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Food vs. fuel

Index Food vs. fuel

Food versus fuel is the dilemma regarding the risk of diverting farmland or crops for biofuels production to the detriment of the food supply. [1]

189 relations: Agricultural subsidy, Agriculture, Algaculture, Algae fuel, American Biofuels Now, Andean Community, Angela Merkel, Animal source foods, Apollo's Fire (book), Arbitrage, Arid, Ban Ki-moon, Barack Obama, BBC News, Biodiesel, Biofuel, Biofuel in Australia, Biofuel in Sweden, BioFuels Security Act, Biofuelwatch, Biogas, Biomass, Black liquor, Brasília, Brazil, Brown waste, Buenos Aires, Bushel, By-product, Camelina, Carbon monoxide, Caribbean, Cellulosic ethanol, Cellulosic ethanol commercialization, Central America, Chancellor of Germany (1949–present), Citrus, Clean Air Act (United States), Climate change, Coal, Collocation, Commodity, Commodity market, Commodity price shocks, Commonwealth Club of California, Congressional Budget Office, Conservation Reserve Program, Corn flakes, Corn stover, Costa Rica, ..., Crop rotation, Cuba, Daniel Ortega, Deforestation, Diesel fuel, Directive on the Promotion of the use of biofuels and other renewable fuels for transport, Distillers grains, Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement, Dumping (pricing policy), Eating, Economic bubble, Economic model, Edible seaweed, Editora Abril, Energy, Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, Energy policy of the United States, Energy returned on energy invested, Energy security, Ethanol, Ethanol fuel, Ethanol fuel in Brazil, Ethanol fuel in the Philippines, Ethanol fuel in the United States, European Commission, Fallacy, Famine, Fearmongering, Fertilizer, Fidel Castro, Field corn, Financial Times, Food and Agriculture Organization, Food distribution, Food prices, Food security, Fuel tax, Futures contract, Gallon, George Monbiot, George W. Bush, Gordon Brown, Greenhouse gas, Habitat destruction, Head of state, Holism, Honduras, Hugo Chávez, Hyperbole, Industrial crop, Industrialisation, International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, International community, International Monetary Fund, International organization, International relations, Jatropha, Jean Ziegler, Kosteletzkya virginica, Kraft process, Land development, Lignocellulosic biomass, Livestock, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Maize, Methanol economy, Methanol fuel, Methyl tert-butyl ether, Methylococcus capsulatus, Mexico, Miscanthus, Mustard plant, National Biodiesel Board, National Corn Growers Association, Natural environment, Natural gas, News conference, Nicaragua, Oat, OECD, Oil depletion, Oxfam, Oxygenate, Panama, Panicum virgatum, Paul Roberts (author), Peak oil, Peel (fruit), Pellet stove, Petroleum, Population growth, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Pulp (paper), Pulp mill, Renewable Fuels Association, Rice, Robert Zoellick, Ronald Oxburgh, Baron Oxburgh, São Paulo, Scalability, Second-generation biofuels, Secretary-General of the United Nations, Set-aside, Shortage, Spirulina (dietary supplement), Stavros Dimas, Sugarcane, Sulfite process, Supply and demand, Sustainability, Sustainable biofuel, Sustainable development, Sweet corn, Synthetic fuel, Systems engineering, The Boston Globe, The Guardian, The Independent, The New York Times International Edition, Unintended consequences, Union of Concerned Scientists, United Nations Environment Programme, United Nations special rapporteur, United States Congress, United States Department of Agriculture, Vegetable oil, Vegetable oil fuel, Vegetable oils as alternative energy, Venezuela, Waste, Wheat, World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates, World Bank, World Bank Group, World Food Programme, World oil market chronology from 2003, 1973 oil crisis, 2007–08 world food price crisis, 2008 global rice crisis. Expand index (139 more) »

Agricultural subsidy

An agricultural subsidy is a governmental subsidy paid to agribusinesses, agricultural organizations and farms to supplement their income, manage the supply of agricultural commodities, and influence the cost and supply of such commodities.

