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Eusociality

Index Eusociality

Eusociality (from Greek εὖ eu "good" and social), the highest level of organization of animal sociality, is defined by the following characteristics: cooperative brood care (including care of offspring from other individuals), overlapping generations within a colony of adults, and a division of labor into reproductive and non-reproductive groups. [1]

124 relations: Aliphatic compound, Altruism (biology), Ambrosia beetle, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Ancient Greek, Animal, Ant, Ant colony optimization algorithms, Aphid, Apidae, Apis andreniformis, Apis florea, Apoica flavissima, Apoidea, Aromaticity, Arthropod, Asexual reproduction, Austroplatypus incompertus, Bee, Bees algorithm, Beetle, Blattodea, Blesmol, Bombini, Bombus terrestris, Carnivora, Caste, Charles Darwin, Charles Duncan Michener, Chordate, Common dwarf mongoose, Corpus allatum, Crabronidae, Crustacean, Damaraland mole-rat, Decapoda, Dense heterarchy, Drone (bee), E. O. Wilson, Edge Foundation, Inc., Euglossini, Evolutionarily stable strategy, Exocrine gland, Gall, Gall-inducing insect, Gene-centered view of evolution, Group selection, Gyne, Halictidae, Halictinae, ..., Haplodiploidy, Hemiptera, Herbert Gintis, Hominini, Honey bee, Human, Hymenoptera, Inbreeding, Inbreeding avoidance, Inclusive fitness, Infertility, Insect, International Union for the Study of Social Insects, Jurassic, Juvenile hormone, Kin selection, Kladothrips, Kleptoparasitism, Lasioglossum aeneiventre, Mammal, Martin Nowak, Meerkat, Mole-rat, Myrmecocystus mexicanus, Naked mole-rat, Nature (journal), Oecophylla longinoda, Offspring, On the Origin of Species, Oophagy, Oviparity, Parthenogenesis, Patterns of self-organization in ants, Pemphigus spyrothecae, Pheromone, Phlaeothripidae, Ploidy, Polistes, Polistes instabilis, Polistes versicolor, Polistinae, Pollen, Primate, Prosocial behavior, Pupa, Reciprocity (social psychology), Red imported fire ant, Richard Dawkins, Rodent, Royal jelly, Scaptotrigona postica, Science (journal), Shrimp, Social, Sociality, Steven Pinker, Stigmergy, Stingless bee, Synalpheus, Synalpheus regalis, Synoeca surinama, Task allocation and partitioning of social insects, Termite, Tetragonula carbonaria, The Science of Nature, Thrips, Vertebrate, Vespidae, Vespinae, Vespula vulgaris, W. D. Hamilton, Wasp, Weaver ant, Western honey bee. Expand index (74 more) »

Aliphatic compound

In organic chemistry, hydrocarbons (compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen) are divided into two classes: aromatic compounds and aliphatic compounds (G. aleiphar, fat, oil) also known as non-aromatic compounds.

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Altruism (biology)

In biology, altruism refers to behaviour by an individual that increases the fitness of another individual while decreasing the fitness of the actor.

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Ambrosia beetle

Ambrosia beetles are beetles of the weevil subfamilies Scolytinae and Platypodinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), which live in nutritional symbiosis with ambrosia fungi.

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American Association for the Advancement of Science

The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is an American international non-profit organization with the stated goals of promoting cooperation among scientists, defending scientific freedom, encouraging scientific responsibility, and supporting scientific education and science outreach for the betterment of all humanity.

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Ancient Greek

The Ancient Greek language includes the forms of Greek used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around the 9th century BC to the 6th century AD.

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Animal

Animals are multicellular eukaryotic organisms that form the biological kingdom Animalia.

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Ant

Ants are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the order Hymenoptera.

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Ant colony optimization algorithms

In computer science and operations research, the ant colony optimization algorithm (ACO) is a probabilistic technique for solving computational problems which can be reduced to finding good paths through graphs.

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Aphid

Aphids are small sap-sucking insects and members of the superfamily Aphidoidea.

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Apidae

Apidae is the largest family within the superfamily Apoidea, containing at least 5700 species of bees.

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Apis andreniformis

Apis andreniformis, or the black dwarf honey bee, is a relatively rare species of honey bee whose native habitat is the tropical and subtropical regions of Southeast Asia.

