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Flanders Campaign

Index Flanders Campaign

The Flanders Campaign (or Campaign in the Low Countries) was conducted from 6 November 1792 to 7 June 1795 during the first years of the French Revolutionary Wars. [1]

246 relations: Aa (Meuse), Aachen, Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine, Albert Casimir, Duke of Teschen, Aldenhoven, Alexander von Knobelsdorff, Alfred Burne, Amateur, Amersfoort, Amsterdam, Ancien Régime, Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland, Antoine Balland, Antwerp, Apeldoorn, Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen, Army of Sambre and Meuse, Army of the Ardennes, Army of the Moselle, Army of the North (France), Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, Auguste Marie Henri Picot de Dampierre, Austrian Netherlands, Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise, Batavian Legion, Batavian Republic, Batavian Revolution, Batavian Revolution in Amsterdam, Battle of Aldenhoven (1793), Battle of Aldenhoven (1794), Battle of Avesnes-le-Sec, Battle of Beaumont (1794), Battle of Boxtel, Battle of Caesar's Camp, Battle of Courtrai (1793), Battle of Erquelinnes, Battle of Famars, Battle of Fleurus (1794), Battle of Grandreng, Battle of Hondschoote, Battle of Jemappes, Battle of Kaiserslautern (1794), Battle of Lambusart, Battle of Le Cateau (1794), Battle of Lincelles, Battle of Menin (1793), Battle of Mouscron, Battle of Neerwinden (1793), Battle of Pirmasens, Battle of Raismes (1793), ..., Battle of Sprimont, Battle of Tourcoing, Battle of Tournay (1792), Battle of Tournay (1794), Battle of Valmy, Battle of Verdun (1792), Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies, Battle of Wattignies, Bavay, Belgian Legion, Belgium, Bettignies, Bohain-en-Vermandois, Bommelerwaard, Boxtel, Brabant Revolution, Breda, Bremen, Brussels, Cambrai, Capture of the Dutch fleet at Den Helder, Caribbean, Catillon-sur-Sambre, Channel (geography), Charleroi, Charles Bertin Gaston Chapuis de Tourville, Charles Edward Jennings de Kilmaine, Charles François Dumouriez, Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Charles XIV John of Sweden, Chief of staff, Christian August, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont, Client state, Commander-in-chief, Condé-sur-l'Escaut, Continental System, Convention of Alkmaar, Cornelis Rudolphus Theodorus Krayenhoff, County of Flanders, Dam Square, Deinze, Deventer, Dominique Vandamme, Duchy of Cleves, Duke of Wellington's Regiment, Dunkirk, Dutch Republic, Dutch States Army, Dyle (river), Eighty Years' War, Eindhoven, Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Flanders, Forêt de Mormal, Fortification, François Joseph Drouot de Lamarche, François Sébastien Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of Clerfayt, France, Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings, Francisco de Miranda, Franz Wenzel, Graf von Kaunitz-Rietberg, Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen, French First Republic, French Revolution, French Revolutionary Wars, Gerard Lake, 1st Viscount Lake, Gerhard von Scharnhorst, Ghent, Guillotine, Habsburg Monarchy, Haine, Hanover, Hauts-de-France, Hellevoetsluis, Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville, Herman Willem Daendels, Hofkriegsrat, Hollandic Water Line, Holy Roman Empire, Horse Guards (building), Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars, Jacobin, Jacques MacDonald, Jacques Philippe Bonnaud, József Alvinczi, Jean Nicolas Houchard, Jean Victor Marie Moreau, Jean-Baptiste Dumonceau, Jean-Baptiste Jourdan, Jean-Charles Pichegru, Joachim Murat, Johann Amadeus von Thugut, Johann Ludwig, Reichsgraf von Wallmoden-Gimborn, Johann Peter Beaulieu, Joseph Souham, Karl Mack von Leiberich, Kew Letters, Kingdom of Great Britain, Kingdom of Hanover, Kingdom of Sardinia, Kortrijk, Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel, Landrecies, Le Cateau-Cambrésis, Le Quesnoy, Lek (river), Levée en masse, Liège Revolution, Liberty pole, Louis XVI of France, Low Countries, Ludwig von Wurmb, Luxembourg City, Lys (river), Maastricht, Maroilles, Nord, Maubeuge, Mechelen, Menen, Meuse, Michel Ney, Moers, Namur, Napoleon, National Convention, Netherlands, Nieuwpoort, Belgium, Nijmegen, North Brabant, Oranienstein Letters, Ostend, Ourthe, Patriottentijd, Peace of Basel, Peninsular War, Prémont, Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany, Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Prince-Bishopric of Liège, Principality of Nassau-Orange-Fulda, Prisches, Proclamation of the abolition of the monarchy, Prussia, Prussian Guelders, Prussian invasion of Holland, Représentant en mission, Rhine Campaign of 1795, Rhineland, Roosendaal, Rur, Saint Lambert's Cathedral, Liège, Saint-Amand-les-Eaux, Sambre, Scheldt, Second Anglo-Maratha War, Secretary of State (England), Selle, Siege of Dunkirk (1793), Siege of Landrecies (1794), Siege of Luxembourg (1794–95), Siege of Mainz (1793), Siege of Thionville (1792), Siege of Valenciennes (1793), Siege of Ypres (1794), Sir William Erskine, 1st Baronet, Sister republic, Stadtholder, The Grand Old Duke of York, The Hague, Third Partition of Poland, Tienen, Tourcoing, Tournai, Treaty of Campo Formio, Treaty of Leoben, United Kingdom of the Netherlands, Utrecht, Valenciennes, Vaux-Andigny, Veurne, Waal (river), War of the First Coalition, War of the Pyrenees, War of the Spanish Succession, Wassigny, Waterloo Campaign, Wervik, Wichard Joachim Heinrich von Möllendorf, Wilhelm von Freytag, William Harcourt, 3rd Earl Harcourt, William I of the Netherlands, William II of the Netherlands, William Pitt the Younger, William V, Prince of Orange, Zaltbommel. Expand index (196 more) »

Aa (Meuse)

The Aa is a small river in the Netherlands.

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Aachen

Aachen or Bad Aachen, French and traditional English: Aix-la-Chapelle, is a spa and border city.

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Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine

Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine (4 February 174028 August 1793) was a French general.