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Agriculture

Agriculture is the cultivation of land and breeding of animals and plants to provide food, fiber, medicinal plants and other products to sustain and enhance life.

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Algaculture

Algaculture is a form of aquaculture involving the farming of species of algae.

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Algae fuel

Algae fuel, algal biofuel, or algal oil is an alternative to liquid fossil fuels that uses algae as its source of energy-rich oils.

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American Biofuels Now

American Biofuels Now is a broad coalition of local biofuels producers, feedstock growers, suppliers, trade groups, environmental organizations, academics and energy users.

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Andean Community

The Andean Community (Comunidad Andina, CAN) is a customs union comprising the South American countries of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

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Angela Merkel

Angela Dorothea Merkel (Kasner, born 17 July 1954) is a German politician serving as Chancellor of Germany since 2005 and leader of the centre-right Christian Democratic Union (CDU) since 2000.

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Animal source foods

Animal source foods (ASF) include many food item that comes from an animal source such as meat, milk, eggs, cheese and yogurt.

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Apollo's Fire (book)

Apollo's Fire: Igniting America's Clean Energy Economy is a 2007 book by Washington State Governor Jay Inslee and researcher Bracken Hendricks.

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Arbitrage

In economics and finance, arbitrage is the practice of taking advantage of a price difference between two or more markets: striking a combination of matching deals that capitalize upon the imbalance, the profit being the difference between the market prices.

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Arid

A region is arid when it is characterized by a severe lack of available water, to the extent of hindering or preventing the growth and development of plant and animal life.

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Ban Ki-moon

Ban Ki-moon (born 13 June 1944) is a South Korean politician and diplomat who was the eighth Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 2007 to December 2016.

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Barack Obama

Barack Hussein Obama II (born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from January 20, 2009, to January 20, 2017.

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BBC News

BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs.

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Biodiesel

Biodiesel refers to a vegetable oil- or animal fat-based diesel fuel consisting of long-chain alkyl (methyl, ethyl, or propyl) esters.

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Biofuel

A biofuel is a fuel that is produced through contemporary biological processes, such as agriculture and anaerobic digestion, rather than a fuel produced by geological processes such as those involved in the formation of fossil fuels, such as coal and petroleum, from prehistoric biological matter.

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Biofuel in Australia

Biofuel is fuel that is produced from organic matter (biomass), including plant materials and animal waste.

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Biofuel in Sweden

Biofuels are renewable fuels that are produced by living organisms (biomass).

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BioFuels Security Act

The BioFuels Security Act is a proposed legislative Act of Congress intended to phase out current single-fueled vehicles in favor of flexible-fuel vehicles.

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Biofuelwatch

Biofuelwatch is a non-governmental environmental organization based in the United Kingdom and the United States, which works to raise awareness of the negative impacts of industrial biofuels and bioenergy, on biodiversity, human rights, food sovereignty and climate change, human rights abuses, the impoverishment and dispossession of local populations, water and soil degradation, loss of food sovereignty and loss of food security.

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Biogas

Biogas typically refers to a mixture of different gases produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.

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Biomass

Biomass is an industry term for getting energy by burning wood, and other organic matter.

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Black liquor

In industrial chemistry, black liquor is the waste product from the kraft process when digesting pulpwood into paper pulp removing lignin, hemicelluloses and other extractives from the wood to free the cellulose fibers.

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Brasília

Brasília is the federal capital of Brazil and seat of government of the Federal District.

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Brazil

Brazil (Brasil), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (República Federativa do Brasil), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America.

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Brown waste

Brown waste is any biodegradable waste that is predominantly carbon based.

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Buenos Aires

Buenos Aires is the capital and most populous city of Argentina.

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Bushel

A bushel (abbreviation: bsh. or bu.) is an imperial and US customary unit of weight or mass based upon an earlier measure of dry capacity.

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By-product

A by-product is a secondary product derived from a manufacturing process or chemical reaction.