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Apis florea

The dwarf honey bee (or red dwarf honey bee), Apis florea, is one of two species of small, wild honey bees of southern and southeastern Asia.

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Apoica flavissima

Apoica flavissima is a paper wasp found primarily in South America.

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Apoidea

The superfamily Apoidea is a major group within the Hymenoptera, which includes two traditionally recognized lineages, the "sphecoid" wasps, and the bees.

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Aromaticity

In organic chemistry, the term aromaticity is used to describe a cyclic (ring-shaped), planar (flat) molecule with a ring of resonance bonds that exhibits more stability than other geometric or connective arrangements with the same set of atoms.

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Arthropod

An arthropod (from Greek ἄρθρον arthron, "joint" and πούς pous, "foot") is an invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton (external skeleton), a segmented body, and paired jointed appendages.

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Asexual reproduction

Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single organism, and inherit the genes of that parent only; it does not involve the fusion of gametes, and almost never changes the number of chromosomes.

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Austroplatypus incompertus

Austroplatypus incompertus is a species of ambrosia beetle belonging to the weevil family, native to Australia, with a verified distribution in New South Wales and Victoria.

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Bee

Bees are flying insects closely related to wasps and ants, known for their role in pollination and, in the case of the best-known bee species, the European honey bee, for producing honey and beeswax.

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Bees algorithm

In computer science and operations research, the bees algorithm is a population-based search algorithm which was developed by Pham, Ghanbarzadeh and et al.

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Beetle

Beetles are a group of insects that form the order Coleoptera, in the superorder Endopterygota.

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Blattodea

Blattodea is an order of insects that contains cockroaches and termites.

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Blesmol

The blesmols, also known as mole-rats, or African mole-rats, are burrowing rodents of the family Bathyergidae.

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Bombini

The Bombini are a tribe of large bristly apid bees which feed on pollen or nectar.

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Bombus terrestris

Bombus terrestris, the buff-tailed bumblebee or large earth bumblebee, is one of the most numerous bumblebee species in Europe.

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Carnivora

Carnivora (from Latin carō (stem carn-) "flesh" and vorāre "to devour") is a diverse scrotiferan order that includes over 280 species of placental mammals.

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Caste

Caste is a form of social stratification characterized by endogamy, hereditary transmission of a lifestyle which often includes an occupation, status in a hierarchy, customary social interaction, and exclusion.

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Charles Darwin

Charles Robert Darwin, (12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution.

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Charles Duncan Michener

Charles Duncan Michener (September 22, 1918 – November 1, 2015) was an American entomologist born in Pasadena, California.

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Chordate

A chordate is an animal belonging to the phylum Chordata; chordates possess a notochord, a hollow dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, an endostyle, and a post-anal tail, for at least some period of their life cycle.

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Common dwarf mongoose

The common dwarf mongoose (Helogale parvula), sometimes just called the dwarf mongoose, is a small African carnivore belonging to the mongoose family (Herpestidae).

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Corpus allatum

In insect physiology, the corpus allatum (plural: corpora allata) is an endocrine gland which generates juvenile hormone; as such, it plays a crucial role in metamorphosis.

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Crabronidae

The Crabronidae are a large paraphyletic group (nominally a family) of wasps, including nearly all of the species formerly comprising the now-defunct superfamily Sphecoidea.

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Crustacean

Crustaceans (Crustacea) form a large, diverse arthropod taxon which includes such familiar animals as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, krill, woodlice, and barnacles.

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Damaraland mole-rat

The Damaraland mole-rat, Damara mole rat, or Damaraland blesmol (Fukomys damarensis) is a burrowing rodent found in southern Africa.

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Decapoda

The Decapoda or decapods (literally "ten-footed") are an order of crustaceans within the class Malacostraca, including many familiar groups, such as crayfish, crabs, lobsters, prawns, and shrimp.

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Dense heterarchy

A dense heterarchy is a hierarchical organization in social insect colonies in which the higher levels affect the lower levels and lower levels eventually influence the higher levels.

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Drone (bee)

A drone is a male bee.

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E. O. Wilson

Edward Osborne Wilson (born June 10, 1929), usually cited as E. O. Wilson, is an American biologist, researcher, theorist, naturalist and author.

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Edge Foundation, Inc.

The Edge Foundation, Inc. is an association of science and technology intellectuals created in 1988 as an outgrowth of The Reality Club.

