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Femur

Index Femur

The femur (pl. femurs or femora) or thigh bone, is the most proximal (closest to the hip joint) bone of the leg in tetrapod vertebrates capable of walking or jumping, such as most land mammals, birds, many reptiles including lizards, and amphibians such as frogs. [1]

142 relations: Acetabular notch, Acetabulum, Adductor brevis muscle, Adductor longus muscle, Adductor magnus muscle, Adductor muscles of the hip, Adductor tubercle of femur, Amphibian, Anatomical terms of location, Anterior compartment of thigh, Anterior cruciate ligament, Anthropology, Arachnology, Archosaur, Arthropod, Arthropod leg, Articularis genus muscle, Biarticular muscle, Biceps femoris muscle, Bird, Blood, Body of femur, Bone, Capsule of hip joint, Chondrocyte, Condyle (anatomy), Connective tissue, Coxa valga, Coxa vara, Crustacean, Devonian, Diaphysis, Dog, Ectoderm, Endochondral ossification, Entomology, Epicondyle, Epiphyseal plate, Epiphysis, Ethnic group, Eusthenopteron, External obturator muscle, Fascia, Fascial compartments of thigh, Femoral artery, Femoral fracture, Femoral head, Femoral-tibial angle, Femur neck, Fibular collateral ligament, ..., Forelimb, Frog, Gastrocnemius muscle, Genu valgum, Genu varum, Gluteal tuberosity, Gluteus maximus, Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus, Greater trochanter, Hindlimb, Hip, Hip bone, Hip fracture, Horse, Human embryogenesis, Human skeleton, Hyaline cartilage, Iliacus muscle, Iliopsoas, Infant, Inferior gemellus muscle, Intercondylar area, Intercondylar fossa of femur, Internal obturator muscle, Intertrochanteric crest, Intertrochanteric line, Invertebrate zoology, Joint, Jumping, Knee, Lateral condyle of femur, Lateral epicondyle of the femur, Lateral rotator group, Leg, Lesser trochanter, Ligament of head of femur, Limb bud, Linea aspera, Lizard, Long bone, Lower extremity of femur, Mammal, Medial collateral ligament, Medial compartment of thigh, Medial condyle of tibia, Medial epicondyle of the femur, Mesoderm, Muscle, Muscles of the hip, Myriapoda, Nerve, Old age, Ossification center, Osteoporosis, Palpation, Patella, Pectineal line (femur), Pectineus muscle, Pelvis, Piriformis muscle, Plantaris muscle, Popliteus muscle, Posterior compartment of thigh, Posterior cruciate ligament, Prehistory, Profound, Psoas major muscle, Quadrate line, Quadrate tubercle, Quadratus femoris muscle, Reptile, Sarcopterygii, Septum, Snake, Sphere, Superior gemellus muscle, Tetrapod, Third trochanter, Tibia, Torso, Traction splint, Trochanter, Trochanteric fossa, Upper extremity of femur, Vastus intermedius muscle, Vastus lateralis muscle, Vastus medialis, Vertebrate, Vestigiality, Walking, Whale. Expand index (92 more) »

Acetabular notch

The acetabular notch is a deep notch in the acetabulum of the hip bone.

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Acetabulum

The acetabulum (cotyloid cavity) is a concave surface of a pelvis.

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Adductor brevis muscle

The adductor brevis is a muscle in the thigh situated immediately deep to the pectineus and adductor longus.

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Adductor longus muscle

In the human body, the adductor longus is a skeletal muscle located in the thigh.

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Adductor magnus muscle

The adductor magnus is a large triangular muscle, situated on the medial side of the thigh.

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Adductor muscles of the hip

The adductor muscles of the hip are a group of muscles mostly used for bringing the thighs together (called adduction).

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Adductor tubercle of femur

The adductor tubercle is a tubercle on the Lower extremity of the femur (thigh bone).