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Albert Casimir, Duke of Teschen

Prince Albert Casimir of Saxony, Duke of Teschen (11 July 1738, Moritzburg, Electorate of Saxony – 10 February 1822, Vienna) was a German prince from the House of Wettin who married into the Habsburg imperial family.

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Aldenhoven

Aldenhoven is a municipality in the district of Düren in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

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Alexander von Knobelsdorff

Alexander Friedrich von Knobelsdorff (13 May 1723 in Cunow near Crossen – 10 December 1799 in Stendal) was a Prussian field marshal.

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Alfred Burne

Alfred Higgins Burne (1886–1959) was a soldier and military historian.

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Amateur

An amateur (French amateur "lover of", from Old French and ultimately from Latin amatorem nom. amator, "lover") is generally considered a person who pursues a particular activity or field of study independently from their source of income.

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Amersfoort

Amersfoort is a city and municipality in the province of Utrecht, Netherlands.

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Amsterdam

Amsterdam is the capital and most populous municipality of the Netherlands.

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Ancien Régime

The Ancien Régime (French for "old regime") was the political and social system of the Kingdom of France from the Late Middle Ages (circa 15th century) until 1789, when hereditary monarchy and the feudal system of French nobility were abolished by the.

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Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland

The Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland (or Anglo-Russian expedition to Holland, or Helder Expedition) was a military campaign from 27 August to 19 November 1799 during the War of the Second Coalition, in which an expeditionary force of British and Russian troops invaded the North Holland peninsula in the Batavian Republic.

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Antoine Balland

Antoine Balland (27 August 1751 – 3 November 1821) commanded a French infantry division during the early years of the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Antwerp

Antwerp (Antwerpen, Anvers) is a city in Belgium, and is the capital of Antwerp province in Flanders.

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Apeldoorn

Apeldoorn is a municipality and city in the province of Gelderland in the centre of the Netherlands.

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Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen

Archduke Charles of Austria, Duke of Teschen (German: Erzherzog Carl Ludwig Johann Joseph Laurentius von Österreich, Herzog von Teschen; 5 September 177130 April 1847) was an Austrian field-marshal, the third son of Emperor Leopold II and his wife, Maria Luisa of Spain.

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Army of Sambre and Meuse

The Army of Sambre and Meuse (Armée de Sambre-et-Meuse) was one of the armies of the French Revolution.

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Army of the Ardennes

The Army of the Ardennes (armée des Ardennes) was a French Revolutionary Army formed in 1792 by splitting off the right wing of the Army of the North, commanded from July to August that year by La Fayette.

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Army of the Moselle

The Army of the Moselle (Armée de la Moselle) was a French Revolutionary Army from 1791 through 1795.

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Army of the North (France)

The Army of the North or Armée du Nord is a name given to several historical units of the French Army.

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Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington

Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, (1 May 1769 – 14 September 1852) was an Anglo-Irish soldier and statesman who was one of the leading military and political figures of 19th-century Britain, serving twice as Prime Minister.

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Auguste Marie Henri Picot de Dampierre

Auguste Marie Henri Picot de Dampierre (19 August 1756 – 9 May 1793), styled the Marquis de Dampierre and usually known as Dampierre, was a French general during the time of the French Revolution.

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Austrian Netherlands

The Austrian Netherlands (Oostenrijkse Nederlanden; Pays-Bas Autrichiens; Österreichische Niederlande; Belgium Austriacum) was the larger part of the Southern Netherlands between 1714 and 1797.

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Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise

Adolphe Édouard Casimir Joseph Mortier, 1st Duc de Trévise (13 February 1768 – 28 July 1835) was a French general and Marshal of France under Napoleon I. He was one of 18 people killed in 1835 during Giuseppe Marco Fieschi's assassination attempt on King Louis Philippe I.

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Batavian Legion

The Batavian Legion (légion batave or légion franche étrangère batave) was a unit of Dutch volunteers under French command, created and dissolved in 1793.

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Batavian Republic

The Batavian Republic (Bataafse Republiek; République Batave) was the successor of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands.

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Batavian Revolution

The Batavian Revolution (De Bataafse Revolutie) was a political, social and cultural turmoil at the end of the 18th century that marked the end of the Dutch Republic and saw the proclamation of the Batavian Republic.

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Batavian Revolution in Amsterdam

The Batavian Revolution in Amsterdam refers to the transfer of power in the city of Amsterdam on 18 January 1795 to a Revolutionary Committee of the new Batavian Republic.

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Battle of Aldenhoven (1793)

The Battle of Aldenhoven (1 March 1793) saw the Habsburg Austrian army commanded by Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld attack a Republican French force under René Joseph de Lanoue.

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Battle of Aldenhoven (1794)

The Battle of Aldenhoven or Battle of the Roer (2 October 1794) saw a Republican French army commanded by Jean Baptiste Jourdan attack a Habsburg Austrian army under François Sébastien Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of Clerfayt which was defending the line of the Roer River.

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Battle of Avesnes-le-Sec

The Battle of Avesnes-le-Sec was a military action during the Flanders Campaign of the French Revolutionary Wars, between French forces under General Nicolas Declaye, and Imperial Austrian forces under Prince of Hohenlohe-Kirchberg.

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Battle of Beaumont (1794)

The Battle of Beaumont-en-Cambresis 26 April 1794 (sometimes referred to as the Battle of Coteau, or in France the Battle of Troisvilles) was an action forming part of a multi-pronged attempt to relieve the besieged fortress of Landrecies, during the Flanders Campaign of the French Revolutionary War.

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Battle of Boxtel

The Battle of Boxtel (Bokstel) was fought in the Dutch province of North Brabant on 14–15 September 1794, during the War of the First Coalition.

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Battle of Caesar's Camp

The Battle of Caesar's Camp (7 August 1793) saw the Coalition army led by Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld try to surround a Republican French army under Charles Edward Jennings de Kilmaine.

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Battle of Courtrai (1793)

The 1st Battle of Courtrai took place on 15 September 1793, near Courtrai, now known as Kortrijk, Belgium.

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Battle of Erquelinnes

The Battle of Erquelinnes or Battle of Péchant This source gave the two names of the battle.

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Battle of Famars

The Battle of Famars was fought on 23 May 1793 during the Flanders Campaign of the War of the First Coalition.