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Euglossini

The tribe Euglossini, in the subfamily Apinae, commonly known as orchid bees or Euglossine bees, are the only group of corbiculate bees whose non-parasitic members do not all possess eusocial behavior.

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Evolutionarily stable strategy

An evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) is a strategy which, if adopted by a population in a given environment, cannot be invaded by any alternative strategy that is initially rare.

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Exocrine gland

Exocrine glands are glands that produce and secrete substances onto an epithelial surface by way of a duct.

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Gall

Galls or cecidia are a kind of swelling growth on the external tissues of plants or animals.

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Gall-inducing insect

A gall-inducing insect is any insect that can cause the growth of galls within plants.

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Gene-centered view of evolution

The gene-centered view of evolution, gene's eye view, gene selection theory, or selfish gene theory holds that adaptive evolution occurs through the differential survival of competing genes, increasing the allele frequency of those alleles whose phenotypic trait effects successfully promote their own propagation, with gene defined as "not just one single physical bit of DNA all replicas of a particular bit of DNA distributed throughout the world".

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Group selection

Group selection is a proposed mechanism of evolution in which natural selection acts at the level of the group, instead of at the more conventional level of the individual.

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Gyne

The gyne is the primary reproductive female caste of social insects (especially ants, wasps, and bees of order Hymenoptera, as well as termites).

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Halictidae

The Halictidae is the second largest family of Apoidea bees.

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Halictinae

Within the insect order Hymenoptera, the Halictinae are the largest, most diverse, and most recently diverged of the four halictid subfamilies.

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Haplodiploidy

Haplodiploidy is a sex-determination system in which males develop from unfertilized eggs and are haploid, and females develop from fertilized eggs and are diploid.

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Hemiptera

The Hemiptera or true bugs are an order of insects comprising some 50,000 to 80,000 species of groups such as the cicadas, aphids, planthoppers, leafhoppers, and shield bugs.

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Herbert Gintis

Herbert Gintis (born February 11, 1940) is an American economist, behavioral scientist, and educator known for his theoretical contributions to sociobiology, especially altruism, cooperation, epistemic game theory, gene-culture coevolution, efficiency wages, strong reciprocity, and human capital theory.

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Hominini

The Hominini, or hominins, form a taxonomic tribe of the subfamily Homininae ("hominines").

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Honey bee

A honey bee (or honeybee) is any member of the genus Apis, primarily distinguished by the production and storage of honey and the construction of perennial, colonial nests from wax.

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Human

Humans (taxonomically Homo sapiens) are the only extant members of the subtribe Hominina.

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Hymenoptera

Hymenoptera is a large order of insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants.

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Inbreeding

Inbreeding is the production of offspring from the mating or breeding of individuals or organisms that are closely related genetically.

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Inbreeding avoidance

Inbreeding avoidance, or the inbreeding avoidance hypothesis, is a concept in evolutionary biology that refers to the prevention of the deleterious effects of inbreeding.

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Inclusive fitness

In evolutionary biology, inclusive fitness is one of two metrics of evolutionary success as defined by W. D. Hamilton in 1964.

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Infertility

Infertility is the inability of a person, animal or plant to reproduce by natural means.

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Insect

Insects or Insecta (from Latin insectum) are hexapod invertebrates and the largest group within the arthropod phylum.

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International Union for the Study of Social Insects

The International Union for the Study of Social Insects has at its purpose to promote and encourage the study of social insects and other social organisms in the broadest sense.

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Jurassic

The Jurassic (from Jura Mountains) was a geologic period and system that spanned 56 million years from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period Mya.

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Juvenile hormone

Juvenile hormones (JHs) are a group of acyclic sesquiterpenoids that regulate many aspects of insect physiology.

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Kin selection

Kin selection is the evolutionary strategy that favours the reproductive success of an organism's relatives, even at a cost to the organism's own survival and reproduction.

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Kladothrips

Kladothrips is a genus of Australian gall thrips.

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Kleptoparasitism

Kleptoparasitism (literally, parasitism by theft) is a form of feeding in which one animal takes prey or other food from another that has caught, collected, or otherwise prepared the food, including stored food (as in the case of cuckoo bees, which lay their eggs on the pollen masses made by other bees; food resources could also be in the form of hosts of parasitic or parasitoid wasps).