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Amphibian

Amphibians are ectothermic, tetrapod vertebrates of the class Amphibia.

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Anatomical terms of location

Standard anatomical terms of location deal unambiguously with the anatomy of animals, including humans.

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Anterior compartment of thigh

The anterior compartment of thigh contains muscles which extend the knee and flex the hip.

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Anterior cruciate ligament

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of a pair of cruciate ligaments (the other being the posterior cruciate ligament) in the human knee.

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Anthropology

Anthropology is the study of humans and human behaviour and societies in the past and present.

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Arachnology

Arachnology is the scientific study of spiders and related animals such as scorpions, pseudoscorpions, and harvestmen, collectively called arachnids.

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Archosaur

Archosaurs are a group of diapsid amniotes whose living representatives consist of birds and crocodilians.

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Arthropod

An arthropod (from Greek ἄρθρον arthron, "joint" and πούς pous, "foot") is an invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton (external skeleton), a segmented body, and paired jointed appendages.

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Arthropod leg

The arthropod leg is a form of jointed appendage of arthropods, usually used for walking.

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Articularis genus muscle

The articularis genus (subcrureus) is a small skeletal muscle located anteriorly on the thigh just above the knee.

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Biarticular muscle

Biarticular muscles are muscles that cross two joints rather than just one, such as the hamstrings which cross both the hip and the knee.

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Biceps femoris muscle

The biceps femoris is a muscle of the thigh located to the posterior, or back.

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Bird

Birds, also known as Aves, are a group of endothermic vertebrates, characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight skeleton.

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Blood

Blood is a body fluid in humans and other animals that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells.

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Body of femur

The body of the femur (or shaft), almost cylindrical in form, is a little broader above than in the center, broadest and somewhat flattened from before backward below.

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Bone

A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the vertebrate skeleton.

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Capsule of hip joint

The articular capsule (capsular ligament) is strong and dense.

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Chondrocyte

Chondrocytes (from Greek χόνδρος, chondros.

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Condyle (anatomy)

A condyle (or; condylus, from kondylos; κόνδυλος knuckle) is the round prominence at the end of a bone, most often part of a joint - an articulation with another bone.

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Connective tissue

Connective tissue (CT) is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.

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Coxa valga

Coxa valga is a deformity of the hip where the angle formed between the head and neck of the femur and its shaft is increased, usually above 135 degrees.

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Coxa vara

Coxa vara is a deformity of the hip, whereby the angle between the head and the shaft of the femur is reduced to less than 120 degrees.

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Crustacean

Crustaceans (Crustacea) form a large, diverse arthropod taxon which includes such familiar animals as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, krill, woodlice, and barnacles.

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Devonian

The Devonian is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic, spanning 60 million years from the end of the Silurian, million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Carboniferous, Mya.

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Diaphysis

The diaphysis is the main or midsection (shaft) of a long bone.

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Dog

The domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris when considered a subspecies of the gray wolf or Canis familiaris when considered a distinct species) is a member of the genus Canis (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.

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Ectoderm

Ectoderm is one of the three primary germ layers in the very early embryo.

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Endochondral ossification

Endochondral ossification is one of the two essential processes during fetal development of the mammalian skeletal system by which bone tissue is created.

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Entomology

Entomology is the scientific study of insects, a branch of zoology.

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Epicondyle

An epicondyle is a rounded eminence on a bone that lies upon a condyle (epi-, "upon" + condyle, from a root meaning "knuckle" or "rounded articular area").

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Epiphyseal plate

The epiphyseal plate (or epiphysial plate, physis, or growth plate) is a hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone.

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Epiphysis

The epiphysis is the rounded end of a long bone, at its joint with adjacent bone(s).

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Ethnic group

An ethnic group, or an ethnicity, is a category of people who identify with each other based on similarities such as common ancestry, language, history, society, culture or nation.

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Eusthenopteron

Eusthenopteron is a genus of prehistoric sarcopterygian (often called lobe-finned fishes) which has attained an iconic status from its close relationships to tetrapods.