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Camelina

Camelina is a genus within the flowering plant family Brassicaceae.

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Carbon monoxide

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is slightly less dense than air.

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Caribbean

The Caribbean is a region that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean) and the surrounding coasts.

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Cellulosic ethanol

Cellulosic ethanol is ethanol (ethyl alcohol) produced from cellulose (the stringy fiber of a plant) rather than from the plant's seeds or fruit.

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Cellulosic ethanol commercialization

Cellulosic ethanol commercialization is the process of building an industry out of methods of turning cellulose-containing organic matter into cellulosic ethanol for use as a biofuel.

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Central America

Central America (América Central, Centroamérica) is the southernmost, isthmian portion of the North American continent, which connects with the South American continent on the southeast.

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Chancellor of Germany (1949–present)

The Federal Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (in German called Bundeskanzler(in), meaning "Federal Chancellor", or in) for short) is, under the German 1949 Constitution, the head of government of Germany.

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Citrus

Citrus is a genus of flowering trees and shrubs in the rue family, Rutaceae.

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Clean Air Act (United States)

The Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C.) is a United States federal law designed to control air pollution on a national level.

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Climate change

Climate change is a change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns when that change lasts for an extended period of time (i.e., decades to millions of years).

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Coal

Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams.

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Collocation

In corpus linguistics, a collocation is a sequence of words or terms that co-occur more often than would be expected by chance.

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Commodity

In economics, a commodity is an economic good or service that has full or substantial fungibility: that is, the market treats instances of the good as equivalent or nearly so with no regard to who produced them.

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Commodity market

A commodity market is a market that trades in primary economic sector rather than manufactured products.

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Commodity price shocks

Commodity price shocks are times when the prices for commodities have increased suddenly.

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Commonwealth Club of California

The Commonwealth Club of California is a non-profit, non-partisan educational organization based in Northern California.

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Congressional Budget Office

The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) is a federal agency within the legislative branch of the United States government that provides budget and economic information to Congress.

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Conservation Reserve Program

The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) is a cost-share and rental payment program of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).

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Corn flakes

Corn flakes, or cornflakes, are a breakfast cereal made by toasting flakes of cereal, usually maize (known as corn in the U.S.). The cereal was created by John Harvey Kellogg in 1894 as a food that he thought would be healthy for the patients of the Battle Creek Sanitarium in Michigan where he was superintendent.

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Corn stover

Corn stover consists of the leaves, stalks, and cobs of maize (corn) (Zea mays ssp. mays L.) plants left in a field after harvest.

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Costa Rica

Costa Rica ("Rich Coast"), officially the Republic of Costa Rica (República de Costa Rica), is a country in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Panama to the southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and Ecuador to the south of Cocos Island.

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Crop rotation

Crop rotation is the practice of growing a series of dissimilar or different types of crops in the same area in sequenced seasons.

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Cuba

Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos.

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Daniel Ortega

José Daniel Ortega Saavedra (born November 11, 1945) is a Nicaraguan politician serving as President of Nicaragua since 2007; previously he was leader of Nicaragua from 1979 to 1990, first as Coordinator of the Junta of National Reconstruction (1979–1985) and then as President (1985–1990).

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Deforestation

Deforestation, clearance, or clearing is the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a non-forest use.

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Diesel fuel

Diesel fuel in general is any liquid fuel used in diesel engines, whose fuel ignition takes place, without any spark, as a result of compression of the inlet air mixture and then injection of fuel.

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Directive on the Promotion of the use of biofuels and other renewable fuels for transport

The Directive on the Promotion of the use of biofuels and other renewable fuels for transport, officially 2003/30/EC and popularly better known as the biofuels directive is a European Union directive for promoting the use of biofuels for EU transport.

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Distillers grains

Distillers grains are a cereal byproduct of the distillation process.

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Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement

The Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) is a free trade agreement (legally a treaty under international law, but not under U.S. law).

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Dumping (pricing policy)

Dumping, in economics, is a kind of injuring pricing, especially in the context of international trade.

