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Firefighter

Index Firefighter

A firefighter is a rescuer extensively trained in firefighting, primarily to extinguish hazardous fires that threaten life, property and the environment as well as to rescue people and animals from dangerous situations. [1]

260 relations: A-weighting, Abilene, Texas, Acetaldehyde, Alpha decay, Angiosarcoma, Armband, Arsenic, Arson, Asbestos, Atherosclerosis, Augustus, Backdraft, Benz(a)anthracene, Benz(e)acephenanthrylene, Benzene, Benzo(a)pyrene, Benzo(k)fluoranthene, Benzofuran, Beta particle, Bladder cancer, Brevet (military), Brigadier general, Bugle, Bunker gear, Cadmium, Cancer, Captain, Carabinieri, Carbon, Carbon black, Carbon monoxide, Carcinogen, Cardiovascular disease, Cervical cancer, Chile, Chip Prather, Chloroform, Chlorophenol, Cholangiocarcinoma, Chrysene, Cincinnati Fire Department, Circulatory system, Civil service, Colonel, Commonwealth of Nations, Company officer (firefighter), Conflagration, Coronary artery disease, Corporal, Dalmatian dog, ..., Dangerous goods, Departments of France, Dibenz(a,h)anthracene, Dichloromethane, Dispatcher, Dyess Air Force Base, Ear protection, Egypt, Emergency medical services, Emergency service, Esophageal cancer, Ethylbenzene, Expert, Federal Communications Commission, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Fire chief, Fire department, Fire extinguisher, Fire hose, Fire investigation, Fire marshal, Fire police, Fire protection, Fire safety, Fire sprinkler, Fire triangle, Firefighter arson, Firefighter assist and search team, Firefighter's helmet, Firefighting, Firefighting apparatus, First lieutenant, Flashlight, Flashover, Formaldehyde, Francis Brannigan, Fuel, Full face diving mask, Furan, Future Force Warrior, Gamma ray, Gas detector, Gastrointestinal cancer, German fire services, Grand Rapids, Michigan, Graz, Great Fire of Valparaíso, Halligan bar, HAZWOPER, Hearing conservation program, History of firefighting, HMS Illustrious (R06), Horse, Hydraulic rescue tools, Hydrogen cyanide, Hypertension, Hyperthermia, Hypoxia (medical), Impeller, Impulse noise (audio), Incident Command System, Incident commander, Incirlik Air Base, Index of firefighting articles, Innsbruck, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Isoprene, James Braidwood (firefighter), James J. Kenney, John Decker (fire chief), Klagenfurt, Laryngeal cancer, Law enforcement officer, Lead, Leukemia, Lieutenant colonel, Linz, List of IARC Group 1 carcinogens, List of IARC Group 2A carcinogens, List of IARC Group 2B carcinogens, List of IARC Group 3 carcinogens, Liver cancer, Liverpool, Livestock, Longitudinal study, Louis R. Nowell, Lung cancer, Major, Major general, Marseille Naval Fire Battalion, Master sergeant, Megaphone, Mesothelioma, Military, Ministry of Emergency Situations (Russia), Ministry of Internal Affairs (Russia), Mongrel, MOPP, Myocardial infarction, Naphthalene, Nasopharynx cancer, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, National service in Singapore, Naval Forces Japan (United States), Negligence, New Amsterdam, New York (state), New York City Fire Department, New Zealand, New Zealand Fire Service, Nitrogen, Noise-induced hearing loss, Nomex, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Ototoxicity, Oxygen, Paramedic, Paris Fire Brigade, Particulates, PASS device, Persian language, Personal protective equipment, Pike pole, Police, Police of Russia, Polychlorinated biphenyl, Posttraumatic stress disorder, Principate, Private (rank), Private first class, Probationary Firefighter, Prostate cancer, Public security, Public service, Public service announcement, Raúl Gándara Cartagena, Radiation, Radio, Renal cell carcinoma, Republic of Ireland, Rescue, Rescuer, Retained firefighter, Rhineland-Palatinate, Roman Republic, Romania, Romanian General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations, Rope, Royal Navy, Russia, Salzburg, Sapper, Sarcoma, Second lieutenant, Self-contained breathing apparatus, Sergeant, Sergeant major, Shift work, Ship, Shoulder mark, Silicon dioxide, Singapore, Singapore Civil Defence Force, Skin cancer, Smoke detector, Smoke inhalation, Smokejumper, Staff sergeant, State school, Steel-toe boot, Stress (biology), Structural integrity and failure, Structure fire, Styrene, Sulfuric acid, Tachycardia, Telecommunication, Ten-code, Tetrachloroethylene, The Boston Globe, The Guardian, Thermal imaging camera, Tinnitus, Toluene diisocyanate, Toronto Fire Services, Traffic collision, Training, Trichloroethylene, Triphenylene, Truss, Turkey, Two-in, two-out, United Kingdom, United States, Urban area, Urbanization, Venezuela, Ventilation (firefighting), Vienna, Vigiles, Vigili del Fuoco, Vladimir Pravik, Volunteer fire department, Wildfire suppression, Wildland Firefighter Foundation, Women in firefighting, Wrench, 1,3-Butadiene, 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin. Expand index (210 more) »

A-weighting

A-weighting is the most commonly used of a family of curves defined in the International standard IEC 61672:2003 and various national standards relating to the measurement of sound pressure level.