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External obturator muscle

The external obturator muscle, obturator externus muscle (OE) is a flat, triangular muscle, which covers the outer surface of the anterior wall of the pelvis.

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Fascia

A fascia (plural fasciae; adjective fascial; from Latin: "band") is a band or sheet of connective tissue, primarily collagen, beneath the skin that attaches, stabilizes, encloses, and separates muscles and other internal organs.

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Fascial compartments of thigh

The fascial compartments of thigh are the three fascial compartments that divide and contain the thigh muscles.

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Femoral artery

The femoral artery is a large artery in the thigh and the main arterial supply to the leg.

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Femoral fracture

A femoral fracture is a bone fracture that involves the femur.

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Femoral head

The femoral head (femur head or head of the femur) is the highest part of the thigh bone (femur).

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Femoral-tibial angle

The femoral-tibial angle is the angle between the femur and tibia.

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Femur neck

The femur neck (femoral neck or neck of the femur) is a flattened pyramidal process of bone, connecting the femoral head with the femoral shaft, and forming with the latter a wide angle opening medialward.

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Fibular collateral ligament

The fibular collateral ligament (long external lateral ligament or lateral collateral ligament, LCL) is a ligament located on the lateral (outer) side of the knee, and thus belongs to the extrinsic knee ligaments and posterolateral corner of the knee.

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Forelimb

A forelimb is an anterior limb (arm, leg, or similar appendage) on a terrestrial vertebrate's body.

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Frog

A frog is any member of a diverse and largely carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians composing the order Anura (Ancient Greek ἀν-, without + οὐρά, tail).

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Gastrocnemius muscle

The gastrocnemius muscle (plural gastrocnemii) is a superficial two-headed muscle that is in the back part of the lower leg of humans.

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Genu valgum

Genu valgum, commonly called "knock-knee", is a condition in which the knees angle in and touch each other when the legs are straightened.

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Genu varum

Genu varum (also called bow-leggedness, bandiness, bandy-leg, and tibia vara), is a varus deformity marked by (outward) bowing at the knee, which means that the lower leg is angled inward (medially) in relation to the thigh's axis, giving the limb overall the appearance of an archer's bow.

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Gluteal tuberosity

The gluteal tuberosity is the lateral ridge of the linea aspera.

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Gluteus maximus

The gluteus maximus (also known collectively with the gluteus medius and minimus, as the gluteal muscles, and sometimes referred to informally as the "glutes") is the main extensor muscle of the hip.

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Gluteus medius

The gluteus medius one of the three gluteal muscles, is a broad, thick, radiating muscle, situated on the outer surface of the pelvis.

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Gluteus minimus

The gluteus minimus (or glutæus minimus), the smallest of the three gluteal muscles, is situated immediately beneath the gluteus medius.

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Greater trochanter

The greater trochanter (great trochanter) of the femur is a large, irregular, quadrilateral eminence and a part of the skeletal system.

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Hindlimb

A hindlimb is a posterior limb on an animal, especially the quadrupeds.

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Hip

In vertebrate anatomy, hip (or "coxa"Latin coxa was used by Celsus in the sense "hip", but by Pliny the Elder in the sense "hip bone" (Diab, p 77) in medical terminology) refers to either an anatomical region or a joint.

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Hip bone

The hip bone (os coxa, innominate bone, pelvic bone or coxal bone) is a large flat bone, constricted in the center and expanded above and below.

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Hip fracture

A hip fracture is a break that occurs in the upper part of the femur (thigh bone).

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Horse

The horse (Equus ferus caballus) is one of two extant subspecies of ''Equus ferus''.

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Human embryogenesis

Human embryogenesis is the process of cell division and cellular differentiation of the embryo that occurs during the early stages of development.

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Human skeleton

The human skeleton is the internal framework of the body.