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Eating

Eating (also known as consuming) is the ingestion of food, typically to provide a heterotrophic organism with energy and to allow for growth.

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Economic bubble

An economic bubble or asset bubble (sometimes also referred to as a speculative bubble, a market bubble, a price bubble, a financial bubble, a speculative mania, or a balloon) is trade in an asset at a price or price range that strongly exceeds the asset's intrinsic value.

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Economic model

In economics, a model is a theoretical construct representing economic processes by a set of variables and a set of logical and/or quantitative relationships between them.

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Edible seaweed

Edible seaweed, or sea vegetables, are algae that can be eaten and used in the preparation of food.

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Editora Abril

Editora Abril is a major Brazilian publisher and printing company and one of the biggest media holdings in Latin America. The company was founded in 1950 by Victor Civita in São Paulo and is now part of Grupo Abril. Civita had initially founded his publisher as Editora Primavera, publishing an unsuccessful comic magazine named in Brazil Raio Vermelho. The following year, Civita changed its name to Abril - referencing the month in which spring begins on the northern hemisphere - - and published its first title, Donald Duck, in Brazil called Pato Donald, which continues to run to this date. Abril's first magazine lead Civita to claim "It all started with a duck", parodying Walt Disney's declaration that "I only hope that we never lose sight of one thing – that it was all started by Mickey Mouse. Under its name it publishes titles like AnaMaria, Tititi, Minha Novela, Sou+Eu!, Quatro Rodas, Veja, Veja Rio, Veja São Paulo, Nova, Placar, Claudia, Boa Forma, Manequim, and Exame, as well as the Brazilian editions of Disney comics, Cosmopolitan, Men's Health, Women's Health, Runner's World, and Playboy. It also owns the Brazilian MTV and cable company Abril Grafica. In May 2006, Naspers acquired a 30% interest in Editora Abril. On the internet, Abril owns the most popular website aimed to women, named MdeMulher, with 5 million visitors monthly.

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Energy

In physics, energy is the quantitative property that must be transferred to an object in order to perform work on, or to heat, the object.

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Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007

The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (originally named the Clean Energy Act of 2007) is an Act of Congress concerning the energy policy of the United States.

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Energy policy of the United States

The energy policy of the United States is determined by federal, state, and local entities in the United States, which address issues of energy production, distribution, and consumption, such as building codes and gas mileage standards.

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Energy returned on energy invested

In physics, energy economics, and ecological energetics, energy returned on energy invested (EROEI or ERoEI); or energy return on investment (EROI), is the ratio of the amount of usable energy (the exergy) delivered from a particular energy resource to the amount of exergy used to obtain that energy resource.

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Energy security

Energy security is the association between national security and the availability of natural resources for energy consumption.

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Ethanol

Ethanol, also called alcohol, ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, and drinking alcohol, is a chemical compound, a simple alcohol with the chemical formula.

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Ethanol fuel

Ethanol fuel is ethyl alcohol, the same type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages, used as fuel.

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Ethanol fuel in Brazil

Brazil is the world's second largest producer of ethanol fuel.

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Ethanol fuel in the Philippines

The Philippines Biofuels Act 2006 requires oil companies to use biofuels in all "liquid fuels for motors and engines sold in the Philippines." All gasoline sold in the country must contain at least 5 percent ethanol by February 2009, and by 2011, the mandated blend can go up to 10 percent.

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Ethanol fuel in the United States

The United States became the world's largest producer of ethanol fuel in 2005.

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European Commission

The European Commission (EC) is an institution of the European Union, responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the EU treaties and managing the day-to-day business of the EU.

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Fallacy

A fallacy is the use of invalid or otherwise faulty reasoning, or "wrong moves" in the construction of an argument.

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Famine

A famine is a widespread scarcity of food, caused by several factors including war, inflation, crop failure, population imbalance, or government policies.

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Fearmongering

Fearmongering or scaremongering is the spreading of frightening and exaggerated rumors of an impending danger or the habit or tactic of purposely and needlessly arousing public fear about an issue.

