is a spacecraft built by a European industrial consortium led by Matra Marconi Space (now Astrium) that was launched on a Lockheed Martin Atlas II AS launch vehicle on December 2, 1995, to study the Sun, and has discovered over 3000 comets.

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Soviet space program

The Soviet space program (Russian: Космическая программа СССР, Kosmicheskaya programma SSSR) comprised several of the rocket and space exploration programs conducted by the Soviet Union (USSR) from the 1930s until its collapse in 1991.

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Soviet Union

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.

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Soyuz (spacecraft)

Soyuz is a series of spacecraft designed for the Soviet space program by the Korolev Design Bureau (now RKK Energia) in the 1960s that remains in service today.

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Soyuz-2

Soyuz-2, GRAU index 14A14, is the collective designation for the new version of the Russian Soyuz rocket.

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Space exploration

Space exploration is the discovery and exploration of celestial structures in outer space by means of evolving and growing space technology.

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Space Launch System

The Space Launch System (SLS) is an American Space Shuttle-derived heavy-lift expendable launch vehicle.

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Space policy of the European Union

A formal European Space Policy was established on 22 May 2007 when a joint and concomitant meeting at ministerial level of the Council of the European Union and the Council of the European Space Agency adopted a Resolution on the European Space Policy.

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Space Research and Technology Institute

The Space Research and Technology Institute (Институт за космически изследвания и технологии) of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences is one of the primary research bodies in the field of space science in Bulgaria.

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Space Shuttle

The Space Shuttle was a partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system operated by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), as part of the Space Shuttle program.

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Spacelab

Spacelab was a reusable laboratory used on certain spaceflights flown by the Space Shuttle.

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Spaceport

A spaceport or cosmodrome is a site for launching (or receiving) spacecraft, by analogy to seaport for ships or airport for aircraft.

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SpaceX Dragon

Dragon is a reusable spacecraft developed by SpaceX, an American private space transportation company based in Hawthorne, California.

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Spain

Spain (España), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España), is a sovereign state mostly located on the Iberian Peninsula in Europe.

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Sputnik crisis

The Sputnik crisis was a period of public fear and anxiety in Western nations about the perceived technological gap between the United States and Soviet Union caused by the Soviets' launch of Sputnik 1, the world's first artificial satellite.

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State Space Agency of Ukraine

The State Space Agency of Ukraine (SSAU; Державне космічне агентство України, Derzhavne kosmichne ahentstvo Ukrayiny, ДКАУ, DKAU) is the Ukrainian government agency responsible for space policy and programs.

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STS-122

STS-122 was a NASA Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS), flown by the Space Shuttle ''Atlantis''.

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STS-9

STS-9 (also referred to as STS-41A and Spacelab 1) was the ninth NASA Space Shuttle mission and the sixth mission of the Space Shuttle ''Columbia''.

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Swedish National Space Agency

The Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA, Rymdstyrelsen) is a Government agency in Sweden operating under the Swedish Ministry of Education and Science.

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Swiss Space Office

The Swiss Space Office (SSO) is the national space program of Switzerland.

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TÜBİTAK Space Technologies Research Institute

TÜBİTAK Space Technologies Research Institute (TÜBİTAK Uzay Teknolojileri Araştırma Enstitüsü), TÜBİTAK UZAY for short, is a Turkish institution carrying out research and development projects on space technology, electronics, information technology and related fields.

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The Observer

The Observer is a British newspaper published on Sundays.

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Thomas Pesquet

Thomas Gautier Pesquet (born 27 February 1978) is a French aerospace engineer, pilot, and European Space Agency astronaut.

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Thomas Reiter

Thomas Arthur Reiter (born 23 May 1958 in Frankfurt, West Germany) is a retired European astronaut and is a Brigadier General in the German Air Force currently working as ESA Interagency Coordinator and Advisor to the Director General at the European Space Agency (ESA).

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Tim Peake

Major Timothy Nigel Peake (born 7 April 1972) is a British Army Air Corps officer, European Space Agency astronaut and a former International Space Station (ISS) crew member.

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Titan (moon)

Titan is the largest moon of Saturn.

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Turkey

Turkey (Türkiye), officially the Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe.

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UK Space Agency

The United Kingdom Space Agency (commonly known as the UK Space Agency or UKSA) is an executive agency of the Government of the United Kingdom, responsible for the United Kingdom's civil space programme.

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Ulf Merbold

Dr.

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Ulysses (spacecraft)

Ulysses is a decommissioned robotic space probe whose primary mission was to orbit the Sun and study it at all latitudes.

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Umberto Guidoni

Umberto Guidoni (born 18 August 1954 in Rome) is an Italian astrophysicist, science writer and a former ESA astronaut, being the first European to visit the International Space Station.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.

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United States Armed Forces

The United States Armed Forces are the military forces of the United States of America.

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Vega (rocket)

Vega (Vettore Europeo di Generazione Avanzata, meaning "Advanced generation European carrier rocket"), is an expendable launch system in use by Arianespace jointly developed by the Italian Space Agency and the European Space Agency.

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Venus Express

Venus Express (VEX) was the first Venus exploration mission of the European Space Agency (ESA).

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Villanueva de la Cañada

Villanueva de la Cañada is a municipality in the west of the Comunidad de Madrid (España), north-west of the city of Madrid.

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Vladimír Remek

Vladimír Remek (born 26 September 1948) is a Czech politician and diplomat as well as a former cosmonaut and military pilot.

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Western Bloc

The Western Bloc during the Cold War refers to the countries allied with the United States and NATO against the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact.

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Western Europe

Western Europe is the region comprising the western part of Europe.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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Yantai

Yantai, formerly known as Zhifu or Chefoo, is a prefecture-level city on the Bohai Strait in northeastern Shandong Province, China.

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Yuri Gagarin

Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin (p; 9 March 1934 – 27 March 1968) was a Soviet pilot and cosmonaut.

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26P/Grigg–Skjellerup

Comet Grigg–Skjellerup (formally designated 26P/Grigg–Skjellerup) is a periodic comet.

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Redirects here:

Agence spatiale européenne, ESA, ESA Science & Technology, EU Space Program, EU space program, Esa, European space agency, European space programme, Europäische Weltraumorganisation, Irish space program, Scos, Space programme of Europe, The European Space Agency.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Space_Agency

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