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Design of the FAT file system

Index Design of the FAT file system

A FAT file system is a specific type of computer file system architecture and a family of industry-standard file systems utilizing it. [1]

161 relations: AARD code, Addison-Wesley, Advanced Disc Filing System, Advanced Format, Amstrad, ANDOS, Apricot PC, Apricot Portable, Archive bit, ASCII, Atari Portfolio, Atari ST, Atari TOS, ATX, BBC Master, BIOS parameter block, Boot sector, Booting, Byte (magazine), CBASIC, Checksum, CHKDSK, Code page, Columbia Data Products, Compaq, Comparison of file systems, Computer History Museum, CONFIG.SYS, CP/M-86, Cyclic redundancy check, Cylinder-head-sector, Data cluster, Design rule for Camera File system, Development of Windows 95, Device driver, Device file, Digital camera, Digital Research, Directory (computing), Disk compression, DOS, DOS Plus, DOS Protected Mode Services, DR-DOS, Drive letter assignment, DriveSpace, Ecma International, EFI system partition, Embedded system, Endianness, ..., Epoch (reference date), Escape character, ExFAT, Expanded memory, Extended boot record, Extended file attributes, Extended memory, FASTOPEN, Fat binary, FAT filesystem and Linux, Fdisk, File Allocation Table, File system, Flash memory, FlexOS, Floppy disk, Floppy disk variants, Format (command), Fragmentation (computing), Free space bitmap, FreeDOS, Gigabyte, Graphics Environment Manager, GUID Partition Table, Hard disk drive, High Performance File System, Home computer, IBM, IBM PC DOS, IBM Personal Computer, IBMBIO.COM, INT 13H, International Electrotechnical Commission, International Organization for Standardization, Kilobyte, Linked list, List of DOS commands, List of file systems, Logical block addressing, Long filename, Magic number (programming), Magneto-optical drive, Master boot record, Megabyte, Memory card, Microsoft, Microsoft BASIC, Microsoft basic data partition, Microsoft Developer Network, Microsoft Knowledge Base, Microsoft ScanDisk, Microsoft TechNet, Mkdir, Mkdosfs, Mobile device, Motorola 68000, MS-DOS, MSDOS.SYS, MSX-DOS, Multiuser DOS, Native Command Queuing, NetWare File System, Novell, NTFS, Olivetti, Opcode, Operating system, OS/2, Partition type, Personal computer, Peter Norton, Programmed input/output, Protected mode, PTS-DOS, RAM drive, Record-oriented filesystem, RISC OS, Rmdir, Sanyo, Seagate Technology, Seattle Computer Products, Seiko Epson, Solid-state drive, Stac Electronics, Tandy 2000, Tandy Corporation, Terabyte, Tim Paterson, Time formatting and storage bugs, Timeline of DOS operating systems, Transaction-Safe FAT File System, Undeletion, Unified Extensible Firmware Interface, Universal Coded Character Set, Unix, USB flash drive, Volume boot record, Wang Laboratories, Windows 2000, Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 9x, Windows Embedded CE 6.0, Windows NT, Windows Vista, Windows XP, X86, 4690 Operating System, 4DOS, 8.3 filename, 86-DOS. Expand index (111 more) »

AARD code

The AARD code was a segment of code in a beta release of Microsoft Windows 3.1 that would determine whether Windows was running on MS-DOS or PC DOS, rather than a competing workalike such as DR-DOS, and would result in a cryptic error message in the latter case.

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Addison-Wesley

Addison-Wesley is a publisher of textbooks and computer literature.

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Advanced Disc Filing System

The Advanced Disc Filing System (ADFS) is a computing file system particular to the Acorn computer range and RISC OS-based successors.

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Advanced Format

Advanced Format is a generic term pertaining to any disk sector format used to store data on magnetic disks in hard disk drives (HDDs) that exceeds 512, 520, or 528 bytes per sector, such as the 4096, 4112, 4160, and 4224-byte (4 KiB) sectors of the Advanced Format hard disk drives.

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Amstrad

Amstrad is a British electronics company.

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ANDOS

ANDOS is a Russian operating system for Electronika BK-0010, Electronika BK-0011 and Electronika BK-0011M series computers.

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Apricot PC

The Apricot PC was a personal computer produced by Apricot Computers.

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Apricot Portable

The Apricot Portable was a computing device manufactured by Apricot Computers, and was released to the public in November 1984.