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Hyaline cartilage

Hyaline cartilage is glass-like (hyaline) but translucent cartilage.

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Iliacus muscle

The iliacus is a flat, triangular muscle which fills the iliac fossa.

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Iliopsoas

The iliopsoas refers to the joined psoas and the iliacus muscles.

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Infant

An infant (from the Latin word infans, meaning "unable to speak" or "speechless") is the more formal or specialised synonym for "baby", the very young offspring of a human.

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Inferior gemellus muscle

The inferior gemellus muscle is a muscle of the human body.

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Intercondylar area

The intercondylar area is the separation between the medial and lateral condyle on the upper extremity of the tibia.

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Intercondylar fossa of femur

The intercondylar fossa of femur (intercondyloid fossa of femur, intercondylar notch of femur) is a deep notch between the rear surfaces of the medial and lateral epicondyle of the femur, two protrusions on the distal end of the femur (thigh bone) that joins the knee.

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Internal obturator muscle

The internal obturator muscle or obturator internus muscle originates on the medial surface of the obturator membrane, the ischium near the membrane, and the rim of the pubis.

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Intertrochanteric crest

The intertrochanteric crest is a bony ridge located on the posterior side of the head of the femur, stretching obliquely downward and medially from the summit of the greater trochanter to the lesser trochanter.

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Intertrochanteric line

The intertrochanteric line (or spiral line of the femurWhite (2005), p 256) is a line located on the anterior side of the proximal end of the femur.

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Invertebrate zoology

Invertebrate zoology is the subsystem of zoology that consists of the study of invertebrates, animals without a backbone (a structure which is found only in fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.) Invertebrates are a vast and very diverse group of animals that includes sponges, echinoderms, tunicates, numerous different phyla of worms, molluscs, arthropods and many additional phyla.

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Joint

A joint or articulation (or articular surface) is the connection made between bones in the body which link the skeletal system into a functional whole.

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Jumping

Jumping or leaping is a form of locomotion or movement in which an organism or non-living (e.g., robotic) mechanical system propels itself through the air along a ballistic trajectory.

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Knee

The knee joins the thigh with the leg and consists of two joints: one between the femur and tibia (tibiofemoral joint), and one between the femur and patella (patellofemoral joint).

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Lateral condyle of femur

The lateral condyle is one of the two projections on the lower extremity of the femur.

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Lateral epicondyle of the femur

The lateral epicondyle of the femur, smaller and less prominent than the medial epicondyle, gives attachment to the fibular collateral ligament of the knee-joint.

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Lateral rotator group

The lateral rotator group is a group of six small muscles of the hip which all externally (laterally) rotate the femur in the hip joint.

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Leg

A leg is a weight bearing and locomotive anatomical structure, usually having a columnar shape.

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Lesser trochanter

The lesser trochanter (small trochanter) of the femur is a conical eminence, which varies in size in different subjects.

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Ligament of head of femur

In human anatomy, the ligament of the head of the femur (round ligament of the femur, ligamentum teres femoris, or the foveal ligament) is a ligament located in the hip.

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Limb bud

The limb bud is a structure formed early in vertebrate limb development.

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Linea aspera

The linea aspera (rough line) is a ridge of roughened surface on the posterior surface of the shaft of the femur, to which are attached muscles and intermuscular septum.

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Lizard

Lizards are a widespread group of squamate reptiles, with over 6,000 species, ranging across all continents except Antarctica, as well as most oceanic island chains.

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Long bone

The long bones are those that are longer than they are wide.

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Lower extremity of femur

The lower extremity of femur (or distal extremity) is the lower end of the thigh bone in human and other animals, closer to the knee.

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Mammal

Mammals are the vertebrates within the class Mammalia (from Latin mamma "breast"), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles (including birds) by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands.

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Medial collateral ligament

The medial collateral ligament (MCL), or tibial collateral ligament (TCL), is one of the four major ligaments of the knee.

