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826 relations: Aalto University, Abitur, Academic degree, Academy Award for Best International Feature Film, Administrative court, Adolf Ivar Arwidsson, African diaspora in Finland, Age adjustment, Agrarian society, Agreement on Defense Cooperation between Finland and the United States of America, Aki Kaurismäki, Akseli Gallen-Kallela, Alaska, Aleksis Kivi, Alexander I of Russia, Alexander Stubb, All Saints' Day, Alpine tundra, Alvar Aalto, Amnesty International, Animal husbandry, Antti Jokinen, Arabic, Archipelago Sea, Arctic Circle, Arsenal, Art Nouveau, Artifact (archaeology), Association football, Atlantic salmon, Aulis Sallinen, Aurora, Automotive industry, Åbo Akademi University, Åland, Åland War, Baby boom, Baltic region, Baltic Sea, Baltic Sea cruiseferries, Baptism, Barents Sea, Barley, Baseball, Basketball, Battle of Suomussalmi, Battle of Tali–Ihantala, Battle of Vyborg Bay (1940), BBC News, Beetle, ... Expand index (776 more) »
- Countries and territories where Swedish is an official language
- Fennoscandia
- Member states of NATO
- Member states of the European Union
- Member states of the Union for the Mediterranean
- Members of the Nordic Council
- OECD members
- States and territories established in 1917
Aalto University
Aalto University (Aalto-yliopisto; Aalto-universitetet) is a public research university located in Espoo, Finland.
See Finland and Aalto University
Abitur
Abitur, often shortened colloquially to Abi, is a qualification granted at the end of secondary education in Germany.
Academic degree
An academic degree is a qualification awarded to a student upon successful completion of a course of study in higher education, usually at a college or university.
See Finland and Academic degree
Academy Award for Best International Feature Film
The Academy Award for Best International Feature Film (known as Best Foreign Language Film prior to 2020) is one of the Academy Awards handed out annually by the U.S.-based Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS).
See Finland and Academy Award for Best International Feature Film
Administrative court
An administrative court is a type of specialized court on administrative law, particularly disputes concerning the exercise of public power.
See Finland and Administrative court
Adolf Ivar Arwidsson
Adolf Ivar Arwidsson (7 August 1791 – 21 June 1858) was a Finnish political journalist, writer and historian.
See Finland and Adolf Ivar Arwidsson
African diaspora in Finland
The African diaspora in Finland (afrikkalaisten diaspora Suomessa) refers to the residents of Finland of full or partial African ancestry, mostly from Sub-Saharan Africa.
See Finland and African diaspora in Finland
Age adjustment
In epidemiology and demography, age adjustment, also called age standardization, is a technique used to allow statistical populations to be compared when the age profiles of the populations are quite different.
See Finland and Age adjustment
Agrarian society
An agrarian society, or agricultural society, is any community whose economy is based on producing and maintaining crops and farmland.
See Finland and Agrarian society
Agreement on Defense Cooperation between Finland and the United States of America
The Defense Cooperation Agreement (DCA) is an agreement between Finland and the United States approved and ratified by the Finnish Government on July 1, 2024.
See Finland and Agreement on Defense Cooperation between Finland and the United States of America
Aki Kaurismäki
Aki Olavi Kaurismäki (born 4 April 1957) is a Finnish film director and screenwriter.
See Finland and Aki Kaurismäki
Akseli Gallen-Kallela
Akseli Gallen-Kallela (26 April 1865 – 7 March 1931) was a Finnish painter who is best known for his illustrations of the Kalevala, the Finnish national epic.
See Finland and Akseli Gallen-Kallela
Alaska
Alaska is a non-contiguous U.S. state on the northwest extremity of North America.
Aleksis Kivi
Aleksis Kivi (born Alexis Stenvall; 10 October 1834 – 31 December 1872) was a Finnish writer who wrote the first significant novel in the Finnish language, Seitsemän veljestä ("Seven Brothers"), published in 1870.
Alexander I of Russia
Alexander I (–), nicknamed "the Blessed", was Emperor of Russia from 1801, the first king of Congress Poland from 1815, and the grand duke of Finland from 1809 to his death in 1825.
See Finland and Alexander I of Russia
Alexander Stubb
Cai-Göran Alexander Stubb (born 1 April 1968) is a Finnish politician currently serving as the 13th president of Finland since 1 March 2024, having won the 2024 presidential election.
See Finland and Alexander Stubb
All Saints' Day
All Saints' Day, also known as All Hallows' Day, the Feast of All Saints, the Feast of All Hallows, the Solemnity of All Saints, and Hallowmas, is a Christian solemnity celebrated in honour of all the saints of the Church, whether they are known or unknown.
See Finland and All Saints' Day
Alpine tundra
Alpine tundra is a type of natural region or biome that does not contain trees because it is at high elevation, with an associated harsh climate.
Alvar Aalto
Hugo Alvar Henrik Aalto (3 February 1898 – 11 May 1976) was a Finnish architect and designer.
Amnesty International
Amnesty International (also referred to as Amnesty or AI) is an international non-governmental organization focused on human rights, with its headquarters in the United Kingdom.
See Finland and Amnesty International
Animal husbandry
Animal husbandry is the branch of agriculture concerned with animals that are raised for meat, fibre, milk, or other products.
See Finland and Animal husbandry
Antti Jokinen
Antti Juhanpoika Jokinen (born 26 April 1968) is a Finnish music video and film director as well as a former college basketball player.
Arabic
Arabic (اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ, or عَرَبِيّ, or) is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world.
Archipelago Sea
The Archipelago Sea (Saaristomeri, Skärgårdshavet) is a part of the Baltic Sea between the Gulf of Bothnia, the Gulf of Finland and the Sea of Åland, within Finnish territorial waters.
See Finland and Archipelago Sea
Arctic Circle
The Arctic Circle is one of the two polar circles, and the most northerly of the five major circles of latitude as shown on maps of Earth at about 66° 34' N. Its southern equivalent is the Antarctic Circle.
Arsenal
An arsenal is a place where arms and ammunition are made, maintained and repaired, stored, or issued, in any combination, whether privately or publicly owned.
Art Nouveau
Art Nouveau is an international style of art, architecture, and applied art, especially the decorative arts.
Artifact (archaeology)
An artifact or artefact (British English) is a general term for an item made or given shape by humans, such as a tool or a work of art, especially an object of archaeological interest.
See Finland and Artifact (archaeology)
Association football
Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players each, who primarily use their feet to propel a ball around a rectangular field called a pitch.
See Finland and Association football
Atlantic salmon
The Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Salmonidae.
See Finland and Atlantic salmon
Aulis Sallinen
Aulis Heikki Sallinen (born 9 April 1935) is a Finnish contemporary classical music composer.
See Finland and Aulis Sallinen
Aurora
An aurora (aurorae or auroras), also commonly known as the northern lights (aurora borealis) or southern lights (aurora australis), is a natural light display in Earth's sky, predominantly seen in high-latitude regions (around the Arctic and Antarctic).
Automotive industry
The automotive industry comprises a wide range of companies and organizations involved in the design, development, manufacturing, marketing, selling, repairing, and modification of motor vehicles.
See Finland and Automotive industry
Åbo Akademi University
Åbo Akademi University (Åbo Akademi) is the only exclusively Swedish language multi-faculty university in Finland (or anywhere outside Sweden).
See Finland and Åbo Akademi University
Åland
Åland (Ahvenanmaa) is an autonomous and demilitarised region of Finland. Finland and Åland are countries and territories where Swedish is an official language and members of the Nordic Council.
Åland War
The Åland War was the operations of a Anglo-French naval force against military and civilian facilities on the coast of the Grand Duchy of Finland in 1854–1856, during the Crimean War between the Russian Empire and the allied France and Britain.
Baby boom
A baby boom is a period marked by a significant increase of births.
Baltic region
The Baltic Sea Region, alternatively the Baltic Rim countries (or simply the Baltic Rim), and the Baltic Sea countries/states, refers to the general area surrounding the Baltic Sea, including parts of Northern, Central and Eastern Europe.
Baltic Sea
The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, and the North and Central European Plain.
Baltic Sea cruiseferries
The Baltic Sea is crossed by several cruiseferry lines.
See Finland and Baltic Sea cruiseferries
Baptism
Baptism (from immersion, dipping in water) is a Christian sacrament of initiation almost invariably with the use of water.
Barents Sea
The Barents Sea (also; Barentshavet,; Barentsevo More) is a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean, located off the northern coasts of Norway and Russia and divided between Norwegian and Russian territorial waters.
Barley
Barley (Hordeum vulgare), a member of the grass family, is a major cereal grain grown in temperate climates globally.
Baseball
Baseball is a bat-and-ball sport played between two teams of nine players each, taking turns batting and fielding.
Basketball
Basketball is a team sport in which two teams, most commonly of five players each, opposing one another on a rectangular court, compete with the primary objective of shooting a basketball (approximately in diameter) through the defender's hoop (a basket in diameter mounted high to a backboard at each end of the court), while preventing the opposing team from shooting through their own hoop.
Battle of Suomussalmi
The Battle of Suomussalmi was fought between Finnish and Soviet forces in the Winter War.
See Finland and Battle of Suomussalmi
Battle of Tali–Ihantala
The Battle of Tali–Ihantala (June 25 to July 9, 1944) was part of the Finnish-Soviet Continuation War (1941–1944), which occurred during World War II.
See Finland and Battle of Tali–Ihantala
Battle of Vyborg Bay (1940)
The Battle of Vyborg Bay or Battle of Viipuri Bay (2–13 March 1940) was the culmination of the Soviet Union's second offensive and the last battle in the Winter War.
See Finland and Battle of Vyborg Bay (1940)
BBC News
BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world.
Beetle
Beetles are insects that form the order Coleoptera, in the superorder Holometabola.
Bilateral trade
Bilateral trade or clearing trade is trade exclusively between two states, particularly, barter trade based on bilateral deals between governments, and without using hard currency for payment.
See Finland and Bilateral trade
Bilberry
Bilberries or blueberries are Eurasian low-growing shrubs in the genus Vaccinium in the flowering plant family Ericaceae that bear edible, dark blue berries.
Birch
A birch is a thin-leaved deciduous hardwood tree of the genus Betula, in the family Betulaceae, which also includes alders, hazels, and hornbeams.
Birdwatching
Birdwatching, or birding, is the observing of birds, either as a recreational activity or as a form of citizen science.
Birger Jarl
Birger Jarl (21 October 1266), also known as Birger Magnusson, was a Swedish statesman and regent, jarl, and a member of the House of Bjelbo, who played a pivotal role in the consolidation of Sweden.
Birth rate
Birth rate, also known as natality, is the total number of live human births per 1,000 population for a given period divided by the length of the period in years.
Blue1
Blue1 Oy was a Finnish airline owned by CityJet.
Bog
A bog or bogland is a wetland that accumulates peat as a deposit of dead plant materials often mosses, typically sphagnum moss.
See Finland and Bog
Bolsheviks
The Bolsheviks (italic,; from большинство,, 'majority'), led by Vladimir Lenin, were a far-left faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split with the Mensheviks at the Second Party Congress in 1903.
Bordertown (Finnish TV series)
Bordertown (Sorjonen) is a Finnish crime drama and Nordic noir television series created by Miikko Oikkonen and starring Ville Virtanen as detective inspector Kari Sorjonen.
See Finland and Bordertown (Finnish TV series)
Boreal Kingdom
The Boreal Kingdom or Holarctic Kingdom (Holarctis) is a floristic kingdom identified by botanist Ronald Good (and later by Armen Takhtajan), which includes the temperate to Arctic portions of North America and Eurasia.
See Finland and Boreal Kingdom
Bronze Age
The Bronze Age was a historical period lasting from approximately 3300 to 1200 BC.
Brown bear
The brown bear (Ursus arctos) is a large bear native to Eurasia and North America.
Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
The Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor Affairs (DRL) is a bureau within the United States Department of State.
See Finland and Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
Business Finland
Business Finland is a public organization under the Finnish Ministry of Employment and the Economy.
See Finland and Business Finland
Bust (sculpture)
A bust is a sculpted or cast representation of the upper part of the human body, depicting a person's head and neck, and a variable portion of the chest and shoulders.
See Finland and Bust (sculpture)
Buttermilk
Buttermilk is a fermented dairy drink.
Cadre (military)
A cadre is the complement of commissioned officers and non-commissioned officers of a military unit responsible for training the rest of the unit.
See Finland and Cadre (military)
Cancer
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.
Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim
Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim (4 June 1867 – 27 January 1951) was a Finnish military commander, aristocrat, and statesman.
See Finland and Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim
Castoreum
Castoreum is a yellowish exudate from the castor sacs of mature beavers and platypuses.
Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.
See Finland and Catholic Church
Catholic Church in Finland
The Catholic Church in Finland (Katolinen kirkko Suomessa) is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome.
See Finland and Catholic Church in Finland
Cavalry
Historically, cavalry (from the French word cavalerie, itself derived from cheval meaning "horse") are soldiers or warriors who fight mounted on horseback.
Central Finland
Central Finland (Keski-Suomi; Mellersta Finland) is a region (maakunta / landskap) in Finland.
See Finland and Central Finland
Central Intelligence Agency
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), known informally as the Agency, metonymously as Langley and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT) and conducting covert action through its Directorate of Operations.
See Finland and Central Intelligence Agency
Central Ostrobothnia
Central Ostrobothnia (Keski-Pohjanmaa; Mellersta Österbotten) is a region in Finland.
See Finland and Central Ostrobothnia
Centre Party (Finland)
The Centre Party, (Cen; Suomen Keskusta, Kesk; Centern i Finland, C) officially the Centre Party of Finland, is an agrarian-centrist political party in Finland.
See Finland and Centre Party (Finland)
Cha Cha Cha (Käärijä song)
"Cha Cha Cha" is a song by Finnish rapper and singer Käärijä, released on 18 January 2023, through Warner Music Finland.
See Finland and Cha Cha Cha (Käärijä song)
Chancellor of Justice (Finland)
The chancellor of justice (oikeuskansleri, justitiekanslern) is a Finnish government official who supervises authorities', such as cabinet ministers', compliance with the law and advances legal protection of Finnish citizens.
See Finland and Chancellor of Justice (Finland)
Christian Democrats (Finland)
The Christian Democrats (CD; Suomen Kristillisdemokraatit; Kristdemokraterna i Finland, KD) is a Christian-democratic political party in Finland.
See Finland and Christian Democrats (Finland)
Christianity
Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
Christians
A Christian is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
Christina, Queen of Sweden
Christina (Kristina; 18 December 1626 – 19 April 1689) was a member of the House of Vasa and the Queen of Sweden in her own right from 1632 until her abdication in 1654.
See Finland and Christina, Queen of Sweden
Christmas
Christmas is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ, observed primarily on December 25 as a religious and cultural celebration among billions of people around the world.
Christmas Eve
Christmas Eve is the evening or entire day before Christmas Day, the festival commemorating the birth of Jesus.
Chromium
Chromium is a chemical element; it has symbol Cr and atomic number 24.
Circumboreal Region
The Circumboreal Region in phytogeography is a floristic region within the Holarctic Kingdom in Eurasia and North America, as delineated by such geobotanists as Josias Braun-Blanquet and Armen Takhtajan.
See Finland and Circumboreal Region
Civic nationalism
Civic nationalism, otherwise known as democratic nationalism, is a form of nationalism that adheres to traditional liberal values of freedom, tolerance, equality, and individual rights, and is not based on ethnocentrism.
See Finland and Civic nationalism
Civil law (legal system)
Civil law is a legal system originating in Italy and France that has been adopted in large parts of the world.
See Finland and Civil law (legal system)
Coffee
Coffee is a beverage brewed from roasted coffee beans.
Cold War
The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc, that started in 1947, two years after the end of World War II, and lasted until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Communist Party of Finland
The Communist Party of Finland (Suomen Kommunistinen Puolue, SKP; Finlands Kommunistiska Parti) was a communist political party in Finland.
See Finland and Communist Party of Finland
Competition
Competition is a rivalry where two or more parties strive for a common goal which cannot be shared: where one's gain is the other's loss (an example of which is a zero-sum game).
Confederation of Unions for Professional and Managerial Staff in Finland
The Confederation of Unions for Professional and Managerial Staff in Finland (Akava) is a trade union confederation in Finland representings employees with university-level, professional or other high-level training.
See Finland and Confederation of Unions for Professional and Managerial Staff in Finland
Confirmation (Lutheran Church)
Confirmation in the Lutheran Church is a public profession of faith prepared for by long and careful instruction.
See Finland and Confirmation (Lutheran Church)
Conscientious objector
A conscientious objector is an "individual who has claimed the right to refuse to perform military service" on the grounds of freedom of conscience or religion.
See Finland and Conscientious objector
Conscription in Finland
Conscription in Finland is part of a general compulsion for national military service for all adult males (maanpuolustusvelvollisuus; totalförsvarsplikt) defined in the section 127 of the Constitution of Finland.
See Finland and Conscription in Finland
Constitution of Finland
The Constitution of Finland (Suomen perustuslaki or Finlands grundlag) is the supreme source of national law of Finland.
See Finland and Constitution of Finland
Continental climate
Continental climates often have a significant annual variation in temperature (warm to hot summers and cold winters).
See Finland and Continental climate
Continuation War
The Continuation War, also known as the Second Soviet-Finnish War, was a conflict fought by Finland and Nazi Germany against the Soviet Union during World War II.
See Finland and Continuation War
Conurbation
A conurbation is a region comprising a number of metropolises, cities, large towns, and other urban areas which, through population growth and physical expansion, have merged to form one continuous urban or industrially developed area.
Cooperative
A cooperative (also known as co-operative, co-op, or coop) is "an autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and democratically-controlled enterprise".
Copper
Copper is a chemical element; it has symbol Cu and atomic number 29.
Corded Ware culture
The Corded Ware culture comprises a broad archaeological horizon of Europe between – 2350 BC, thus from the late Neolithic, through the Copper Age, and ending in the early Bronze Age.
See Finland and Corded Ware culture
Corruption Perceptions Index
The Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) is an index that scores and ranks countries by their perceived levels of public sector corruption, as assessed by experts and business executives.
See Finland and Corruption Perceptions Index
Council of Europe
The Council of Europe (CoE; Conseil de l'Europe, CdE) is an international organisation with the goal of upholding human rights, democracy and the rule of law in Europe.
See Finland and Council of Europe
Court
A court is any person or institution, often as a government institution, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties and carry out the administration of justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters in accordance with the rule of law.
COVID-19 pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic (also known as the coronavirus pandemic), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), began with an outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, in December 2019.
See Finland and COVID-19 pandemic
Crime film
Crime films, in the broadest sense, is a film genre inspired by and analogous to the crime fiction literary genre.
Crime in Finland
Crime in Finland is combated by the Finnish police and other agencies.
See Finland and Crime in Finland
Crimean War
The Crimean War was fought from October 1853 to February 1856 between the Russian Empire and an ultimately victorious alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, the United Kingdom, and Sardinia-Piedmont.
Cross-country skiing (sport)
Competitive cross-country skiing encompasses a variety of race formats and course lengths.
See Finland and Cross-country skiing (sport)
Cruise ship
Cruise ships are large passenger ships used mainly for vacationing.
D'Hondt method
The D'Hondt method, also called the Jefferson method or the greatest divisors method, is an apportionment method for allocating seats in parliaments among federal states, or in proportional representation among political parties.
See Finland and D'Hondt method
Dance music
Dance music is music composed specifically to facilitate or accompany dancing.
Danes
Danes (danskere) are an ethnic group and nationality native to Denmark and a modern nation identified with the country of Denmark.
Day-fine
A day-fine, day fine, unit fine or structured fine is a unit of payment for a legal fine which is based on the offender's daily personal income.
Democracy
Democracy (from dēmokratía, dēmos 'people' and kratos 'rule') is a system of government in which state power is vested in the people or the general population of a state.
Demographics of Finland
The demographics of Finland is monitored by the Statistics Finland (Tilastokeskus, Statistikcentralen).
See Finland and Demographics of Finland
Demoscene
The demoscene is an international computer art subculture focused on producing demos: self-contained, sometimes extremely small, computer programs that produce audiovisual presentations.
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus, often known simply as diabetes, is a group of common endocrine diseases characterized by sustained high blood sugar levels.