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Fertilizer

A fertilizer (American English) or fertiliser (British English; see spelling differences) is any material of natural or synthetic origin (other than liming materials) that is applied to soils or to plant tissues to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to the growth of plants.

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Fidel Castro

Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (August 13, 1926 – November 25, 2016) was a Cuban communist revolutionary and politician who governed the Republic of Cuba as Prime Minister from 1959 to 1976 and then as President from 1976 to 2008.

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Field corn

In North America, field corn is corn (Zea mays) grown for livestock fodder, ethanol, cereal and processed food products.

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Financial Times

The Financial Times (FT) is a Japanese-owned (since 2015), English-language international daily newspaper headquartered in London, with a special emphasis on business and economic news.

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Food and Agriculture Organization

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO; Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture, Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite per l'Alimentazione e l'Agricoltura) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger.

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Food distribution

Food distribution is a process in which a general population is supplied with food.

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Food prices

Food prices refer to the (averaged) price level for food in particular countries or regions or on a global scale.

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Food security

Food security is a condition related to the availability of food supply, group of people such as (ethnicities, racial, cultural and religious groups) as well as individuals' access to it.

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Fuel tax

A fuel tax (also known as a petrol, gasoline or gas tax, or as a fuel duty) is an excise tax imposed on the sale of fuel.

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Futures contract

In finance, a futures contract (more colloquially, futures) is a standardized forward contract, a legal agreement to buy or sell something at a predetermined price at a specified time in the future.

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Gallon

The gallon is a unit of measurement for fluid capacity in both the US customary units and the British imperial systems of measurement.

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George Monbiot

George Joshua Richard Monbiot (born 27 January 1963) is a British writer known for his environmental, political activism.

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George W. Bush

George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009.

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Gordon Brown

James Gordon Brown (born 20 February 1951) is a British politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Labour Party from 2007 to 2010.

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Greenhouse gas

A greenhouse gas is a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiant energy within the thermal infrared range.

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Habitat destruction

Habitat destruction is the process in which natural habitat is rendered unable to support the species present.

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Head of state

A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona that officially represents the national unity and legitimacy of a sovereign state.

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Holism

Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos "all, whole, entire") is the idea that systems (physical, biological, chemical, social, economic, mental, linguistic) and their properties should be viewed as wholes, not just as a collection of parts.

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Honduras

Honduras, officially the Republic of Honduras (República de Honduras), is a republic in Central America.

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Hugo Chávez

Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías (28 July 1954 – 5 March 2013) was a Venezuelan politician who was President of Venezuela from 1999 to 2013.

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Hyperbole

Hyperbole (ὑπερβολή, huperbolḗ, from ὑπέρ (hupér, "above") and βάλλω (bállō, "I throw")) is the use of exaggeration as a rhetorical device or figure of speech.

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Industrial crop

An industrial crop, also called a non-food crop, is a crop grown to produce goods for manufacturing, for example of fibre for clothing, rather than food for consumption.

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Industrialisation

Industrialisation or industrialization is the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society, involving the extensive re-organisation of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.

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International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development

The is an independent think-and-do-tank, engaged in the provision of information, research and analysis, and policy and multistakeholder dialogue, as a not-for-profit organisation based in Geneva, Switzerland.

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International community

The international community is a phrase used in geopolitics and international relations to refer to a broad group of people and governments of the world.

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International Monetary Fund

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of "189 countries working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world." Formed in 1945 at the Bretton Woods Conference primarily by the ideas of Harry Dexter White and John Maynard Keynes, it came into formal existence in 1945 with 29 member countries and the goal of reconstructing the international payment system.

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International organization

An international organization is an organization with an international membership, scope, or presence.

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International relations

International relations (IR) or international affairs (IA) — commonly also referred to as international studies (IS) or global studies (GS) — is the study of interconnectedness of politics, economics and law on a global level.

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Jatropha

Jatropha is a genus of flowering plants in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae.