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Abilene, Texas

Abilene is a city in Taylor and Jones counties in West Texas, United States.

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Acetaldehyde

Acetaldehyde (systematic name ethanal) is an organic chemical compound with the formula CH3CHO, sometimes abbreviated by chemists as MeCHO (Me.

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Alpha decay

Alpha decay or α-decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an atomic nucleus emits an alpha particle (helium nucleus) and thereby transforms or 'decays' into an atom with a mass number that is reduced by four and an atomic number that is reduced by two.

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Angiosarcoma

Angiosarcoma is a cancer of the cells that line the walls of blood vessels or lymphatic vessels.

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Armband

An armband is a piece of material worn around the arm over the sleeve or other clothing if present.

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Arsenic

Arsenic is a chemical element with symbol As and atomic number 33.

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Arson

Arson is a crime of intentionally, deliberately and maliciously setting fire to buildings, wildland areas, abandoned homes, vehicles or other property with the intent to cause damage or enjoy the act.

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Asbestos

Asbestos is a set of six naturally occurring silicate minerals, which all have in common their eponymous asbestiform habit: i.e. long (roughly 1:20 aspect ratio), thin fibrous crystals, with each visible fiber composed of millions of microscopic "fibrils" that can be released by abrasion and other processes.

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Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a disease in which the inside of an artery narrows due to the build up of plaque.

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Augustus

Augustus (Augustus; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August 14 AD) was a Roman statesman and military leader who was the first Emperor of the Roman Empire, controlling Imperial Rome from 27 BC until his death in AD 14.

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Backdraft

A backdraft is a dramatic event caused by a fire, resulting from rapid re-introduction of oxygen to combustion in an oxygen-depleted environment; for example, the breaking of a window or opening of a door to an enclosed space.

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Benz(a)anthracene

Benzanthracene or benzoanthracene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C18H12.

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Benz(e)acephenanthrylene

Talk:Benz(e)acephenanthrylene#MadmanBot seems to be in error.) - please let me know if otherwise of course - in any case - Enjoy!) Drbogdan (talk) 15:53, 5 March 2014 (UTC) ---> Benzacephenanthrylene is an organic compound with the chemical formula C20H12. It is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) made of four benzene rings around a 5-membered ring. On February 22, 2014, NASA announced a greatly upgraded database for detecting and monitoring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including benzacephenanthrylene (as benzofluoranthene, a synonym), in the universe. According to NASA scientists, over 20% of the carbon in the universe may be associated with PAHs, possible starting materials for the formation of life. PAHs seem to have been formed shortly after the Big Bang, are abundant in the universe, and are associated with new stars and exoplanets.

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Benzene

Benzene is an important organic chemical compound with the chemical formula C6H6.

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Benzo(a)pyrene

Benzopyrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and the result of incomplete combustion of organic matter at temperatures between and.

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Benzo(k)fluoranthene

Benzofluoranthene is an organic compound with the chemical formula C20H12.

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Benzofuran

Benzofuran is the heterocyclic compound consisting of fused benzene and furan rings.

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Beta particle

A beta particle, also called beta ray or beta radiation, (symbol β) is a high-energy, high-speed electron or positron emitted by the radioactive decay of an atomic nucleus during the process of beta decay.

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Bladder cancer

Bladder cancer is any of several types of cancer arising from the tissues of the urinary bladder.

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Brevet (military)

In many of the world's military establishments, a brevet was a warrant giving a commissioned officer a higher rank title as a reward for gallantry or meritorious conduct but without conferring the authority, precedence, or pay of real rank.

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Brigadier general

Brigadier general (Brig. Gen.) is a senior rank in the armed forces.

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Bugle

The bugle is one of the simplest brass instruments, having no valves or other pitch-altering devices.

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Bunker gear

Bunker gear or turnout gear, also known as a fire kit in the UK and Ireland, are terms used by many firefighters to refer to their Personal Protective Equipment or PPE.

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Cadmium

Cadmium is a chemical element with symbol Cd and atomic number 48.

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Cancer

Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.

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Captain

Captain and chief officer are overlapping terms, formal or informal, for the commander of a military unit, the commander of a ship, airplane, spacecraft, or other vessel, or the commander of a port, fire department or police department, election precinct, etc.

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Carabinieri

The Carabinieri (formally Arma dei Carabinieri, "Carabinieri Force" or previously Corpo dei Carabinieri Reali, "Royal Carabinieri Corps") is the fourth Italian military force charged with police duties under the authority of the Ministry of Defense.

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Carbon

Carbon (from carbo "coal") is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6.

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Carbon black

Carbon black (subtypes are acetylene black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black and thermal black) is a material produced by the incomplete combustion of heavy petroleum products such as FCC tar, coal tar, ethylene cracking tar, with the addition of a small amount of vegetable oil.

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Carbon monoxide

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is slightly less dense than air.

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Carcinogen

A carcinogen is any substance, radionuclide, or radiation that promotes carcinogenesis, the formation of cancer.

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Cardiovascular disease

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels.

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Cervical cancer

Cervical cancer is a cancer arising from the cervix.

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Chile

Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a South American country occupying a long, narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west.

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Chip Prather

Charles Prather (born 1953) is an American former firefighter who was the second Fire Chief of the Orange County Fire Authority (OCFA) in California, United States.