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Archive bit

The archive bit is a file attribute used by Microsoft operating systems, OS/2, and AmigaOS.

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ASCII

ASCII, abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard for electronic communication.

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Atari Portfolio

The Atari Portfolio (aka Atari PC Folio) is a IBM PC-compatible palmtop PC, and was released by Atari Corporation in June 1989, making it the world's first palmtop computer.

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Atari ST

The Atari ST is a line of home computers from Atari Corporation and the successor to the Atari 8-bit family.

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Atari TOS

TOS (The Operating System also Tramiel Operating System from Jack Tramiel, owner of Atari Corp. at the time) is the operating system of the Atari ST range of computers.

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ATX

ATX (Advanced Technology eXtended) is a motherboard configuration specification developed by Intel in 1995 to improve on previous ''de facto'' standards like the AT design.

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BBC Master

The BBC Master is a home computer released by Acorn Computers in early 1986.

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BIOS parameter block

In computing, the BIOS parameter block, often shortened to BPB, is a data structure in the volume boot record describing the physical layout of a data storage volume.

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Boot sector

A boot sector is a region of a hard disk, floppy disk, optical disc, or other data storage device that contains machine code to be loaded into random-access memory (RAM) by a computer system's built-in firmware.

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Booting

In computing, booting is starting up a computer or computer appliance until it can be used.

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Byte (magazine)

Byte was an American microcomputer magazine, influential in the late 1970s and throughout the 1980s because of its wide-ranging editorial coverage.

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CBASIC

CBASIC is a compiled version of the BASIC programming language written for the CP/M operating system by Gordon Eubanks in 1976–1977.

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Checksum

A checksum is a small-sized datum derived from a block of digital data for the purpose of detecting errors which may have been introduced during its transmission or storage.

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CHKDSK

CHKDSK (short for "check disk") is a system tool in DOS, OS/2 and Windows.

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Code page

In computing, a code page is a table of values that describes the character set used for encoding a particular set of characters, usually combined with a number of control characters.

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Columbia Data Products

Columbia Data Products (CDP) was a company which produced some of the first IBM PC clones.

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Compaq

Compaq (a portmanteau of Compatibility And Quality; occasionally referred to as CQ prior to its final logo) was a company founded in 1982 that developed, sold, and supported computers and related products and services.

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Comparison of file systems

The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of file systems.

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Computer History Museum

The Computer History Museum (CHM) is a museum established in 1996 in Mountain View, California, US.

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CONFIG.SYS

CONFIG.SYS is the primary configuration file for the DOS and OS/2 operating systems.

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CP/M-86

CP/M-86 was a version of the CP/M operating system that Digital Research (DR) made for the Intel 8086 and Intel 8088.

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Cyclic redundancy check

A cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is an error-detecting code commonly used in digital networks and storage devices to detect accidental changes to raw data.

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Cylinder-head-sector

Cylinder-head-sector (CHS) is an early method for giving addresses to each physical block of data on a hard disk drive.

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Data cluster

In computer file systems, a cluster or allocation unit is a unit of disk space allocation for files and directories.

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Design rule for Camera File system

Design rule for Camera File system (DCF) is a JEITA specification (number CP-3461) which defines a file system for digital cameras, including the directory structure, file naming method, character set, file format, and metadata format.

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Development of Windows 95

The initial design and planning of Windows 95 can be traced back to around March 1992, just after the release of Windows 3.1.

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Device driver

In computing, a device driver is a computer program that operates or controls a particular type of device that is attached to a computer.

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Device file

In Unix-like operating systems, a device file or special file is an interface to a device driver that appears in a file system as if it were an ordinary file.

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Digital camera

A digital camera or digicam is a camera that captures photographs in digital memory.

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Digital Research

Digital Research, Inc. (also known as DR or DRI) was a company created by Gary Kildall to market and develop his CP/M operating system and related 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit systems like MP/M, Concurrent DOS, Multiuser DOS, DOS Plus, DR DOS and GEM.

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Directory (computing)

In computing, a directory is a file system cataloging structure which contains references to other computer files, and possibly other directories.

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Disk compression

A disk compression software utility increases the amount of information that can be stored on a hard disk drive of given size.

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DOS

DOS is a family of disk operating systems.

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DOS Plus

DOS Plus (erroneously also known as DOS+) was the first operating system developed by Digital Research's OEM Support Group in Newbury, Berkshire, UK, first released in 1985.

