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Fischer–Tropsch process

Index Fischer–Tropsch process

The Fischer–Tropsch process is a collection of chemical reactions that converts a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen into liquid hydrocarbons. [1]

124 relations: Abiogenic petroleum origin, Air separation, Airframe, Alcohol, Algae fuel, Alkane, Alkene, Aluminium oxide, Asteroid, Bergius process, Bintulu, Biofuel, Biogasoline, Biomass, Biomass to liquid, Boeing B-52 Stratofortress, Boeing C-17 Globemaster III, Brabag, California, Carbide, Carbon monoxide, Carbon-neutral fuel, Catalysis, Catalysis Letters, Catalyst poisoning, Chemical Reviews, Chemistry, Cluster chemistry, Coal, Coal gasification, Coal liquefaction, Cobalt, Desulfurisation, Diesel fuel, DNA, Edwards Air Force Base, Energy & Fuels, Energy development, Enhanced heat transfer, Ersatz good, Ethane, Ethylene, Finland, Fischer assay, Flory–Schulz distribution, Franz Joseph Emil Fischer, Gas to liquids, Gasification, Güssing, Germany, ..., Hans Tropsch, Hermann Plauson, Hubbert peak theory, Hydrocarbon, Hydrogen, Hydrogenation, Hydrogenolysis, Industrial gas, Iron, JP-8, Kaiser Wilhelm Society, Karrick process, Landfill gas, Ligand, Linc Energy, Louisiana, Missouri, Max Planck Institute for Coal Research, Mülheim, Metal carbonyl, Methanation, Methyl group, Methylidyne radical, Migratory insertion, Mossel Bay, Natchez, Mississippi, Natural gas, Natural-gas processing, Nickel, Operation Paperclip, Patent, Pearl GTL, Petroleum, PetroSA, Port St. Joe, Florida, Propene, Qatar, Qatar Petroleum, Ras Laffan Industrial City, Raw material, Rialto, California, RNA, Rockwell B-1 Lancer, Royal Dutch Shell, Royal Society of Chemistry, Ruthenium, Sabatier reaction, Sasol, Silicon dioxide, South Africa, Steam reforming, Stranded gas reserve, Sulfur, Syngas, Synthetic fuel, Synthetic Liquid Fuels Program, Synthetic oil, Syntroleum, The Astrophysical Journal, Transition metal, Tulsa, Oklahoma, Unconventional oil, Underground coal gasification, United States Air Force, United States Bureau of Mines, United States Department of Defense, United States Department of Energy, United States Department of Transportation, UPM (company), Water-gas shift reaction, Westlake, Louisiana, White River, Ontario, Wood gas, World War II, Zeolite. Expand index (74 more) »

Abiogenic petroleum origin

Abiogenic petroleum origin is a term used to describe a number of different hypotheses which propose that petroleum and natural gas are formed by inorganic means rather than by the decomposition of organisms.

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Air separation

An air separation plant separates atmospheric air into its primary components, typically nitrogen and oxygen, and sometimes also argon and other rare inert gases.

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Airframe

The airframe of an aircraft is its mechanical structure.

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Alcohol

In chemistry, an alcohol is any organic compound in which the hydroxyl functional group (–OH) is bound to a carbon.

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Algae fuel

Algae fuel, algal biofuel, or algal oil is an alternative to liquid fossil fuels that uses algae as its source of energy-rich oils.

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Alkane

In organic chemistry, an alkane, or paraffin (a historical name that also has other meanings), is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon.

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Alkene

In organic chemistry, an alkene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains at least one carbon–carbon double bond.

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Aluminium oxide

Aluminium oxide (British English) or aluminum oxide (American English) is a chemical compound of aluminium and oxygen with the chemical formula 23.

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Asteroid

Asteroids are minor planets, especially those of the inner Solar System.

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Bergius process

The Bergius process is a method of production of liquid hydrocarbons for use as synthetic fuel by hydrogenation of high-volatile bituminous coal at high temperature and pressure.

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Bintulu

Bintulu is a coastal town on the island of Borneo in the central region of Sarawak, Malaysia.

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Biofuel

A biofuel is a fuel that is produced through contemporary biological processes, such as agriculture and anaerobic digestion, rather than a fuel produced by geological processes such as those involved in the formation of fossil fuels, such as coal and petroleum, from prehistoric biological matter.

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Biogasoline

Biogasoline is gasoline produced from biomass such as algae.

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Biomass

Biomass is an industry term for getting energy by burning wood, and other organic matter.

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Biomass to liquid

Biomass to liquid (BtL or BMtL) is a multi-step process of producing synthetic hydrocarbon fuels made from biomass via a thermochemical route.