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Jean Ziegler

Jean Ziegler (born April 19, 1934 as Hans Ziegler) is a former professor of sociology at the University of Geneva and the Sorbonne, Paris.

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Kosteletzkya virginica

Seashore mallow (Kosteletzkya virginica), also known as sweat weed, Virginia saltmarsh mallow, and salt marsh mallow, is an herb found in marshes along the eastern seashore of the United States.

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Kraft process

The kraft process (also known as kraft pulping or sulfate process) is a process for conversion of wood into wood pulp, which consists of almost pure cellulose fibers, the main component of paper.

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Land development

Land development is altering the landscape in any number of ways such as.

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Lignocellulosic biomass

Lignocellulose refers to plant dry matter (biomass), so called lignocellulosic biomass.

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Livestock

Livestock are domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting to produce labor and commodities such as meat, eggs, milk, fur, leather, and wool.

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Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (born 27 October 1945), popularly known as Lula, is a Brazilian politician and former union leader, who served as the 35th President of Brazil from 2003 to 2011.

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Maize

Maize (Zea mays subsp. mays, from maíz after Taíno mahiz), also known as corn, is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago.

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Methanol economy

The methanol economy is a suggested future economy in which methanol and dimethyl ether replace fossil fuels as a means of energy storage, ground transportation fuel, and raw material for synthetic hydrocarbons and their products.

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Methanol fuel

Methanol is an alternative fuel for internal combustion and other engines, either in combination with gasoline or directly ("neat").

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Methyl tert-butyl ether

Methyl tert-butyl ether (also known as MTBE and tert-butyl methyl ether) is an organic compound with a structural formula (CH3)3COCH3.

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Methylococcus capsulatus

Methylococcus capsulatus is an obligately methanotrophic gram-negative, non-motile coccoid bacterium.

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Mexico

Mexico (México; Mēxihco), officially called the United Mexican States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos) is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America.

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Miscanthus

Miscanthus, silvergrass, is a genus of African, Eurasian, and Pacific Island plants in the grass family.

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Mustard plant

Mustard plants are any of several plant species in the genera Brassica and Sinapis in the family Brassicaceae.

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National Biodiesel Board

The National Biodiesel Board (NBB) is an American commercial trade association representing the biodiesel industry as the unifying and coordinating body for research and development in the United States.

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National Corn Growers Association

The National Corn Growers Association (NCGA) is an association that represents and advocates for the interests of corn growers in the United States.

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Natural environment

The natural environment encompasses all living and non-living things occurring naturally, meaning in this case not artificial.

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Natural gas

Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, but commonly including varying amounts of other higher alkanes, and sometimes a small percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, or helium.

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News conference

A news conference or press conference is a media event in which newsmakers invite journalists to hear them speak and, most often, ask questions.

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Nicaragua

Nicaragua, officially the Republic of Nicaragua, is the largest country in the Central American isthmus, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west.

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Oat

The oat (Avena sativa), sometimes called the common oat, is a species of cereal grain grown for its seed, which is known by the same name (usually in the plural, unlike other cereals and pseudocereals).

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OECD

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, OCDE) is an intergovernmental economic organisation with 35 member countries, founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade.

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Oil depletion

Oil Depletion is the decline in oil production of a well, oil field, or geographic area.

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Oxfam

Oxfam is a confederation of 20 independent charitable organizations focusing on the alleviation of global poverty, founded in 1942 and led by Oxfam International.

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Oxygenate

Oxygenated chemical compounds contain oxygen as a part of their chemical structure.

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Panama

Panama (Panamá), officially the Republic of Panama (República de Panamá), is a country in Central America, bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south.

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Panicum virgatum

Panicum virgatum, commonly known as switchgrass, is a perennial warm season bunchgrass native to North America, where it occurs naturally from 55°N latitude in Canada southwards into the United States and Mexico.

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Paul Roberts (author)

Paul Roberts is an American journalist and author of two non-fiction books, The End of Oil (2004) and The End of Food (2008).