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DOS Protected Mode Services

DOS Protected Mode Services (DPMS) is a set of extended DOS memory management services to allow DPMS-enabled DOS drivers to load and execute in extended memory and protected mode.

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DR-DOS

DR-DOS (DR DOS, without hyphen up to and including version 6.0) is an operating system of the DOS family, written for IBM PC-compatible personal computers.

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Drive letter assignment

In computer data storage, drive letter assignment is the process of assigning alphabetical identifiers to volumes.

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DriveSpace

DriveSpace (initially known as DoubleSpace) is a disk compression utility supplied with MS-DOS starting from version 6.0.

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Ecma International

Ecma is a standards organization for information and communication systems.

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EFI system partition

The EFI system partition (ESP) is a partition on a data storage device (usually a hard disk drive or solid-state drive) that is used by computers adhering to the Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI).

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Embedded system

An embedded system is a computer system with a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electrical system, often with real-time computing constraints.

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Endianness

Endianness refers to the sequential order in which bytes are arranged into larger numerical values when stored in memory or when transmitted over digital links.

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Epoch (reference date)

In the fields of chronology and periodization, an epoch is an instant in time chosen as the origin of a particular era.

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Escape character

In computing and telecommunication, an escape character is a character which invokes an alternative interpretation on subsequent characters in a character sequence.

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ExFAT

exFAT (Extended File Allocation Table) is a Microsoft file system introduced in 2006 optimized for flash memory such as USB flash drives and SD cards.

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Expanded memory

In DOS memory management, expanded memory is a system of bank switching that provided additional memory to DOS programs beyond the limit of conventional memory (640 KB).

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Extended boot record

An extended boot record (EBR), or extended partition boot record (EPBR), is a descriptor for a logical partition under the common DOS disk drive partitioning system.

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Extended file attributes

Extended file attributes are file system features that enable users to associate computer files with metadata not interpreted by the filesystem, whereas regular attributes have a purpose strictly defined by the filesystem (such as permissions or records of creation and modification times).

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Extended memory

In DOS memory management, extended memory refers to memory above the first megabyte (220 bytes) of address space in an IBM PC or compatible with an 80286 or later processor.

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FASTOPEN

In computing, FASTOPEN was an MS-DOS TSR command, introduced in version 3.3, that provided accelerated access to frequently-used files and directories.

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Fat binary

A fat binary (or multiarchitecture binary) is a computer executable program which has been expanded (or "fattened") with code native to multiple instruction sets which can consequently be run on multiple processor types.

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FAT filesystem and Linux

Linux has several filesystem drivers for the File Allocation Table (FAT) filesystem format.

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Fdisk

For computer file systems, fdisk is a command-line utility that provides disk partitioning functions.

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File Allocation Table

File Allocation Table (FAT) is a computer file system architecture and a family of industry-standard file systems utilizing it.

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File system

In computing, a file system or filesystem controls how data is stored and retrieved.

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Flash memory

Flash memory is an electronic (solid-state) non-volatile computer storage medium that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed.

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FlexOS

FlexOS is a discontinued modular real-time multi-user multi-tasking operating system (RTOS) designed for computer-integrated manufacturing, laboratory, retail and financial markets.

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Floppy disk

A floppy disk, also called a floppy, diskette, or just disk, is a type of disk storage composed of a disk of thin and flexible magnetic storage medium, sealed in a rectangular plastic enclosure lined with fabric that removes dust particles.

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Floppy disk variants

The floppy disk is a ubiquitous data storage and transfer device from the mid-1970s well into the 2000s.

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Format (command)

In computing, format, a command-line utility included in 86-DOS, MS-DOS, IBM PC DOS and OS/2 and Microsoft Windows operating systems, carries out disk formatting.

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Fragmentation (computing)

In computer storage, fragmentation is a phenomenon in which storage space is used inefficiently, reducing capacity or performance and often both.

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Free space bitmap

Free-Space Bitmaps are one method used to track allocated sectors by some file systems.

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FreeDOS

FreeDOS (formerly Free-DOS and PD-DOS) is a free operating system for IBM PC compatible computers.

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Gigabyte

The gigabyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information.

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Graphics Environment Manager

Graphics Environment Manager (GEM) was an operating environment created by Digital Research (DRI) for use with the DOS operating system on Intel 8088 and Motorola 68000 microprocessors.