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Battle of Fleurus (1794)

The Battle of Fleurus, on 26 June 1794, was an engagement between the army of the First French Republic, under General Jean-Baptiste Jourdan and the Coalition Army (Britain, Hanover, Dutch Republic, and Habsburg Monarchy), commanded by Prince Josias of Coburg, in the most significant battle of the Flanders Campaign in the Low Countries during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Battle of Grandreng

The Battle of Grandreng or Battle of Rouvroi Smith provided the battle's name.

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Battle of Hondschoote

The Battle of Hondschoote took place during the Flanders Campaign of the Campaign of 1793 in the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Battle of Jemappes

The Battle of Jemappes (6 November 1792) took place near the town of Jemappes in Hainaut, Belgium, near Mons during the War of the First Coalition, part of the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Battle of Kaiserslautern (1794)

The Battle of Kaiserslautern (23 May 1794) saw an army from the Kingdom of Prussia and Electoral Saxony led by Wichard Joachim Heinrich von Möllendorf fall upon a single French Republican division under Jean-Jacques Ambert from the Army of the Moselle.

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Battle of Lambusart

The Battle of Lambusart (12–16 June 1794) saw a Republican French army led by Jean Baptiste Jourdan try to cross the Sambre River against a combined Dutch and Habsburg Austrian army under William, Hereditary Prince of Orange.

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Battle of Le Cateau (1794)

The Battle of Le Cateau (29 March 1794) took place at the start of the 1794 Flanders Campaign during the War of the First Coalition, part of the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Battle of Lincelles

The Battle of Lincelles was an action that took place as part of a larger manoeuvre on 17 August 1793 in the Flanders Campaign of the War of the First Coalition.

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Battle of Menin (1793)

The Battle of Menin, or of Wervik and Menen was fought on 12 and 13 September 1793 between 30,000 men of the French Army of the North commanded by Jean Nicolas Houchard, and 13,000 Coalition troops: the veldleger (mobile army) of the Dutch States Army, commanded by the William, Hereditary Prince of Orange and his brother Prince Frederick of Orange-Nassau, and a few squadrons of Austrian cavalry under Pál Kray, seconded by Johann Peter Beaulieu.

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Battle of Mouscron

The Battle of Mouscron (26–30 April 1794) was a series of clashes that occurred when the Republican French Army of the North under Jean-Charles Pichegru moved northeast to attack Menen (Menin) and was opposed by Coalition forces under the overall leadership of François Sébastien Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of Clerfayt.

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Battle of Neerwinden (1793)

The Second Battle of Neerwinden (18 March 1793) saw a Republican French army led by Charles François Dumouriez attack a Coalition army commanded by Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.

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Battle of Pirmasens

The Battle of Pirmasens (14 September 1793) saw a French Republican corps led by Jean René Moreaux attack a Kingdom of Prussia force led by Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel.

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Battle of Raismes (1793)

The Battle of Raismes (also known as the Battle of Condé or St. Amand) took place on 8 May 1793, during the Flanders Campaign of the Wars of the French Revolution, between the French Republican army of the Marquis de Dampierre and the Allied Coalition army of the Prince of Saxe-Coburg, and resulted in an Allied Victory.

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Battle of Sprimont

The Battle of Sprimont, Battle of Esneux or Battle of the Ourthe was a battle between French Republican and Austrian troops on the plateau between the valleys of the Vesdre, the Ourthe and the Amblève, south of Liège.

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Battle of Tourcoing

The Battle of Tourcoing (18 May 1794) saw a Republican French army directed by General Joseph Souham defend against an attack by an Austrian, British, and Hanoverian Coalition army under Austrian Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany.

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Battle of Tournay (1792)

The Battle of Tournay (1792) was a conflict between the Archduchy of Austria and the Kingdom of France during the War of the First Coalition.

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Battle of Tournay (1794)

The Battle of Tournay (1794) or Tournai was fought on 22 May 1794 as part of the Flanders Campaign in the Belgian province of Hainaut on the Schelde River (about 80 km southwest of Brussels) between French forces under General Pichegru and Coalition forces (Austrian, British, and Hanoverian troops) under Prince Josias of Coburg, in which the Coalition forces were victorious.

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Battle of Valmy

The Battle of Valmy was the first major victory by the army of France during the Revolutionary Wars that followed the French Revolution.

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Battle of Verdun (1792)

The first Battle of Verdun was fought on 20 August 1792 between French Revolutionary forces and a Prussian army during the opening months of the War of the First Coalition.

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Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies

In the Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies, fought on 24 April 1794, a small Anglo-Austrian cavalry force routed a vastly more numerous French division during the Flanders Campaign of the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Battle of Wattignies

The Battle of Wattignies (15–16 October 1793) saw a Republican French army commanded by Jean-Baptiste Jourdan attack a Coalition army directed by Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.

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Bavay

Bavay (pronounced) is a commune in the Nord department in the Hauts-de-France region of northern France.

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Belgian Legion

Several military units have been known as the Belgian Legion.

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Belgium

Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Western Europe bordered by France, the Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg.

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Bettignies

Bettignies is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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Bohain-en-Vermandois

Bohain-en-Vermandois is a commune in the department of Aisne in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

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Bommelerwaard

Bommelerwaard is a district in Gelderland, Netherlands.

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Boxtel

Boxtel is a municipality and a town in the southern Netherlands.

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Brabant Revolution

The Brabant Revolution or Brabantine Revolution (Révolution brabançonne, Brabantse Omwenteling), sometimes referred to as the Belgian Revolution of 1789–90 in older writing, was an armed insurrection that occurred in the Austrian Netherlands (modern-day Belgium) between October 1789 and December 1790.

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Breda

Breda is a city and municipality in the southern part of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Brabant.

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Bremen

The City Municipality of Bremen (Stadtgemeinde Bremen) is a Hanseatic city in northwestern Germany, which belongs to the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (also called just "Bremen" for short), a federal state of Germany.

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Brussels

Brussels (Bruxelles,; Brussel), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest), is a region of Belgium comprising 19 municipalities, including the City of Brussels, which is the de jure capital of Belgium.

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Cambrai

Cambrai (Kimbré; Kamerijk; historically in English Camerick and Camericke) is a commune in the Nord department and in the Hauts-de-France region of France on the Scheldt river, which is known locally as the Escaut river.