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Lasioglossum aeneiventre

Lasioglossum aeneiventre, also known as Dialictus aeneiventre, is a social sweat beeWcislo, W. T. (1997).

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Mammal

Mammals are the vertebrates within the class Mammalia (from Latin mamma "breast"), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles (including birds) by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands.

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Martin Nowak

Martin Andreas Nowak (born April 7, 1965) is the Professor of Biology and Mathematics and Director of the Program for Evolutionary Dynamics at Harvard University.

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Meerkat

The meerkat or suricate (Suricata suricatta) is a small carnivoran belonging to the mongoose family (Herpestidae).

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Mole-rat

Mole-rat or mole rat refers to several groups of burrowing Old World rodents.

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Myrmecocystus mexicanus

Myrmecocystus mexicanus is a species of ant in the genus Myrmecocystus, which is one of the six genera that bear the common name "honey ant" or "honeypot ant", due to curious behavior where some of the workers will swell with liquid food until they become immobile and hang from the ceilings of nest chambers, acting as living food storage for the colony.

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Naked mole-rat

The naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber), also known as the sand puppy, is a burrowing rodent native to parts of East Africa.

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Nature (journal)

Nature is a British multidisciplinary scientific journal, first published on 4 November 1869.

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Oecophylla longinoda

Oecophylla longinoda (common name weaver ant) is a species of arboreal ant found in the forested regions of tropical Africa.

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Offspring

In biology, offspring are the young born of living organisms, produced either by a single organism or, in the case of sexual reproduction, two organisms.

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On the Origin of Species

On the Origin of Species (or more completely, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life),The book's full original title was On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life.

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Oophagy

Oophagy sometimes ovophagy, literally "egg eating", is the practice of embryos feeding on eggs produced by the ovary while still inside the mother's uterus.

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Oviparity

Oviparous animals are animals that lay eggs, with little or no other embryonic development within the mother.

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Parthenogenesis

Parthenogenesis (from the Greek label + label) is a natural form of asexual reproduction in which growth and development of embryos occur without fertilization.

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Patterns of self-organization in ants

Ants are simple animals and their behavioural repertory is limited to somewhere between ten and forty elementary behaviours.

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Pemphigus spyrothecae

Pemphigus spyrothecae, or the poplar spiral gall aphid, is a social insect which exhibits apparent altruistic behaviors.

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Pheromone

A pheromone (from Ancient Greek φέρω phero "to bear" and hormone, from Ancient Greek ὁρμή "impetus") is a secreted or excreted chemical factor that triggers a social response in members of the same species.

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Phlaeothripidae

Phlaeothripidae is a family of thrips with hundreds of genera.

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Ploidy

Ploidy is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for autosomal and pseudoautosomal genes.

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Polistes

Wasps of the cosmopolitan genus Polistes (the only genus in the tribe Polistini) are the most familiar of the polistine wasps, and are the most common type of paper wasp in North America.

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Polistes instabilis

Polistes instabilis, a type of paper wasp, is a neotropical, eusocial wasp (family Vespidae) that can be found in tropical and subtropical areas such as Central America and South America.

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Polistes versicolor

Polistes versicolor is a subtropical social wasp within Polistes, the most common genus of paper wasp.

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Polistinae

The Polistinae are eusocial wasps closely related to the more familiar yellow jackets, but placed in their own subfamily, containing four tribes; with some 1100 species total, it is the second-most diverse subfamily within the Vespidae, and while most species are tropical or subtropical, they include some of the most frequently encountered large wasps in temperate regions.

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Pollen

Pollen is a fine to coarse powdery substance comprising pollen grains which are male microgametophytes of seed plants, which produce male gametes (sperm cells).

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Primate

A primate is a mammal of the order Primates (Latin: "prime, first rank").

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Prosocial behavior

Prosocial behavior, or "voluntary behavior intended to benefit another", is a social behavior that "benefit other people or society as a whole", "such as helping, sharing, donating, co-operating, and volunteering".

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Pupa

A pupa (pūpa, "doll"; plural: pūpae) is the life stage of some insects undergoing transformation between immature and mature stages.

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Reciprocity (social psychology)

In social psychology, reciprocity is a social norm of responding to a positive action with another positive action, rewarding kind actions.

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Red imported fire ant

The red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta), also known as the fire ant or RIFA, is a species of ant native to South America.