Diet of Porvoo
The Diet of Porvoo (Porvoon maapäivät, or unhistorically Porvoon valtiopäivät; Borgå lantdag; Боргоский сейм), was the summoned legislative assembly to establish the Grand Duchy of Finland in 1809 and the heir of the powers of the Swedish Riksdag of the Estates.
See Finland and Diet of Porvoo
Dome Karukoski
Thomas August George Dome Karukoski (born 29 December 1976) is a Finnish film director.
See Finland and Dome Karukoski
Dotdash Meredith
Dotdash Meredith (formerly The Mining Company, About.com and Dotdash) is an American digital media company based in New York City.
See Finland and Dotdash Meredith
Drama (film and television)
In film and television, drama is a category or genre of narrative fiction (or semi-fiction) intended to be more serious than humorous in tone.
See Finland and Drama (film and television)
Early 1990s depression in Finland
The early 1990s depression in Finland was one of the worst economic crises in Finland's history, even worse there than the 1930s Great Depression.
See Finland and Early 1990s depression in Finland
Early Finnish wars
There are scattered descriptions of early Finnish wars, conflicts involving the Finnish people, some of which took place before the Middle Ages.
See Finland and Early Finnish wars
Ease of doing business index
The ease of doing business index was an index created jointly by Simeon Djankov, Michael Klein, and Caralee McLiesh, three leading economists at the World Bank Group, following the release of World Development Report 2002.
See Finland and Ease of doing business index
Easter
Easter, also called Pascha (Aramaic, Greek, Latin) or Resurrection Sunday, is a Christian festival and cultural holiday commemorating the resurrection of Jesus from the dead, described in the New Testament as having occurred on the third day of his burial following his crucifixion by the Romans at Calvary.
Easter Monday
Easter Monday is the second day of Eastertide and a public holiday in some countries.
Eastern European Summer Time
Eastern European Summer Time (EEST) is one of the names of the UTC+03:00 time zone, which is 3 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time.
See Finland and Eastern European Summer Time
Eastern European Time
Eastern European Time (EET) is one of the names of UTC+02:00 time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time.
See Finland and Eastern European Time
Eastern Uusimaa
Eastern Uusimaa or, officially, Itä-Uusimaa (Itä-Uusimaa; Östra Nyland; literally "Eastern New Land") was one of the 19 regions of Finland, until it consolidated with the region of Uusimaa on 1 January 2011.
See Finland and Eastern Uusimaa
Ecoregion
An ecoregion (ecological region) is an ecologically and geographically defined area that is smaller than a bioregion, which in turn is smaller than a biogeographic realm.
Edith Södergran
Edith Irene Södergran (4 April 1892 – 24 June 1923) was a Swedish-speaking Finnish poet.
See Finland and Edith Södergran
Education in Finland
The educational system in Finland consists of daycare programmes (for babies and toddlers), a one-year "preschool" (age six), and an 11-year compulsory basic comprehensive school (age seven to age eighteen).
See Finland and Education in Finland
Edvin Laine
Edvin Laine (13 July 1905 – 18 November 1989) was a Finnish film director and actor.
Eero Järnefelt
Erik "Eero" Nikolai Järnefelt (8 November 1863 – 15 November 1937) was a Finnish painter and art professor.
See Finland and Eero Järnefelt
Eero Saarinen
Eero Saarinen (August 20, 1910 – September 1, 1961) was a Finnish-American architect and industrial designer who created a wide array of innovative designs for buildings and monuments, including the General Motors Technical Center in Warren, Michigan; the passenger terminal at Dulles International Airport outside Washington, D.C.; the TWA Flight Center (now TWA Hotel) at John F.
Eila Hiltunen
Eila Vilhelmina Hiltunen (22 November 1922, Sortavala – 10 October 2003, Helsinki) was a Finnish sculptor.
Eino Leino
Eino Leino (born Armas Einar Leopold Lönnbohm; 6 July 1878 – 10 January 1926) was a Finnish poet and journalist who is considered one of the pioneers of Finnish poetry and a national poet of Finland.
Einojuhani Rautavaara
Einojuhani Rautavaara (9 October 1928 – 27 July 2016) was a Finnish composer of classical music.
See Finland and Einojuhani Rautavaara
Ekenäs, Finland
Ekenäs (Tammisaari) is a town and former municipality in Finland that comprised the former municipalities of Snappertuna and Tenala together with the town of Ekenäs.
See Finland and Ekenäs, Finland
Elections to the European Parliament
Elections to the European Parliament take place every five years by universal adult suffrage; with more than 400 million people eligible to vote, they are the second largest democratic elections in the world after India's.
See Finland and Elections to the European Parliament
Electronics industry
The electronics industry is the economic sector that produces electronic devices.
See Finland and Electronics industry
Elias Lönnrot
Elias Lönnrot (9 April 1802 – 19 March 1884) was a Finnish polymath, physician, philosopher, poet, musician, linguist, journalist, philologist and collector of traditional Finnish oral poetry.
Eliel Saarinen
Gottlieb Eliel Saarinen (August 20, 1873 – July 1, 1950) was a Finnish-American architect known for his work with art nouveau buildings in the early years of the 20th century.
See Finland and Eliel Saarinen
Emergency service
Emergency services and rescue services are organizations that ensure public safety, security, and health by addressing and resolving different emergencies.
See Finland and Emergency service
Encyclopædia Britannica
The British Encyclopaedia is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.
See Finland and Encyclopædia Britannica
English language
English is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, whose speakers, called Anglophones, originated in early medieval England on the island of Great Britain.
See Finland and English language
Erik Blomberg
Erik Blomberg (18 September 1913 – 12 October 1996) was a Finnish cinematographer, film producer, screenwriter and film director.
Erkki Melartin
Erkki Gustaf Melartin (7 February 1875, Käkisalmi – 14 February 1937, Helsinki) was a Finnish composer, conductor, and teacher of the late-Romantic and early-modern periods.
See Finland and Erkki Melartin
Esa-Pekka Salonen
Esa-Pekka Salonen (born 30 June 1958) is a Finnish conductor and composer.
See Finland and Esa-Pekka Salonen
Esker
An esker, eskar, eschar, or os, sometimes called an asar, osar, or serpent kame, is a long, winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel, examples of which occur in glaciated and formerly glaciated regions of Europe and North America.
Espoo
Espoo (Esbo) is a city in Finland.
Estonia
Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. Finland and Estonia are countries in Europe, member states of NATO, member states of the European Union, member states of the Union for the Mediterranean, member states of the United Nations, OECD members, Post–Russian Empire states and republics.
Estonian language
Estonian (eesti keel) is a Finnic language of the Uralic family.
See Finland and Estonian language
Ethnic nationalism
Ethnic nationalism, also known as ethnonationalism, is a form of nationalism wherein the nation and nationality are defined in terms of ethnicity, with emphasis on an ethnocentric (and in some cases an ethnocratic) approach to various political issues related to national affirmation of a particular ethnic group.
See Finland and Ethnic nationalism
EU Battlegroup
An EU Battlegroup (EU BG) is a military unit adhering to the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) of the European Union (EU).
See Finland and EU Battlegroup
Eurajoki
Eurajoki (Euraåminne) is a municipality of Finland located in the region of Satakunta in the province of Western Finland.
Eurasia
Eurasia is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia.
Eurasian chaffinch
The Eurasian chaffinch, common chaffinch, or simply the chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs) is a common and widespread small passerine bird in the finch family.
See Finland and Eurasian chaffinch
Eurasian eagle-owl
The Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) is a species of eagle-owl, a type of bird that resides in much of Eurasia.
See Finland and Eurasian eagle-owl
Euro
The euro (symbol: €; currency code: EUR) is the official currency of 20 of the member states of the European Union.
See Finland and Euro
Euro sign
The euro sign is the currency sign used for the euro, the official currency of the eurozone and adopted, although not required to, by Kosovo and Montenegro.
Eurobarometer
Eurobarometer is a series of public opinion surveys conducted regularly on behalf of the European Commission and other EU institutions since 1973.
European Economic Community
The European Economic Community (EEC) was a regional organisation created by the Treaty of Rome of 1957,Today the largely rewritten treaty continues in force as the Treaty on the functioning of the European Union, as renamed by the Lisbon Treaty.
See Finland and European Economic Community
European route E12
European route E12 is a road that is part of the International E-road network.
See Finland and European route E12
European route E18
European route E18 runs between Craigavon in Northern Ireland and Saint Petersburg in Russia, passing through Scotland, England, Norway, Sweden and Finland.
See Finland and European route E18
European route E75
European route E 75 is part of the International E-road network, which is a series of main roads in Europe.
See Finland and European route E75
European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe.
See Finland and European Union
Eurostat
Eurostat ('European Statistical Office'; DG ESTAT) is a Directorate-General of the European Commission located in the Kirchberg quarter of Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.
Eurovision Song Contest
The Eurovision Song Contest (Concours Eurovision de la chanson), often known simply as Eurovision, is an international song competition organised annually by the European Broadcasting Union.
See Finland and Eurovision Song Contest
Eurozone
The euro area, commonly called the eurozone (EZ), is a currency union of 20 member states of the European Union (EU) that have adopted the euro (€) as their primary currency and sole legal tender, and have thus fully implemented EMU policies.
Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland
The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland (Suomen evankelis-luterilainen kirkko; Evangelisk-lutherska kyrkan i Finland) is a national church of Finland.
See Finland and Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland
Famine
A famine is a widespread scarcity of food caused by several possible factors, including, but not limited to war, natural disasters, crop failure, widespread poverty, an economic catastrophe or government policies.
Feast of the Ascension
The Feast of the Ascension of Jesus Christ (also called the Solemnity of the Ascension of the Lord, Ascension Day, Ascension Thursday, or sometimes Holy Thursday) commemorates the Christian belief of the bodily Ascension of Jesus into Heaven.
See Finland and Feast of the Ascension
February Manifesto
The February Manifesto, also known as His Imperial Majesty's Graceful Announcement (decree collection 3/1899) was a legislative act given by Emperor of Russia Nicholas II on 15 February 1899, defining the legislation order of laws concerning the Grand Duchy of Finland.
See Finland and February Manifesto
February Revolution
The February Revolution (Февральская революция), known in Soviet historiography as the February Bourgeois Democratic Revolution and sometimes as the March Revolution, was the first of two revolutions which took place in Russia in 1917.
See Finland and February Revolution
Fell
A fell (from Old Norse fell, fjall, "mountain"Falk and Torp (2006:161).) is a high and barren landscape feature, such as a mountain or moor-covered hill.
See Finland and Fell
Fen
A fen is a type of peat-accumulating wetland fed by mineral-rich ground or surface water.
See Finland and Fen
Fennoman movement
The Fennoman movement or Fennomania was a Finnish nationalist movement in the 19th-century Grand Duchy of Finland, built on the work of the fennophile interests of the 18th and early-19th centuries.
See Finland and Fennoman movement
Fennoscandia
Fennoscandia (Finnish, Swedish and nocat; Fennoskandiya), or the Fennoscandian Peninsula, is a peninsula in Europe which includes the Scandinavian and Kola peninsulas, mainland Finland, and Karelia.
Figure skating
Figure skating is a sport in which individuals, pairs, or groups perform on figure skates on ice.
See Finland and Figure skating
Financial market
A financial market is a market in which people trade financial securities and derivatives at low transaction costs.
See Finland and Financial market
Finland in World War II
Finland participated in the Second World War initially in a defensive war against the Soviet Union, followed by another, this time offensive, war against the Soviet Union acting in concert with Nazi Germany and then finally fighting alongside the Allies against Germany.
See Finland and Finland in World War II
Finland men's national basketball team
The Finland men's national basketball team (Suomen koripallomaajoukkue, Finlands herrlandslag i basket) represents Finland in international basketball competition.
See Finland and Finland men's national basketball team
Finland Swedish
Finland Swedish or Fenno-Swedish (finlandssvenska; suomenruotsi) is a variety of the Swedish language and a closely related group of Swedish dialects spoken in Finland by the Swedish-speaking population, commonly also referred to as Finland Swedes, as their first language.
See Finland and Finland Swedish
Finland-Swedish Sign Language
Finland-Swedish Sign Language (FinSSL) is a moribund sign language in Finland.
See Finland and Finland-Swedish Sign Language
Finland–NATO relations
Finland has been a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) since 4 April 2023.
See Finland and Finland–NATO relations
Finland–Russia relations
Relations between Finland and Russia have been conducted over many centuries, from wars between Sweden and Russia in the early 18th century, to the planned and realized creation and annexation of the Grand Duchy of Finland during Napoleonic times in the early 19th century, to the dissolution of the personal union between Russia and Finland after the forced abdication of Russia's last czar in 1917, and subsequent birth of modern Finland.
See Finland and Finland–Russia relations
Finland–United States relations
Finland and the United States currently have good relations.
See Finland and Finland–United States relations
Finlandia
Finlandia, Op. 26, is a tone poem by the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius.
Finlandization
Finlandization (suomettuminen; finlandisering; Finnlandisierung; soometumine; финляндизация, finlyandizatsiya) is the process by which one powerful country makes a smaller neighboring country refrain from opposing the former's foreign policy rules, while allowing it to keep its nominal independence and its own political system.
See Finland and Finlandization
Finnair
Finnair Oyj is the flag carrier and largest full-service legacy airline of Finland, with headquarters in Vantaa on the grounds of Helsinki Airport, its hub.
Finnic languages
The Finnic or Baltic Finnic languages constitute a branch of the Uralic language family spoken around the Baltic Sea by the Baltic Finnic peoples.
See Finland and Finnic languages
Finnish Air Force
The Finnish Air Force (FAF or FiAF; Air forces; Air arm) is one of the branches of the Finnish Defence Forces.
See Finland and Finnish Air Force
Finnish Army
The Finnish Army is the land forces branch of the Finnish Defence Forces.
Finnish Border Guard
The Finnish Border Guard (FBG) is the agency responsible for enforcing the security of Finland's borders.
See Finland and Finnish Border Guard
Finnish Civil War
The Finnish Civil War was a civil war in Finland in 1918 fought for the leadership and control of the country between White Finland and the Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic (Red Finland) during the country's transition from a grand duchy ruled by the Russian Empire to a fully independent state.
See Finland and Finnish Civil War
Finnish Declaration of Independence
The Finnish Declaration of Independence (Suomen itsenäisyysjulistus; Finlands självständighetsförklaring) was adopted by the Parliament of Finland on 6 December 1917.
See Finland and Finnish Declaration of Independence
Finnish Defence Forces
The Finnish Defence Forces (FDF) (Puolustusvoimat, Försvarsmakten) are the military of Finland.
See Finland and Finnish Defence Forces
Finnish Democratic Republic
The Finnish Democratic Republic (Suomen kansanvaltainen tasavalta or Suomen kansantasavalta, Demokratiska Republiken Finland, Russian: Финляндская Демократическая Республика), also known as the Terijoki Government (Terijoen hallitus), was a short-lived communist puppet state of the Soviet Union in occupied Finnish territory from December 1939 to March 1940.
See Finland and Finnish Democratic Republic
Finnish famine of 1866–1868
The Famine of 1866–1868 was the last famine in Finland, and (along with the subsequent Swedish famine of 1867-1869) the last major famine in Northern Europe.
See Finland and Finnish famine of 1866–1868
Finnish Government
The Finnish Government is the executive branch and cabinet of Finland, which directs the politics of Finland and is the main source of legislation proposed to the Parliament.
See Finland and Finnish Government
Finnish Kale
The Finnish Kale (Kàlo; Kalé; Kaale, also Suomen romanit – "Finnish Romani", or Mustalainen – literally "Gypsy", often considered offensive) are a Romani subgroup who live primarily in Finland and Sweden.
Finnish Kalo language
Finnish Kalo is a language of the Romani language family (a subgroup of Indo-European) spoken by Finnish Kale.
See Finland and Finnish Kalo language
Finnish Lakeland
Finnish Lakeland or Finnish lake district (Järvi-Suomi, "Lake Finland", Insjöfinland) is the largest of the four landscape regions into which the geography of Finland is divided.
See Finland and Finnish Lakeland
Finnish language
Finnish (endonym: suomi or suomen kieli) is a Finnic language of the Uralic language family, spoken by the majority of the population in Finland and by ethnic Finns outside of Finland.
See Finland and Finnish language
Finnish Main Line
The Finnish Main Line (Päärata; Stambanan) is a long electrified group of mainlines(Helsinki-Riihimäki,Riihimäki-Tampere,Tampere-Seinäjoki-Seinäjoki-Oulu) commonly called the Finnish Main Line in Finland between the cities of Helsinki and Oulu.
See Finland and Finnish Main Line
Finnish markka
The markka (markka; mark; sign: mk; ISO code: FIM), also known as the Finnish mark, was the currency of Finland from 1860 until 28 February 2002, when it ceased to be legal tender.
See Finland and Finnish markka
Finnish military administration in Eastern Karelia
The Finnish military administration in Eastern Karelia was an interim administrative system established in those areas of the Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic (KFSSR) of the Soviet Union which were occupied by the Finnish army during the Continuation War.
See Finland and Finnish military administration in Eastern Karelia
Finnish national road 1
The Finnish national road 1 (Valtatie 1 or Ykköstie; Riksväg 1) is the main route between the major cities of Helsinki and Turku in southern Finland.
See Finland and Finnish national road 1
Finnish national road 3
Finnish national road 3 (Valtatie 3 or Kolmostie; Riksväg 3) is a highway in Finland between Helsinki and Vaasa via Hämeenlinna and Tampere.
See Finland and Finnish national road 3
Finnish national road 4
Finnish national road 4 (Valtatie 4 or Nelostie; Riksväg 4 or Riksfyran; also known as Lahti Highway (Lahdenväylä; Lahtisleden) in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area) is a highway in Finland.
See Finland and Finnish national road 4
Finnish Navy
The Finnish Navy (Merivoimat, Marinen) is one of the branches of the Finnish Defence Forces.
Finnish opera
The origins of Finnish opera can be traced to the late 18th or 19th century, when the first opera performances were staged in Finland.
Finnish sauna
The Finnish sauna (bastu) is a substantial part of Finnish and Estonian culture.
Finnish Sign Language
Finnish Sign Language is the sign language most commonly used in Finland.
See Finland and Finnish Sign Language
Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic
The Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic (FSWR), more commonly referred to as Red Finland, was a self-proclaimed socialist state in Finland during the Finnish Civil War from January to May 1918. Finland and Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic are Post–Russian Empire states.
See Finland and Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic
Finnish Tatars
The Finnish Tatars are a Tatar ethnic group and minority in Finland whose community has approximately 600–700 members.
See Finland and Finnish Tatars
Finnish tribes
Finnish tribes (suomalaiset heimot) are ancient ethnic groups from which over time Finns evolved.
See Finland and Finnish tribes
Finnish War
The Finnish War (Finska kriget, Финляндская война, Suomen sota) was fought between the Kingdom of Sweden and the Russian Empire from 21 February 1808 to 17 September 1809 as part of the Napoleonic Wars.
Finnish war reparations to the Soviet Union
War reparations of Finland to the Soviet Union were originally worth US$300,000,000 at 1938 prices (equivalent to US$ in). Finland agreed to pay the reparations in the Moscow Armistice signed on 19 September 1944.
See Finland and Finnish war reparations to the Soviet Union
Finno-Soviet Treaty of 1948
The Agreement of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance of 1948, also known as the YYA Treaty from the Finnish Ystävyys-, yhteistyö- ja avunantosopimus (YYA-sopimus) (Swedish: Vänskaps-, samarbets- och biståndsavtalet (VSB-avtalet)), was the basis for Finno–Soviet relations from 1948 to 1992.
See Finland and Finno-Soviet Treaty of 1948
Finno-Ugric languages
Finno-Ugric is a traditional grouping of all languages in the Uralic language family except the Samoyedic languages.
See Finland and Finno-Ugric languages
Finns
Finns or Finnish people (suomalaiset) are a Baltic Finnic ethnic group native to Finland.
Finns Party
The Finns Party, (Perussuomalaiset, PS; Sannfinländarna, Sannf) formerly known as the True Finns, is a right-wing populist political party in Finland.
First language
A first language (L1), native language, native tongue, or mother tongue is the first language a person has been exposed to from birth or within the critical period.