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Chloroform

Chloroform, or trichloromethane, is an organic compound with formula CHCl3.

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Chlorophenol

A chlorophenol is any organochloride of phenol that contains one or more covalently bonded chlorine atoms.

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Cholangiocarcinoma

Cholangiocarcinoma, also known as bile duct cancer or "sneaky Pete", is a form of cancer that is composed of mutated epithelial cells (or cells showing characteristics of epithelial differentiation) that originate in the bile ducts which drain bile from the liver into the small intestine.

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Chrysene

Chrysene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) with the molecular formula that consists of four fused benzene rings.

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Cincinnati Fire Department

The Cincinnati Fire Department provides fire protection and emergency medical services for Cincinnati, Ohio.

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Circulatory system

The circulatory system, also called the cardiovascular system or the vascular system, is an organ system that permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and from the cells in the body to provide nourishment and help in fighting diseases, stabilize temperature and pH, and maintain homeostasis.

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Civil service

The civil service is independent of government and composed mainly of career bureaucrats hired on professional merit rather than appointed or elected, whose institutional tenure typically survives transitions of political leadership.

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Colonel

Colonel ("kernel", abbreviated Col., Col or COL) is a senior military officer rank below the brigadier and general officer ranks.

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Commonwealth of Nations

The Commonwealth of Nations, often known as simply the Commonwealth, is an intergovernmental organisation of 53 member states that are mostly former territories of the British Empire.

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Company officer (firefighter)

A company officer (CO) is the individual in charge of a crew of firefighters and their responding apparatus in the United States.

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Conflagration

A conflagration is a large and destructive fire that threatens human life, animal life, health, and/or property.

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Coronary artery disease

Coronary artery disease (CAD), also known as ischemic heart disease (IHD), refers to a group of diseases which includes stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death.

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Corporal

Corporal is a military rank in use in some form by many militaries and by some police forces or other uniformed organizations.

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Dalmatian dog

The Dalmatian is a breed of medium-sized dog, noted for its unique black or liver spotted coat and mainly used as a carriage dog in its early days.

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Dangerous goods

Dangerous goods or hazardous goods are solids, liquids, or gases that can harm people, other living organisms, property, or the environment.

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Departments of France

In the administrative divisions of France, the department (département) is one of the three levels of government below the national level ("territorial collectivities"), between the administrative regions and the commune.

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Dibenz(a,h)anthracene

Dibenzanthracene is an organic compound with the chemical formula C22H14.

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Dichloromethane

Methylene dichloride (DCM, or methylene chloride, or dichloromethane) is a geminal organic compound with the formula CH2Cl2.

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Dispatcher

Dispatchers are communications personnel responsible for receiving and transmitting pure and reliable messages, tracking vehicles and equipment, and recording other important information.

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Dyess Air Force Base

Dyess Air Force Base (AFB) is a United States Air Force base located approximately southwest of Abilene, Texas.

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Ear protection

Ear protection refers to devices used to protect the ear, either externally from elements such as cold, intrusion by water and other environmental conditions, debris, or specifically from noise.

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Egypt

Egypt (مِصر, مَصر, Khēmi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula.

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Emergency medical services

Emergency medical services, also known as ambulance services or paramedic services (abbreviated to the initialism EMS, EMAS, EMARS or SAMU in some countries), are a type of emergency service dedicated to providing out-of-hospital acute medical care, transport to definitive care, and other medical transport to patients with illnesses and injuries which prevent the patient from transporting themselves.

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Emergency service

Emergency services and rescue services are organizations which ensure public safety and health by addressing different emergencies.

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Esophageal cancer

Esophageal cancer is cancer arising from the esophagus—the food pipe that runs between the throat and the stomach.

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Ethylbenzene

Ethylbenzene is an organic compound with the formula C6H5CH2CH3.

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Expert

An expert is someone who has a prolonged or intense experience through practice and education in a particular field.

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Federal Communications Commission

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is an independent agency of the United States government created by statute (and) to regulate interstate communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable.

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Federal Emergency Management Agency

The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is an agency of the United States Department of Homeland Security, initially created by Presidential Reorganization Plan No.

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Fire chief

Fire Chief (or Chief Fire Officer in England and Wales; or Fire Master in Scotland) is a top executive rank or commanding officer in a fire department (either elected or appointed).

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Fire department

A fire department (American English) or fire brigade (British English), also known as a fire protection district, fire authority or fire and rescue service is an organization that primarily provides firefighting services for a specific geographic area.

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Fire extinguisher

A fire extinguisher is an active fire protection device used to extinguish or control small fires, often in emergency situations.

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Fire hose

A fire hose (or firehose) is a high-pressure hose that carries water or other fire retardant (such as foam) to a fire to extinguish it.

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Fire investigation

Fire investigation, sometimes referred to as origin and cause investigation, is the analysis of fire-related incidents.

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Fire marshal

A fire marshal or "Fire Commissioner", in the United States and Canada, is often a member of a state, provincial or territorial government, but may be part of a building department or a separate department altogether.

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Fire police

For the article on World War Two era German firefighters see: Feuerschutzpolizei Fire Police are volunteer fire brigade/company members who based upon their jurisdictional authority, receive sworn police powers, special training, and support firefighting efforts at emergency incidents.

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Fire protection

Fire protection is the study and practice of mitigating the unwanted effects of potentially destructive fires.