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Boeing B-52 Stratofortress

The Boeing B-52 Stratofortress is an American long-range, subsonic, jet-powered strategic bomber.

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Boeing C-17 Globemaster III

The Boeing C-17 Globemaster III is a large military transport aircraft.

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Brabag

Brabag was a German firm, planned in 1933 and operating from 1934 until 1945, that distilled synthetic aviation fuel, diesel fuel, gasoline, lubricants, and paraffin wax from lignite.

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California

California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States.

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Carbide

In chemistry, a carbide is a compound composed of carbon and a less electronegative element.

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Carbon monoxide

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is slightly less dense than air.

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Carbon-neutral fuel

The term "carbon-neutral fuel" can refer to a variety of energy fuels or energy systems which have no net greenhouse gas emissions or carbon footprint.

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Catalysis

Catalysis is the increase in the rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of an additional substance called a catalysthttp://goldbook.iupac.org/C00876.html, which is not consumed in the catalyzed reaction and can continue to act repeatedly.

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Catalysis Letters

Catalysis Letters is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on catalysis in a wide range of sub-disciplines such as homogeneous, heterogeneous and enzymatic catalysis.

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Catalyst poisoning

Catalyst poisoning refers to the partial or total deactivation of a catalyst.

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Chemical Reviews

Chemical Reviews is peer-reviewed scientific journal published twice per month by the American Chemical Society.

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Chemistry

Chemistry is the scientific discipline involved with compounds composed of atoms, i.e. elements, and molecules, i.e. combinations of atoms: their composition, structure, properties, behavior and the changes they undergo during a reaction with other compounds.

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Cluster chemistry

In chemistry, a cluster is an ensemble of bound atoms or molecules that is intermediate in size between a molecule and a bulk solid.

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Coal

Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams.

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Coal gasification

Coal gasification is the process of producing syngas–a mixture consisting primarily of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and water vapour (H2O)–from coal and water, air and/or oxygen.

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Coal liquefaction

Coal liquefaction is a process of converting coal into liquid hydrocarbons: liquid fuels and petrochemicals.

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Cobalt

Cobalt is a chemical element with symbol Co and atomic number 27.

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Desulfurisation

Desulfurisation is a chemical process for the removal of sulfur from a material.

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Diesel fuel

Diesel fuel in general is any liquid fuel used in diesel engines, whose fuel ignition takes place, without any spark, as a result of compression of the inlet air mixture and then injection of fuel.

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DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a thread-like chain of nucleotides carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.

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Edwards Air Force Base

Edwards Air Force Base (AFB) is a United States Air Force installation located in Kern County in southern California, about northeast of Lancaster and east of Rosamond.

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Energy & Fuels

Energy & Fuels is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Chemical Society.

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Energy development

Energy development is the field of activities focused on obtaining sources of energy from natural resources.

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Enhanced heat transfer

Heat exchangers were initially developed to use plain (or smooth) heat transfer surfaces.

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Ersatz good

An ersatz good is a substitute good, especially one that is considered inferior to the good it replaces.

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Ethane

Ethane is an organic chemical compound with chemical formula.

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Ethylene

Ethylene (IUPAC name: ethene) is a hydrocarbon which has the formula or H2C.

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Finland

Finland (Suomi; Finland), officially the Republic of Finland is a country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Norway to the north, Sweden to the northwest, and Russia to the east.

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Fischer assay

The Fischer assay is a standardized laboratory test for determining the oil yield from oil shale to be expected from a conventional shale oil extraction.

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Flory–Schulz distribution

The Flory–Schulz distribution is a probability distribution named after Paul Flory and G. V. Schulz that describes the relative ratios of polymers of different length that occur in an ideal step-growth polymerization process.

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Franz Joseph Emil Fischer

Franz Joseph Emil Fischer (19 March 1877 in Freiburg im Breisgau – 1 December 1947 in Munich) was a German chemist.

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Gas to liquids

Gas to liquids (GTL) is a refinery process to convert natural gas or other gaseous hydrocarbons into longer-chain hydrocarbons, such as gasoline or diesel fuel.

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Gasification

Gasification is a process that converts organic- or fossil fuel-based carbonaceous materials into carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbon dioxide.

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Güssing

Güssing (Németújvár, Német-Újvár, Novi Grad) is a town in Burgenland, Austria.

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Germany

Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.

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Hans Tropsch

Hans Tropsch (October 7, 1889 – October 8, 1935) was a chemist responsible, along with Franz Fischer, for the development of the Fischer-Tropsch process.

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Hermann Plauson

Hermann Plauson was an Estonian professor, engineer and inventor.