See Finland and First language
First Swedish Crusade
The First Swedish Crusade was a possibly mythical military expedition in the 1150s to Southwestern Finland by Swedish King Eric IX and English Bishop Henry of Uppsala.
See Finland and First Swedish Crusade
Fish as food
Many species of fish are caught by humans and consumed as food in virtually all regions around the world.
Floorball
Floorball (also known by other names) is a type of floor hockey with five players and a goalkeeper in each team.
Fluorescence
Fluorescence is one of two kinds of emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation.
Fly fishing
Fly fishing is an angling technique that uses an ultra-lightweight lure called an artificial fly, which typically mimics small invertebrates such as flying and aquatic insects to attract and catch fish.
Flying Finn
"The Flying Finn" (Lentävä suomalainen, Flygande finländaren) is a nickname given to several Finnish athletes who were noted for their speed.
Folk high school
Folk high schools (also adult education center, folkehøjskole; volkshogeschool; kansanopisto and työväenopisto or kansalaisopisto; Volkshochschule and (a few) Heimvolkshochschule; folkehøgskole, folkehøgskule; Universidad popular; folkhögskola; Uniwersytet ludowy; népfőiskola) are institutions for adult education that generally do not grant academic degrees, though certain courses might exist leading to that goal.
See Finland and Folk high school
Folk music
Folk music is a music genre that includes traditional folk music and the contemporary genre that evolved from the former during the 20th-century folk revival.
Foreign relations of Finland
The foreign relations of Finland are the responsibility of the president of Finland, who leads foreign policy in cooperation with the government.
See Finland and Foreign relations of Finland
Forest Landscape Integrity Index
The Forest Landscape Integrity Index (FLII) is an annual global index of forest condition measured by degree of anthropogenic modification.
See Finland and Forest Landscape Integrity Index
Forestry
Forestry is the science and craft of creating, managing, planting, using, conserving and repairing forests and woodlands for associated resources for human and environmental benefits.
Formula One
Formula One, commonly known as Formula 1 or F1, is the highest class of international racing for open-wheel single-seater formula racing cars sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA).
Frans Eemil Sillanpää
Frans Eemil Sillanpää (16 September 1888 – 3 June 1964) was a Finnish author.
See Finland and Frans Eemil Sillanpää
Fredrik Pacius
Fredrik Pacius (born Friedrich Pacius; 19 March 1809 – 8 January 1891) was a German-Finnish composer and conductor who lived most of his life in Finland.
See Finland and Fredrik Pacius
Freedom of the press
Freedom of the press or freedom of the media is the fundamental principle that communication and expression through various media, including printed and electronic media, especially published materials, should be considered a right to be exercised freely.
See Finland and Freedom of the press
Functionalism (architecture)
In architecture, functionalism is the principle that buildings should be designed based solely on their purpose and function.
See Finland and Functionalism (architecture)
Gapminder Foundation
Gapminder Foundation is a non-profit venture registered in Stockholm, Sweden, that promotes sustainable global development and achievement of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals by increased use and understanding of statistics and other information about social, economic, and environmental development at local, national, and global levels.
See Finland and Gapminder Foundation
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is a legal agreement between many countries, whose overall purpose was to promote international trade by reducing or eliminating trade barriers such as tariffs or quotas.
See Finland and General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
German Empire
The German Empire, also referred to as Imperial Germany, the Second Reich or simply Germany, was the period of the German Reich from the unification of Germany in 1871 until the November Revolution in 1918, when the German Reich changed its form of government from a monarchy to a republic.
Germanic peoples
The Germanic peoples were tribal groups who once occupied Northwestern and Central Europe and Scandinavia during antiquity and into the early Middle Ages.
See Finland and Germanic peoples
Glam rock
Glam rock is a style of rock music that developed in the United Kingdom in the early 1970s and was performed by male musicians who wore flamboyant and feminine clothing, makeup, and hairstyles, particularly platform shoes and glitter, and female musicians who wore masculine clothing.
Gleysol
A gleysol or gley soil is a hydric soil that unless drained is saturated with groundwater for long enough to develop a characteristic colour pattern.
Global Innovation Index
The Global Innovation Index is an annual ranking of countries by their capacity for, and success in, innovation, published by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).
See Finland and Global Innovation Index
Global strategic petroleum reserves
Global strategic petroleum reserves (GSPR) refer to crude oil inventories (or stockpiles) held by the government of a particular country, as well as private industry, to safeguard the economy and help maintain national security during an energy crisis.
See Finland and Global strategic petroleum reserves
Gold
Gold is a chemical element; it has symbol Au (from the Latin word aurum) and atomic number 79.
See Finland and Gold
Golden Age of Finnish Art
The Golden Age of Finnish Art coincided with the national awakening of Finland, during the era of the Grand Duchy of Finland under the Russian Empire.
See Finland and Golden Age of Finnish Art
Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film
The Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film is a Golden Globe Award presented by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association to reward theatrically-released feature film not in the English language.
See Finland and Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film
Good Friday
Good Friday is a Christian holy day observing the crucifixion of Jesus and his death at Calvary.
Government of Åland
The Landskapsregering is the government of Åland, an autonomous region of Finland.
See Finland and Government of Åland
Grand Duchy of Finland
The Grand Duchy of Finland, officially and also translated as the Grand Principality of Finland, was the predecessor state of modern Finland. Finland and Grand Duchy of Finland are countries and territories where Swedish is an official language.
See Finland and Grand Duchy of Finland
Grand Prix (Cannes Film Festival)
The Grand Prix is an award of the Cannes Film Festival bestowed by the jury of the festival on one of the competing feature films.
See Finland and Grand Prix (Cannes Film Festival)
Granite
Granite is a coarse-grained (phaneritic) intrusive igneous rock composed mostly of quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase.
Great Famine of 1695–1697
The Great Famine of 1695–1697, or simply the Great Famine, was a catastrophic famine that affected the present Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Norway and Sweden, all of which belonged to the Swedish Empire with the exception of Norway.
See Finland and Great Famine of 1695–1697
Great Northern War plague outbreak
During the Great Northern War (1700–1721), many towns and areas around the Baltic Sea and East-Central Europe had a severe outbreak of the plague with a peak from 1708 to 1712.
See Finland and Great Northern War plague outbreak
Great Wrath
The Great Wrath (in contemporary sources:, 'Era of Russian domination/supremacy') was a period of Finnish history dominated by the Russian invasion and subsequent Russian military occupation of Finland, then part of the Swedish Empire, from 1714 until the treaty of Nystad (1721), which ended the Great Northern War.
Green League
The Green League, (Vihreä liitto, Vihr; Gröna förbundet; Ruoná lihttu; Ruánáá litto; Ruânn lett) shortened to the Greens, (Vihreät; de Gröna) is a green political party in Finland.
Greenland
Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat,; Grønland) is a North American island autonomous territory of the Kingdom of Denmark. Finland and Greenland are Christian states and members of the Nordic Council.
Gross domestic product
Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced and rendered in a specific time period by a country or countries.
See Finland and Gross domestic product
Grouse
Grouse are a group of birds from the order Galliformes, in the family Phasianidae.
Gulf of Bothnia
The Gulf of Bothnia (Pohjanlahti; Bottniska viken) is divided into the Bothnian Bay and Bothnian Sea, and it is the northernmost arm of the Baltic Sea, between Finland's west coast (East Bothnia) and the northern part of Sweden's east coast (West Bothnia and North Bothnia).
See Finland and Gulf of Bothnia
Gulf of Finland
The Gulf of Finland (Soome laht; Suomenlahti; p; Finska viken) is the easternmost arm of the Baltic Sea.
See Finland and Gulf of Finland
Gulf Stream
The Gulf Stream is a warm and swift Atlantic ocean current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico and flows through the Straits of Florida and up the eastern coastline of the United States, then veers east near 36°N latitude (North Carolina) and moves toward Northwest Europe as the North Atlantic Current.
Gustav Vasa
Gustav I (born Gustav Eriksson of the Vasa noble family; 12 May 1496 – 29 September 1560), commonly known as Gustav Vasa, was King of Sweden from 1523 until his death in 1560, previously self-recognised Protector of the Realm (Riksföreståndare) from 1521, during the ongoing Swedish War of Liberation against King Christian II of Denmark, Norway and Sweden.
Gymnasium (school)
Gymnasium (and variations of the word) is a term in various European languages for a secondary school that prepares students for higher education at a university.
See Finland and Gymnasium (school)
Hakkapeliitta
Hakkapeliitta (Finnish) is a historiographical term used for a Finnish light cavalryman in the service of King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden during the Thirty Years' War (1618 to 1648).
Halti
Halti (Halti, rarely Haltiatunturi., Háldičohkka, Haldefjäll) is a fell at the border between Norway and Finland.
Hamina
Hamina (Fredrikshamn,, Sweden) is a town and a municipality of Finland.
Handicraft
A handicraft is a traditional main sector of craft making and applies to a wide range of creative and design activities that are related to making things with one's hands and skill, including work with textiles, moldable and rigid materials, paper, plant fibers, clay, etc.
Hanko, Finland
Hanko (Hangö) is a town in Finland, located in the southern coast of the country.
See Finland and Hanko, Finland
Hannes Kolehmainen
Juho Pietari "Hannes" Kolehmainen (9 December 1889 – 11 January 1966) was a Finnish four-time Olympic gold medalist and a world record holder in middle- and long-distance running.
See Finland and Hannes Kolehmainen
Hanoi Rocks
Hanoi Rocks were a Finnish rock band formed in 1979.
Hard Rock Hallelujah
"Hard Rock Hallelujah" is a song by Finnish hard rock band Lordi.
See Finland and Hard Rock Hallelujah
Hämeenlinna
Hämeenlinna (Tavastehus; Hämienlinna; Tavastum or Croneburgum) is a city in Finland and the regional capital of Kanta-Häme.
Head of state
A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona of a sovereign state.
Health system
A health system, health care system or healthcare system is an organization of people, institutions, and resources that delivers health care services to meet the health needs of target populations.
Heavy metal music
Heavy metal (or simply metal) is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom and United States.
See Finland and Heavy metal music
Heimosodat
The Finnish term Heimosodat (singular heimosota) refers to a series of armed conflicts and private military expeditions in 1918–1922 into areas of the former Russian Empire that bordered on Finland and were inhabited in large part by other Finnic peoples.
Helene Schjerfbeck
Helena Sofia (Helene) Schjerfbeck (July 10, 1862 – January 23, 1946) was a Finnish painter.
See Finland and Helene Schjerfbeck
Helsingin Sanomat
, abbreviated HS and colloquially known as Hesari, is the largest subscription newspaper in Finland and the Nordic countries, owned by Sanoma.
See Finland and Helsingin Sanomat
Helsinki
Helsinki is the capital and most populous city in Finland.
Helsinki Airport
Helsinki-Vantaa Airport (Helsinki-Vantaan lentoasema, Helsingfors-Vanda flygplats), or simply Helsinki Airport, is the main international airport serving Helsinki, the capital of Finland, as well as its surrounding metropolitan area, and the Uusimaa region in Finland.
See Finland and Helsinki Airport
Helsinki capital region
The Helsinki capital region (pääkaupunkiseutu, huvudstadsregion) is the area formed by the cities of Espoo, Helsinki, Kauniainen and Vantaa in Finland.
See Finland and Helsinki capital region
Helsinki Cathedral
Helsinki Cathedral (Helsingin tuomiokirkko, Suurkirkko; Helsingfors domkyrka, Storkyrkan) is the Finnish Evangelical Lutheran cathedral of the Diocese of Helsinki, located in the neighborhood of Kruununhaka in the centre of Helsinki, Finland, at the Senate Square.
See Finland and Helsinki Cathedral
Helsinki Metro
The Helsinki Metro (Helsingin metro, Helsingfors metro) is a rapid transit system serving the Helsinki capital region, Finland.
See Finland and Helsinki Metro
Helsinki metropolitan area
Helsinki metropolitan area (Helsingin seutu, Helsingforsregionen) or Greater Helsinki (Suur-Helsinki., Storhelsingfors) is the metropolitan area around Helsinki, the capital city of Finland.
See Finland and Helsinki metropolitan area
Helsinki Metropolitan Area Council
The Helsinki Metropolitan Area Council (Pääkaupunkiseudun yhteistyövaltuuskunta, YTV, Huvudstadsregionens samarbetsdelegation, SAD) was a co-operation agency operating in the Helsinki metropolitan area, now replaced by HSL and HSY.
See Finland and Helsinki Metropolitan Area Council
Helsinki Times
Helsinki Times is the first English-language daily online newspaper in Finland providing domestic and international news for the country's English-speaking readers.
See Finland and Helsinki Times
Hemiboreal
Hemiboreal means halfway between the temperate and subarctic (or boreal) zones.
Here, Beneath the North Star
Here, Beneath the North Star (Täällä Pohjantähden alla) is a 1968 Finnish drama film directed by Edvin Laine.
See Finland and Here, Beneath the North Star
Highways in Finland
Highways in Finland, or Main roads, comprise the highest categories of roads in Finland.
See Finland and Highways in Finland
Hip hop music
Hip hop or hip-hop, also known as rap and formerly as disco rap, is a genre of popular music that originated in the early 1970s from the African American community.
Hippophae
Hippophae is the genus of sea buckthorns, deciduous shrubs in the family Elaeagnaceae.
Historical provinces of Finland
The historical provinces (historialliset maakunnat, singular historiallinen maakunta, historiska landskap) are former administrative or cultural areas of Finland, with origins from the slottslän of the Middle Ages.
See Finland and Historical provinces of Finland
History of Finland
The history of Finland begins around 9,000 BC during the end of the last glacial period.
See Finland and History of Finland
History of the Jews in Finland
The history of the Jews in Finland goes back to the late 18th century.
See Finland and History of the Jews in Finland
Homeland defense
Homeland defense (HD) is the protection of a territory, sovereignty, domestic population, and critical infrastructure against external threats and aggression.
See Finland and Homeland defense
Homicide
Homicide is an act in which a human causes the death of another human.
Hornet
Hornets (insects in the genus Vespa) are the largest of the eusocial wasps, and are similar in appearance to yellowjackets, their close relatives.
Hovrätt
The courts of appeal in Sweden and in Finland, also known as in Swedish and in Finnish (literally 'Royal Court'), deal with appeals against decisions of the district courts.
Hugo Simberg
Hugo Gerhard Simberg (24 June 1873 – 12 July 1917) was a Finnish symbolist painter and graphic artist.
Human development (economics)
Human development involves studies of the human condition with its core being the capability approach.
See Finland and Human development (economics)
Humid continental climate
A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers, and cold (sometimes severely cold in the northern areas) and snowy winters.
See Finland and Humid continental climate
Humus
In classical soil science, humus is the dark organic matter in soil that is formed by the decomposition of plant and animal matter.
Hungarian language
Hungarian is a Uralic language of the proposed Ugric branch spoken in Hungary and parts of several neighbouring countries.
See Finland and Hungarian language
Hunter-gatherer
A hunter-gatherer or forager is a human living in a community, or according to an ancestrally derived lifestyle, in which most or all food is obtained by foraging, that is, by gathering food from local naturally occurring sources, especially wild edible plants but also insects, fungi, honey, bird eggs, or anything safe to eat, and/or by hunting game (pursuing and/or trapping and killing wild animals, including catching fish).
See Finland and Hunter-gatherer
Hunting
Hunting is the human practice of seeking, pursuing, capturing, and killing wildlife or feral animals.
Hurriganes
Hurriganes was a Finnish rock band that was formed in the early 1970s.
Husky
Husky is a general term for a dog used in the polar regions, primarily and specifically for work as sled dogs.
Hydropower
Hydropower (from Ancient Greek -, "water"), also known as water power, is the use of falling or fast-running water to produce electricity or to power machines.
Ice hockey
Ice hockey (or simply hockey) is a team sport played on ice skates, usually on an ice skating rink with lines and markings specific to the sport.
Iceland
Iceland (Ísland) is a Nordic island country between the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between North America and Europe. Finland and Iceland are Christian states, countries in Europe, member states of NATO, member states of the United Nations, members of the Nordic Council, OECD members and republics.
Ievan polkka
"" (Finnish for "Ieva's Polka") is a Finnish song with lyrics printed in 1928 and written by Eino Kettunen to a traditional Finnish polka tune.
ILGA-Europe
ILGA-Europe is the European region of the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association.
Ilmari Tapiovaara
Yrjö Ilmari Tapiovaara (September 7, 1914 – January 31, 1999) was a Finnish designer noted for his furnishings and textiles.
See Finland and Ilmari Tapiovaara
Immigration to Finland
Immigration to Finland is the process by which people migrate to Finland to reside in the country.
See Finland and Immigration to Finland
Inari Sámi language
Inari Sámi (translation or label) is a Sámi language spoken by the Inari Sámi of Finland.
See Finland and Inari Sámi language
Independence Day (Finland)
Independence Day of Finland (itsenäisyyspäivä; självständighetsdagen) is a national public holiday, and a flag flying day, held on 6 December to celebrate Finland's declaration of full independence from the Russian Empire during the wake of the Russian civil war when the Bolsheviks took power in late 1917.
See Finland and Independence Day (Finland)
Independence of Finland
Finland declared its full independence on 6 December 1917.
See Finland and Independence of Finland
Index of Economic Freedom
The Index of Economic Freedom is an annual index and ranking created in 1995 by The Heritage Foundation and The Wall Street Journal to measure the degree of economic freedom in the world's nations.
See Finland and Index of Economic Freedom
Indigenous peoples
There is no generally accepted definition of Indigenous peoples, although in the 21st century the focus has been on self-identification, cultural difference from other groups in a state, a special relationship with their traditional territory, and an experience of subjugation and discrimination under a dominant cultural model.
See Finland and Indigenous peoples
Indo-European languages
The Indo-European languages are a language family native to the overwhelming majority of Europe, the Iranian plateau, and the northern Indian subcontinent.
See Finland and Indo-European languages
Industrial design
Industrial design is a process of design applied to physical products that are to be manufactured by mass production.
See Finland and Industrial design
Inspector Palmu's Mistake (film)
Komisario Palmun erehdys (Swedish title: Mysteriet Rygseck; international titles: Inspector Palmu's Mistake or Inspector Palmu's Error; US DVD title: The Rygseck Mystery) is a 1960 Finnish crime comedy film directed by Matti Kassila for Suomen Filmiteollisuus.
See Finland and Inspector Palmu's Mistake (film)
International Energy Agency
The International Energy Agency (IEA) is a Paris-based autonomous intergovernmental organisation, established in 1974, that provides policy recommendations, analysis and data on the global energy sector.
See Finland and International Energy Agency
International Futures
International Futures (IFs) is a global integrated assessment model designed to help with thinking strategically and systematically about key global systems (economic, demographic, education, health, environment, technology, domestic governance, infrastructure, agriculture, energy and environment).
See Finland and International Futures
International Institute for Management Development
International Institute for Management Development (IMD) is an independent academic institute with campuses in Lausanne, Switzerland and Singapore.
See Finland and International Institute for Management Development
International Monetary Fund
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the United Nations, and an international financial institution funded by 190 member countries, with headquarters in Washington, D.C. It is regarded as the global lender of last resort to national governments, and a leading supporter of exchange-rate stability.
See Finland and International Monetary Fund
International rankings of Finland
This table contains international rankings of Finland, including previous years when available.
See Finland and International rankings of Finland
International Security Assistance Force
The International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) was a multinational military mission in Afghanistan from 2001 to 2014.
See Finland and International Security Assistance Force
International trade
International trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories because there is a need or want of goods or services.
See Finland and International trade
Iron
Iron is a chemical element.
See Finland and Iron
Iron Age
The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three historical Metal Ages, after the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age.
Irreligion in Finland
Irreligion in Finland: according to Statistics Finland in 2020, 29.4% of the population in Finland were non-religious, or about 1,628,000 people.
See Finland and Irreligion in Finland
Islam in Finland
Finland is Christian majority country, with Islam being a minority faith.
See Finland and Islam in Finland
ISS A/S
ISS A/S (International Service System) is a facility management services company founded in Copenhagen, Denmark in 1901.
Jakobstad
Jakobstad (Pietarsaari) is a town in Finland, located on the west coast of the country.