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Fire safety

Fire safety is the set of practices intended to reduce the destruction caused by fire.

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Fire sprinkler

A fire sprinkler or sprinkler head is the component of a fire sprinkler system that discharges water when the effects of a fire have been detected, such as when a predetermined temperature has been exceeded.

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Fire triangle

The Fire Triangle or Combustion Triangle or ″Fire Diamond ″ are simple models for understanding the necessary ingredients for most fires.

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Firefighter arson

Firefighter arson is a persistent phenomenon involving a minority of firefighters who are also active arsonists.

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Firefighter assist and search team

A firefighter assist and search team (FAST), also known as a rapid intervention team/crew/dispatch (RIT/RIC/RID), is a team of two or more firefighters dedicated solely to the search and rescue of other firefighters in distress.

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Firefighter's helmet

For centuries, firefighters have worn helmets to protect them from heat, cinders and falling objects.

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Firefighting

Firefighting is the act of attempting to prevent the spread of and extinguish significant unwanted fires in buildings, vehicles, woodlands, etc.

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Firefighting apparatus

A firefighting apparatus describes any vehicle that has been customized for use during firefighting operations.

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First lieutenant

First lieutenant is a commissioned officer military rank in many armed forces and, in some forces, an appointment.

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Flashlight

A flashlight (more often called a torch outside North America) is a portable hand-held electric light.

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Flashover

A flashover is the near-simultaneous ignition of most of the directly exposed combustible material in an enclosed area.

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Formaldehyde

No description.

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Francis Brannigan

Francis L. (Frank) Brannigan (October 13, 1918 – January 10, 2006) was a writer and teacher in the field of fire protection engineering.

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Fuel

A fuel is any material that can be made to react with other substances so that it releases energy as heat energy or to be used for work.

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Full face diving mask

A full-face diving mask is a type of diving mask that seals the whole of the diver's face from the water and contains a mouthpiece, demand valve or constant flow gas supply that provides the diver with breathing gas.

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Furan

Furan is a heterocyclic organic compound, consisting of a five-membered aromatic ring with four carbon atoms and one oxygen.

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Future Force Warrior

Future Force Warrior was a United States military advanced technology demonstration project that was part of the Future Combat Systems project.

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Gamma ray

A gamma ray or gamma radiation (symbol γ or \gamma), is penetrating electromagnetic radiation arising from the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei.

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Gas detector

A gas detector is a device that detects the presence of gases in an area, often as part of a safety system.

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Gastrointestinal cancer

Gastrointestinal cancer refers to malignant conditions of the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) and accessory organs of digestion, including the esophagus, stomach, biliary system, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus.

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German fire services

The Feuerwehr (German for fire defence) is a number of German fire departments.

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Grand Rapids, Michigan

Grand Rapids is the second-largest city in Michigan, and the largest city in West Michigan.

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Graz

Graz is the capital of Styria and the second-largest city in Austria after Vienna.

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Great Fire of Valparaíso

The Great Fire of Valparaíso (Gran Incendio de Valparaíso) started on 12 April 2014 at 16:40 local time (19:40 UTC), in the hills of the city of Valparaíso, Chile.

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Halligan bar

A Halligan bar (also called a Halligan tool or "hooligan bar" for its effect) is a forcible entry tool used by firefighters and law enforcement.

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HAZWOPER

Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER) is a set of guidelines produced and maintained by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration which regulates hazardous waste operations and emergency services in the United States and its territories.

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Hearing conservation program

Hearing conservation programs are designed to prevent hearing loss due to noise.

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History of firefighting

The history of organized firefighting began in ancient Rome while under the rule of Augustus.

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HMS Illustrious (R06)

HMS Illustrious was a light aircraft carrier of the Royal Navy and the second of three ships constructed in the late 1970s and early 1980s.

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Horse

The horse (Equus ferus caballus) is one of two extant subspecies of ''Equus ferus''.

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Hydraulic rescue tools

Hydraulic rescue tools are used by emergency rescue personnel to assist vehicle extrication of crash victims, as well as other rescues from small spaces.

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Hydrogen cyanide

Hydrogen cyanide (HCN), sometimes called prussic acid, is a chemical compound with the chemical formula HCN.

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Hypertension

Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated.

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Hyperthermia

Hyperthermia is elevated body temperature due to failed thermoregulation that occurs when a body produces or absorbs more heat than it dissipates.

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Hypoxia (medical)

Hypoxia is a condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply at the tissue level.

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Impeller

An impeller (also written as impellor or impellar) is a rotor used to increase (or decrease in case of turbines) the pressure and flow of a fluid.

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Impulse noise (audio)

Impulse noise is a category of (acoustic) noise which includes unwanted, almost instantaneous (thus impulse-like) sharp sounds (like clicks and pops).

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Incident Command System

The Incident Command System (ICS) is a standardized approach to the command, control, and coordination of emergency response providing a common hierarchy within which responders from multiple agencies can be effective.

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Incident commander

The incident commander is the person responsible for all aspects of an emergency response; including quickly developing incident objectives, managing all incident operations, application of resources as well as responsibility for all persons involved.

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Incirlik Air Base

Incirlik Air Base (İncirlik Hava Üssü) is a Turkish air base of slightly more than 3320 ac (1335 ha), located in the İncirlik quarter of the city of Adana, Turkey.