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GUID Partition Table

GUID Partition Table (GPT) is a standard for the layout of the partition table on a physical storage device used in a desktop or server PC, such as a hard disk drive or solid-state drive, using globally unique identifiers (GUID).

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Hard disk drive

A hard disk drive (HDD), hard disk, hard drive or fixed disk is an electromechanical data storage device that uses magnetic storage to store and retrieve digital information using one or more rigid rapidly rotating disks (platters) coated with magnetic material.

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High Performance File System

HPFS ("High Performance File System") is a file system created specifically for the OS/2 operating system to improve upon the limitations of the FAT file system.

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Home computer

Home computers were a class of microcomputers entering the market in 1977, and becoming common during the 1980s.

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IBM

The International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York, United States, with operations in over 170 countries.

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IBM PC DOS

IBM PC DOS (an acronym for IBM personal computer disk operating system) is a discontinued operating system for the IBM Personal Computer, manufactured and sold by IBM from the early 1980s into the 2000s.

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IBM Personal Computer

The IBM Personal Computer, commonly known as the IBM PC, is the original version and progenitor of the IBM PC compatible hardware platform.

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IBMBIO.COM

IBMBIO.COM is a system file in many DOS operating systems.

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INT 13H

INT 13h is shorthand for BIOS interrupt call 13hex, the 20th interrupt vector in an x86-based computer system.

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International Electrotechnical Commission

The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC; in French: Commission électrotechnique internationale) is an international standards organization that prepares and publishes International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies – collectively known as "electrotechnology".

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International Organization for Standardization

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is an international standard-setting body composed of representatives from various national standards organizations.

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Kilobyte

The kilobyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information.

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Linked list

In computer science, a linked list is a linear collection of data elements, whose order is not given by their physical placement in memory.

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List of DOS commands

This article presents a list of commands used by DOS operating systems, especially as used on x86-based IBM PC compatibles (PCs).

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List of file systems

The following lists identify, characterize, and link to more thorough information on computer file systems.

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Logical block addressing

Logical block addressing (LBA) is a common scheme used for specifying the location of blocks of data stored on computer storage devices, generally secondary storage systems such as hard disk drives.

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Long filename

Long filename (LFN) support is Microsoft's backward compatible extension of the 8.3 filename (short filename) naming scheme used in DOS.

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Magic number (programming)

In computer programming, the term magic number has multiple meanings.

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Magneto-optical drive

A magneto-optical drive is a kind of optical disc drive capable of writing and rewriting data upon a magneto-optical disc.

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Master boot record

A master boot record (MBR) is a special type of boot sector at the very beginning of partitioned computer mass storage devices like fixed disks or removable drives intended for use with IBM PC-compatible systems and beyond.

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Megabyte

The megabyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information.

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Memory card

A memory card, flash card or memory cartridge is an electronic flash memory data storage device used for storing digital information.

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Microsoft

Microsoft Corporation (abbreviated as MS) is an American multinational technology company with headquarters in Redmond, Washington.

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Microsoft BASIC

Microsoft BASIC is the foundation product of the Microsoft company.

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Microsoft basic data partition

In Microsoft operating systems, when using basic disk partitioned with GUID Partition Table (GPT) layout, a basic data partition (BDP) is any partition identified with Globally Unique Identifier (GUID) of EBD0A0A2-B9E5-4433-87C0-68B6B72699C7.

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Microsoft Developer Network

Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN) is the portion of Microsoft responsible for managing the firm's relationship with developers and testers, such as hardware developers interested in the operating system (OS), and software developers developing on the various OS platforms or using the API or scripting languages of Microsoft's applications.

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Microsoft Knowledge Base

Microsoft Knowledge Base is a repository of over 200,000 articles made available to the public by Microsoft Corporation.

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Microsoft ScanDisk

Microsoft ScanDisk (also called ScanDisk), is a diagnostic utility included in MS-DOS and Windows 9x.

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Microsoft TechNet

Microsoft TechNet is a Microsoft web portal and web service for IT professionals.

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Mkdir

The mkdir (make directory) command in the Unix, DOS, OS/2, and Microsoft Windows operating systems and in the PHP scripting language is used to make a new directory.

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Mkdosfs

mkdosfs is one of the applications that are included in the dosfstools package, and it is used to create a DOS file system under Linux on a data storage device (usually a disk partition).

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Mobile device

A mobile device (or handheld computer) is a computing device small enough to hold and operate in the hand.