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Peak oil

Peak oil is the theorized point in time when the maximum rate of extraction of petroleum is reached, after which it is expected to enter terminal decline.

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Peel (fruit)

Peel, also known as rind or skin, is the outer protective layer of a fruit or vegetable which can be peeled off.

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Pellet stove

A pellet stove is a stove that burns compressed wood or biomass pellets to create a source of heat for residential and sometimes industrial spaces.

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Petroleum

Petroleum is a naturally occurring, yellow-to-black liquid found in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface.

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Population growth

In biology or human geography, population growth is the increase in the number of individuals in a population.

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Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the head of the United Kingdom government.

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Pulp (paper)

Pulp is a lignocellulosic fibrous material prepared by chemically or mechanically separating cellulose fibres from wood, fiber crops, waste paper, or rags.

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Pulp mill

A pulp mill is a manufacturing facility that converts wood chips or other plant fibre source into a thick fibre board which can be shipped to a paper mill for further processing.

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Renewable Fuels Association

The Renewable Fuels Association (RFA) represents the ethanol industry promoting policies, regulations, and research and development initiatives that will lead to the increased production and use of ethanol fuel.

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Rice

Rice is the seed of the grass species Oryza sativa (Asian rice) or Oryza glaberrima (African rice).

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Robert Zoellick

Robert Bruce Zoellick (born July 25, 1953) is an American public official and lawyer who was the eleventh president of the World Bank, a position he held from July 1, 2007 to June 30, 2012.

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Ronald Oxburgh, Baron Oxburgh

Ernest Ronald Oxburgh, Baron Oxburgh, KBE, FRS, HonFREng (born 2 November 1934) is a British geologist, geophysicist, and politician.

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São Paulo

São Paulo is a municipality in the southeast region of Brazil.

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Scalability

Scalability is the capability of a system, network, or process to handle a growing amount of work, or its potential to be enlarged to accommodate that growth.

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Second-generation biofuels

Second-generation biofuels, also known as advanced biofuels, are fuels that can be manufactured from various types of non-food biomass.

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Secretary-General of the United Nations

The Secretary-General of the United Nations (UNSG or just SG) is the head of the United Nations Secretariat, one of the six principal organs of the United Nations.

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Set-aside

Set-aside was a scheme introduced by the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1988 (Regulation (EEC) 1272/88), to (i) help reduce the large and costly surpluses produced in Europe under the guaranteed price system of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP); and (ii) to deliver some environmental benefits following considerable damage to agricultural ecosystems and wildlife as a result of the intensification of agriculture.

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Shortage

In economics, a shortage or excess demand is a situation in which the demand for a product or service exceeds its supply in a market.

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Spirulina (dietary supplement)

Spirulina represents a biomass of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) that can be consumed by humans and other animals.

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Stavros Dimas

Stavros Dimas (Σταύρος Δήμας,; born 30 April 1941) is a Greek politician who was European Commissioner for the Environment from 2004 to 2009.

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Sugarcane

Sugarcane, or sugar cane, are several species of tall perennial true grasses of the genus Saccharum, tribe Andropogoneae, native to the warm temperate to tropical regions of South and Southeast Asia, Polynesia and Melanesia, and used for sugar production.

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Sulfite process

The sulfite process produces wood pulp which is almost pure cellulose fibers by using various salts of sulfurous acid to extract the lignin from wood chips in large pressure vessels called digesters.

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Supply and demand

In microeconomics, supply and demand is an economic model of price determination in a market.

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Sustainability

Sustainability is the process of change, in which the exploitation of resources, the direction of investments, the orientation of technological development and institutional change are all in harmony and enhance both current and future potential to meet human needs and aspirations.

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Sustainable biofuel

Sustainable biofuel is biofuel produced in a sustainable manner.

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Sustainable development

Sustainable development is the organizing principle for meeting human development goals while at the same time sustaining the ability of natural systems to provide the natural resources and ecosystem services upon which the economy and society depend.