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Index of firefighting articles

Firefighting is the act of extinguishing destructive fires.

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Innsbruck

Innsbruck is the capital city of Tyrol in western Austria and the fifth-largest city in Austria.

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International Agency for Research on Cancer

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC; Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC) is an intergovernmental agency forming part of the World Health Organization of the United Nations.

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Isoprene

Isoprene, or 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, is a common organic compound with the formula CH2.

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James Braidwood (firefighter)

James Braidwood (1800–1861) founded the world's first municipal fire service in Edinburgh in 1824, and was the first director of the London Fire Engine Establishment (the brigade which was eventually to become the London Fire Brigade).

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James J. Kenney

James J. Kenney (1869 – March 23, 1916) was the first fire chief in the city of Berkeley, California.

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John Decker (fire chief)

John Decker (May 15, 1823 – November 18, 1892) was an American businessman, politician and firefighter.

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Klagenfurt

Klagenfurt am WörtherseeLandesgesetzblatt 2008 vom 16.

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Laryngeal cancer

Laryngeal cancer, also known as cancer of the larynx or laryngeal carcinoma, are mostly squamous cell carcinomas, reflecting their origin from the skin of the larynx.

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Law enforcement officer

A law enforcement officer (LEO) or peace officer, in North American English, is a public-sector employee whose duties primarily involve the enforcement of laws.

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Lead

Lead is a chemical element with symbol Pb (from the Latin plumbum) and atomic number 82.

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Leukemia

Leukemia, also spelled leukaemia, is a group of cancers that usually begin in the bone marrow and result in high numbers of abnormal white blood cells.

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Lieutenant colonel

Lieutenant colonel is a rank of commissioned officer in the armies, most marine forces and some air forces of the world, above a major and below a colonel.

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Linz

Linz (Linec) is the third-largest city of Austria and capital of the state of Upper Austria (Oberösterreich).

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List of IARC Group 1 carcinogens

Substances, mixtures and exposure circumstances in this list have been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as Group 1: The agent (mixture) is carcinogenic to humans.

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List of IARC Group 2A carcinogens

The agents in this list have been classified in Group 2A (probable carcinogens) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).

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List of IARC Group 2B carcinogens

Substances, mixtures and exposure circumstances in this list have been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as Group 2B: The agent (mixture) is "possibly carcinogenic to humans".

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List of IARC Group 3 carcinogens

Substances, mixtures and exposure circumstances in this list have been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as Group 3: The agent (mixture or exposure circumstance) is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. This category is used most commonly for agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans and inadequate or limited in experimental animals.

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Liver cancer

Liver cancer, also known as hepatic cancer and primary hepatic cancer, is cancer that starts in the liver.

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Liverpool

Liverpool is a city in North West England, with an estimated population of 491,500 in 2017.

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Livestock

Livestock are domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting to produce labor and commodities such as meat, eggs, milk, fur, leather, and wool.

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Longitudinal study

A longitudinal study (or longitudinal survey, or panel study) is a research design that involves repeated observations of the same variables (e.g., people) over short or long periods of time (i.e., uses longitudinal data).

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Louis R. Nowell

Louis R. Nowell (1915–2009) was a career fireman, rising to the rank of fire captain, and politician in Los Angeles, California.

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Lung cancer

Lung cancer, also known as lung carcinoma, is a malignant lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung.

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Major

Major is a military rank of commissioned officer status, with corresponding ranks existing in many military forces throughout the world.

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Major general

Major general (abbreviated MG, Maj. Gen. and similar) is a military rank used in many countries.

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Marseille Naval Fire Battalion

The Marseille Naval Fire Battalion (Bataillon de marins-pompiers de Marseille, or BMPM), is the fire and rescue service for the city of Marseille.

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Master sergeant

A master sergeant is the military rank for a senior non-commissioned officer in the armed forces of some countries.

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Megaphone

A megaphone, speaking-trumpet, bullhorn, blowhorn, or loudhailer is usually a portable or hand-held, cone-shaped acoustic horn used to amplify a person’s voice or other sounds and direct it in a given direction.

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Mesothelioma

Mesothelioma is a type of cancer that develops from the thin layer of tissue that covers many of the internal organs (known as the mesothelium).

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Military

A military or armed force is a professional organization formally authorized by a sovereign state to use lethal or deadly force and weapons to support the interests of the state.

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Ministry of Emergency Situations (Russia)

Russian President Boris Yeltsin established the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Affairs for Civil Defence, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters (Министерство России по делам гражданской обороны, чрезвычайным ситуациям и ликвидации последствий стихийных бедствий), also known as The Ministry of Emergency Situations, MChS (Министерство по чрезвычайным ситуациям – МЧС России), or internationally as EMERCOM (derived from "Emergency Control Ministry") on January 10, 1994.

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Ministry of Internal Affairs (Russia)

The Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (MOI, Министерство внутренних дел, МВД, Ministerstvo Vnutrennikh Del, MVD) is the interior ministry of Russia.

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Mongrel

A mongrel, mixed-breed dog or mutt is a dog that does not belong to one officially recognized breed and is not the result of intentional breeding.

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MOPP

MOPP (an acronym for "Mission Oriented Protective Posture"; pronounced "mop") is protective gear used by U.S. military personnel in a toxic environment, e.g., during a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear (CBRN) strike.

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Myocardial infarction

Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to a part of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle.