Jalmari Helander
Jalmari Helander (born 21 July 1976) is a Finnish screenwriter and film director.
See Finland and Jalmari Helander
Javelin throw
The javelin throw is a track and field event where the javelin, a spear about in length, is thrown as far as possible.
Jazz
Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with its roots in blues, ragtime, European harmony and African rhythmic rituals.
See Finland and Jazz
Jean Sibelius
Jean Sibelius (born Johan Julius Christian Sibelius; 8 December 186520 September 1957) was a Finnish composer of the late Romantic and early modern periods.
Jews
The Jews (יְהוּדִים) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites of the ancient Near East, and whose traditional religion is Judaism.
See Finland and Jews
Joensuu
Joensuu (Jovensuu) is a city in Finland and the regional capital of North Karelia.
Johan Ludvig Runeberg
Johan Ludvig Runeberg (5 February 1804 – 6 May 1877) was a Finnish priest, lyric and epic poet.
See Finland and Johan Ludvig Runeberg
Johan Vilhelm Snellman
Johan Vilhelm Snellman (12 May 1806 – 4 July 1881) was an influential Fennoman philosopher and Finnish statesman, ennobled in 1866.
See Finland and Johan Vilhelm Snellman
Joik
A joik or yoik (anglicised, where the latter spelling in English conforms with the pronunciation; also named luohti, vuolle, vuelie, or juoiggus in the Sámi languages) is a traditional form of song in Sámi music performed by the Sámi people of Sapmi in Northern Europe.
See Finland and Joik
Joint Expeditionary Force
The Joint Expeditionary Force (JEF) is a United Kingdom-led Northern European multi-national military partnership designed for rapid response and expeditionary operations.
See Finland and Joint Expeditionary Force
Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953.
Judiciary of Sweden
The judicial system of Sweden consists of the law of Sweden and a number of government agencies tasked with upholding security and rule of law within the country.
See Finland and Judiciary of Sweden
Jugendstil
Jugendstil ("Youth Style") was an artistic movement, particularly in the decorative arts, that was influential primarily in Germany and elsewhere in Europe to a lesser extent from about 1895 until about 1910.
Juhani Aho
Juhani Aho, originally Johannes Brofeldt (11 September 1861 – 8 August 1921), was a Finnish author and journalist.
Juho Kusti Paasikivi
Juho Kusti Paasikivi (27 November 1870 – 14 December 1956) was a Finnish politician who served as the seventh president of Finland from 1946 to 1956.
See Finland and Juho Kusti Paasikivi
Jus sanguinis
Jus sanguinis ('right of blood') is a principle of nationality law by which nationality is determined or acquired by the nationality of one or both parents.
Jussi Halla-aho
Jussi Kristian Halla-aho (born 27 April 1971) is a Finnish politician, currently serving as the Speaker of the Parliament of Finland since 2023.
See Finland and Jussi Halla-aho
Jyväskylä
Jyväskylä is a city in Finland and the regional capital of Central Finland.
Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg
Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg (28 January 1865 – 22 September 1952) was a Finnish jurist and academic who was one of the most important pioneers of republicanism in the country.
See Finland and Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg
Kaija Saariaho
Kaija Anneli Saariaho (14 October 1952 – 2 June 2023) was a Finnish composer based in Paris, France.
See Finland and Kaija Saariaho
Kainuu
Kainuu, also historically known as Cajania (Kajanaland), is one of the 19 regions of Finland (maakunta / landskap).
Kajaani
Kajaani, historically known as Cajanaburg (Kajana), is a town in Finland and the regional capital of Kainuu.
Kalevala
The Kalevala is a 19th-century compilation of epic poetry, compiled by Elias Lönnrot from Karelian and Finnish oral folklore and mythology, telling an epic story about the Creation of the Earth, describing the controversies and retaliatory voyages between the peoples of the land of Kalevala called Väinölä and the land of Pohjola and their various protagonists and antagonists, as well as the construction and robbery of the epic mythical wealth-making machine Sampo.
Kanta-Häme
Kanta-Häme (Egentliga Tavastland), sometimes referred to by the obsolete Tavastia Proper or as the Häme region, is a region (maakunta / landskap) of Finland.
Karelia (historical province of Finland)
Karelia (Karjala) is a historical province of Finland, consisting of the modern-day Finnish regions of South Karelia and North Karelia plus the historical regions of Ladoga Karelia and the Karelian isthmus, which are now in Russia.
See Finland and Karelia (historical province of Finland)
Karelian language
Karelian (karjala, karjalan kieli|label.
See Finland and Karelian language
Karita Mattila
Karita Marjatta Mattila (born 5 September 1960) is a Finnish operatic soprano.
See Finland and Karita Mattila
Kauniainen
Kauniainen (Grankulla) is a town in Finland, located in the southern interior of the country.
Kayaking
Kayaking is the use of a kayak for moving over water.
Käärijä
Jere Mikael Pöyhönen (born 21 October 1993), known professionally as Käärijä, is a Finnish rapper, singer and songwriter.
Köppen climate classification
The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems.
See Finland and Köppen climate classification
Keke Rosberg
Keijo Erik Rosberg (born 6 December 1948), best known as "Keke", is a Finnish former racing driver and winner of the Formula One World Championship.
Kesko
Kesko Corporation (Kesko Oyj, Kesko Abp) is a Finnish retailing conglomerate with its head office in Kalasatama, Helsinki.
Kimi Räikkönen
Kimi-Matias Räikkönen (born 17 October 1979), nicknamed "The Iceman", is a Finnish racing driver who competed in Formula One between 2001 and 2021 for Sauber, McLaren, Ferrari, Lotus, and Alfa Romeo.
See Finland and Kimi Räikkönen
Kingdom of Finland (1918)
The Kingdom of Finland (Suomen kuningaskunta; Konungariket Finland; 19181919) was a failed attempt to establish a monarchy in Finland in the aftermath of the Finnish Declaration of Independence from Russia in December 1917 and the Finnish Civil War from January to May 1918. Finland and Kingdom of Finland (1918) are Post–Russian Empire states.
See Finland and Kingdom of Finland (1918)
Klaus Härö
Klaus Härö (born 31 March 1971 in Porvoo, Finland) is a Finnish film director.
Kokkola
Kokkola (Karleby) is a town in Finland and the regional capital of Central Ostrobothnia.
Koli National Park
Koli National Park (Kolin kansallispuisto) is a national park in the municipalities of Joensuu, Lieksa and Kontiolahti in the North Karelia region of Finland.
See Finland and Koli National Park
Kosovo Force
The Kosovo Force (KFOR) is a NATO-led international peacekeeping force in Kosovo.
Kotka
Kotka is a town in Finland, located on the southeastern coast of the country at the mouth of the Kymi River.
Kouvola
Kouvola is a city in Finland and the administrative capital of Kymenlaakso.
Kristinestad
Kristinestad (Sweden; Kristiinankaupunki; Christinea) is a town in Finland, located on the west coast of the country.
Kullervo (Sibelius)
Kullervo (sometimes referred to as the Kullervo Symphony), Op. 7, is a five-movement symphonic work for soprano, baritone, male choir, and orchestra written from 1891–1892 by the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius.
See Finland and Kullervo (Sibelius)
Kuopio
Kuopio is a city in Finland and the regional capital of North Savo.
Kyösti Kallio
Kyösti Kallio (10 April 1873 – 19 December 1940) was a Finnish politician who served as the fourth president of Finland from 1937 to 1940.
Kymenlaakso
Kymenlaakso (Kymmenedalen; "Kymi/Kymmene Valley") is a region in Finland.
Lactose intolerance
Lactose intolerance is caused by a lessened ability or a complete inability to digest lactose, a sugar found in dairy products.
See Finland and Lactose intolerance
Lahti
Lahti (Lahtis) is a city in Finland and the regional capital of Päijät-Häme.
Laila Pullinen
Laila Annikki Pullinen-Ramsay (21 July 1933 in Terijoki – 4 November 2015 in Helsinki) was a Finnish artist and sculptor.
See Finland and Laila Pullinen
Land reform
Land reform is a form of agrarian reform involving the changing of laws, regulations, or customs regarding land ownership.
Languages of the European Union
The European Union (EU) has 24 official languages, of which threeEnglish, French and Germanhave the status of "procedural" languages of the European Commission (whereas the European Parliament accepts all official languages as working languages).
See Finland and Languages of the European Union
Lapland (Finland)
Lapland (Lappi; Lappi; Lappi; Lappland; Lapponia; Skolt Sami: Ла̄ппӣ мäддкåҍддь, Lappi mäddkå'dd) is the largest and northernmost region of Finland.
See Finland and Lapland (Finland)
Lapland War
During World War II, the Lapland War (Lapin sota; Lapplandskriget.; Lapplandkrieg.) saw fighting between Finland and Nazi Germany – effectively from September to November 1944 – in Finland's northernmost region, Lapland.
Lappeenranta
Lappeenranta (Villmanstrand) is a city in Finland and the regional capital of South Karelia.
Lapua Movement
The Lapua Movement (Lapuanliike, Lapporörelsen) was a radical Finnish nationalist, fascist, pro-German and anti-communist political movement founded in and named after the town of Lapua.
See Finland and Lapua Movement
Last Glacial Period
The Last Glacial Period (LGP), also known as the Last glacial cycle, occurred from the end of the Last Interglacial to the beginning of the Holocene, years ago, and thus corresponds to most of the timespan of the Late Pleistocene.
See Finland and Last Glacial Period
Latitude
In geography, latitude is a coordinate that specifies the north–south position of a point on the surface of the Earth or another celestial body.
Lauri Kristian Relander
Lauri Kristian Relander (31 May 1883 – 9 February 1942) was the second president of Finland (1925–1931).
See Finland and Lauri Kristian Relander
League of Nations
The League of Nations (LN or LoN; Société des Nations, SdN) was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace.
See Finland and League of Nations
Leevi Madetoja
Leevi Antti Madetoja (17 February 1887 – 6 October 1947) was a Finnish composer, music critic, conductor, and teacher of the late-Romantic and early-modern periods.
See Finland and Leevi Madetoja
Left Alliance (Finland)
The Left Alliance (Vasemmistoliitto, Vas; Vänsterförbundet, VF) is a socialist political party in Finland.
See Finland and Left Alliance (Finland)
Levi, Finland
Levi is a fell located in Finnish Lapland, and the largest ski resort in Finland.
LGBT rights by country or territory
Rights affecting lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people vary greatly by country or jurisdiction—encompassing everything from the legal recognition of same-sex marriage to the death penalty for homosexuality.
See Finland and LGBT rights by country or territory
LGBT rights in Finland
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights in Finland are among the most advanced in the world.
See Finland and LGBT rights in Finland
Liberal democracy
Liberal democracy, western-style democracy, or substantive democracy is a form of government that combines the organization of a representative democracy with ideas of liberal political philosophy.
See Finland and Liberal democracy
Liberalism
Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on the rights of the individual, liberty, consent of the governed, political equality, right to private property and equality before the law.
Library of Congress
The Library of Congress (LOC) is a research library in Washington, D.C. that serves as the library and research service of the U.S. Congress and the de facto national library of the United States.
See Finland and Library of Congress
Life expectancy
Human life expectancy is a statistical measure of the estimate of the average remaining years of life at a given age.
See Finland and Life expectancy
Liinakhamari
Liinakhamari (Лиинахамари; Liinahamari; Linhammar) is an ice-free harbour and a rural locality in Pechengsky District of Murmansk Oblast, Russia.
Linnanmäki
Linnanmäki (Borgbacken, colloquially Lintsi) is an amusement park in Helsinki, Finland.
List of airports in Finland
Below is a list of airports, airfields and heliports in Finland, grouped by type and sorted by location.
See Finland and List of airports in Finland
List of countries and dependencies by area
This is a list of the world's countries and their dependencies by land, water, and total area, ranked by total area.
See Finland and List of countries and dependencies by area
List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita
The figures presented here do not take into account differences in the cost of living in different countries, and the results vary greatly from one year to another based on fluctuations in the exchange rates of the country's currency.
See Finland and List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita
List of Finland-related topics
This is a collection of articles relating to Finland, a country in Northern Europe.
See Finland and List of Finland-related topics
List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions
Formula One, abbreviated to F1, is the highest class of open-wheeled auto racing defined by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), motorsport's world governing body.
See Finland and List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions
List of glassware
Typical drinkware This list of glassware includes drinking vessels (drinkware) and tableware used to set a table for eating a meal, general glass items such as vases, and glasses used in the catering industry.
See Finland and List of glassware
List of lakes of Finland
There are 187,888 lakes in Finland larger than five ares (500 square metres / 5,382 sq.ft.). Saimaa is the largest lake in Finland, and the fourth-largest natural freshwater lake in Europe.
See Finland and List of lakes of Finland
List of national parks of Finland
There are 41 national parks in Finland.
See Finland and List of national parks of Finland
List of newspapers in Finland
As of 1946 most of the Finnish newspapers were affiliated with political parties.
See Finland and List of newspapers in Finland
List of political parties in Finland
This article is a list of political parties in Finland, which includes Finland’s national-level political parties and excludes local and provincial parties (such as the parties of Åland).
See Finland and List of political parties in Finland
List of tourist attractions in Helsinki
This is a list of popular tourism sights in Helsinki, the capital of Finland.
See Finland and List of tourist attractions in Helsinki
List of universities in Finland
This is a list of the universities in Finland.
See Finland and List of universities in Finland
List of World Rally Championship Drivers' champions
The World Rally Championship (WRC) is a rallying series administered by Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), motorsport's world governing body.
See Finland and List of World Rally Championship Drivers' champions
Literary modernism
Modernist literature originated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and is characterised by a self-conscious separation from traditional ways of writing in both poetry and prose fiction writing.
See Finland and Literary modernism
Livonian Crusade
The Livonian crusade consists of the various military Christianisation campaigns in medieval Livonia – modern Latvia and Estonia – during the Papal-sanctioned Northern Crusades in the 12th–13th century.
See Finland and Livonian Crusade
Lonely Planet
Lonely Planet is a travel guide book publisher.
Lordi
Lordi is a Finnish hard rock and heavy metal band.
LUT University
Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology LUT (Finnish: Lappeenrannan-Lahden teknillinen yliopisto LUT), better known by the abbreviation LUT University (Finnish: LUT-yliopisto) is a Finnish public research university which was established in 1969.
See Finland and LUT University
Lutheranism
Lutheranism is a major branch of Protestantism that identifies primarily with the theology of Martin Luther, the 16th-century German monk and reformer whose efforts to reform the theology and practices of the Catholic Church ended the Middle Ages and, in 1517, launched the Reformation.
Maamme
"Maamme" (Vårt land,; both meaning "Our Land") is the de facto national anthem of Finland.
Magnus Lindberg
Magnus Gustaf Adolf Lindberg (born 27 June 1958) is a Finnish composer and pianist.
See Finland and Magnus Lindberg
Mainland Finland
Mainland Finland (Manner-Suomi, Fasta Finland) is a term used in statistics and in other contexts to describe the continental parts of Finland, an area which excludes Åland.
See Finland and Mainland Finland
Major depressive disorder
Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known as clinical depression, is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of pervasive low mood, low self-esteem, and loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities.
See Finland and Major depressive disorder
Mammal
A mammal is a vertebrate animal of the class Mammalia.
Mariehamn
Mariehamn (Maarianhamina; Portus Mariae) is the capital of Åland, an autonomous territory under Finnish sovereignty.
Market economy
A market economy is an economic system in which the decisions regarding investment, production and distribution to the consumers are guided by the price signals created by the forces of supply and demand.
See Finland and Market economy
Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was an American initiative enacted in 1948 to provide foreign aid to Western Europe.
Martti Ahtisaari
Martti Oiva Kalevi Ahtisaari (23 June 1937 – 16 October 2023) was a Finnish politician, the tenth president of Finland, from 1994 to 2000, a Nobel Peace Prize laureate, and a United Nations diplomat and mediator noted for his international peace work.
See Finland and Martti Ahtisaari
Matti Kassila
Matti Kassila (12 January 1924 – 13 December 2018) was a Finnish film director who achieved fame as one of the most prominent Finnish filmmakers in the 1950s and 1960s.
Matti Klinge
Matti Klinge (31 August 1936 – 5 March 2023) was a Finnish historian.
Mauno Koivisto
Mauno Henrik Koivisto (25 November 1923 – 12 May 2017) was a Finnish politician who served as the ninth president of Finland from 1982 to 1994.
See Finland and Mauno Koivisto
Metsä Board
Metsä Board Oyj, previously known as M-real Corporation, is a European producer of fresh fibre paperboards including folding boxboards, food service boards and white kraftliners.
Metso
Metso Corporation (natively) was a Finnish industrial machinery company focusing on providing technology and services for mining, aggregates, and oil and gas, recycling, pulp and paper and other process industries.
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.
Midnight sun
Midnight sun, also known as polar day, is a natural phenomenon that occurs in the summer months in places north of the Arctic Circle or south of the Antarctic Circle, when the Sun remains visible at the local midnight.
Midsummer
Midsummer is a celebration of the season of summer, taking place on or near the date of the summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere; the longest day of the year.
Miina Sillanpää
Miina Sillanpää (originally Vilhelmiina Riktig) was a Finnish politician.
See Finland and Miina Sillanpää
Mika Häkkinen
Mika Pauli Häkkinen (born 28 September 1968), nicknamed "The Flying Finn", is a Finnish former racing driver.
Mika Kaurismäki
Mika Juhani Kaurismäki (born 21 September 1955) is a Finnish film director.
See Finland and Mika Kaurismäki
Mika Waltari
Mika Toimi Waltari (19 September 1908 – 26 August 1979) was a Finnish writer, best known for his best-selling novel The Egyptian (Sinuhe egyptiläinen).
Mikael Agricola
Mikael Agricola (c. 1510 – 9 April 1557) was a Finnish Lutheran clergyman who became the de facto founder of literary Finnish and a prominent proponent of the Protestant Reformation in Sweden, including Finland, which was a Swedish territory at the time.
See Finland and Mikael Agricola
Mikkeli
Mikkeli (S:t Michel; Michaelia; Mikhel) is a city in Finland and the regional capital of South Savo.
Military personnel
Military personnel or military service members are members of the state's armed forces.
See Finland and Military personnel
Minister of Finance (Finland)
The Minister of Finance is one of the Finnish Government's ministers.
See Finland and Minister of Finance (Finland)
Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Finland)
The Ministry for Foreign Affairs (MFA) is a ministry in the Finnish Government and is responsible for preparing and implementing the government's foreign policy.
See Finland and Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Finland)
Ministry of Defence (Finland)
The Ministry of Defence (puolustusministeriö, försvarsministeriet) is one of the 12 ministries which comprise the Finnish Government.
See Finland and Ministry of Defence (Finland)
Ministry of Education and Culture (Finland)
The Ministry of Education and Culture (Opetus- ja kulttuuriministeriö, Undervisnings- och kulturministeriet) is one of the twelve ministries in Finland.
See Finland and Ministry of Education and Culture (Finland)
Minna Canth
Minna Canth (born Ulrika Wilhelmina Johnson; 19 March 1844 – 12 May 1897) was a Finnish writer and social activist.
Mishar Tatar dialect
Mishar Tatar or Western Tatar (Мишәр, Mişär, Мишәр Татар, Mişär Tatar, көнбатыш татар, könbatış tatar) is a dialect of Tatar spoken by Mishar Tatars, mainly in Penza, Ulyanovsk, Orenburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Samara, Volgograd, and Saratov oblasts of Russia, in Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Chuvashia and Mordovia, and also in Finland.
See Finland and Mishar Tatar dialect
Modernism
Modernism was an early 20th-century movement in literature, visual arts, and music that emphasized experimentation, abstraction, and subjective experience.
Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, officially the Treaty of Non-Aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, was a non-aggression pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union with a secret protocol that partitioned between them or managed the sovereignty of the states in Central and Eastern Europe: Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland and Romania.
See Finland and Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
Moomins
The Moomins (mumintrollen) are the central characters in a series of novels, short stories, picture books, and a comic strip by Swedish-speaking Finnish writer and illustrator Tove Jansson, originally published in Swedish by Schildts in Finland.