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Capture of the Dutch fleet at Den Helder

The Capture of the Dutch fleet at Den Helder or the Battle of Texel occurred in the night of the 23 January 1795, and presents a rare occurrence of a "naval" battle between warships and cavalry, in which a French Hussar regiment surprised a Dutch fleet frozen at anchor between the port of Den Helder and the island of Texel.

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Caribbean

The Caribbean is a region that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean) and the surrounding coasts.

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Catillon-sur-Sambre

Catillon-sur-Sambre is a commune of the Nord department in northern France.

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Channel (geography)

In physical geography, a channel is a type of landform consisting of the outline of a path of relatively shallow and narrow body of fluid, most commonly the confine of a river, river delta or strait.

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Charleroi

Charleroi (Tchålerwè) is a city and a municipality of Wallonia, located in the province of Hainaut, Belgium.

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Charles Bertin Gaston Chapuis de Tourville

Charles Bertin Gaston Chapuis de Tourville (1740 in Hettange-Grande – November 22, 1809 in Cattenom), Divisional General during the French Revolution and the First French Empire.

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Charles Edward Jennings de Kilmaine

General Charles Edward Jennings Saul De Kilmaine (19 October 1751 – 11 December 1799), sometimes romanticized as Brave Kilmaine, was an Irish soldier and revolutionary who served France in the eighteenth century.

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Charles François Dumouriez

Charles-François du Périer Dumouriez (26 January 1739 – 14 March 1823) was a French general during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg und Fürst von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel) (9 October 1735 – 10 November 1806), was ruler of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel and a military leader.

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Charles XIV John of Sweden

Charles XIV and III John or Carl John, (Swedish and Norwegian: Karl Johan; 26 January 1763 – 8 March 1844) was King of Sweden (as Charles XIV John) and King of Norway (as Charles III John) from 1818 until his death, and served as de facto regent and head of state from 1810 to 1818.

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Chief of staff

The title chief of staff (or head of staff) identifies the leader of a complex organization, institution, or body of persons and it also may identify a principal staff officer (PSO), who is the coordinator of the supporting staff or a primary aide-de-camp to an important individual, such as a president or a senior military officer.

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Christian August, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont

Christian August, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont (Christian August Prinz zu Waldeck; 6 December 1744, Arolsen – 24 September 1798, Palácio Nacional de Sintra, Sintra, near Lisbon) was a general in the Austrian service, and last commander and Field Marshal of the Portuguese land army.

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Client state

A client state is a state that is economically, politically, or militarily subordinate to another more powerful state in international affairs.

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Commander-in-chief

A commander-in-chief, also sometimes called supreme commander, or chief commander, is the person or body that exercises supreme operational command and control of a nation's military forces.

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Condé-sur-l'Escaut

Condé-sur-l'Escaut is a commune of the Nord department in northern France.

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Continental System

The Continental System or Continental Blockade (known in French as Blocus continental) was the foreign policy of Napoleon I of France against the United Kingdom during the Napoleonic Wars.

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Convention of Alkmaar

The Convention of Alkmaar was a 1799 agreement concluded between the commanders of the expeditionary forces of Great Britain and Russia on the one hand, and of those of the First French Republic and the Batavian Republic on the other, in the Dutch city of Alkmaar, by which the British and Russians agreed to withdraw their forces from the Batavian Republic following the failed Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland.

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Cornelis Rudolphus Theodorus Krayenhoff

Corneli(u)s Rudolphus Theodorus, Baron Krayenhoff (Nijmegen, 2 June 1758 – Nijmegen, 24 November 1840) was a physicist, artist, general, hydraulic engineer, cartographer and - against his will and for only a short time - Dutch Minister of War.

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County of Flanders

The County of Flanders (Graafschap Vlaanderen, Comté de Flandre) was a historic territory in the Low Countries.

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Dam Square

Dam Square or Dam is a town square in Amsterdam, the capital of the Netherlands.

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Deinze

Deinze is a city and a municipality located in the Belgian province of East Flanders.

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Deventer

Deventer is a city and municipality in the Salland region of the province of Overijssel, Netherlands.

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Dominique Vandamme

General Dominique-Joseph René Vandamme, Count of Unseburg (5 November 1770, Cassel, Nord15 July 1830) was a French military officer, who fought in the Napoleonic Wars.

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Duchy of Cleves

The Duchy of Cleves (Herzogtum Kleve; Hertogdom Kleef) was a State of the Holy Roman Empire which emerged from the mediaeval Hettergau (de).

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Duke of Wellington's Regiment

The Duke of Wellington's Regiment (West Riding) was a line infantry regiment of the British Army, forming part of the King's Division.

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Dunkirk

Dunkirk (Dunkerque; Duinkerke(n)) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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Dutch Republic

The Dutch Republic was a republic that existed from the formal creation of a confederacy in 1581 by several Dutch provinces (which earlier seceded from the Spanish rule) until the Batavian Revolution in 1795.

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Dutch States Army

The Dutch States Army (Staatse leger) was the army of the Dutch Republic.

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Dyle (river)

The Dyle (Dyle and Dijle), is a river in central Belgium, left tributary of the Rupel.

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Eighty Years' War

The Eighty Years' War (Tachtigjarige Oorlog; Guerra de los Ochenta Años) or Dutch War of Independence (1568–1648) was a revolt of the Seventeen Provinces of what are today the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg against the political and religious hegemony of Philip II of Spain, the sovereign of the Habsburg Netherlands.

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Eindhoven

Eindhoven is a municipality and city in the south of the Netherlands, originally at the confluence of the Dommel and Gender streams.

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Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg

The Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Kurfürstentum Braunschweig-Lüneburg) was an Electorate of the Holy Roman Empire, located in northwestern Germany.

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Flanders

Flanders (Vlaanderen, Flandre, Flandern) is the Dutch-speaking northern portion of Belgium, although there are several overlapping definitions, including ones related to culture, language, politics and history.

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Forêt de Mormal

The Forêt de Mormal (Forest of Mormal) is a forest in France, near the Franco-Belgian border.

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Fortification

A fortification is a military construction or building designed for the defense of territories in warfare; and is also used to solidify rule in a region during peacetime.

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François Joseph Drouot de Lamarche

François Joseph Drouot de Lamarche (14 July 1733 – 18 May 1814) briefly commanded a French army during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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François Sébastien Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of Clerfayt

François Sébastien Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of Clerfayt (14 October 1733 – 21 July 1798), a Walloon, joined the army of the Habsburg Monarchy and soon fought in the Seven Years' War.