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Naphthalene

Naphthalene is an organic compound with formula.

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Nasopharynx cancer

Nasopharynx cancer or nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common cancer originating in the nasopharynx, most commonly in the postero-lateral nasopharynx or pharyngeal recess or 'Fossa of Rosenmüller' accounting for 50% cases.

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National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is the United States federal agency responsible for conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention of work-related injury and illness.

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National service in Singapore

National Service in Singapore, (commonly known as NS), is a statutory requirement for all male Singaporean citizens and second-generation permanent residents to undergo a period of compulsory service in the uniformed services.

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Naval Forces Japan (United States)

U.S. Naval Forces Japan/Navy Region Japan (CNFJ/CNRJ) is a dual-hatted command with command and control authority of all shore installations and assigned forces of the United States Navy in Japan as well as the responsibility to liaise with the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF).

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Negligence

Negligence (Lat. negligentia) is a failure to exercise appropriate and or ethical ruled care expected to be exercised amongst specified circumstances.

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New Amsterdam

New Amsterdam (Nieuw Amsterdam, or) was a 17th-century Dutch settlement established at the southern tip of Manhattan Island that served as the seat of the colonial government in New Netherland.

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New York (state)

New York is a state in the northeastern United States.

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New York City Fire Department

The New York City Fire Department, officially the Fire Department of the City of New York (FDNY), is a department of the government of New York City that provides fire protection, technical rescue, primary response to biological, chemical, and radioactive hazards, and emergency medical services to the five boroughs of New York City.

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New Zealand

New Zealand (Aotearoa) is a sovereign island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.

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New Zealand Fire Service

The New Zealand Fire Service (NZFS, Whakaratonga Iwi, "Service to the People") was New Zealand's main firefighting body from 1 April 1976 until 1 July 2017 - at which point it was dissolved and incorporated into the new Fire and Emergency New Zealand.

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Nitrogen

Nitrogen is a chemical element with symbol N and atomic number 7.

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Noise-induced hearing loss

Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is hearing impairment resulting from exposure to loud sound.

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Nomex

Nomex is a flame-resistant meta-aramid material developed in the early 1960s by DuPont and first marketed in 1967.

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Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a group of blood cancers that includes all types of lymphoma except Hodgkin's lymphomas.

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Occupational Safety and Health Administration

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is an agency of the United States Department of Labor.

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Ototoxicity

Ototoxicity is the property of being toxic to the ear (oto-), specifically the cochlea or auditory nerve and sometimes the vestibular system, for example, as a side effect of a drug.

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Oxygen

Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8.

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Paramedic

A paramedic is a healthcare professional who responds to medical emergencies outside of a hospital.

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Paris Fire Brigade

The Paris Fire Brigade (French: Brigade des sapeurs-pompiers de Paris, BSPP), is a French Army unit which serves as the primary fire and rescue service for Paris and certain sites of national strategic importance.

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Particulates

Atmospheric aerosol particles, also known as atmospheric particulate matter, particulate matter (PM), particulates, or suspended particulate matter (SPM) are microscopic solid or liquid matter suspended in Earth's atmosphere.

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PASS device

A PASS device (Personal Alert Safety System) also known as a distress signal unit (DSU) or ADSU (Automatic Distress Signal Unit), is a personal safety device used primarily by firefighters entering a hazardous (IDLH) environment such as a burning building.

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Persian language

Persian, also known by its endonym Farsi (فارسی), is one of the Western Iranian languages within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family.

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Personal protective equipment

Personal protective equipment (PPE) refers to protective clothing, helmets, goggles, or other garments or equipment designed to protect the wearer's body from injury or infection.

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Pike pole

Pike poles are long metal-topped wood, aluminum, or fiberglass poles used for reaching, holding, or pulling.

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Police

A police force is a constituted body of persons empowered by a state to enforce the law, to protect people and property, and to prevent crime and civil disorder.

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Police of Russia

Police (r) is the federal law-enforcement agency in Russia, operating under the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

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Polychlorinated biphenyl

A polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) is an organic chlorine compound with the formula C12H10−xClx.

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Posttraumatic stress disorder

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)Acceptable variants of this term exist; see the Terminology section in this article.

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Principate

The Principate is the name sometimes given to the first period of the Roman Empire from the beginning of the reign of Augustus in 27 BC to the end of the Crisis of the Third Century in 284 AD, after which it evolved into the so-called Dominate.

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Private (rank)

A private is a soldier of the lowest military rank (equivalent to NATO Rank Grades OR-1 to OR-3 depending on the force served in).

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Private first class

Private First Class (PFC) is a military rank held by junior enlisted personnel.

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Probationary Firefighter

A Probationary Firefighter (PFF), also known as a Rookie Firefighter, a Candidate Firefighter, or Probie for short, is any firefighter in their first 6–18 months of service in a particular fire department.

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Prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is the development of cancer in the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system.

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Public security

Public security is the function of governments which ensures the protection of citizens, persons in their territory, organizations, and institutions against threats to their well-being – and to the prosperity of their communities.

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Public service

Public service is a service which is provided by government to people living within its jurisdiction, either directly (through the public sector) or by financing provision of services.

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Public service announcement

A public service announcement (PSA), or public service ad, is a message in the public interest disseminated without charge, with the objective of raising awareness, changing public attitudes and behavior towards a social issue.