Moorland
Moorland or moor is a type of habitat found in upland areas in temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands and montane grasslands and shrublands biomes, characterised by low-growing vegetation on acidic soils.
Moose
The moose ('moose'; used in North America) or elk ('elk' or 'elks'; used in Eurasia) (Alces alces) is the world's tallest, largest and heaviest extant species of deer and the only species in the genus Alces.
Moraine
A moraine is any accumulation of unconsolidated debris (regolith and rock), sometimes referred to as glacial till, that occurs in both currently and formerly glaciated regions, and that has been previously carried along by a glacier or ice sheet.
Moscow Armistice
The Moscow Armistice was signed between Finland on one side and the Soviet Union and United Kingdom on the other side on 19 September 1944, ending the Continuation War.
See Finland and Moscow Armistice
Moscow Peace Treaty
The Moscow Peace Treaty was signed by Finland and the Soviet Union on 12 March 1940, and the ratifications were exchanged on 21 March.
See Finland and Moscow Peace Treaty
Motorsport
Motorsport(s) or motor sport(s) are sporting events, competitions and related activities that primarily involve the use of automobiles, motorcycles, motorboats and powered aircraft.
MS Freedom of the Seas
MS Freedom of the Seas is a cruise ship operated by Royal Caribbean International.
See Finland and MS Freedom of the Seas
Municipalities of Åland
The 3 regions of Åland are divided into 16 municipalities (kommuner).
See Finland and Municipalities of Åland
Municipalities of Finland
The municipalities (kunta; kommun) represent the local level of administration in Finland and act as the fundamental, self-governing administrative units of the country.
See Finland and Municipalities of Finland
Municipalities of Lapland (Finland)
The 21 municipalities of the Lapland Region (Lappi; Sápmi; Lappland) in Finland are divided on six sub-regions.
See Finland and Municipalities of Lapland (Finland)
Musculoskeletal disorder
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are injuries or pain in the human musculoskeletal system, including the joints, ligaments, muscles, nerves, tendons, and structures that support limbs, neck and back.
See Finland and Musculoskeletal disorder
Music of Argentina
The music of Argentina includes a variety of traditional, classical, and popular genres.
See Finland and Music of Argentina
Mutual intelligibility
In linguistics, mutual intelligibility is a relationship between languages or dialects in which speakers of different but related varieties can readily understand each other without prior familiarity or special effort.
See Finland and Mutual intelligibility
Nasdaq Commodities
NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe is a trade name of NASDAQ OMX Oslo ASA, the single financial energy market for Norway, Denmark, Sweden and Finland.
See Finland and Nasdaq Commodities
National anthem
A national anthem is a patriotic musical composition symbolizing and evoking eulogies of the history and traditions of a country or nation.
See Finland and National anthem
National Coalition Party
The National Coalition Party (NCP; Kansallinen Kokoomus, Kok; Samlingspartiet, Saml) is a liberal-conservative political party in Finland.
See Finland and National Coalition Party
National epic
A national epic is an epic poem or a literary work of epic scope which seeks to or is believed to capture and express the essence or spirit of a particular nation—not necessarily a nation state, but at least an ethnic or linguistic group with aspirations to independence or autonomy.
National sport
A national sport is a physical activity or sport that is culturally significant or deeply embedded in a nation, serving as a national symbol and an intrinsic element to a nation's identity and culture.
See Finland and National sport
NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO; Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance of 32 member states—30 European and 2 North American.
See Finland and NATO
NATO Response Force
The NATO Response Force (NRF) is a high-readiness NATO rapid deployment force comprising land, sea, air, and special forces units capable of being deployed quickly within short notice.
See Finland and NATO Response Force
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship.
Närpes
Närpes (Finland Swedish:; Närpiö) is a town in Finland, located on the west coast of the country.
Neste
Neste Oyj (international name: Neste Corporation; former names Neste Oil Corporation and Fortum Oil and Gas Oy) is an oil refining and marketing company located in Espoo, Finland. It produces, refines and markets oil products, provides engineering services, and licenses production technologies.
Networked Readiness Index
The Networked Readiness Index is an index published annually by the World Economic Forum in collaboration with INSEAD, as part of their annual Global Information Technology Report.
See Finland and Networked Readiness Index
Neutral country
A neutral country is a state that is neutral towards belligerents in a specific war or holds itself as permanently neutral in all future conflicts (including avoiding entering into military alliances such as NATO, CSTO or the SCO).
See Finland and Neutral country
New Testament
The New Testament (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon.
New Year's Day
In the Gregorian calendar, New Year's Day is the first day of the calendar year, 1 January.
See Finland and New Year's Day
Nicholas II
Nicholas II (Nikolai Alexandrovich Romanov; 186817 July 1918) or Nikolai II was the last reigning Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Poland, and Grand Duke of Finland from 1 November 1894 until his abdication on 15 March 1917.
Nickel
Nickel is a chemical element; it has symbol Ni and atomic number 28.
Nobel Peace Prize
The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish and Nobels fredspris) is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Swedish industrialist, inventor, and armaments (military weapons and equipment) manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature.
See Finland and Nobel Peace Prize
Nobel Prize in Literature
The Nobel Prize in Literature (here meaning for literature; Nobelpriset i litteratur) is a Swedish literature prize that is awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, "in the field of literature, produced the most outstanding work in an idealistic direction" (original den som inom litteraturen har producerat det utmärktaste i idealisk riktning).
See Finland and Nobel Prize in Literature
Nokia
Nokia Corporation (natively Nokia Oyj in Finnish and Nokia Abp in Swedish, referred to as Nokia) is a Finnish multinational telecommunications, information technology, and consumer electronics corporation, originally established as a pulp mill in 1865.
Nord Pool
Nord Pool AS is a pan-European power exchange.
Nordea
Nordea Bank Abp, commonly referred to as Nordea, is a Nordic financial services group operating in northern Europe with headquarters in Helsinki, Finland.
Nordic Classicism
Nordic Classicism was a style of architecture that briefly blossomed in the Nordic countries (Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Finland) between 1910 and 1930.
See Finland and Nordic Classicism
Nordic Council
The Nordic Council is the official body for formal inter-parliamentary Nordic cooperation among the Nordic countries.
See Finland and Nordic Council
Nordic countries
The Nordic countries (also known as the Nordics or Norden) are a geographical and cultural region in Northern Europe and the North Atlantic.
See Finland and Nordic countries
Nordic energy market
Nordic electricity market is a common market for electricity in the Nordic countries.
See Finland and Nordic energy market
Nordic model
The Nordic model comprises the economic and social policies as well as typical cultural practices common in the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden).
Nordic Regional Airlines
Nordic Regional Airlines Oy (abbreviated as Norra and often stylised as N°RRA, previously Flybe Nordic) is a Finnish regional airline based on the grounds of Helsinki Airport.
See Finland and Nordic Regional Airlines
Nordic skiing
Nordic skiing encompasses the various types of skiing in which the toe of the ski boot is fixed to the binding in a manner that allows the heel to rise off the ski, unlike alpine skiing, where the boot is attached to the ski from toe to heel.
Nordic walking
Nordic walking is a Finnish-origin total-body version of walking that can be done both by non-athletes as a health-promoting physical activity and by athletes as a sport.
See Finland and Nordic walking
North Germanic languages
The North Germanic languages make up one of the three branches of the Germanic languages—a sub-family of the Indo-European languages—along with the West Germanic languages and the extinct East Germanic languages.
See Finland and North Germanic languages
North Karelia
North Karelia (or Northern Karelia, Pohjois-Karjala; Norra Karelen) is a region in eastern Finland.
North Ostrobothnia
North Ostrobothnia (Pohjois-Pohjanmaa; Norra Österbotten) is a region of Finland.
See Finland and North Ostrobothnia
North Savo
North Savo (or Northern Savonia; Pohjois-Savo; Norra Savolax) is a region in eastern Finland.
Northern Crusades
The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were Christianization campaigns undertaken by Catholic Christian military orders and kingdoms, primarily against the pagan Baltic, Finnic and West Slavic peoples around the southern and eastern shores of the Baltic Sea, and also against Orthodox Christian East Slavs.
See Finland and Northern Crusades
Northern Europe
The northern region of Europe has several definitions.
See Finland and Northern Europe
Northern pike
The northern pike (Esox lucius) is a species of carnivorous fish of the genus Esox (pikes).
Northern Sámi
Northern Sámi or North Sámi (Davvisámegiella; Pohjoissaame; Nordsamisk; Nordsamiska; disapproved exonym Lappish or Lapp) is the most widely spoken of all Sámi languages.
Norway
Norway (Norge, Noreg), formally the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula. Finland and Norway are countries in Europe, member states of NATO, member states of the United Nations, members of the Nordic Council and OECD members.
Norwegian Air Shuttle
Norwegian Air Shuttle ASA, trading as Norwegian, is a Norwegian low-cost airline and Scandinavia's second-largest airline, behind Scandinavian Airlines.
See Finland and Norwegian Air Shuttle
Novgorod Republic
The Novgorod Republic (Novgorodskaya respublika) was a medieval state that existed from the 12th to 15th centuries in northern Russia, stretching from the Gulf of Finland in the west to the northern Ural Mountains in the east.
See Finland and Novgorod Republic
Nuorgam
Nuorgam is a village in the Utsjoki municipality in the region of Lapland, Finland.
Nykarleby
Nykarleby (Uusikaarlepyy) is a town in Finland, located on the west coast of the country.
Oasis of the Seas
Oasis of the Seas is a cruise ship operated by Royal Caribbean International.
See Finland and Oasis of the Seas
Oat
The oat (Avena sativa), sometimes called the common oat, is a species of cereal grain grown for its seed, which is known by the same name (usually in the plural).
See Finland and Oat
Oceanic climate
An oceanic climate, also known as a marine climate or maritime climate, is the temperate climate sub-type in Köppen classification represented as Cfb, typical of west coasts in higher middle latitudes of continents, generally featuring cool to warm summers and cool to mild winters (for their latitude), with a relatively narrow annual temperature range and few extremes of temperature.
See Finland and Oceanic climate
October Revolution
The October Revolution, also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution (in Soviet historiography), October coup,, britannica.com Bolshevik coup, or Bolshevik revolution, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was a key moment in the larger Russian Revolution of 1917–1923.
See Finland and October Revolution
OECD
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, OCDE) is an intergovernmental organisation with 38 member countries, founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade.
See Finland and OECD
Oil and gas reserves and resource quantification
Oil and gas reserves denote discovered quantities of crude oil and natural gas (oil or gas '''fields''') that can be profitably produced/recovered from an approved development.
See Finland and Oil and gas reserves and resource quantification
Olavinlinna
Olavinlinna (also known as St. Olaf's Castle; Olofsborg; Olafsburg) is a 15th-century three-tower castle located in Savonlinna, Finland.
Old-growth forest
An old-growth forest (also referred to as primary forest) is a forest that has developed over a long period of time without disturbance.
See Finland and Old-growth forest
Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant
The Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant (Olkiluodon ydinvoimalaitos, Olkiluoto kärnkraftverk) is one of Finland's two nuclear power plants, the other being the two-unit Loviisa Nuclear Power Plant.
See Finland and Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant
Olympic Games
The modern Olympic Games or Olympics (Jeux olympiques) are the leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions.
Onciderini
Onciderini is a tribe of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, they are prevalent across Europe in nations such as Turkey, and Finland.
Onkalo spent nuclear fuel repository
The Onkalo spent nuclear fuel repository is a deep geological repository for the final disposal of spent nuclear fuel.
See Finland and Onkalo spent nuclear fuel repository
OP Financial Group
OP Financial Group is one of the largest financial companies in Finland.
See Finland and OP Financial Group
Operation Barbarossa
Operation Barbarossa (Unternehmen Barbarossa) was the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany and many of its Axis allies, starting on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during World War II.
See Finland and Operation Barbarossa
Organic architecture
Organic architecture is a philosophy of architecture which promotes harmony between human habitation and the natural world.
See Finland and Organic architecture
Orpo Cabinet
The Orpo Cabinet is the 77th government of Finland.
Orthodox Church of Finland
The Orthodox Church of Finland or Finnish Orthodox Church (lit; Ortodoxa kyrkan i Finland) is an autonomous Eastern Orthodox archdiocese of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople.
See Finland and Orthodox Church of Finland
Oskar Merikanto
Oskar Merikanto (born Frans Oskar Ala-Kanto; 5 August 1868, Helsinki17 February 1924, Hausjärvi-Oitti) was a Finnish composer, music critic, pianist, and organist.
See Finland and Oskar Merikanto
Ostrobothnia (historical province)
Ostrobothnia, Österbotten (literally "Eastern Bottom", "botten" deriving from Old Norse botn in the meaning of 'bay', and Latinized "bothnia"), Pohjanmaa (literally "Bottom (low) lands" or alternatively "Northland") is a historical province comprising a large western and northern part of modern Finland (which was then the eastern half of Sweden).
See Finland and Ostrobothnia (historical province)
Ostrobothnia (region)
Ostrobothnia (Österbotten; Pohjanmaa) is a region in western Finland.
See Finland and Ostrobothnia (region)
Oulu
Oulu (Uleåborg) is a city in Finland and the regional capital of North Ostrobothnia.
See Finland and Oulu
Oulu Airport
Oulu Airport (Oulun lentoasema, Uleåborgs flygplats) is located in Oulu, Finland, south-west of the city centre.
Our World in Data
Our World in Data (OWID) is a scientific online publication that focuses on large global problems such as poverty, disease, hunger, climate change, war, existential risks, and inequality.
See Finland and Our World in Data
Outline of Finland
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Finland.
See Finland and Outline of Finland
Paavo Haavikko
Paavo Juhani Haavikko (January 25, 1931 in Helsinki – October 6, 2008) was a Finnish poet, playwright, essayist and publisher, considered one of the country's most outstanding writers.
See Finland and Paavo Haavikko
Paavo Nurmi
Paavo Johannes Nurmi (13 June 1897 – 2 October 1973) was a Finnish middle-distance and long-distance runner.
Pargas
Pargas (Parainen) is a town and municipality of Finland, in the Archipelago Sea, the biggest archipelago in the world by the number of islands, 50,000.
Parliament of Finland
The Parliament of Finland is the unicameral and supreme legislature of Finland, founded on 9 May 1906.
See Finland and Parliament of Finland
Parliamentary republic
A parliamentary republic is a republic that operates under a parliamentary system of government where the executive branch (the government) derives its legitimacy from and is accountable to the legislature (the parliament).
See Finland and Parliamentary republic
Päijät-Häme
Päijät-Häme (Päijänne-Tavastland) is a region in Southern Finland south of the lake Päijänne.
Peasant
A peasant is a pre-industrial agricultural laborer or a farmer with limited land-ownership, especially one living in the Middle Ages under feudalism and paying rent, tax, fees, or services to a landlord. In Europe, three classes of peasants existed: non-free slaves, semi-free serfs, and free tenants.
Peat
Peat is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation or organic matter.
See Finland and Peat
Pechengsky District
Pechengsky District (Пе́ченгский райо́н; Petsamo; Peisen; Beahcán; Peäccam) is an administrative district (raion), one of the six in Murmansk Oblast, Russia.
See Finland and Pechengsky District
Pehr Evind Svinhufvud
Pehr Evind Svinhufvud af Qvalstad (15 December 1861 – 29 February 1944) was the third president of Finland from 1931 to 1937.
See Finland and Pehr Evind Svinhufvud
Pekka Halonen
Pekka Halonen (23 September 1865 – 1 December 1933) was a Finnish painter of landscapes and people in the national romantic and Realist styles.
Pekka Kuusisto
Pekka Kuusisto (born 7 October 1976) is a Finnish musician.
See Finland and Pekka Kuusisto
Per Brahe the Younger
Count Per Brahe the Younger (18 February 1602 – 12 September 1680) was a Swedish soldier, statesman, and author.
See Finland and Per Brahe the Younger
Perch
Perch is a common name for freshwater fish from the genus Perca, which belongs to the family Percidae of the large order Perciformes.
Pesäpallo
Pesäpallo (literally meaning "nest ball", colloquially known in Finnish as pesis and also referred to as Finnish baseball) is a fast-moving bat-and-ball sport that is often referred to as the national sport of Finland and has some presence in other places including Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, Australia, and Canada's northern Ontario (the latter two countries have significant Nordic populations).
Petteri Orpo
Antti Petteri Orpo (born 3 November 1969) is a Finnish politician currently serving as the prime minister of Finland since 2023 and as the leader of the National Coalition Party since 2016.
Pew Research Center
The Pew Research Center (also simply known as Pew) is a nonpartisan American think tank based in Washington, D.C. It provides information on social issues, public opinion, and demographic trends shaping the United States and the world.
See Finland and Pew Research Center
Phytogeography
Phytogeography (from Greek φυτόν, phytón.
See Finland and Phytogeography
Pine
A pine is any conifer tree or shrub in the genus Pinus of the family Pinaceae.
See Finland and Pine
Pirkanmaa
Pirkanmaa (Birkaland; Birkaria), also known as Tampere Region in government documents, is a region of Finland.
Podzol
In soil science, podzols, also known as podosols, spodosols, or espodossolos, are the typical soils of coniferous or boreal forests and also the typical soils of eucalypt forests and heathlands in southern Australia.
Polar night
Polar night is a phenomenon in the northernmost and southernmost regions of Earth where night lasts for more than 24 hours.
Polka
Polka is a dance style and genre of dance music originating in nineteenth-century Bohemia, now part of the Czech Republic.
Popular music
Popular music is music with wide appeal that is typically distributed to large audiences through the music industry.
Pori
Pori (Björneborg; Arctopolis) is a city in Finland and the regional capital of Satakunta.
See Finland and Pori
Porvoo
Porvoo (Borgå; Borgoa) is a city in Finland.
Posiva
Posiva Oy is a Finnish company with headquarters in the municipality of Eurajoki, Finland.
Post-glacial rebound
Post-glacial rebound (also called isostatic rebound or crustal rebound) is the rise of land masses after the removal of the huge weight of ice sheets during the last glacial period, which had caused isostatic depression.
See Finland and Post-glacial rebound
Posti Group
Group (previously during 1994–2007 and during 2007–2015), trading internationally as Posti Group Corporation, is the main Finnish postal service delivering mail and parcels in Finland.
President of Finland
The president of the Republic of Finland (Suomen tasavallan presidentti; republiken Finlands president) is the head of state of Finland.
See Finland and President of Finland
Presidential system
A presidential system, or single executive system, is a form of government in which a head of government, typically with the title of president, leads an executive branch that is separate from the legislative branch in systems that use separation of powers.
See Finland and Presidential system
Primary sector of the economy
The primary sector of the economy includes any industry involved in the extraction and production of raw materials, such as farming, logging, fishing, forestry and mining.
See Finland and Primary sector of the economy
Prime Minister of Finland
The prime minister of Finland (Suomen pääministeri) is the leader of the Finnish Government.
See Finland and Prime Minister of Finland
Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse
Frederick Charles Louis Constantine, Prince and Landgrave of Hesse (Hessen-Kassel; Fredrik Kaarle; 1 May 1868 – 28 May 1940), was the brother-in-law of the German Emperor, Wilhelm II.
See Finland and Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse
Product market
In economics, the product market is the marketplace where final goods or services are sold to household and the foreign sector.
See Finland and Product market
Progressive rock
Progressive rock (shortened as prog rock or simply prog) is a broad genre of rock music that primarily developed in the United Kingdom through the mid- to late 1960s, peaking in the early 1970s.
See Finland and Progressive rock
Protestantism
Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes justification of sinners through faith alone, the teaching that salvation comes by unmerited divine grace, the priesthood of all believers, and the Bible as the sole infallible source of authority for Christian faith and practice.
Public broadcasting
Public broadcasting (or public service broadcasting) involves radio, television, and other electronic media outlets whose primary mission is public service.
See Finland and Public broadcasting
Pulp and paper industry
The pulp and paper industry comprises companies that use wood, specifically pulpwood, as raw material and produce pulp, paper, paperboard, and other cellulose-based products.
See Finland and Pulp and paper industry
Punk rock
Punk rock (also known as simply punk) is a music genre that emerged in the mid-1970s.
Racism in Finland
A 2011 poll showed that 66% of Finnish respondents considered Finland to be a racist country but only 14% admitted to being racist themselves.