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Medial compartment of thigh

The medial compartment of thigh is one of the fascial compartments of the thigh and contains the hip adductor muscles and the gracilis muscle.

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Medial condyle of tibia

The medial condyle is the medial portion of the upper extremity of tibia.

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Medial epicondyle of the femur

The medial epicondyle of the femur is a bony protrusion located on the medial side of the bone's distal end.

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Mesoderm

In all bilaterian animals, the mesoderm is one of the three primary germ layers in the very early embryo.

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Muscle

Muscle is a soft tissue found in most animals.

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Muscles of the hip

In human anatomy, the muscles of the hip joint are those muscles that cause movement in the hip.

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Myriapoda

Myriapoda is a subphylum of arthropods containing millipedes, centipedes, and others.

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Nerve

A nerve is an enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons (nerve fibers, the long and slender projections of neurons) in the peripheral nervous system.

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Old age

Old age refers to ages nearing or surpassing the life expectancy of human beings, and is thus the end of the human life cycle.

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Ossification center

The first step in ossification of the cartilage is that the cartilage cells, at the point where ossification is commencing and which is termed as an ossification center, enlarge and arrange themselves in rows.

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Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a disease where increased bone weakness increases the risk of a broken bone.

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Palpation

Palpation is the process of using one's hands to check the body, especially while perceiving/diagnosing a disease or illness.

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Patella

The patella, also known as the kneecap, is a thick, circular-triangular bone which articulates with the femur (thigh bone) and covers and protects the anterior articular surface of the knee joint.

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Pectineal line (femur)

On the posterior surface of the femur, the intermediate ridge or pectineal line is continued to the base of the lesser trochanter and gives attachment to the pectineus muscle.

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Pectineus muscle

The pectineus muscle (from the Latin word pecten, meaning comb) is a flat, quadrangular muscle, situated at the anterior (front) part of the upper and medial (inner) aspect of the thigh.

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Pelvis

The pelvis (plural pelves or pelvises) is either the lower part of the trunk of the human body between the abdomen and the thighs (sometimes also called pelvic region of the trunk) or the skeleton embedded in it (sometimes also called bony pelvis, or pelvic skeleton).

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Piriformis muscle

The piriformis is a muscle in the gluteal region of the lower limb.

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Plantaris muscle

The plantaris is one of the superficial muscles of the superficial posterior compartment of the leg, one of the fascial compartments of the leg.

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Popliteus muscle

The popliteus muscle in the leg is used for unlocking the knees when walking, by laterally rotating the femur on the tibia during the closed chain portion of the gait cycle (one with the foot in contact with the ground).

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Posterior compartment of thigh

The posterior compartment of the thigh is one of the fascial compartments that contains the knee flexors and hip extensors known as the hamstring muscles, as well as vascular and nervous elements, particularly the sciatic nerve.

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Posterior cruciate ligament

The posterior cruciate ligament (or PCL) is one of the four major ligaments of the knee.

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Prehistory

Human prehistory is the period between the use of the first stone tools 3.3 million years ago by hominins and the invention of writing systems.

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Profound

No description.

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Psoas major muscle

The psoas major (from Greek: ψόας - psóās: 'of the loins', genitive singular form of ψόα - psóa 'the loins') is a long fusiform muscle located on the side of the lumbar region of the vertebral column and brim of the lesser pelvis.

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Quadrate line

A slight ridge is sometimes seen commencing about the middle of the intertrochanteric crest, and reaching vertically downward for about 5 cm.

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Quadrate tubercle

The quadrate tubercle is a small tubercle found upon the upper part of the femur, that serves as a point of insertion of the quadratus femoris along with the intertrochanteric crest and the linea quadrata.

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Quadratus femoris muscle

The quadratus femoris is a flat, quadrilateral skeletal muscle.

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Reptile

Reptiles are tetrapod animals in the class Reptilia, comprising today's turtles, crocodilians, snakes, amphisbaenians, lizards, tuatara, and their extinct relatives.