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Raúl Gándara Cartagena

Raúl Gándara Cartagena (1895–1989) was fire chief in Ponce, Puerto Rico, and the first and longest-serving Commonwealth of Puerto Rico fire chief.

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Radiation

In physics, radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or through a material medium.

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Radio

Radio is the technology of using radio waves to carry information, such as sound, by systematically modulating properties of electromagnetic energy waves transmitted through space, such as their amplitude, frequency, phase, or pulse width.

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Renal cell carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a kidney cancer that originates in the lining of the proximal convoluted tubule, a part of the very small tubes in the kidney that transport primary urine.

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Republic of Ireland

Ireland (Éire), also known as the Republic of Ireland (Poblacht na hÉireann), is a sovereign state in north-western Europe occupying 26 of 32 counties of the island of Ireland.

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Rescue

Rescue comprises responsive operations that usually involve the saving of life, or prevention of injury during an incident or dangerous situation.

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Rescuer

A rescuer is a person who rescues something from harm or danger.

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Retained firefighter

In the United Kingdom and Ireland, a retained firefighter, also known as an RDS Firefighter or on-call firefighter, is a firefighter who does not work full-time but is paid to spend long periods of time on call to respond to emergencies through the Retained Duty System.

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Rhineland-Palatinate

Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz) is one of the 16 states (Bundesländer) of the Federal Republic of Germany.

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Roman Republic

The Roman Republic (Res publica Romana) was the era of classical Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom, traditionally dated to 509 BC, and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire.

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Romania

Romania (România) is a sovereign state located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe.

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Romanian General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations

The Romanian General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations (Inspectoratul General pentru Situaţii de Urgenţă - IGSU) is a structure of the Ministry of Administration and Interior created on December 15, 2004, by merging the Civil Defense Command (Comandamentul Protecţiei Civile) with the General Inspectorate of the Military Firefighters Corps (Inspectoratul General al Corpului Pompierilor Militari).

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Rope

A rope is a group of yarns, plies, fibers or strands that are twisted or braided together into a larger and stronger form.

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Royal Navy

The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force.

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Russia

Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

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Salzburg

Salzburg, literally "salt fortress", is the fourth-largest city in Austria and the capital of Salzburg state.

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Sapper

A sapper, also called pioneer or combat engineer, is a combatant or soldier who performs a variety of military engineering duties such as breaching fortifications, demolitions, bridge-building, laying or clearing minefields, preparing field defenses as well as building, and working on road and airfield construction and repair.

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Sarcoma

A sarcoma is a cancer that arises from transformed cells of mesenchymal origin.

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Second lieutenant

Second lieutenant (called lieutenant in some countries) is a junior commissioned officer military rank in many armed forces, comparable to NATO OF-1b rank.

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Self-contained breathing apparatus

A self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) sometimes referred to as a compressed air breathing apparatus (CABA), or simply breathing apparatus (BA), is a device worn by rescue workers, firefighters, and others to provide breathable air in an immediately dangerous to life or health atmosphere (IDLH).

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Sergeant

Sergeant (abbreviated to Sgt and capitalized when used as a named person's title) is a rank in many uniformed organizations, principally military and policing forces.

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Sergeant major

Sergeant major is a senior non-commissioned rank or appointment in many militaries around the world.

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Shift work

Shift work is an employment practice designed to make use of, or provide service across, all 24 hours of the clock each day of the week (often abbreviated as 24/7).

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Ship

A ship is a large watercraft that travels the world's oceans and other sufficiently deep waterways, carrying passengers or goods, or in support of specialized missions, such as defense, research and fishing.

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Shoulder mark

A shoulder mark, also called an epaulette, shoulder board, rank slide, or slip-on, is a flat cloth sleeve worn on the shoulder strap of a uniform.

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Silicon dioxide

Silicon dioxide, also known as silica (from the Latin silex), is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula, most commonly found in nature as quartz and in various living organisms.

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Singapore

Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign city-state and island country in Southeast Asia.

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Singapore Civil Defence Force

The Singapore Civil Defence Force (abbreviation: SCDF; Pasukan Pertahanan Awam Singapura; Chinese: 新加坡民防部队; Tamil: சிங்கப்பூர் குடிமைத் தற்காப்புப் படை) is the main agency in charge of the provision of emergency services in Singapore during peacetime and emergency.

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Skin cancer

Skin cancers are cancers that arise from the skin.

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Smoke detector

A smoke detector is a device that senses smoke, typically as an indicator of fire.

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Smoke inhalation

Smoke inhalation is the primary cause of death for victims of fires.

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Smokejumper

A smokejumper is a wildland firefighter who parachutes into a remote area to combat wildfires.

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Staff sergeant

Staff sergeant is a rank of non-commissioned officer used in the armed forces of several countries.

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State school

State schools (also known as public schools outside England and Wales)In England and Wales, some independent schools for 13- to 18-year-olds are known as 'public schools'.

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Steel-toe boot

A steel-toe boot (also known as a safety boot, steel-capped boot or safety shoe) is a durable boot or shoe that has a protective reinforcement in the toe which protects the foot from falling objects or compression, usually combined with a mid sole plate to protect against punctures from below.

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Stress (biology)

Physiological or biological stress is an organism's response to a stressor such as an environmental condition.