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France

France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.

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Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor

Francis II (Franz; 12 February 1768 – 2 March 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until 6 August 1806, when he dissolved the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after the decisive defeat at the hands of the First French Empire led by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz.

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Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings

Francis Edward Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings, KG, PC (9 December 1754 – 28 November 1826), styled The Honourable Francis Rawdon from birth until 1762, as The Lord Rawdon between 1762 and 1783, and known as The Earl of Moira between 1793 and 1816, was an Anglo-Irish British politician and military officer who served as Governor-General of India from 1813 to 1823.

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Francisco de Miranda

Sebastián Francisco de Miranda y Rodríguez de Espinoza (March 28, 1750 – July 14, 1816), commonly known as Francisco de Miranda, was a Venezuelan military leader and revolutionary.

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Franz Wenzel, Graf von Kaunitz-Rietberg

Franz Wenzel, Graf von Kaunitz-Rietberg (2 July 1742 in Vienna – 19 December 1825 in Vienna) was an Austrian general who saw service in the Seven Years' War and Wars of the French Revolution.

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Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen

Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen (Friedrich Ludwig Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen) (31 January 1746 – 15 February 1818) was a Prussian general.

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French First Republic

In the history of France, the First Republic (French: Première République), officially the French Republic (République française), was founded on 22 September 1792 during the French Revolution.

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French Revolution

The French Revolution (Révolution française) was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France and its colonies that lasted from 1789 until 1799.

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French Revolutionary Wars

The French Revolutionary Wars were a series of sweeping military conflicts lasting from 1792 until 1802 and resulting from the French Revolution.

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Gerard Lake, 1st Viscount Lake

General Gerard Lake, 1st Viscount Lake (27 July 1744 – 20 February 1808) was a British general.

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Gerhard von Scharnhorst

Gerhard Johann David Waitz von Scharnhorst (12 November 1755 – 28 June 1813), was a Hanoverian-born general in Prussian service from 1801.

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Ghent

Ghent (Gent; Gand) is a city and a municipality in the Flemish Region of Belgium.

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Guillotine

A guillotine is an apparatus designed for efficiently carrying out executions by beheading.

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Habsburg Monarchy

The Habsburg Monarchy (Habsburgermonarchie) or Empire is an unofficial appellation among historians for the countries and provinces that were ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg between 1521 and 1780 and then by the successor branch of Habsburg-Lorraine until 1918.

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Haine

The Haine is a river in southern Belgium (Hainaut) and northern France (Nord), right tributary of the river Scheldt.

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Hanover

Hanover or Hannover (Hannover), on the River Leine, is the capital and largest city of the German state of Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen), and was once by personal union the family seat of the Hanoverian Kings of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, under their title as the dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg (later described as the Elector of Hanover).

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Hauts-de-France

Hauts-de-France (translates to "Upper France" in English; Heuts-d'Franche) is a region of France created by the territorial reform of French Regions in 2014, from a merger of Nord-Pas-de-Calais and Picardy.

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Hellevoetsluis

Hellevoetsluis (population: in) is a small city and municipality on Voorne-Putten Island in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland.

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Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville

Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville, PC, FRSE (28 April 1742, Edinburgh, Scotland – 28 May 1811, Edinburgh) was a Scottish advocate and Tory politician.

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Herman Willem Daendels

Herman Willem Daendels (21 October 1762 – 2 May 1818) was a Dutch politician who served as the 36th Governor General of the Dutch East Indies between 1808 and 1811.

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Hofkriegsrat

The Hofkriegsrat (or Aulic War Council, sometimes Imperial War Council) established in 1556 was the central military administrative authority of the Habsburg Monarchy, the predecessor of the Austro-Hungarian Ministry of War.

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Hollandic Water Line

The Hollandic Water Line (Hollandsche Waterlinie, modern spelling: Hollandse Waterlinie) was a series of water-based defences conceived by Maurice of Nassau in the early 17th century, and realised by his half brother Frederick Henry.

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Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire (Sacrum Romanum Imperium; Heiliges Römisches Reich) was a multi-ethnic but mostly German complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806.

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Horse Guards (building)

Horse Guards is a historic building in the City of Westminster, London, between Whitehall and Horse Guards Parade.

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Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars

The Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars (1792–1802) were a series of conflicts fought principally in Northern Italy between the French Revolutionary Army and a Coalition of Austria, Russia, Piedmont-Sardinia, and a number of other Italian states.

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Jacobin

The Society of the Friends of the Constitution (Société des amis de la Constitution), after 1792 renamed Society of the Jacobins, Friends of Freedom and Equality (Société des Jacobins, amis de la liberté et de l'égalité), commonly known as the Jacobin Club (Club des Jacobins) or simply the Jacobins, was the most influential political club during the French Revolution.

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Jacques MacDonald

Étienne Jacques Joseph Alexandre MacDonald, 1st Duke of Taranto (17 November 1765 – 25 September 1840) was a Marshal of the Empire and military leader during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.

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Jacques Philippe Bonnaud

Jacques Philippe Bonnaud or Bonneau (11 September 1757 – 30 March 1797) commanded a French combat division in a number of actions during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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József Alvinczi

Freiherr Joseph Alvinczi von Borberek a.k.a. Baron József Alvinczi de Borberek (Joseph Alvinczy, Freiherr von Berberek; 1 February 1735 – 25 September 1810) was a soldier in the Habsburg Army and a Field Marshal of the Austrian Empire.

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Jean Nicolas Houchard

Jean Nicolas Houchard (24 January 1739, Forbach, Moselle – 17 November 1793) was a French General of the French Revolution and the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Jean Victor Marie Moreau

Jean Victor Marie Moreau (14 February 1763 – 2 September 1813) was a French general who helped Napoleon Bonaparte to power, but later became a rival and was banished to the United States.

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Jean-Baptiste Dumonceau

Count Jean-Baptiste Dumonceau de Bergendal (7 November 1760 – 29 December 1821) was a general from the Southern Netherlands, in the service of France and the Netherlands.

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Jean-Baptiste Jourdan

Jean-Baptiste Jourdan, 1st Comte Jourdan (29 April 1762 – 23 November 1833), enlisted as a private in the French royal army and rose to command armies during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Jean-Charles Pichegru

Jean-Charles Pichegru (16 February 1761 – 5 April 1804) was a distinguished French general of the Revolutionary Wars.