See Finland and Racism in Finland
Rauma, Finland
Rauma (Raumo) is a town in Finland, located on the western coast of the country.
See Finland and Rauma, Finland
Realism (arts)
Realism in the arts is generally the attempt to represent subject matter truthfully, without artificiality and avoiding speculative and supernatural elements.
See Finland and Realism (arts)
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union.
Red Guards (Finland)
The Red Guards (Punakaarti,; Röda gardet) were the paramilitary units of the labour movement in Finland during the early 1900s.
See Finland and Red Guards (Finland)
Redwing
The redwing (Turdus iliacus) is a bird in the thrush family, Turdidae, native to Europe and the Palearctic, slightly smaller than the related song thrush.
Reformation
The Reformation, also known as the Protestant Reformation and the European Reformation, was a major theological movement in Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the papacy and the authority of the Catholic Church.
Regional State Administrative Agency
The Regional State Administrative Agencies (aluehallintovirasto, avi, regionförvaltningsverk) are a set of top-level regional organs of the state of Finland, mainly in charge of basic public services and legal permits.
See Finland and Regional State Administrative Agency
Regional State Administrative Agency for Eastern Finland
The Regional State Administrative Agency for Eastern Finland is one of the six Regional State Administrative Agencies.
See Finland and Regional State Administrative Agency for Eastern Finland
Regional State Administrative Agency for Northern Finland
The Northern Finland Regional State Administrative Agency is one of the six Regional State Administrative Agencies.
See Finland and Regional State Administrative Agency for Northern Finland
Regional State Administrative Agency for Southern Finland
The Southern Finland Regional State Administrative Agency is one of the six Regional State Administrative Agencies.
See Finland and Regional State Administrative Agency for Southern Finland
Regional State Administrative Agency for Western and Inland Finland
The Regional State Administrative Agency for Western and Inland Finland is one of the six Regional State Administrative Agencies in Finland.
See Finland and Regional State Administrative Agency for Western and Inland Finland
Regions of Finland
Finland is divided into 19 regions (maakunta; landskap) which are governed by regional councils that serve as forums of cooperation for the municipalities of each region.
See Finland and Regions of Finland
Reindeer
The reindeer or caribou (Rangifer tarandus) is a species of deer with circumpolar distribution, native to Arctic, subarctic, tundra, boreal, and mountainous regions of Northern Europe, Siberia, and North America.
Religion in Finland
Finland is a predominantly Christian nation where 65.2% of the Finnish population of 5.6 million are members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland (Protestant), 32.0% are unaffiliated, 1.1% are Orthodox Christians, 0.9% are other Christians and 0.8% follow other religions like Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, folk religion etc.
See Finland and Religion in Finland
Renewable energy
Renewable energy (or green energy) is energy from renewable natural resources that are replenished on a human timescale.
See Finland and Renewable energy
Renny Harlin
Renny Harlin (born Renny Lauri Mauritz Harjola; 15 March 1959) is a Finnish film director, producer, and screenwriter who has worked in Hollywood, Europe, and China.
Representative democracy
Representative democracy (also called electoral democracy or indirect democracy) is a type of democracy where representatives are elected by the public.
See Finland and Representative democracy
Reserve power
In a parliamentary or semi-presidential system of government, a reserve power, also known as discretionary power, is a power that may be exercised by the head of state (or their representative) without the approval of another branch or part of the government.
Reykjavík
Reykjavík is the capital and largest city of Iceland.
Ridnitšohkka
Ridnitšohkka (Ritničohkka) is the second-highest point in Finland, though it is the highest mountain with its peak within Finland.
Ring I
Ring I (pronounced "ring one", Kehä I, Ring I) is the busiest road in Finland, carrying up to 113,000 vehicles per day.
Ring III
Kehä III ("ring three", National road 50; or Kehä III or; or) is an important highway in Southern Finland.
Risto Ryti
Risto Heikki Ryti (3 February 1889 – 25 October 1956) was a Finnish politician who served as the fifth president of Finland from 1940 to 1944.
Rock and roll
Rock and roll (often written as rock & roll, rock-n-roll, rock 'n' roll, rock n' roll or Rock n' Roll) is a genre of popular music that evolved in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s.
Roman law
Roman law is the legal system of ancient Rome, including the legal developments spanning over a thousand years of jurisprudence, from the Twelve Tables, to the (AD 529) ordered by Eastern Roman emperor Justinian I. Roman law forms the basic framework for civil law, the most widely used legal system today, and the terms are sometimes used synonymously.
Romani people
The Romani, also spelled Romany or Rromani and colloquially known as the Roma (Rom), are an ethnic group of Indo-Aryan origin who traditionally lived a nomadic, itinerant lifestyle.
Romantic nationalism
Romantic nationalism (also national romanticism, organic nationalism, identity nationalism) is the form of nationalism in which the state claims its political legitimacy as an organic consequence of the unity of those it governs.
See Finland and Romantic nationalism
Romanticism
Romanticism (also known as the Romantic movement or Romantic era) was an artistic and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century.
Roots revival
A roots revival (folk revival) is a trend which includes young performers popularizing the traditional musical styles of their ancestors.
Rovaniemi
Rovaniemi (Roavvenjárga; Ruávinjargâ; Ruäʹvnjargg) is a city in Finland and the regional capital of Lapland.
Rovio Entertainment
Rovio Entertainment Oyj (formerly Relude Oy and Rovio Mobile Oy) is a Finnish video game developer based in Espoo.
See Finland and Rovio Entertainment
Royal Academy of Turku
The Royal Academy of Turku or the Royal Academy of Åbo (Kungliga Akademien i Åbo or Åbo Kungliga Akademi; Regia Academia Aboensis; Turun akatemia) was the first university in Finland, and the only Finnish university that was founded when the country still was a part of Sweden.
See Finland and Royal Academy of Turku
Rubus chamaemorus
Rubus chamaemorus is a species of flowering plant in the rose family Rosaceae, native to cool temperate regions, alpine and Arctic tundra and boreal forest.
See Finland and Rubus chamaemorus
Rukatunturi
Rukatunturi (Ruka) is a high fell and a ski resort in Kuusamo, Finland.
Rule of law
The rule of law is a political ideal that all citizens and institutions within a country, state, or community are accountable to the same laws, including lawmakers and leaders.
Russia
Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. Finland and Russia are Christian states, countries in Europe and member states of the United Nations.
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a vast empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its proclamation in November 1721 until its dissolution in March 1917. Finland and Russian Empire are Christian states.
See Finland and Russian Empire
Russian invasion of Ukraine
On 24 February 2022, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, which started in 2014.
See Finland and Russian invasion of Ukraine
Russian language
Russian is an East Slavic language, spoken primarily in Russia.
See Finland and Russian language
Russian Provisional Government
The Russian Provisional Government was a provisional government of the Russian Empire and Russian Republic, announced two days before and established immediately after the abdication of Nicholas II, during the February Revolution. Finland and Russian Provisional Government are Post–Russian Empire states.
See Finland and Russian Provisional Government
Russian Revolution
The Russian Revolution was a period of political and social change in Russia, starting in 1917.
See Finland and Russian Revolution
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR), previously known as the Russian Soviet Republic and the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, and unofficially as Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the laboring and exploited people, article I. was an independent federal socialist state from 1917 to 1922, and afterwards the largest and most populous constituent republic of the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1922 to 1991, until becoming a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with priority of Russian laws over Union-level legislation in 1990 and 1991, the last two years of the existence of the USSR.. Finland and Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic are Post–Russian Empire states and states and territories established in 1917.
See Finland and Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
Russification of Finland
The policy of Russification of Finland (lit; translit) was a governmental policy of the Russian Empire aimed at limiting the special status of the Grand Duchy of Finland and possibly the termination of its political autonomy and cultural uniqueness in 1899–1905 and in 1908–1917, fully integrating Finland to the Russian Empire.
See Finland and Russification of Finland
Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743)
The Russo-Swedish War of 1741–1743 (also known as The War of the Hats) was instigated by the Hats, a Swedish political party that aspired to regain the territories lost to Russia during the Great Northern War, and by French diplomacy, which sought to divert Russia's attention from supporting its long-standing ally the Habsburg monarchy in the War of the Austrian Succession.
See Finland and Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743)
Rye
Rye (Secale cereale) is a grass grown extensively as a grain, a cover crop and a forage crop.
See Finland and Rye
S Group
The S Group (S-ryhmä, S-gruppen) is a Finnish retailing cooperative organisation with its head office in Helsinki.
Saimaa
Saimaa (Saimen) is a lake located in the Finnish Lakeland area in southeastern Finland.
Saimaa ringed seal
The Saimaa ringed seal (Pusa hispida saimensis, Finnish: Saimaannorppa) is a subspecies and glacial relict of ringed seal (Pusa hispida).
See Finland and Saimaa ringed seal
Salmon
Salmon (salmon) is the common name for several commercially important species of euryhaline ray-finned fish from the genera Salmo and Oncorhynchus of the family Salmonidae, native to tributaries of the North Atlantic (Salmo) and North Pacific (Oncorhynchus) basins.
Salpausselkä
Salpausselkä ("Bar Ridge") is an extensive ridge system left by the ice age in Southern Finland.
Santa Claus
Santa Claus (also known as Saint Nicholas, Saint Nick, Father Christmas, Kris Kringle, Santa, or Klaus) is a legendary figure originating in Western Christian culture who is said to bring gifts during the late evening and overnight hours on Christmas Eve.
Santa Claus Village
Santa Claus Village (Joulupukin Pajakylä) is an amusement park in Rovaniemi in the Lapland region of Finland.
See Finland and Santa Claus Village
Santa Park
SantaPark is a Christmas theme park and visitor attraction in Rovaniemi in the Lapland region of Finland.
Sarmatic mixed forests
The Sarmatic mixed forests constitute an ecoregion within the temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome, according to the World Wide Fund for Nature classification (ecoregion PA0436).
See Finland and Sarmatic mixed forests
Satakunta
Satakunta (in both Finnish and Swedish,; historically Satacundia) is a region (maakunta / landskap) of Finland, part of the former Western Finland Province.
Sauli Niinistö
Sauli Väinämö Niinistö (born 24 August 1948) is a Finnish politician who served as the 12th president of Finland from 2012 to 2024.
See Finland and Sauli Niinistö
Savonlinna
Savonlinna (lit) is a town in Finland, located in the eastern interior of the country.
Savonlinna Opera Festival
Savonlinna Opera Festival (Savonlinnan oopperajuhlat) is held annually in the city of Savonlinna in Finland.
See Finland and Savonlinna Opera Festival
Sámi homeland (Finland)
The Sámi homeland of Finland (Saamelaisten kotiseutualue in Finnish, Sámiid ruovttuguovllu in Northern Sámi, Samernas hembygdsområde in Swedish, sometimes officially translated as Sámi Domicile Area) is the northernmost part of the Lappi (Lapland) administrative region in Finland, home of approximately half of Finland's Sámi population.
See Finland and Sámi homeland (Finland)
Sámi languages
Sámi languages, in English also rendered as Sami and Saami, are a group of Uralic languages spoken by the Indigenous Sámi people in Northern Europe (in parts of northern Finland, Norway, Sweden, and extreme northwestern Russia).
See Finland and Sámi languages
Sámi peoples
The Sámi (also spelled Sami or Saami) are the traditionally Sámi-speaking Indigenous peoples inhabiting the region of Sápmi, which today encompasses large northern parts of Norway, Sweden, Finland, and of the Kola Peninsula in Russia.
Säkkijärven polkka
Säkkijärven polkka ("the Säkkijärvi polka") is a well-known folk tune from Finland that is very popular with Finnish accordionists.
See Finland and Säkkijärven polkka
Särkänniemi
Särkänniemi ('Cape of Sandbank') is an amusement park in Tampere, Finland, located in the district by the same name.
Scandinavian and Russian taiga
The Scandinavian and Russian taiga is an ecoregion within the taiga and boreal forests biome as defined by the WWF classification (ecoregion PA0608).
See Finland and Scandinavian and Russian taiga
Scandinavian montane birch forest and grasslands
The Scandinavian montane birch forests and grasslands is defined by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) as a terrestrial tundra ecoregion in Norway, Sweden, and Finland.
See Finland and Scandinavian montane birch forest and grasslands
Schengen Area
The Schengen Area is an area encompassing European countries that have officially abolished border controls at their mutual borders.
Schlager music
Schlager ("hit(s)") is a style of European popular music and radio format generally defined by catchy instrumental accompaniments to vocal pieces of pop music with simple, easygoing, and often sentimental lyrics.
See Finland and Schlager music
Second Swedish Crusade
The Second Swedish Crusade was a military expedition by the Kingdom of Sweden into Tavastia as described by the Erikskrönikan.
See Finland and Second Swedish Crusade
Seima-Turbino culture
The Seima-Turbino culture, also Seima-Turbinsky culture or Seima-Turbino phenomenon, is a pattern of burial sites with similar bronze artifacts.
See Finland and Seima-Turbino culture
Seinäjoki
Seinäjoki ("Wall River"; Wegelia, formerly Östermyra) is a city in Finland and the regional capital of South Ostrobothnia.
Seitsemän veljestä
Seitsemän veljestä (literally translated The Seven Brothers, or The Brothers Seven in Douglas Robinson's 2017 translation) is the first and only novel by Aleksis Kivi, the national author of Finland.
See Finland and Seitsemän veljestä
Semi-presidential republic
A semi-presidential republic, or dual executive republic, is a republic in which a president exists alongside a prime minister and a cabinet, with the latter two being responsible to the legislature of the state.
See Finland and Semi-presidential republic
Siberia
Siberia (Sibir') is an extensive geographical region comprising all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east.
Siviilipalvelus
Siviilipalvelus (in Finnish; civiltjänst; "civilian service") is an alternative service in Finland.
See Finland and Siviilipalvelus
Ski jumping
Ski jumping is a winter sport in which competitors aim to achieve the farthest jump after sliding down on their skis from a specially designed curved ramp.
Ski resort
A ski resort is a resort developed for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter sports.
Skolt Sámi
Skolt Sámi (sääʹmǩiõll, "the Sámi language", or nuõrttsääʹmǩiõll, "the Eastern Sámi language", if a distinction needs to be made between it and the other Sámi languages) is a Uralic, Sámi language that is spoken by the Skolts, with approximately 300 speakers in Finland, mainly in Sevettijärvi and approximately 20–30 speakers of the Njuõʹttjäuʹrr (Notozero) dialect in an area surrounding Lake Lovozero in Russia.
Sled
A sled, skid, sledge, or sleigh is a land vehicle that slides across a surface, usually of ice or snow.
See Finland and Sled
Social Democratic Party of Finland
The Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP, Suomen sosialidemokraattinen puolue, nicknamed: demarit in Finnish; Finlands socialdemokratiska parti) is a social democratic political party in Finland.
See Finland and Social Democratic Party of Finland
Social services
Social services are a range of public services intended to provide support and assistance towards particular groups, which commonly include the disadvantaged.
See Finland and Social services
Socialism
Socialism is an economic and political philosophy encompassing diverse economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production, as opposed to private ownership.
Solar wind
The solar wind is a stream of charged particles released from the Sun's outermost atmospheric layer, the corona.
South Karelia
South Karelia (or Southern Karelia, Etelä-Karjala; Södra Karelen) is a region of Finland.
South Ostrobothnia
South Ostrobothnia (Etelä-Pohjanmaa; Södra Österbotten) is one of the 19 regions of Finland.
See Finland and South Ostrobothnia
South Savo
South Savo (or Southern Savonia; Etelä-Savo; Södra Savolax) is a region in the south-east of Finland.
Southwest Finland
Southwest Finland, calqued as Finland Proper (Varsinais-Suomi,; Egentliga Finland), is a region in the southwest of Finland.
See Finland and Southwest Finland
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.
Speaker of the Parliament of Finland
The speaker of the Parliament of Finland (Finnish eduskunnan puhemies, Swedish riksdagens talman), along with two deputy speakers, is elected by Parliament during the first plenary session each year.
See Finland and Speaker of the Parliament of Finland
Speed limit
Speed limits on road traffic, as used in most countries, set the legal maximum speed at which vehicles may travel on a given stretch of road.
Spruce
A spruce is a tree of the genus Picea, a genus of about 40 species of coniferous evergreen trees in the family Pinaceae, found in the northern temperate and boreal (taiga) regions of the Earth.
Steel
Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon with improved strength and fracture resistance compared to other forms of iron.
Stillbirth
Stillbirth is typically defined as fetal death at or after 20 or 28 weeks of pregnancy, depending on the source.
Stockholm
Stockholm is the capital and most populous city of the Kingdom of Sweden as well as the largest urban area in the Nordic countries.
Stone Age
The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make stone tools with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface.
Student financial aid in Finland
Student financial aid in Finland consists of government payments (through Kela) that provide economic security to students and enable all students to study.
See Finland and Student financial aid in Finland
Sub-regions of Finland
Sub-regions (seutukunta, ekonomisk region) are divisions used for statistical purposes in Finland.
See Finland and Sub-regions of Finland
Sub-replacement fertility
Sub-replacement fertility is a total fertility rate (TFR) that (if sustained) leads to each new generation being less populous than the older, previous one in a given area.
See Finland and Sub-replacement fertility
Subarctic climate
The subarctic climate (also called subpolar climate, or boreal climate) is a continental climate with long, cold (often very cold) winters, and short, warm to cool summers.
See Finland and Subarctic climate
Suomenlinna
Suomenlinna (until 1918 Viapori), or Sveaborg, is an inhabited sea fortress composed of eight islands, of which six have been fortified; it is about 4 km southeast of the city center of Helsinki, the capital of Finland.
Supreme Administrative Court of Finland
The Supreme Administrative Court of Finland is the highest court in the Finnish administrative court system, parallel to the Supreme Court of Finland.
See Finland and Supreme Administrative Court of Finland
Supreme Court of Finland
The Supreme Court of Finland (korkein oikeus, abbreviated as KKO; högsta domstolen, abbreviated as HD), located in Helsinki, is the court of last resort for cases within the private law of Finland (that is, civil and criminal cases).
See Finland and Supreme Court of Finland
Sweden
Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Finland and Sweden are countries and territories where Swedish is an official language, countries in Europe, member states of NATO, member states of the European Union, member states of the Union for the Mediterranean, member states of the United Nations, members of the Nordic Council and OECD members.
Swedes
Swedes (svenskar) are an ethnic group native to Sweden, who share a common ancestry, culture, history and language. They mostly inhabit Sweden and the other Nordic countries, in particular Finland where they are an officially recognized minority, with Swedish being one of the official languages of the country, and with a substantial diaspora in other countries, especially the United States.
Swedish Empire
The Swedish Empire (stormaktstiden, "the Era as a Great Power") was the period in Swedish history spanning much of the 17th and early 18th centuries during which Sweden became a European great power that exercised territorial control over much of the Baltic region.
See Finland and Swedish Empire
Swedish language
Swedish (svenska) is a North Germanic language from the Indo-European language family, spoken predominantly in Sweden and in parts of Finland.
See Finland and Swedish language
Swedish People's Party of Finland
The Swedish People's Party of Finland (SPP; Svenska folkpartiet i Finland, SFP; Suomen ruotsalainen kansanpuolue, RKP) is a Finnish political party founded in 1906.
See Finland and Swedish People's Party of Finland
Swedish-speaking population of Finland
The Swedish-speaking population of Finland (whose members are called by many names—see below; finlandssvenskar; suomenruotsalaiset) is a linguistic minority in Finland.
See Finland and Swedish-speaking population of Finland
Taiga
Taiga (p), also known as boreal forest or snow forest, is a biome characterized by coniferous forests consisting mostly of pines, spruces, and larches.
Tallinn
Tallinn is the capital and most populous city of Estonia.
Tampere
Tampere (Tammerfors) is a city in Finland and the regional capital of Pirkanmaa.
Tampere Ring Road
The Tampere Ring Road (Tampereen kehätie) or former Finnish National Road 60 (Kantatie 60) is a ring road in the Tampere metropolitan area, Finland.
See Finland and Tampere Ring Road
Tampere University
Tampere University (shortened TAU) is a multidisclipinary public university located in the city of Tampere, Finland.