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Motorola 68000

The Motorola 68000 ("'sixty-eight-thousand'"; also called the m68k or Motorola 68k, "sixty-eight-kay") is a 16/32-bit CISC microprocessor, which implements a 32-bit instruction set, with 32-bit registers and 32-bit internal data bus, but with a 16-bit data ALU and two 16-bit arithmetic ALUs and a 16-bit external data bus, designed and marketed by Motorola Semiconductor Products Sector.

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MS-DOS

MS-DOS (acronym for Microsoft Disk Operating System) is an operating system for x86-based personal computers mostly developed by Microsoft.

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MSDOS.SYS

MSDOS.SYS is a vital system file on MS-DOS and Windows 9x operating systems.

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MSX-DOS

MSX-DOS is a discontinued disk operating system developed by Microsoft for the 8-bit home computer standard MSX, and is a cross between MS-DOS 1.25 and CP/M-80 2.

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Multiuser DOS

Multiuser DOS is a real-time multi-user multi-tasking operating system for IBM PC-compatible microcomputers.

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Native Command Queuing

In computing, Native Command Queuing (NCQ) is an extension of the Serial ATA protocol allowing hard disk drives to internally optimize the order in which received read and write commands are executed.

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NetWare File System

In computing, a NetWare File System (NWFS) is a file system based on a heavily modified version of FAT.

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Novell

Novell, Inc. was a software and services company headquartered in Provo, Utah.

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NTFS

NTFS (New Technology File System) is a proprietary file system developed by Microsoft.

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Olivetti

Olivetti S.p.A. is an Italian manufacturer of typewriters, computers, tablets, smartphones, printers and other such business products as calculators and fax machines.

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Opcode

In computing, an opcode (abbreviated from operation code, also known as instruction syllable, instruction parcel or opstring) is the portion of a machine language instruction that specifies the operation to be performed.

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Operating system

An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs.

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OS/2

OS/2 is a series of computer operating systems, initially created by Microsoft and IBM under the leadership of IBM software designer Ed Iacobucci.

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Partition type

The partition type (or partition ID) in a partition's entry in the partition table inside a master boot record (MBR) is a byte value intended to specify the file system the partition contains and/or to flag special access methods used to access these partitions (f.e. special CHS mappings, LBA access, logical mapped geometries, special driver access, hidden partitions, secured or encrypted file systems, etc.).

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Personal computer

A personal computer (PC) is a multi-purpose computer whose size, capabilities, and price make it feasible for individual use.

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Peter Norton

Peter Norton (born November 14, 1943) is an American programmer, software publisher, author, and philanthropist.

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Programmed input/output

Programmed input/output (PIO) is a method of transferring data between the CPU and a peripheral, such as a network adapter or an ATA storage device.

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Protected mode

In computing, protected mode, also called protected virtual address mode, is an operational mode of x86-compatible central processing units (CPUs).

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PTS-DOS

PTS-DOS is a disk operating system, an MS-DOS clone, developed in Russia by PhysTechSoft.

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RAM drive

A RAM drive (also called a RAM disk) is a block of random-access memory (primary storage or volatile memory) that a computer's software is treating as if the memory were a disk drive (secondary storage).

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Record-oriented filesystem

In computer science, a record-oriented filesystem is a file system where data is stored as collections of records.

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RISC OS

RISC OS is a computer operating system originally designed by Acorn Computers Ltd in Cambridge, England.

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Rmdir

rmdir (or rd) is a command which will remove an empty directory on a Unix (e.g. macOS, Solaris, AIX, HP-UX), Unix-like (e.g. FreeBSD, Linux), DOS, OS/2 or Microsoft Windows operating system.

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Sanyo

is a Japanese major electronics company and formerly a member of the Fortune Global 500 whose headquarters was located in Moriguchi, Osaka prefecture, Japan.

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Seagate Technology

Seagate Technology PLC (commonly referred to as Seagate) is an American data storage company.

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Seattle Computer Products

Seattle Computer Products (SCP) was a Seattle, Washington, microcomputer hardware company which was one of the first manufacturers of computer systems based on the 16-bit Intel 8086 processor.

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Seiko Epson

(Epson being an abbreviation for "Son of Electronic Printer"), or simply Epson, is a Japanese electronics company and one of the world's largest manufacturers of computer printers, and information and imaging related equipment.

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Solid-state drive

A solid-state drive (SSD) is a solid-state storage device that uses integrated circuit assemblies as memory to store data persistently.