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Sweet corn

Sweet corn (Zea mays convar. saccharata var. rugosa; also called sugar corn and pole corn) is a cereal with a high sugar content.

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Synthetic fuel

Synthetic fuel or synfuel is a liquid fuel, or sometimes gaseous fuel, obtained from syngas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, in which the syngas was derived from gasification of solid feedstocks such as coal or biomass or by reforming of natural gas.

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Systems engineering

Systems engineering is an interdisciplinary field of engineering and engineering management that focuses on how to design and manage complex systems over their life cycles.

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The Boston Globe

The Boston Globe (sometimes abbreviated as The Globe) is an American daily newspaper founded and based in Boston, Massachusetts, since its creation by Charles H. Taylor in 1872.

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The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

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The Independent

The Independent is a British online newspaper.

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The New York Times International Edition

The New York Times International Edition is an English-language newspaper printed at 38 sites throughout the world and sold in more than 160 countries and territories.

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Unintended consequences

In the social sciences, unintended consequences (sometimes unanticipated consequences or unforeseen consequences) are outcomes that are not the ones foreseen and intended by a purposeful action.

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Union of Concerned Scientists

The Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) is a nonprofit science advocacy organization based in the United States.

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United Nations Environment Programme

The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) is an agency of United Nations and coordinates its environmental activities, assisting developing countries in implementing environmentally sound policies and practices.

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United Nations special rapporteur

The titles Special Rapporteur, Independent Expert, and Working Group Member are given to individuals working on behalf of the United Nations (UN) within the scope of "special procedure" mechanisms who have a specific country or thematic mandate from the United Nations Human Rights Council.

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United States Congress

The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the Federal government of the United States.

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United States Department of Agriculture

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), also known as the Agriculture Department, is the U.S. federal executive department responsible for developing and executing federal laws related to farming, forestry, and food.

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Vegetable oil

Vegetable oils, or vegetable fats, are fats extracted from seeds, or less often, from other parts of fruits.

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Vegetable oil fuel

Vegetable oil can be used as an alternative fuel in diesel engines and in heating oil burners.

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Vegetable oils as alternative energy

Vegetable oils are increasingly used as a substitute for fossil fuels.

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Venezuela

Venezuela, officially denominated Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (República Bolivariana de Venezuela),Previously, the official name was Estado de Venezuela (1830–1856), República de Venezuela (1856–1864), Estados Unidos de Venezuela (1864–1953), and again República de Venezuela (1953–1999).

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Waste

Waste (or wastes) are unwanted or unusable materials.

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Wheat

Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain which is a worldwide staple food.

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World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates

The World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE) is a monthly report published by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) providing comprehensive forecast of supply and demand for major crops (global and United States) and livestock (U.S. only).

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World Bank

The World Bank (Banque mondiale) is an international financial institution that provides loans to countries of the world for capital projects.

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World Bank Group

The World Bank Group (WBG) (Groupe de la Banque mondiale) is a family of five international organizations that make leveraged loans to developing countries.

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World Food Programme

The World Food Programme (WFP) is the food-assistance branch of the United Nations and the world's largest humanitarian organization addressing hunger and promoting food security.

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World oil market chronology from 2003

From the mid-1980s to September 2003, the inflation adjusted price of a barrel of crude oil on NYMEX was generally under $25/barrel.

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1973 oil crisis

The 1973 oil crisis began in October 1973 when the members of the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries proclaimed an oil embargo.

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2007–08 world food price crisis

World food prices increased dramatically in 2007 and the first and second quarter of 2008, creating a global crisis and causing political and economic instability and social unrest in both poor and developed nations.

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2008 global rice crisis

The 2008 Global Rice Crisis occurred between January and May 2008, the international trading price of rice jumped dramatically, increasing more than 300% (from USD $300 to $1,200 per ton) in just four months.

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Food or fuel, Food versus fuel, Food vs fuel, Food vs. Fuel, Fuel vs food, Fuel vs. food.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_vs._fuel

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