See Finland and Tampere University
Tampere urban area
Tampere urban area (Tampereen keskustaajama, Tammerfors centraltätort) is the largest urban area in the Pirkanmaa region, and the second largest urban area in whole Finland after the Helsinki urban area.
See Finland and Tampere urban area
Tango music
Tango is a style of music in 4 time that originated among European and African immigrant populations of Argentina and Uruguay (collectively, the "Rioplatenses").
Tanner Cabinet
Väinö Tanner's cabinet was the 14th government of Finland, which existed from 13 December 1926 to 17 December 1927.
See Finland and Tanner Cabinet
Tapio Wirkkala
Tapio Veli Ilmari Wirkkala (2 June 1915 – 19 May 1985) was a Finnish designer and sculptor, a major figure of post-war design.
See Finland and Tapio Wirkkala
Tarja Halonen
Tarja Kaarina Halonen (born 24 December 1943) is a Finnish politician who served as the 11th president of Finland, and the first and to date only woman to hold the position, from 2000 to 2012.
Tatars
The Tatars, in the Collins English Dictionary formerly also spelt Tartars, is an umbrella term for different Turkic ethnic groups bearing the name "Tatar" across Eastern Europe and Asia. Initially, the ethnonym Tatar possibly referred to the Tatar confederation. That confederation was eventually incorporated into the Mongol Empire when Genghis Khan unified the various steppe tribes.
Tavastians
Tavastians (hämäläiset; Tavaster) are a Finnish tribe (heimo) and a modern subgroup of the Finnish people.
Telecommunications in Finland
Telecommunications in Finland, as indicated by a 2022 European Commission index, highlight the country's significant role in the EU's digital sector.
See Finland and Telecommunications in Finland
Telephone numbers in Finland
All of Finland, including Åland, has the same country code, +358.
See Finland and Telephone numbers in Finland
Temperate climate
In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (approximately 23.5° to 66.5° N/S of Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth.
See Finland and Temperate climate
Tertiary sector of the economy
The tertiary sector of the economy, generally known as the service sector, is the third of the three economic sectors in the three-sector model (also known as the economic cycle).
See Finland and Tertiary sector of the economy
Terveet Kädet
Terveet Kädet are a Finnish hardcore punk band.
The Barents Observer
The Barents Observer (formally The Independent Barents Observer) is a Norwegian online newspaper which publishes news and op-ed content about the Barents Region in English, Russian and Chinese.
See Finland and The Barents Observer
The Fencer
The Fencer (Miekkailija, date is a 2015 biographical drama film about the life of Endel Nelis, an accomplished Estonian fencer and coach. It was directed by Klaus Härö and written by Anna Heinämaa. Filming began in Estonia in late February 2014. The film was selected as the Finnish entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 88th Academy Awards, making the December shortlist of nine films, but it was not nominated.
The Lancet
The Lancet is a weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal and one of the oldest of its kind.
The Man Without a Past
The Man Without a Past (Mies vailla menneisyyttä) is a 2002 Finnish comedy-drama film produced, written, and directed by Aki Kaurismäki.
See Finland and The Man Without a Past
The Tales of Ensign Stål
The Tales of Ensign Stål (Swedish original title: Fänrik Ståls sägner, Vänrikki Stoolin tarinat, or year 2007 translation Vänrikki Stålin tarinat) is an epic poem written in Swedish by the Finland-Swedish author Johan Ludvig Runeberg, the national poet of Finland.
See Finland and The Tales of Ensign Stål
The Unknown Soldier (1955 film)
The Unknown Soldier (Tuntematon sotilas, Okänd soldat) is a Finnish war film directed by Edvin Laine that premiered in December 1955.
See Finland and The Unknown Soldier (1955 film)
The Unknown Soldier (novel)
The Unknown Soldier or Unknown Soldiers is a war novel by Finnish author Väinö Linna, considered his magnum opus.
See Finland and The Unknown Soldier (novel)
The White Reindeer
The White Reindeer (Valkoinen peura, Den Vita Renen) is a 1952 Finnish folk horror film directed by Erik Blomberg in his feature film debut.
See Finland and The White Reindeer
The World Factbook
The World Factbook, also known as the CIA World Factbook, is a reference resource produced by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) with almanac-style information about the countries of the world.
See Finland and The World Factbook
Third Swedish Crusade
The Third Swedish Crusade to Finland was a Swedish military expedition against the pagan Karelians from 1293 to 1295 in which the Swedes successfully expanded their borders eastwards and gained further control of their lands in Finland.
See Finland and Third Swedish Crusade
Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War, from 1618 to 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history.
See Finland and Thirty Years' War
Till
Closeup of glacial till. Note that the larger grains (pebbles and gravel) in the till are completely surrounded by the matrix of finer material (silt and sand), and this characteristic, known as ''matrix support'', is diagnostic of till. Glacial till with tufts of grass Till or glacial till is unsorted glacial sediment.
See Finland and Till
Timo Sarpaneva
Timo Tapani Sarpaneva (31 October 1926 – 6 October 2006) was an influential Finnish designer, sculptor, and educator best known in the art world for innovative work in glass, which often merged attributes of display art objects with utilitarian designations.
See Finland and Timo Sarpaneva
Toivo Kuula
Toivo Timoteus Kuula (7 July 1883 – 18 May 1918) was a Finnish composer and conductor of the late-Romantic and early-modern periods, who emerged in the wake of Jean Sibelius, under whom he studied privately from 1906 to 1908.
Tom of Finland
Touko Valio Laaksonen (8 May 1920 – 7 November 1991), known by the pseudonym Tom of Finland, was a Finnish artist who made stylized highly masculinized homoerotic art, and influenced late 20th-century gay culture.
See Finland and Tom of Finland
Total fertility rate
The total fertility rate (TFR) of a population is the average number of children that are born to a woman over her lifetime, if they were to experience the exact current age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) through their lifetime, and they were to live from birth until the end of their reproductive life.
See Finland and Total fertility rate
Tove Jansson
Tove Marika Jansson (9 August 1914 – 27 June 2001) was a Swedish-speaking Finnish author, novelist, painter, illustrator and comic strip author.
Track and field
Athletics (or track and field in the United States) is a sport that includes athletic contests based on running, jumping, and throwing skills.
See Finland and Track and field
Traditional Nordic dance music
Traditional Nordic dance music is a type of traditional music or folk music that once was common in the mainland part of the Nordic countries — Scandinavia plus Finland.
See Finland and Traditional Nordic dance music
Transparency International
Transparency International e.V. (TI) is a German registered association founded in 1993 by former employees of the World Bank.
See Finland and Transparency International
Travel + Leisure
Travel + Leisure is a travel magazine based in New York City, New York.
See Finland and Travel + Leisure
Travemünde
Travemünde is a borough of Lübeck, Germany, located at the mouth of the river Trave in Lübeck Bay.
Treaty of Tartu (Finland–Russia)
The Treaty of Tartu (Тартуский мирный договор; Tarton rauha; Fredsfördraget i Dorpat) was signed on 14 October 1920 between Finland and Soviet Russia after negotiations that lasted nearly five months.
See Finland and Treaty of Tartu (Finland–Russia)
Tree line
The tree line is the edge of a habitat at which trees are capable of growing and beyond which they are not.
Tsar
Tsar (also spelled czar, tzar, or csar; tsar; tsar'; car) is a title historically used by Slavic monarchs.
See Finland and Tsar
Tundra
In physical geography, tundra is a type of biome where tree growth is hindered by frigid temperatures and short growing seasons.
Turku
Turku (Åbo) is a city in Finland and the regional capital of Southwest Finland.
Two-round system
The two-round system (TRS or 2RS), also called ballotage, top-two runoff, or two-round plurality (as originally termed in French), is a voting method used to elect a single winner.
See Finland and Two-round system
Type 1 diabetes
Type 1 diabetes (T1D), formerly known as juvenile diabetes, is an autoimmune disease that originates when cells that make insulin (beta cells) are destroyed by the immune system.
See Finland and Type 1 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes (T2D), formerly known as adult-onset diabetes, is a form of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin.
See Finland and Type 2 diabetes
Ukrainian language
Ukrainian (label) is an East Slavic language of the Indo-European language family spoken primarily in Ukraine.
See Finland and Ukrainian language
Ulfberht swords
The Ulfberht swords are a group of about 170 medieval swords found primarily in Northern Europe, dated to the 9th to 11th centuries, with blades inlaid with the inscription +VLFBERH+T or +VLFBERHT+.
See Finland and Ulfberht swords
Under the North Star trilogy
Under the North Star (Täällä Pohjantähden alla) is a trilogy published between 1959 and 1962 by Väinö Linna, Finnish author and former soldier who fought in the Continuation War (1941–44).
See Finland and Under the North Star trilogy
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; pronounced) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture.
UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists
UNESCO established its Lists of Intangible Cultural Heritage with the aim of ensuring better protection of important intangible cultural heritages worldwide and the awareness of their significance.
See Finland and UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists
Unicameralism
Unicameralism (from uni- "one" + Latin camera "chamber") is a type of legislature consisting of one house or assembly that legislates and votes as one.
Unitary parliamentary republic
A unitary parliamentary republic is a unitary state with a republican form of government in which the political power is vested in and entrusted to the parliament with confidence by its electorate.
See Finland and Unitary parliamentary republic
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is a diplomatic and political international organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.
See Finland and United Nations
United Nations Development Programme
The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)Programme des Nations unies pour le développement, PNUD is a United Nations agency tasked with helping countries eliminate poverty and achieve sustainable economic growth and human development.
See Finland and United Nations Development Programme
United States Department of State
The United States Department of State (DOS), or simply the State Department, is an executive department of the U.S. federal government responsible for the country's foreign policy and relations.
See Finland and United States Department of State
Universal suffrage
Universal suffrage or universal franchise ensures the right to vote for as many people bound by a government's laws as possible, as supported by the "one person, one vote" principle.
See Finland and Universal suffrage
University of Eastern Finland
The University of Eastern Finland (Itä-Suomen yliopisto) is a university in Finland founded in 2010 with campuses in Joensuu and Kuopio.
See Finland and University of Eastern Finland
University of Helsinki
The University of Helsinki (Helsingin yliopisto, Helsingfors universitet; UH) is a public university in Helsinki, Finland.
See Finland and University of Helsinki
University of Jyväskylä
The University of Jyväskylä (Jyväskylän yliopisto) is a research university in Jyväskylä, Finland.
See Finland and University of Jyväskylä
University of Oulu
The University of Oulu (Oulun yliopisto) is one of the largest universities in Finland, located in the city of Oulu.
See Finland and University of Oulu
University of Turku
The University of Turku (Turun yliopisto, in Åbo universitet, shortened UTU) is a multidisciplinary public university with eight faculties located in the city of Turku in southwestern Finland.
See Finland and University of Turku
UPM (company)
UPM-Kymmene Oyj is a Finnish forest industry company.
Uralic languages
The Uralic languages, sometimes called the Uralian languages, form a language family of 42 languages spoken predominantly in Europe and North Asia.
See Finland and Uralic languages
Urho Kekkonen
Urho Kaleva Kekkonen (3 September 1900 – 31 August 1986), often referred to by his initials UKK, was a Finnish politician who served as the eighth and longest-serving president of Finland from 1956 to 1982.
Uuno Klami
Uuno (Kalervo) Klami (20 September 1900, Virolahti – 29 May 1961, Virolahti) was a Finnish composer of the modern period.
Uuno Turhapuro
Uuno Turhapuro is a Finnish comedy character and antihero created by Spede Pasanen and played by Vesa-Matti Loiri.
See Finland and Uuno Turhapuro
Uuno Turhapuro armeijan leivissä
Uuno Turhapuro armeijan leivissä (Uuno Turhapuro in the Army) is a 1984 Finnish comedy and the ninth film in the Uuno Turhapuro film series starring Vesa-Matti Loiri as the title character, Spede Pasanen as the potty-mouthed mechanic Härski Hartikainen, and Simo Salminen as their constant companion Sörsselssön.
See Finland and Uuno Turhapuro armeijan leivissä
Uusimaa
Uusimaa (Nyland,; both lit. 'new land') is a region of Finland.
Vaasa
Vaasa (Vasa,, Sweden), in the years 1855–1917 as Nikolainkaupunki, (Nikolajstad; – Kaleva (in Finnish)) is a city in Finland and the regional capital of Ostrobothnia.
Vaccinium vitis-idaea
Vaccinium vitis-idaea, the lingonberry, partridgeberry, mountain cranberry or cowberry, is a small evergreen shrub in the heath family Ericaceae, that bears edible fruit.
See Finland and Vaccinium vitis-idaea
Vaisala
Vaisala Oyj is a Finnish company that produces products and services for environmental and industrial measurement.
Valmet
Valmet Oyj, a Finnish company, is a developer and supplier of process technologies, automation systems and services for the pulp, paper, energy industries.
Vantaa
Vantaa (Vanda) is a city in Finland.
Väinö Linna
Väinö Linna (20 December 1920 – 21 April 1992) was a Finnish author and a former soldier who fought in the Continuation War (1941–44).
Video games in Finland
Video gaming in Finland consists of video game industry of 260 active video game developer studios, roughly a dozen professional players and countless enthusiastic amateurs.
See Finland and Video games in Finland
Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician and political theorist.
See Finland and Vladimir Lenin
Vocational education
Vocational education is education that prepares people for a skilled craft as an artisan, trade as a tradesperson, or work as a technician.
See Finland and Vocational education
Volleyball
Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net.
VR Class Sr2
The Sr2 is a class of electric locomotives of the VR Group.
VR Group
VR-Group Plc (VR-Yhtymä Oyj, VR-Group Abp), commonly known as VR, is a government-owned railway company in Finland.
Vuosaari Harbour
Vuosaari Harbour (Vuosaaren satama in Finnish; Nordsjö hamn in Swedish) is a seaport facility in Helsinki, Finland, opened in November 2008.
See Finland and Vuosaari Harbour
Vyborg Governorate
Vyborg Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire.
See Finland and Vyborg Governorate
Walpurgis Night
Walpurgis Night, an abbreviation of Saint Walpurgis Night (from the German Sankt-Walpurgisnacht), also known as Saint Walpurga's Eve (alternatively spelled Saint Walburga's Eve), is the eve of the Christian feast day of Saint Walpurga, an 8th-century abbess in Francia, and is celebrated on the night of 30 April and the day of 1 May.
See Finland and Walpurgis Night
Watt
The watt (symbol: W) is the unit of power or radiant flux in the International System of Units (SI), equal to 1 joule per second or 1 kg⋅m2⋅s−3.
See Finland and Watt
Wäinö Aaltonen
Wäinö Valdemar Aaltonen (8 March 1894 – 30 May 1966) was a Finnish artist and sculptor.
See Finland and Wäinö Aaltonen
Welfare in Finland
Social security or welfare in Finland is very comprehensive compared to what almost all other countries provide.
See Finland and Welfare in Finland
Welfare state
A welfare state is a form of government in which the state (or a well-established network of social institutions) protects and promotes the economic and social well-being of its citizens, based upon the principles of equal opportunity, equitable distribution of wealth, and public responsibility for citizens unable to avail themselves of the minimal provisions for a good life.
Wellbeing services counties of Finland
The wellbeing services counties (hyvinvointialue, välfärdsområde, buresveadjinguovlu) are responsible for organising health, social and emergency services in Finland.
See Finland and Wellbeing services counties of Finland
Western capercaillie
The western capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus), also known as the Eurasian capercaillie, wood grouse, heather cock, cock-of-the-woods, or simply capercaillie, is a heavy member of the grouse family and the largest of all extant grouse species.
See Finland and Western capercaillie
Western Europe
Western Europe is the western region of Europe.
See Finland and Western Europe
White Guard (Finland)
The White Guard, officially known as the Civil Guard, was a voluntary militia, part of the Finnish Whites movement, that emerged victorious over the socialist Red Guards in the Finnish Civil War of 1918.
See Finland and White Guard (Finland)
Whole grain
A whole grain is a grain of any cereal and pseudocereal that contains the endosperm, germ, and bran, in contrast to refined grains, which retain only the endosperm.
Whooper swan
The whooper swan (/ˈhuːpə(ɹ) swɒn/ "hooper swan"; Cygnus cygnus), also known as the common swan, is a large northern hemisphere swan.
Wigwam (Finnish band)
Wigwam was a Finnish progressive rock band formed in 1968.
See Finland and Wigwam (Finnish band)
Willow warbler
The willow warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus) is a very common and widespread leaf warbler which breeds throughout northern and temperate Europe and the Palearctic, from Ireland east to the Anadyr River basin in eastern Siberia.
See Finland and Willow warbler
Winter War
The Winter War was a war between the Soviet Union and Finland.
Wired (magazine)
Wired (stylized in all caps) is a monthly American magazine, published in print and online editions, that focuses on how emerging technologies affect culture, the economy, and politics.
See Finland and Wired (magazine)
Wolf
The wolf (Canis lupus;: wolves), also known as the gray wolf or grey wolf, is a large canine native to Eurasia and North America.
See Finland and Wolf
Wolverine
The wolverine (Gulo gulo), also called the carcajou or quickhatch (from East Cree, kwiihkwahaacheew), is the largest land-dwelling member of the family Mustelidae.
Women in Finland
Women in Finland enjoy a "high degree of equality" and "traditional courtesy" among men.
See Finland and Women in Finland
Women's rights
Women's rights are the rights and entitlements claimed for women and girls worldwide.
See Finland and Women's rights
Wood processing
Wood processing is an engineering discipline in the wood industry comprising the production of forest products, such as pulp and paper, construction materials, and tall oil.
See Finland and Wood processing
World Bank
The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects.
World Economic Forum
The World Economic Forum (WEF) is an international non-governmental organization, think tank, and lobbying organisation based in Cologny, Canton of Geneva, Switzerland.
See Finland and World Economic Forum
World Happiness Report
The World Happiness Report is a publication that contains articles and rankings of national happiness, based on respondent ratings of their own lives, which the report also correlates with various (quality of) life factors.
See Finland and World Happiness Report
World Rally Championship
The World Rally Championship (abbreviated as WRC) is an international rallying series owned and governed by the FIA.
See Finland and World Rally Championship
World Trade Organization
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland that regulates and facilitates international trade.
See Finland and World Trade Organization
World Wide Fund for Nature
The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is a Swiss-based international non-governmental organization founded in 1961 that works in the field of wilderness preservation and the reduction of human impact on the environment.
See Finland and World Wide Fund for Nature
Yachting
Yachting is recreational boating activities using medium/large-sized boats or small ships collectively called yachts.
YIT
YIT Oyj is the largest Finnish and a significant North European construction company. YIT is headquartered in Helsinki and its stock is listed on Nasdaq Helsinki Oy. YIT develops and builds apartments, business premises and entire areas. YIT is also specialised in demanding infrastructure construction and paving.
See Finland and YIT
Yle
Yleisradio Oy (Rundradion Ab), abbreviated as Yle (formerly styled in all uppercase until 2012), translated into English as the Finnish Broadcasting Company, is Finland's national public broadcasting company, founded in 1926.
See Finland and Yle
Yle Uutiset
Yle Uutiset is the Finnish news production unit of Yle.
Ylläs
Ylläs, or Yllästunturi in Finnish, is a high fell in the municipality of Kolari in Lapland Province of Finland.
Zachris Topelius
Zacharias Topelius (14 January 181812 March 1898) was a Finnish author, poet, journalist, historian, and rector of the University of Helsinki who wrote novels related to Finnish history.
See Finland and Zachris Topelius
.ax
.ax is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) of Åland, Finland, introduced in 2006.
See Finland and .ax
.eu
.eu is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for the European Union (EU).
See Finland and .eu
.fi
.fi is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Finland.
See Finland and .fi
1912 Summer Olympics
The 1912 Summer Olympics (Olympiska sommarspelen 1912), officially known as the Games of the V Olympiad (Den V olympiadens spel) and commonly known as Stockholm 1912, were an international multi-sport event held in Stockholm, Sweden, between 5 May and 22 July 1912.
See Finland and 1912 Summer Olympics
1952 Summer Olympics
The 1952 Summer Olympics (Kesäolympialaiset 1952), officially known as the Games of the XV Olympiad (XV olympiadin kisat), and commonly known as Helsinki 1952 were an international multi-sport event held from 19 July to 3 August 1952 in Helsinki, Finland.