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Stac Electronics

Stac Electronics, originally incorporated as State of the Art Consulting and later shortened to Stac, Inc., was a technology company founded in 1983.

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Tandy 2000

The Tandy 2000 is a personal computer introduced by Radio Shack in September 1983 based on the 8 MHz Intel 80186 microprocessor running MS-DOS.

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Tandy Corporation

Tandy Corporation was an American family-owned leather goods company based in Fort Worth, Texas.

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Terabyte

The terabyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information.

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Tim Paterson

Tim Paterson (born 1956) is an American computer programmer, best known for creating 86-DOS, an operating system for the Intel 8086.

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Time formatting and storage bugs

In computer science, time formatting and storage bugs are a class of software bugs which may cause time and date calculation or display to be improperly handled.

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Timeline of DOS operating systems

This article presents a timeline of events in the history of x86 DOS operating systems from 1973 to 2016.

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Transaction-Safe FAT File System

Transaction-Safe FAT File System (TFAT) and Transaction-Safe Extended FAT File System (TexFAT) refer to two file systems used in Microsoft products to provide transaction-safety for data stored on a disk.

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Undeletion

Undeletion is a feature for restoring computer files which have been removed from a file system by file deletion.

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Unified Extensible Firmware Interface

The Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) is a specification that defines a software interface between an operating system and platform firmware.

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Universal Coded Character Set

The Universal Coded Character Set (UCS) is a standard set of characters defined by the International Standard ISO/IEC 10646, Information technology — Universal Coded Character Set (UCS) (plus amendments to that standard), which is the basis of many character encodings.

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Unix

Unix (trademarked as UNIX) is a family of multitasking, multiuser computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T Unix, development starting in the 1970s at the Bell Labs research center by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and others.

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USB flash drive

A USB flash drive, also variously known as a thumb drive, pen drive, gig stick, flash stick, jump drive, disk key, disk on key (after the original M-Systems DiskOnKey drive from 2000), flash-drive, memory stick (not to be confused with the Sony Memory Stick), USB stick or USB memory, is a data storage device that includes flash memory with an integrated USB interface.

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Volume boot record

A volume boot record (VBR) (also known as a volume boot sector, a partition boot record or a partition boot sector) is a type of boot sector introduced by the IBM Personal Computer.

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Wang Laboratories

Wang Laboratories was a computer company founded in 1951, by An Wang and G. Y. Chu.

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Windows 2000

Windows 2000 (codenamed NT 5.0) is an operating system for use on both client and server computers.

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Windows 95

Windows 95 (codenamed Chicago) is a consumer-oriented operating system developed by Microsoft.

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Windows 98

Windows 98 (codenamed Memphis while in development) is a graphical operating system by Microsoft.

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Windows 9x

Windows 9x is a generic term referring to a series of Microsoft Windows computer operating systems produced from 1995 to 2000, which were based on the Windows 95 kernel and its underlying foundation of MS-DOS, both of which were updated in subsequent versions.

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Windows Embedded CE 6.0

Windows Embedded CE 6.0 (codenamed "Yamazaki") is the sixth major release of Microsoft Windows embedded operating system targeted to enterprise specific tools such as industrial controllers and consumer electronics devices like digital cameras.

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Windows NT

Windows NT is a family of operating systems produced by Microsoft, the first version of which was released in July 1993.

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Windows Vista

Windows Vista (codenamed Longhorn) is an operating system by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, tablet PCs and media center PCs.

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Windows XP

Windows XP (codenamed Whistler) is a personal computer operating system that was produced by Microsoft as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems.

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X86

x86 is a family of backward-compatible instruction set architectures based on the Intel 8086 CPU and its Intel 8088 variant.

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4690 Operating System

4690 Operating System, sometimes shortened to 4690 OS or 4690 is a specially designed Point of Sale operating system, originally sold by IBM; however, in 2012 IBM sold its retail business, including this product, to Toshiba, who now supports it.

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4DOS

4DOS is a command line interpreter by JP Software, designed to replace the default command interpreter COMMAND.COM in DOS and Windows 95/98/SE/ME.

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8.3 filename

An 8.3 filename (also called a short filename or SFN) is a filename convention used by old versions of DOS and versions of Microsoft Windows prior to Windows 95 and Windows NT 3.5.

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86-DOS

86-DOS is a discontinued operating system developed and marketed by Seattle Computer Products (SCP) for its Intel 8086-based computer kit.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_of_the_FAT_file_system

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