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Structural integrity and failure

Structural integrity and failure is an aspect of engineering which deals with the ability of a structure to support a designed load (weight, force, etc...) without breaking, and includes the study of past structural failures in order to prevent failures in future designs.

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Structure fire

A structure fire is a fire involving the structural components of various types of residential, commercial or industrial buildings.

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Styrene

Styrene, also known as ethenylbenzene, vinylbenzene, and phenylethene, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5CH.

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Sulfuric acid

Sulfuric acid (alternative spelling sulphuric acid) is a mineral acid with molecular formula H2SO4.

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Tachycardia

Tachycardia, also called tachyarrhythmia, is a heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate.

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Telecommunication

Telecommunication is the transmission of signs, signals, messages, words, writings, images and sounds or information of any nature by wire, radio, optical or other electromagnetic systems.

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Ten-code

Ten-codes, officially known as ten signals, are brevity codes used to represent common phrases in voice communication, particularly by law enforcement and in Citizens Band (CB) radio transmissions.

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Tetrachloroethylene

Tetrachloroethylene, also known under the systematic name tetrachloroethene, or perchloroethylene ("perc" or "PERC"), and many other names, is a chlorocarbon with the formula Cl2C.

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The Boston Globe

The Boston Globe (sometimes abbreviated as The Globe) is an American daily newspaper founded and based in Boston, Massachusetts, since its creation by Charles H. Taylor in 1872.

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The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

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Thermal imaging camera

A thermal imaging camera (colloquially known as a TIC) is a type of thermographic camera used in firefighting.

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Tinnitus

Tinnitus is the hearing of sound when no external sound is present.

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Toluene diisocyanate

Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is an organic compound with the formula CH3C6H3(NCO)2.

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Toronto Fire Services

The Toronto Fire Services (TFS) provides fire protection and first responder or emergency medical responder assistance to the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

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Traffic collision

A traffic collision, also called a motor vehicle collision (MVC) among other terms, occurs when a vehicle collides with another vehicle, pedestrian, animal, road debris, or other stationary obstruction, such as a tree, pole or building.

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Training

Training is teaching, or developing in oneself or others, any skills and knowledge that relate to specific useful competencies.

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Trichloroethylene

The chemical compound trichloroethylene is a halocarbon commonly used as an industrial solvent.

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Triphenylene

In chemistry, the organic compound triphenylene is a flat polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) consisting of four fused benzene rings.

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Truss

In engineering, a truss is a structure that "consists of two-force members only, where the members are organized so that the assemblage as a whole behaves as a single object".

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Turkey

Turkey (Türkiye), officially the Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe.

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Two-in, two-out

In firefighting, the policy of two-in, two-out refers to United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) policy 29 CFR 1910.134(g)(4)(i) that mandates that firefighters never go into a dangerous situation in a fire or rescue incident alone, and that there be two firefighters outside the hazard area to initiate a rescue of the firefighters inside, should they become in trouble, during the initial stages of the incident where only one crew is operating in the hazard area.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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Urban area

An urban area is a human settlement with high population density and infrastructure of built environment.

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Urbanization

Urbanization refers to the population shift from rural to urban residency, the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas, and the ways in which each society adapts to this change.

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Venezuela

Venezuela, officially denominated Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (República Bolivariana de Venezuela),Previously, the official name was Estado de Venezuela (1830–1856), República de Venezuela (1856–1864), Estados Unidos de Venezuela (1864–1953), and again República de Venezuela (1953–1999).

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Ventilation (firefighting)

Ventilation is a part of structural firefighting tactics, and involves the expulsion of heat and smoke from a burning building, permitting the firefighters to more easily and safely find trapped individuals and attack the fire.

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Vienna

Vienna (Wien) is the federal capital and largest city of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria.

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Vigiles

The Vigiles or more properly the Vigiles Urbani ("watchmen of the City") or Cohortes Vigilum ("cohorts of the watchmen") were the firefighters and police of Ancient Rome.

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Vigili del Fuoco

The Vigili del Fuoco, (literally the word "Vigili" comes from the Latin word "Vigiles", which means "who is part of certain guards") have the official name of Corpo nazionale dei vigili del fuoco (CNVVF, National Firefighters Corps).

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Vladimir Pravik

Volodymyr Pavlovych Pravyk (Ukrainian: Володимир Павлович Правик, Владимир Павлович Правик; 13 June 1962 – 11 May 1986) was a Soviet firefighter who died from radiation burns suffered in the Chernobyl disaster.

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Volunteer fire department

A volunteer fire department (VFD) is a fire department composed of volunteers who perform fire suppression and other related emergency services for a local jurisdiction.

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Wildfire suppression

Wildfire suppression is a range of firefighting tactics used to suppress wildfires.

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Wildland Firefighter Foundation

Wildland Firefighter Foundation is a non-profit organization that provides assistance to fallen firefighters' families and to firefighters injured in the line of duty.

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Women in firefighting

Firefighting was formerly an all-male profession.

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Wrench

A wrench is a tool used to provide grip and mechanical advantage in applying torque to turn objects—usually rotary fasteners, such as nuts and bolts—or keep them from turning.

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1,3-Butadiene

1,3-Butadiene is the organic compound with the formula (CH2.

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2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a polychlorinated dibenzo''-p-''dioxin (sometimes shortened, though inaccurately, to simply "dioxin") with the chemical formula.

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Redirects here:

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firefighter

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