See Finland and 1952 Summer Olympics
1990s Finnish banking crisis
The Finnish Banking Crisis of 1990s was a deep systemic crisis of the entire Finnish financial sector that took place mainly in the years 1991–1993, after several years of debt-based economic boom in the late 1980s.
See Finland and 1990s Finnish banking crisis
1995 enlargement of the European Union
The 1995 enlargement of the European Union saw Austria, Finland, and Sweden accede to the European Union (EU).
See Finland and 1995 enlargement of the European Union
2000 Finnish presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Finland on 16 January 2000, with a second round on 6 February.
See Finland and 2000 Finnish presidential election
2002 Cannes Film Festival
The 55th Cannes Film Festival started on 15 May and ran until 26 May 2002.
See Finland and 2002 Cannes Film Festival
2007–2008 financial crisis
The 2007–2008 financial crisis, or the global financial crisis (GFC), was the most severe worldwide economic crisis since the Great Depression.
See Finland and 2007–2008 financial crisis
2024 Finnish presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Finland on 28 January 2024, with a second round held on 11 February.
See Finland and 2024 Finnish presidential election
20th meridian east
The meridian 20° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Europe, Africa, the Atlantic and Indian oceans, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.
See Finland and 20th meridian east
32nd meridian east
The meridian 32° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Europe, Turkey, Africa, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.
See Finland and 32nd meridian east
60th parallel north
The 60th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 60 degrees north of Earth's equator.
See Finland and 60th parallel north
70th parallel north
The 70th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 70 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane, in the Arctic.
See Finland and 70th parallel north
See also
Countries and territories where Swedish is an official language
- Åland
- Estonia under Swedish rule
- Finland
- Grand Duchy of Finland
- List of municipalities of Finland in which Finnish is not the sole official language
- Sweden
Fennoscandia
- Fennoscandia
- Finland
- Karelia
- Kingdom of Sweden
- Kola Peninsula
- Ladoga Karelia
- Leningrad Oblast
- Murmansk Oblast
- Republic of Karelia
- Scandinavia
- Scandinavian Peninsula
Member states of NATO
- Albania
- Belgium
- Bulgaria
- Canada
- Canada and NATO
- Croatia
- Czech Republic
- Denmark
- Estonia
- Finland
- Finland and NATO
- France
- Germany
- Greece
- Hungary
- Iceland
- Italy
- Kingdom of the Netherlands
- Latvia
- Lithuania
- Luxembourg
- Member states of NATO
- Montenegro
- Netherlands
- North Macedonia
- North Macedonia and NATO
- Norway
- Poland
- Portugal
- Romania
- Romania and NATO
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Spain
- Sweden
- Sweden and NATO
- Turkey
- United Kingdom
- United States
Member states of the European Union
- Austria
- Belgium
- Bulgaria
- Croatia
- Cyprus
- Czech Republic
- Danish Realm
- Denmark
- Estonia
- Finland
- France
- Germany
- Greece
- Hungary
- Italy
- Kingdom of the Netherlands
- Latvia
- List of European Union member states by political system
- Lithuania
- Luxembourg
- Malta
- Member state of the European Union
- Netherlands
- Poland
- Portugal
- Republic of Ireland
- Romania
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Spain
- Sweden
Member states of the Union for the Mediterranean
- Albania
- Algeria
- Austria
- Belgium
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Bulgaria
- Croatia
- Cyprus
- Denmark
- Egypt
- Estonia
- Finland
- France
- Germany
- Greece
- Hungary
- Israel
- Italy
- Kingdom of the Netherlands
- Latvia
- Lebanon
- Lithuania
- Luxembourg
- Malta
- Monaco
- Montenegro
- Morocco
- Poland
- Portugal
- Romania
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Spain
- Sweden
- Tunisia
- Turkey
Members of the Nordic Council
OECD members
- Australia
- Austria
- Belgium
- Canada
- Chile
- Colombia
- Costa Rica
- Czech Republic
- Denmark
- Estonia
- Finland
- France
- Germany
- Greece
- Hungary
- Iceland
- Italy
- Japan
- Lithuania
- Luxembourg
- Netherlands
- New Zealand
- Norway
- Poland
- Portugal
- Republic of Ireland
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- South Korea
- Spain
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- United Kingdom
States and territories established in 1917
- Alash Autonomy
- Autonomous Governorate of Estonia
- Bashkortostan
- Crimean People's Republic
- Finland
- Italian protectorate over Albania
- Moldavian Democratic Republic
- Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus
- Naissaar
- Nayarit
- Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
- Romblon
- Russian Republic
- Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
- Samarina Republic
- Special Transcaucasian Committee
- Transcaucasian Commissariat
- Turkestan Autonomy
- Ukrainian People's Republic
- Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets
- United States Virgin Islands
References
Also known as Bibliography of Finland, Biodiversity in Finland, Etymology of Finland, Fenno-, Fin land, Finand, Finland's, Finlande, Finn Land, Finnish Republic, Finnishness, Finnland, ISO 3166-1:FI, Name of Finland, Northern Finland, Republic of Finland, Republiken Finland, Suomen Tasavalta.
, Bilateral trade, Bilberry, Birch, Birdwatching, Birger Jarl, Birth rate, Blue1, Bog, Bolsheviks, Bordertown (Finnish TV series), Boreal Kingdom, Bronze Age, Brown bear, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, Business Finland, Bust (sculpture), Buttermilk, Cadre (military), Cancer, Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, Castoreum, Catholic Church, Catholic Church in Finland, Cavalry, Central Finland, Central Intelligence Agency, Central Ostrobothnia, Centre Party (Finland), Cha Cha Cha (Käärijä song), Chancellor of Justice (Finland), Christian Democrats (Finland), Christianity, Christians, Christina, Queen of Sweden, Christmas, Christmas Eve, Chromium, Circumboreal Region, Civic nationalism, Civil law (legal system), Coffee, Cold War, Communist Party of Finland, Competition, Confederation of Unions for Professional and Managerial Staff in Finland, Confirmation (Lutheran Church), Conscientious objector, Conscription in Finland, Constitution of Finland, Continental climate, Continuation War, Conurbation, Cooperative, Copper, Corded Ware culture, Corruption Perceptions Index, Council of Europe, Court, COVID-19 pandemic, Crime film, Crime in Finland, Crimean War, Cross-country skiing (sport), Cruise ship, D'Hondt method, Dance music, Danes, Day-fine, Democracy, Demographics of Finland, Demoscene, Diabetes, Diet of Porvoo, Dome Karukoski, Dotdash Meredith, Drama (film and television), Early 1990s depression in Finland, Early Finnish wars, Ease of doing business index, Easter, Easter Monday, Eastern European Summer Time, Eastern European Time, Eastern Uusimaa, Ecoregion, Edith Södergran, Education in Finland, Edvin Laine, Eero Järnefelt, Eero Saarinen, Eila Hiltunen, Eino Leino, Einojuhani Rautavaara, Ekenäs, Finland, Elections to the European Parliament, Electronics industry, Elias Lönnrot, Eliel Saarinen, Emergency service, Encyclopædia Britannica, English language, Erik Blomberg, Erkki Melartin, Esa-Pekka Salonen, Esker, Espoo, Estonia, Estonian language, Ethnic nationalism, EU Battlegroup, Eurajoki, Eurasia, Eurasian chaffinch, Eurasian eagle-owl, Euro, Euro sign, Eurobarometer, European Economic Community, European route E12, European route E18, European route E75, European Union, Eurostat, Eurovision Song Contest, Eurozone, Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland, Famine, Feast of the Ascension, February Manifesto, February Revolution, Fell, Fen, Fennoman movement, Fennoscandia, Figure skating, Financial market, Finland in World War II, Finland men's national basketball team, Finland Swedish, Finland-Swedish Sign Language, Finland–NATO relations, Finland–Russia relations, Finland–United States relations, Finlandia, Finlandization, Finnair, Finnic languages, Finnish Air Force, Finnish Army, Finnish Border Guard, Finnish Civil War, Finnish Declaration of Independence, Finnish Defence Forces, Finnish Democratic Republic, Finnish famine of 1866–1868, Finnish Government, Finnish Kale, Finnish Kalo language, Finnish Lakeland, Finnish language, Finnish Main Line, Finnish markka, Finnish military administration in Eastern Karelia, Finnish national road 1, Finnish national road 3, Finnish national road 4, Finnish Navy, Finnish opera, Finnish sauna, Finnish Sign Language, Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic, Finnish Tatars, Finnish tribes, Finnish War, Finnish war reparations to the Soviet Union, Finno-Soviet Treaty of 1948, Finno-Ugric languages, Finns, Finns Party, First language, First Swedish Crusade, Fish as food, Floorball, Fluorescence, Fly fishing, Flying Finn, Folk high school, Folk music, Foreign relations of Finland, Forest Landscape Integrity Index, Forestry, Formula One, Frans Eemil Sillanpää, Fredrik Pacius, Freedom of the press, Functionalism (architecture), Gapminder Foundation, General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, German Empire, Germanic peoples, Glam rock, Gleysol, Global Innovation Index, Global strategic petroleum reserves, Gold, Golden Age of Finnish Art, Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film, Good Friday, Government of Åland, Grand Duchy of Finland, Grand Prix (Cannes Film Festival), Granite, Great Famine of 1695–1697, Great Northern War plague outbreak, Great Wrath, Green League, Greenland, Gross domestic product, Grouse, Gulf of Bothnia, Gulf of Finland, Gulf Stream, Gustav Vasa, Gymnasium (school), Hakkapeliitta, Halti, Hamina, Handicraft, Hanko, Finland, Hannes Kolehmainen, Hanoi Rocks, Hard Rock Hallelujah, Hämeenlinna, Head of state, Health system, Heavy metal music, Heimosodat, Helene Schjerfbeck, Helsingin Sanomat, Helsinki, Helsinki Airport, Helsinki capital region, Helsinki Cathedral, Helsinki Metro, Helsinki metropolitan area, Helsinki Metropolitan Area Council, Helsinki Times, Hemiboreal, Here, Beneath the North Star, Highways in Finland, Hip hop music, Hippophae, Historical provinces of Finland, History of Finland, History of the Jews in Finland, Homeland defense, Homicide, Hornet, Hovrätt, Hugo Simberg, Human development (economics), Humid continental climate, Humus, Hungarian language, Hunter-gatherer, Hunting, Hurriganes, Husky, Hydropower, Ice hockey, Iceland, Ievan polkka, ILGA-Europe, Ilmari Tapiovaara, Immigration to Finland, Inari Sámi language, Independence Day (Finland), Independence of Finland, Index of Economic Freedom, Indigenous peoples, Indo-European languages, Industrial design, Inspector Palmu's Mistake (film), International Energy Agency, International Futures, International Institute for Management Development, International Monetary Fund, International rankings of Finland, International Security Assistance Force, International trade, Iron, Iron Age, Irreligion in Finland, Islam in Finland, ISS A/S, Jakobstad, Jalmari Helander, Javelin throw, Jazz, Jean Sibelius, Jews, Joensuu, Johan Ludvig Runeberg, Johan Vilhelm Snellman, Joik, Joint Expeditionary Force, Joseph Stalin, Judiciary of Sweden, Jugendstil, Juhani Aho, Juho Kusti Paasikivi, Jus sanguinis, Jussi Halla-aho, Jyväskylä, Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg, Kaija Saariaho, Kainuu, Kajaani, Kalevala, Kanta-Häme, Karelia (historical province of Finland), Karelian language, Karita Mattila, Kauniainen, Kayaking, Käärijä, Köppen climate classification, Keke Rosberg, Kesko, Kimi Räikkönen, Kingdom of Finland (1918), Klaus Härö, Kokkola, Koli National Park, Kosovo Force, Kotka, Kouvola, Kristinestad, Kullervo (Sibelius), Kuopio, Kyösti Kallio, Kymenlaakso, Lactose intolerance, Lahti, Laila Pullinen, Land reform, Languages of the European Union, Lapland (Finland), Lapland War, Lappeenranta, Lapua Movement, Last Glacial Period, Latitude, Lauri Kristian Relander, League of Nations, Leevi Madetoja, Left Alliance (Finland), Levi, Finland, LGBT rights by country or territory, LGBT rights in Finland, Liberal democracy, Liberalism, Library of Congress, Life expectancy, Liinakhamari, Linnanmäki, List of airports in Finland, List of countries and dependencies by area, List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita, List of Finland-related topics, List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions, List of glassware, List of lakes of Finland, List of national parks of Finland, List of newspapers in Finland, List of political parties in Finland, List of tourist attractions in Helsinki, List of universities in Finland, List of World Rally Championship Drivers' champions, Literary modernism, Livonian Crusade, Lonely Planet, Lordi, LUT University, Lutheranism, Maamme, Magnus Lindberg, Mainland Finland, Major depressive disorder, Mammal, Mariehamn, Market economy, Marshall Plan, Martti Ahtisaari, Matti Kassila, Matti Klinge, Mauno Koivisto, Metsä Board, Metso, Middle Ages, Midnight sun, Midsummer, Miina Sillanpää, Mika Häkkinen, Mika Kaurismäki, Mika Waltari, Mikael Agricola, Mikkeli, Military personnel, Minister of Finance (Finland), Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Finland), Ministry of Defence (Finland), Ministry of Education and Culture (Finland), Minna Canth, Mishar Tatar dialect, Modernism, Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, Moomins, Moorland, Moose, Moraine, Moscow Armistice, Moscow Peace Treaty, Motorsport, MS Freedom of the Seas, Municipalities of Åland, Municipalities of Finland, Municipalities of Lapland (Finland), Musculoskeletal disorder, Music of Argentina, Mutual intelligibility, Nasdaq Commodities, National anthem, National Coalition Party, National epic, National sport, NATO, NATO Response Force, Nazi Germany, Närpes, Neste, Networked Readiness Index, Neutral country, New Testament, New Year's Day, Nicholas II, Nickel, Nobel Peace Prize, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nokia, Nord Pool, Nordea, Nordic Classicism, Nordic Council, Nordic countries, Nordic energy market, Nordic model, Nordic Regional Airlines, Nordic skiing, Nordic walking, North Germanic languages, North Karelia, North Ostrobothnia, North Savo, Northern Crusades, Northern Europe, Northern pike, Northern Sámi, Norway, Norwegian Air Shuttle, Novgorod Republic, Nuorgam, Nykarleby, Oasis of the Seas, Oat, Oceanic climate, October Revolution, OECD, Oil and gas reserves and resource quantification, Olavinlinna, Old-growth forest, Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant, Olympic Games, Onciderini, Onkalo spent nuclear fuel repository, OP Financial Group, Operation Barbarossa, Organic architecture, Orpo Cabinet, Orthodox Church of Finland, Oskar Merikanto, Ostrobothnia (historical province), Ostrobothnia (region), Oulu, Oulu Airport, Our World in Data, Outline of Finland, Paavo Haavikko, Paavo Nurmi, Pargas, Parliament of Finland, Parliamentary republic, Päijät-Häme, Peasant, Peat, Pechengsky District, Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, Pekka Halonen, Pekka Kuusisto, Per Brahe the Younger, Perch, Pesäpallo, Petteri Orpo, Pew Research Center, Phytogeography, Pine, Pirkanmaa, Podzol, Polar night, Polka, Popular music, Pori, Porvoo, Posiva, Post-glacial rebound, Posti Group, President of Finland, Presidential system, Primary sector of the economy, Prime Minister of Finland, Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse, Product market, Progressive rock, Protestantism, Public broadcasting, Pulp and paper industry, Punk rock, Racism in Finland, Rauma, Finland, Realism (arts), Red Army, Red Guards (Finland), Redwing, Reformation, Regional State Administrative Agency, Regional State Administrative Agency for Eastern Finland, Regional State Administrative Agency for Northern Finland, Regional State Administrative Agency for Southern Finland, Regional State Administrative Agency for Western and Inland Finland, Regions of Finland, Reindeer, Religion in Finland, Renewable energy, Renny Harlin, Representative democracy, Reserve power, Reykjavík, Ridnitšohkka, Ring I, Ring III, Risto Ryti, Rock and roll, Roman law, Romani people, Romantic nationalism, Romanticism, Roots revival, Rovaniemi, Rovio Entertainment, Royal Academy of Turku, Rubus chamaemorus, Rukatunturi, Rule of law, Russia, Russian Empire, Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russian language, Russian Provisional Government, Russian Revolution, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russification of Finland, Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743), Rye, S Group, Saimaa, Saimaa ringed seal, Salmon, Salpausselkä, Santa Claus, Santa Claus Village, Santa Park, Sarmatic mixed forests, Satakunta, Sauli Niinistö, Savonlinna, Savonlinna Opera Festival, Sámi homeland (Finland), Sámi languages, Sámi peoples, Säkkijärven polkka, Särkänniemi, Scandinavian and Russian taiga, Scandinavian montane birch forest and grasslands, Schengen Area, Schlager music, Second Swedish Crusade, Seima-Turbino culture, Seinäjoki, Seitsemän veljestä, Semi-presidential republic, Siberia, Siviilipalvelus, Ski jumping, Ski resort, Skolt Sámi, Sled, Social Democratic Party of Finland, Social services, Socialism, Solar wind, South Karelia, South Ostrobothnia, South Savo, Southwest Finland, Soviet Union, Speaker of the Parliament of Finland, Speed limit, Spruce, Steel, Stillbirth, Stockholm, Stone Age, Student financial aid in Finland, Sub-regions of Finland, Sub-replacement fertility, Subarctic climate, Suomenlinna, Supreme Administrative Court of Finland, Supreme Court of Finland, Sweden, Swedes, Swedish Empire, Swedish language, Swedish People's Party of Finland, Swedish-speaking population of Finland, Taiga, Tallinn, Tampere, Tampere Ring Road, Tampere University, Tampere urban area, Tango music, Tanner Cabinet, Tapio Wirkkala, Tarja Halonen, Tatars, Tavastians, Telecommunications in Finland, Telephone numbers in Finland, Temperate climate, Tertiary sector of the economy, Terveet Kädet, The Barents Observer, The Fencer, The Lancet, The Man Without a Past, The Tales of Ensign Stål, The Unknown Soldier (1955 film), The Unknown Soldier (novel), The White Reindeer, The World Factbook, Third Swedish Crusade, Thirty Years' War, Till, Timo Sarpaneva, Toivo Kuula, Tom of Finland, Total fertility rate, Tove Jansson, Track and field, Traditional Nordic dance music, Transparency International, Travel + Leisure, Travemünde, Treaty of Tartu (Finland–Russia), Tree line, Tsar, Tundra, Turku, Two-round system, Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, Ukrainian language, Ulfberht swords, Under the North Star trilogy, UNESCO, UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists, Unicameralism, Unitary parliamentary republic, United Nations, United Nations Development Programme, United States Department of State, Universal suffrage, University of Eastern Finland, University of Helsinki, University of Jyväskylä, University of Oulu, University of Turku, UPM (company), Uralic languages, Urho Kekkonen, Uuno Klami, Uuno Turhapuro, Uuno Turhapuro armeijan leivissä, Uusimaa, Vaasa, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Vaisala, Valmet, Vantaa, Väinö Linna, Video games in Finland, Vladimir Lenin, Vocational education, Volleyball, VR Class Sr2, VR Group, Vuosaari Harbour, Vyborg Governorate, Walpurgis Night, Watt, Wäinö Aaltonen, Welfare in Finland, Welfare state, Wellbeing services counties of Finland, Western capercaillie, Western Europe, White Guard (Finland), Whole grain, Whooper swan, Wigwam (Finnish band), Willow warbler, Winter War, Wired (magazine), Wolf, Wolverine, Women in Finland, Women's rights, Wood processing, World Bank, World Economic Forum, World Happiness Report, World Rally Championship, World Trade Organization, World Wide Fund for Nature, Yachting, YIT, Yle, Yle Uutiset, Ylläs, Zachris Topelius, .ax, .eu, .fi, 1912 Summer Olympics, 1952 Summer Olympics, 1990s Finnish banking crisis, 1995 enlargement of the European Union, 2000 Finnish presidential election, 2002 Cannes Film Festival, 2007–2008 financial crisis, 2024 Finnish presidential election, 20th meridian east, 32nd meridian east, 60th parallel north, 70th parallel north.