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Sarcopterygii

The Sarcopterygii or lobe-finned fish (from Greek σαρξ sarx, flesh, and πτερυξ pteryx, fin) – sometimes considered synonymous with Crossopterygii ("fringe-finned fish", from Greek κροσσός krossos, fringe) – constitute a clade (traditionally a class or subclass) of the bony fish, though a strict cladistic view includes the terrestrial vertebrates.

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Septum

In biology, a septum (Latin for something that encloses; plural septa) is a wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones.

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Snake

Snakes are elongated, legless, carnivorous reptiles of the suborder Serpentes.

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Sphere

A sphere (from Greek σφαῖρα — sphaira, "globe, ball") is a perfectly round geometrical object in three-dimensional space that is the surface of a completely round ball (viz., analogous to the circular objects in two dimensions, where a "circle" circumscribes its "disk").

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Superior gemellus muscle

The superior gemellus muscle is a muscle of the human body.

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Tetrapod

The superclass Tetrapoda (from Greek: τετρα- "four" and πούς "foot") contains the four-limbed vertebrates known as tetrapods; it includes living and extinct amphibians, reptiles (including dinosaurs, and its subgroup birds) and mammals (including primates, and all hominid subgroups including humans), as well as earlier extinct groups.

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Third trochanter

| Name.

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Tibia

The tibia (plural tibiae or tibias), also known as the shinbone or shankbone, is the larger, stronger, and anterior (frontal) of the two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates (the other being the fibula, behind and to the outside of the tibia), and it connects the knee with the ankle bones.

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Torso

The torso or trunk is an anatomical term for the central part of the many animal bodies (including that of the human) from which extend the neck and limbs.

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Traction splint

A traction splint most commonly refers to a splinting device that uses straps attaching over the pelvis or hip as an anchor, a metal rod(s) to mimic normal bone stability and limb length, and a mechanical device to apply traction (used in an attempt to reduce pain, realign the limb, and minimize vascular and neurological complication) to the limb.

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Trochanter

The trochanter is an anatomical portion of the femur near its joint with the hip bone.

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Trochanteric fossa

In mammals including humans, the medial surface of the greater trochanter has at its base a deep depression bounded posteriorly by the intertrochanteric crest, called the trochanteric fossa.

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Upper extremity of femur

The upper extremity, proximal extremity or superior epiphysis of the femur is the part of the femur closest to the pelvic bone and the trunk.

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Vastus intermedius muscle

The vastus intermedius (Cruraeus) arises from the front and lateral surfaces of the body of the femur in its upper two-thirds, sitting under the rectus femoris muscle and from the lower part of the lateral intermuscular septum.

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Vastus lateralis muscle

The vastus lateralis, also called the vastus externus is the largest and most powerful part of the quadriceps femoris, a muscle in the thigh.

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Vastus medialis

The vastus medialis (vastus internus or teardrop muscle) is an extensor muscle located medially in the thigh that extends the knee.

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Vertebrate

Vertebrates comprise all species of animals within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones).

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Vestigiality

Vestigiality is the retention during the process of evolution of genetically determined structures or attributes that have lost some or all of their ancestral function in a given species.

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Walking

Walking (also known as ambulation) is one of the main gaits of locomotion among legged animals.

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Whale

Whales are a widely distributed and diverse group of fully aquatic placental marine mammals.

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Redirects here:

Facies patellaris femoris, Femir, Femora, Femoral bone, Femoral bones, Femoris, Femu, Femur bone, Femur bones, Femurs, Feumur, Fuemur, Fumeur, Fumuer, Fumur, Largest bone, Largest bones, Lateral supracondylar line of femur, Longissimum, Os femoris, Os longissimum, Patella surface of femur, Shenton's Line, Thigh bone, Thigh bones, Thigh-bone, Thighbone, Thighbones, Upper leg bone, Upper leg bones.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femur

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