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Hubbert peak theory

The Hubbert peak theory says that for any given geographical area, from an individual oil-producing region to the planet as a whole, the rate of petroleum production tends to follow a bell-shaped curve.

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Hydrocarbon

In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.

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Hydrogen

Hydrogen is a chemical element with symbol H and atomic number 1.

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Hydrogenation

Hydrogenation – to treat with hydrogen – is a chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen (H2) and another compound or element, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel, palladium or platinum.

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Hydrogenolysis

Hydrogenolysis is a chemical reaction whereby a carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom single bond is cleaved or undergoes lysis (breakdown) by hydrogen.

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Industrial gas

Industrial gases are gaseous materials that are manufactured for use in Industry.

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Iron

Iron is a chemical element with symbol Fe (from ferrum) and atomic number 26.

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JP-8

JP-8, or JP8 (for "Jet Propellant 8") is a jet fuel, specified and used widely by the US military.

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Kaiser Wilhelm Society

The Kaiser Wilhelm Society for the Advancement of Science (German Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften) was a German scientific institution established in the German Empire in 1911.

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Karrick process

The Karrick process is a low-temperature carbonization (LTC) and pyrolysis process of carbonaceous materials.

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Landfill gas

Landfill gas is a complex mix of different gases created by the action of microorganisms within a landfill.

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Ligand

In coordination chemistry, a ligand is an ion or molecule (functional group) that binds to a central metal atom to form a coordination complex.

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Linc Energy

Linc Energy was an Australian energy company specialized on a coal-based synthetic fuel production as also on a conventional oil and gas production.

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Louisiana, Missouri

Louisiana is a city in Pike County, Missouri, United States.

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Max Planck Institute for Coal Research

The Max Planck Institute for Coal Research (Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung) is an institute located in Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany specializing in chemical research on catalysis.

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Mülheim

Mülheim an der Ruhr, also described as "City on the River", is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany.

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Metal carbonyl

Metal carbonyls are coordination complexes of transition metals with carbon monoxide ligands.

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Methanation

Methanation is the conversion of COx to methane CH4 through hydrogenation.

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Methyl group

A methyl group is an alkyl derived from methane, containing one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms — CH3.

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Methylidyne radical

Methylidyne (also systematically named hydridocarbon(•)), also called carbyne, is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH• (also written as). Methylidyne is the simplest carbyne.

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Migratory insertion

A migratory insertion is a type of reaction in organometallic chemistry wherein two ligands on a metal complex combine.

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Mossel Bay

Mossel Bay is a harbour town of about 130,000 people on the Southern Cape (or Garden Route) of South Africa.

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Natchez, Mississippi

Natchez is the county seat and only city of Adams County, Mississippi, United States.

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Natural gas

Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, but commonly including varying amounts of other higher alkanes, and sometimes a small percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, or helium.

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Natural-gas processing

Natural-gas processing is a complex industrial process designed to clean raw natural gas by separating impurities and various non-methane hydrocarbons and fluids to produce what is known as pipeline quality dry natural gas.

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Nickel

Nickel is a chemical element with symbol Ni and atomic number 28.

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Operation Paperclip

Operation Paperclip was a secret program of the Joint Intelligence Objectives Agency (JIOA) largely carried out by Special Agents of Army CIC, in which more than 1,600 German scientists, engineers, and technicians, such as Wernher von Braun and his V-2 rocket team, were recruited in post-Nazi Germany and taken to the U.S. for government employment, primarily between 1945 and 1959.

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Patent

A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a sovereign state or intergovernmental organization to an inventor or assignee for a limited period of time in exchange for detailed public disclosure of an invention.

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Pearl GTL

The Pearl GTL is a gas to liquids (GTL) plant based in Ras Laffan, Qatar.

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Petroleum

Petroleum is a naturally occurring, yellow-to-black liquid found in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface.

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PetroSA

PetroSA (The Petroleum, Oil and Gas Corporation of South Africa SOC Ltd.) is the national oil company (NOC) of South Africa.

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Port St. Joe, Florida

Port St.

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Propene

Propene, also known as propylene or methyl ethylene, is an unsaturated organic compound having the chemical formula C3H6.

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Qatar

Qatar (or; قطر; local vernacular pronunciation), officially the State of Qatar (دولة قطر), is a sovereign country located in Western Asia, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula.

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Qatar Petroleum

Qatar Petroleum (QP) is a state owned petroleum company in Qatar.

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Ras Laffan Industrial City

Ras Laffan Industrial City is an industrial hub located north of Doha, Qatar.

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Raw material

A raw material, also known as a feedstock or most correctly unprocessed material, is a basic material that is used to produce goods, finished products, energy, or intermediate materials which are feedstock for future finished products.