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Joachim Murat

Joachim-Napoléon Murat (born Joachim Murat; Gioacchino Napoleone Murat; Joachim-Napoleon Murat; 25 March 1767 – 13 October 1815) was a Marshal of France and Admiral of France under the reign of Napoleon.

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Johann Amadeus von Thugut

Johann Amadeus Franz de Paula Freiherr von Thugut (24 May 173628 May 1818) was an Austrian diplomat.

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Johann Ludwig, Reichsgraf von Wallmoden-Gimborn

Johann Ludwig Reichsgraf von Wallmoden-Gimborn (22 April 1736 in Hanover – 10 October 1811 in Hanover) was a German lieutenant-general and art collector.

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Johann Peter Beaulieu

Johann Peter de Beaulieu, also Jean Pierre de Beaulieu (born 26 October 1725 in Lathuy, Brabant, Belgium– died 22 December 1819), was a Walloon military officer.

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Joseph Souham

Joseph Souham (30 April 1760 – 28 April 1837) was a French general who fought in the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.

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Karl Mack von Leiberich

Karl Freiherr Mack von Leiberich (25 August 1752 – 22 December 1828) was an Austrian soldier.

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Kew Letters

The Kew Letters (also known as the Circular Note of Kew) were a number of letters, written by stadtholder William V, Prince of Orange between 30 January and 8 February 1795 from the "Dutch House" at Kew Palace, where he temporarily stayed after his trip to England on 18 January 1795.

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Kingdom of Great Britain

The Kingdom of Great Britain, officially called simply Great Britain,Parliament of the Kingdom of England.

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Kingdom of Hanover

The Kingdom of Hanover (Königreich Hannover) was established in October 1814 by the Congress of Vienna, with the restoration of George III to his Hanoverian territories after the Napoleonic era.

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Kingdom of Sardinia

The Kingdom of SardiniaThe name of the state was originally Latin: Regnum Sardiniae, or Regnum Sardiniae et Corsicae when the kingdom was still considered to include Corsica.

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Kortrijk

Kortrijk (in English also Courtrai or Courtray; official name in Dutch: Kortrijk,; West Flemish: Kortryk or Kortrik, Courtrai,; Cortoriacum) is a Belgian city and municipality in the Flemish province of West Flanders.

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Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel

The Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel (Landgrafschaft Hessen-Kassel), spelled Hesse-Cassel during its entire existence, was a state in the Holy Roman Empire that was directly subject to the Emperor.

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Landrecies

Landrecies is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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Le Cateau-Cambrésis

Le Cateau-Cambrésis is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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Le Quesnoy

Le Quesnoy is a commune and small town in the east of the Nord department of northern France, accordingly its historic province is French Hainaut.

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Lek (river)

The Lek is a river in the western Netherlands of some 60 km in length.

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Levée en masse

An example of levée en masse (or, in English, "mass levy") was the policy of forced mass military conscription of all able-bodied, unmarried men between the ages of 18 and 25 adopted in the aftermath of the French Revolution of 1789.

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Liège Revolution

The Liège Revolution, sometimes known as the Happy Revolution (Heureuse Révolution, Binamêye revolucion), started on 18 August 1789 and lasted until the destruction of the Republic of Liège and re-establishment of the Prince-Bishopric of Liège by Austrian forces in 1791.

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Liberty pole

A liberty pole is a tall wooden pole, often used as a type of flagstaff, planted in the ground, surmounted by a Phrygian cap.

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Louis XVI of France

Louis XVI (23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793), born Louis-Auguste, was the last King of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution.

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Low Countries

The Low Countries or, in the geographic sense of the term, the Netherlands (de Lage Landen or de Nederlanden, les Pays Bas) is a coastal region in northwestern Europe, consisting especially of the Netherlands and Belgium, and the low-lying delta of the Rhine, Meuse, Scheldt, and Ems rivers where much of the land is at or below sea level.

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Ludwig von Wurmb

Ludwig von Wurmb (10 May 1736 – 5 April 1813) was a lieutenant general in the army of Hesse-Kassel during the Napoleonic Wars.

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Luxembourg City

Luxembourg (Lëtzebuerg, Luxembourg, Luxemburg), also known as Luxembourg City (Stad Lëtzebuerg or d'Stad, Ville de Luxembourg, Stadt Luxemburg, Luxemburg-Stadt), is the capital city of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (also named "Luxembourg"), and the country's most populous commune.

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Lys (river)

The Lys (French) or Leie (Dutch/German) is a river in France and Belgium, and a left-bank tributary of the Scheldt.

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Maastricht

Maastricht (Limburgish: Mestreech; French: Maestricht; Spanish: Mastrique) is a city and a municipality in the southeast of the Netherlands.

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Maroilles, Nord

Maroilles is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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Maubeuge

Maubeuge (historical Mabuse or Malbode) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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Mechelen

Mechelen (Malines, traditional English name: MechlinMechelen has been known in English as Mechlin, from where the adjective Mechlinian is derived. This name may still be used, especially in a traditional or historical context. The city's French name Malines had also been used in English in the past (in the 19th and 20th century) however this has largely been abandoned. Meanwhile, the Dutch derived Mechelen began to be used in English increasingly from late 20th century onwards, even while Mechlin remained still in use (for example a Mechlinian is an inhabitant of this city or someone seen as born-and-raised there; the term is also the name of the city dialect; as an adjective Mechlinian may refer to the city or to its dialect.) is a city and municipality in the province of Antwerp, Flanders, Belgium. The municipality comprises the city of Mechelen proper, some quarters at its outskirts, the hamlets of Nekkerspoel (adjacent) and Battel (a few kilometers away), as well as the villages of Walem, Heffen, Leest, Hombeek, and Muizen. The Dyle (Dijle) flows through the city, hence it is often referred to as the Dijlestad ("City on the river Dijle"). Mechelen lies on the major urban and industrial axis Brussels–Antwerp, about 25 km from each city. Inhabitants find employment at Mechelen's southern industrial and northern office estates, as well as at offices or industry near the capital and Zaventem Airport, or at industrial plants near Antwerp's seaport. Mechelen is one of Flanders' prominent cities of historical art, with Antwerp, Bruges, Brussels, Ghent, and Leuven. It was notably a centre for artistic production during the Northern Renaissance, when painters, printmakers, illuminators and composers of polyphony were attracted by patrons such as Margaret of York, Margaret of Austria and Hieronymus van Busleyden.