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Richard Dawkins

Clinton Richard Dawkins (born 26 March 1941) is an English ethologist, evolutionary biologist, and author.

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Rodent

Rodents (from Latin rodere, "to gnaw") are mammals of the order Rodentia, which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws.

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Royal jelly

Royal jelly is a honey bee secretion that is used in the nutrition of larvae, as well as adult queens.

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Scaptotrigona postica

Scaptotrigona postica (also known locally in Brazil as mandaguari) is a species of stingless bee that lives mainly in Brazil.

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Science (journal)

Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals.

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Shrimp

The term shrimp is used to refer to some decapod crustaceans, although the exact animals covered can vary.

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Social

Living organisms including humans are social when they live collectively in interacting populations, whether they are aware of it, and whether the interaction is voluntary or involuntary.

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Sociality

Sociality is the degree to which individuals in an animal population tend to associate in social groups (Gregariousness) and form cooperative societies.

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Steven Pinker

Steven Arthur Pinker (born September 18, 1954) is a Canadian-American cognitive psychologist, linguist, and popular science author.

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Stigmergy

Stigmergy is a consensus social network mechanism of indirect coordination, through the environment, between agents or actions.

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Stingless bee

Stingless bees, sometimes called stingless honey bees or simply meliponines, are a large group of bees (about 500 species), comprising the tribe Meliponini (or subtribe Meliponina according to other authors).

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Synalpheus

Synalpheus is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae, presently containing more than 100 species; new ones are described on a regular basis, and the exact number even of described species is disputed.

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Synalpheus regalis

Synalpheus regalis is a species of snapping shrimp that commonly live in sponges in the coral reefs along the tropical West Atlantic.

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Synoeca surinama

Synoeca surinama is a Neotropical swarm-founding wasp of the tribe Epiponini.

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Task allocation and partitioning of social insects

Task allocation and partitioning refers to the way that tasks are chosen, assigned, subdivided, and coordinated (here, within a single colony of social insects).

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Termite

Termites are eusocial insects that are classified at the taxonomic rank of infraorder Isoptera, or as epifamily Termitoidae within the cockroach order Blattodea.

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Tetragonula carbonaria

Tetragonula carbonaria (previously known as Trigona carbonaria) is a stingless bee, endemic to the north-east coast of Australia.

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The Science of Nature

The Science of Nature, formerly Naturwissenschaften, is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Springer Science+Business Media covering all aspects of the natural sciences relating to questions of biological significance.

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Thrips

Thrips (order Thysanoptera) are minute (most are 1 mm long or less), slender insects with fringed wings and unique asymmetrical mouthparts.

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Vertebrate

Vertebrates comprise all species of animals within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones).

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Vespidae

The Vespidae are a large (nearly 5000 species), diverse, cosmopolitan family of wasps, including nearly all the known eusocial wasps (such as Polistes fuscatus, Vespa orientalis, and Vespula germanica) and many solitary wasps.

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Vespinae

The subfamily Vespinae contains the largest and best-known eusocial wasps, including true hornets (the genus Vespa), and the "yellowjackets" (genera Dolichovespula and Vespula).

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Vespula vulgaris

Vespula vulgaris, known as the common wasp, is a wasp found in various regions of the world including the United Kingdom, Germany, India, China, New Zealand, and Australia.

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W. D. Hamilton

William Donald Hamilton, FRS (1 August 1936 – 7 March 2000) was an English evolutionary biologist, widely recognised as one of the most significant evolutionary theorists of the 20th century.

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Wasp

A wasp is any insect of the order Hymenoptera and suborder Apocrita that is neither a bee nor an ant.

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Weaver ant

Weaver ants or green ants (genus Oecophylla) are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae (order Hymenoptera).

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Western honey bee

The western honey bee or European honey bee (Apis mellifera) is the most common of the 7–12 species of honey bee worldwide.

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Caste (biology), Caste (insect), Crustacean eusociality, Ecology of eusociality, Eusocial, Eusocial behaviour, Eusocial insect, Eusocialism, Eusociality in humans, Hive species, Insect caste, Insect eusociality, Insect societies, Mammal eusociality, Nanitic, Nanitic worker, Reversal to solitarity, Social Insects, Social insect, Social insects, Usocial, Worker animal, Worker caste.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eusociality

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