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Rialto, California

Rialto is a city in San Bernardino County, California, United States.

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RNA

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes.

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Rockwell B-1 Lancer

The Rockwell B-1 LancerThe name "Lancer" is only applied to the B-1B version, after the program was revived.

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Royal Dutch Shell

Royal Dutch Shell plc, commonly known as Shell, is a British–Dutch multinational oil and gas company headquartered in the Netherlands and incorporated in the United Kingdom.

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Royal Society of Chemistry

The Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) is a learned society (professional association) in the United Kingdom with the goal of "advancing the chemical sciences".

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Ruthenium

Ruthenium is a chemical element with symbol Ru and atomic number 44.

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Sabatier reaction

The Sabatier reaction or Sabatier process was discovered by the French chemist Paul Sabatier in the 1910s.

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Sasol

Sasol Limited is an integrated energy and chemical company based in Sandton, South Africa.

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Silicon dioxide

Silicon dioxide, also known as silica (from the Latin silex), is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula, most commonly found in nature as quartz and in various living organisms.

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South Africa

South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa.

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Steam reforming

Steam reforming is a method for producing hydrogen, carbon monoxide, or other useful products from hydrocarbon fuels such as natural gas.

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Stranded gas reserve

A stranded gas reserve is a natural gas field that has been discovered, but remains unusable for either physical or economic reasons.

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Sulfur

Sulfur or sulphur is a chemical element with symbol S and atomic number 16.

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Syngas

Syngas, or synthesis gas, is a fuel gas mixture consisting primarily of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and very often some carbon dioxide.

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Synthetic fuel

Synthetic fuel or synfuel is a liquid fuel, or sometimes gaseous fuel, obtained from syngas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, in which the syngas was derived from gasification of solid feedstocks such as coal or biomass or by reforming of natural gas.

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Synthetic Liquid Fuels Program

The Synthetic Liquid Fuels Program was a program run by the United States Bureau of Mines to create the technology to produce synthetic fuel from coal and oil shale.

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Synthetic oil

Synthetic oil is a lubricant consisting of chemical compounds that are artificially made.

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Syntroleum

Syntroleum Corporation is a United States company engaged in development and commercialization of proprietary gas to liquids (GTL) and Coal to liquids (CTL) processes known jointly as the Syntroleum Process.

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The Astrophysical Journal

The Astrophysical Journal, often abbreviated ApJ (pronounced "ap jay") in references and speech, is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of astrophysics and astronomy, established in 1895 by American astronomers George Ellery Hale and James Edward Keeler.

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Transition metal

In chemistry, the term transition metal (or transition element) has three possible meanings.

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Tulsa, Oklahoma

Tulsa is the second-largest city in the state of Oklahoma and 47th-most populous city in the United States.

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Unconventional oil

Unconventional oil is petroleum produced or extracted using techniques other than the conventional (oil well) method.

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Underground coal gasification

Underground coal gasification (UCG) is an industrial process which converts coal into product gas.

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United States Air Force

The United States Air Force (USAF) is the aerial and space warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces.

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United States Bureau of Mines

For most of the 20th century, the United States Bureau of Mines (USBM) was the primary United States government agency conducting scientific research and disseminating information on the extraction, processing, use, and conservation of mineral resources.

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United States Department of Defense

The Department of Defense (DoD, USDOD, or DOD) is an executive branch department of the federal government of the United States charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government concerned directly with national security and the United States Armed Forces.

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United States Department of Energy

The United States Department of Energy (DOE) is a cabinet-level department of the United States Government concerned with the United States' policies regarding energy and safety in handling nuclear material.

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United States Department of Transportation

The United States Department of Transportation (USDOT or DOT) is a federal Cabinet department of the U.S. government concerned with transportation.

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UPM (company)

UPM-Kymmene Oyj is a Finnish forest industry company.

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Water-gas shift reaction

The water-gas shift reaction (WGSR) describes the reaction of carbon monoxide and water vapor to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen (the mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen (not water) is known as water gas): The water gas shift reaction was discovered by Italian physicist Felice Fontana in 1780.

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Westlake, Louisiana

Westlake is a city in Calcasieu Parish, in western Louisiana, United States, and is part of the Lake Charles Metropolitan Statistical Area.

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White River, Ontario

White River is a township located in Ontario, Canada, on the intersection of Highway 17 and Highway 631.

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Wood gas

Wood gas is a syngas fuel which can be used as a fuel for furnaces, stoves and vehicles in place of gasoline, diesel or other fuels.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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Zeolite

Zeolites are microporous, aluminosilicate minerals commonly used as commercial adsorbents and catalysts.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fischer–Tropsch_process

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