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Menen

Menen (Menin, West Flemish dialect: Mêenn or Mêende) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of West Flanders.

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Meuse

The Meuse (la Meuse; Walloon: Moûze) or Maas (Maas; Maos or Maas) is a major European river, rising in France and flowing through Belgium and the Netherlands before draining into the North Sea.

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Michel Ney

Marshal of the Empire Michel Ney, 1st Duke of Elchingen, 1st Prince of the Moskva (10 January 1769 – 7 December 1815), popularly known as Marshal Ney, was a French soldier and military commander during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.

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Moers

Moers (older form: Mörs; archaic Dutch: Murse, Murs or Meurs) is a German city on the western bank of the Rhine.

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Namur

Namur (Dutch:, Nameur in Walloon) is a city and municipality in Wallonia, Belgium.

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Napoleon

Napoléon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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National Convention

The National Convention (Convention nationale) was the first government of the French Revolution, following the two-year National Constituent Assembly and the one-year Legislative Assembly.

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Netherlands

The Netherlands (Nederland), often referred to as Holland, is a country located mostly in Western Europe with a population of seventeen million.

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Nieuwpoort, Belgium

Nieuwpoort (West Flemish: Nieuwpôort) (French: Nieuport) is a municipality located in Flanders, one of the three regions of Belgium, and in the Flemish province of West Flanders.

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Nijmegen

Nijmegen (Nijmeegs: Nimwegen), historically anglicized as Nimeguen, is a municipality and a city in the Dutch province of Gelderland.

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North Brabant

North Brabant (Noord-Brabant), also unofficially called Brabant, is a province in the south of the Netherlands.

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Oranienstein Letters

The Oranienstein Letters are a series of letters sent by William V, Prince of Orange in December 1801 from Schloss Oranienstein near Diez, Germany.

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Ostend

Ostend (Oostende, or; Ostende; Ostende) is a Belgian coastal city and municipality, located in the province of West Flanders.

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Ourthe

The Ourthe (Walloon: Aiwe d' Oûte) is a long river in the Ardennes in Wallonia (Belgium).

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Patriottentijd

The Patriottentijd (English: Patriot Period) was a period of political instability in the Dutch Republic between approximately 1780 and 1787.

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Peace of Basel

The Peace of Basel of 1795 consists of three peace treaties involving France during the French Revolution (represented by François de Barthélemy).

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Peninsular War

The Peninsular War (1807–1814) was a military conflict between Napoleon's empire (as well as the allied powers of the Spanish Empire), the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Kingdom of Portugal, for control of the Iberian Peninsula during the Napoleonic Wars.

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Prémont

Prémont is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

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Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany

Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany (Frederick Augustus; 16 August 1763 – 5 January 1827) was the second son of George III, King of the United Kingdom and Hanover, and his consort Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.

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Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld

Prince Frederick Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (German Friedrich Josias von Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld) (26 December 1737 – 26 February 1815) was a general in the Austrian service.

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Prince-Bishopric of Liège

The Prince-Bishopric of Liège was a state of the Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries, situated for the most part in present Belgium, which was ruled by the Bishop of Liège.

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Principality of Nassau-Orange-Fulda

Nassau-Orange-Fulda was a short-lived principality of the Holy Roman Empire, which was created for the son and heir of the Prince of Orange and Prince of Orange-Nassau and existed only from 1803 to 1806.

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Prisches

Prisches is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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Proclamation of the abolition of the monarchy

During the French Revolution, the proclamation of the abolition of the monarchy (French: Proclamation de l'abolition de la royauté) was a proclamation by the National Convention of France announcing that it had abolished the French monarchy on 21 September 1792.

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Prussia

Prussia (Preußen) was a historically prominent German state that originated in 1525 with a duchy centred on the region of Prussia.

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Prussian Guelders

Prussian Guelders or Prussian G(u)elderland (Pruisisch Gelre; Preußisch Geldern) was the part of the Duchy of Guelders ruled by the Kingdom of Prussia from 1713.

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Prussian invasion of Holland

The Prussian invasion of Holland was a Prussian military campaign in September–October 1787 to restore the Orange stadtholderate in the Dutch Republic against the rise of the democratic Patriot movement.

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Représentant en mission

During the French Revolution, a représentant en mission (English: representative on mission) was an extraordinary envoy of the Legislative Assembly (1791–92) and its successor the National Convention (1792–95).

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Rhine Campaign of 1795

The Rhine Campaign of 1795 (April 1795 to January 1796) saw two Habsburg Austrian armies under the overall command of François Sébastien Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of Clerfayt defeat an attempt by two Republican French armies to cross the Rhine River and capture the Fortress of Mainz.

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Rhineland

The Rhineland (Rheinland, Rhénanie) is the name used for a loosely defined area of Western Germany along the Rhine, chiefly its middle section.

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Roosendaal

Roosendaal is both a city and a municipality in the southern Netherlands, in the province of North Brabant.

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Rur

The Rur (German; in Dutch Roer and French: la Roer) is a major river that flows through portions of Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands.

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Saint Lambert's Cathedral, Liège

St.

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Saint-Amand-les-Eaux

Saint-Amand-les-Eaux (Flemish: Sint-Amands-aan-de-Skarpe) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France on the Scarpe river.

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Sambre

The Sambre is a river in northern France and in Wallonia, Belgium.

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Scheldt

The Scheldt (l'Escaut, Escô, Schelde) is a long river in northern France, western Belgium and the southwestern part of the Netherlands.

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Second Anglo-Maratha War

The Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803–1805) was the second conflict between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire in India.

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Secretary of State (England)

In the Kingdom of England, the title of Secretary of State came into being near the end of the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1558–1603), the usual title before that having been King's Clerk, King's Secretary, or Principal Secretary.

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Selle

The Selle (also spelt Celle in the Oise) is a river of Picardy, France.

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Siege of Dunkirk (1793)

The Siege of Dunkirk took place in the Autumn of 1793 when British, Hanoverian, Austrian, and Hesse-Kassel troops under the command of Prince Frederick, Duke of York besieged the fortified French border port of Dunkirk, as part as the Flanders campaign of the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Siege of Landrecies (1794)

The Siege of Landrecies (17 – 30 April 1794) was a military operation conducted by the veldleger (mobile army) of the Dutch States Army, commanded by the Hereditary Prince (assisted by auxiliary forces from the army of the Austrian empire), against the fortress of Landrecies, garrisoned by troops of the First French Republic under general Henri Victor Roulland during the Spring 1794 campaign of the Flanders Campaign, as part of the War of the First Coalition.

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Siege of Luxembourg (1794–95)

The siege of Luxembourg was a siege by France of the Habsburg-held Fortress of Luxembourg that lasted from 1794 until 7 June 1795, during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Siege of Mainz (1793)

In the Siege of Mainz (Belagerung von Mainz), from 14 April to 23 July 1793, a coalition of Prussia, Austria, and other German states besieged and captured Mainz from revolutionary French forces.

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Siege of Thionville (1792)

The Siege of Thionville was a conflict during the War of the First Coalition.

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Siege of Valenciennes (1793)

The Siege of Valenciennes took place between 13 June and 28 July 1793, during the Flanders Campaign of the War of the First Coalition.

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Siege of Ypres (1794)

The Siege of Ypres (1–18 June 1794) saw a Republican French army commanded by Jean-Charles Pichegru invest the fortress of Ypres and its 7,000-man garrison composed of Habsburg Austrians under Paul von Salis and Hessians led by Heinrich von Borcke and Georg von Lengerke.

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Sir William Erskine, 1st Baronet

Lieutenant-General Sir William Erskine, 1st Baronet (1728 – 19 March 1795) was a British Army commander and the 1st Baronet of the Erskine of Torrie creation.

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Sister republic

A sister republic (république sœur) was a republic established by the French army that was catalyzed by local revolutionaries and assisted by the First French Republic during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Stadtholder

In the Low Countries, stadtholder (stadhouder) was an office of steward, designated a medieval official and then a national leader.

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The Grand Old Duke of York

‘The Grand Old Duke of York’ (also sung as The Noble Duke of York) is an English children's nursery rhyme, often performed as an action song.

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The Hague

The Hague (Den Haag,, short for 's-Gravenhage) is a city on the western coast of the Netherlands and the capital of the province of South Holland.

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Third Partition of Poland

The Third Partition of Poland (1795) was the last in a series of the Partitions of Poland and the land of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth among Prussia, the Austrian Empire, and the Russian Empire which effectively ended Polish–Lithuanian national sovereignty until 1918.

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Tienen

Tienen or Thienen (Tirlemont) is a city and municipality in the province of Flemish Brabant, in Flanders, Belgium.

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Tourcoing

Tourcoing is a city in northern France.

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Tournai

Tournai (Latin: Tornacum, Picard: Tornai), known in Dutch as Doornik and historically as Dornick in English, is a Walloon municipality of Belgium, southwest of Brussels on the river Scheldt.

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Treaty of Campo Formio

The Treaty of Campo Formio (today Campoformido) was signed on 18 October 1797 (27 Vendémiaire VI) by Napoleon Bonaparte and Count Philipp von Cobenzl as representatives of the French Republic and the Austrian monarchy, respectively.

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Treaty of Leoben

The Treaty of Leoben was a general armistice and preliminary peace agreement between the Holy Roman Empire and the First French Republic that ended the War of the First Coalition.

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United Kingdom of the Netherlands

The United Kingdom of the Netherlands (Verenigd Koninkrijk der Nederlanden; Royaume-Uni des Pays-Bas) is the unofficial name given to the Kingdom of the Netherlands as it existed between 1815 and 1839.

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Utrecht

Utrecht is a city and municipality in the Netherlands, capital and most populous city of the province of Utrecht.

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Valenciennes

Valenciennes (Dutch: Valencijn, Latin: Valentianae, Valincyinne) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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Vaux-Andigny

Vaux-Andigny is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

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Veurne

Veurne (italic) is a city and municipality in the Belgian province of West Flanders.

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Waal (river)

The Waal (Dutch) is the main distributary branch of the river Rhine flowing approximately through the Netherlands.

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War of the First Coalition

The War of the First Coalition (Guerre de la Première Coalition) is the traditional name of the wars that several European powers fought between 1792 and 1797 against the French First Republic.

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War of the Pyrenees

The War of the Pyrenees, also known as War of Roussillon or War of the Convention, was the Pyrenean front of the First Coalition's war against the First French Republic.

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War of the Spanish Succession

The War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714) was a European conflict of the early 18th century, triggered by the death of the childless Charles II of Spain in November 1700.

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Wassigny

Wassigny is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

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Waterloo Campaign

The Waterloo Campaign (15 June – 8 July 1815) was fought between the French Army of the North and two Seventh Coalition armies, an Anglo-allied army and a Prussian army.

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Wervik

Wervik is a municipality located in the Belgian province of West Flanders.

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Wichard Joachim Heinrich von Möllendorf

Wichard Joachim Heinrich von Möllendorf (7 January 1724 – 28 January 1816) was a Generalfeldmarschall of the Kingdom of Prussia.

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Wilhelm von Freytag

Heinrich Wilhelm von Freytag (17 March 1720, Estorf – 2 January 1798, Hannover) was an officer in the service of the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover).

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William Harcourt, 3rd Earl Harcourt

Field Marshal William Harcourt, 3rd Earl Harcourt, (20 March 1743 – 17 June 1830) was a British nobleman and British Army officer.

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William I of the Netherlands

William I (Willem Frederik, Prince of Orange-Nassau; 24 August 1772 – 12 December 1843) was a Prince of Orange and the first King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg.

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William II of the Netherlands

William II (Willem Frederik George Lodewijk, anglicized as William Frederick George Louis; 6 December 1792 – 17 March 1849) was King of the Netherlands, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, and Duke of Limburg.

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William Pitt the Younger

William Pitt the Younger (28 May 1759 – 23 January 1806) was a prominent British Tory statesman of the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

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William V, Prince of Orange

William V, Prince of Orange (Willem Batavus; 8 March 1748 – 9 April 1806) was the last Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic.

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Zaltbommel

Zaltbommel (known also, historically and colloquially, as Bommel) is a municipality and a city in the Netherlands.

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Redirects here:

Flanders Campiagn, Flanders campaign, Invasion of France (1794).

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flanders_Campaign

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