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Foreign direct investment in Iran

Index Foreign direct investment in Iran

Foreign direct investment in Iran (FDI) has been hindered by unfavorable or complex operating requirements and by international sanctions, although in the early 2000s the Iranian government liberalized investment regulations. [1]

182 relations: Agriculture in Iran, Alcatel-Lucent, American Enterprise Institute, Apple Inc., Aras Free Zone, Arvand Free Zone, Asaluyeh, Astan Quds Razavi, Australia, Automotive industry in Iran, Bandar Abbas, Bandar-e Mahshahr, Banking and insurance in Iran, Boeing, BP, Branch office, Build–operate–transfer, Bushehr, Bushehr Province, Caspian Sea, Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Chabahar, Chabahar Free Trade-Industrial Zone, Chevron Corporation, China, Chrysler, CMS (law firm), CNN, Coca-Cola, Communications in Iran, Concession (contract), Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Cooperative, Copper, Daimler-Benz, Danone, Department of Environment (Iran), Dispute resolution, Dubai, East Azerbaijan Province, Economist Intelligence Unit, Economy of Iran, Education in Iran, Eilat Ashkelon Pipeline Company, Energy in Iran, Energy superpower, Eni, Environmental issue, Environmental issues in Iran, Equinor, ..., EU-Iran Forum, Eurodif, Europe, Fars Province, Foreign agent, Foreign direct investment, Foreign direct investment in Iran, Foreign exchange market, Foreign portfolio investment, Foreign relations of Iran, Free-trade zone, Gas, Gazprom, General Motors, General partnership, Geography of Iran, Germany, Gilan Province, Global Competitiveness Report, Goldman Sachs, Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Hewlett-Packard, IDRO Group, IMIDRO, Industry of Iran, International arbitration, Investment promotion agency, Iran, Iran Chamber of Commerce, Industries, Mines & Agriculture, Iran International Exhibitions Company, Iran Shipbuilding & Offshore Industries Complex, Iran–Iraq War, Iranian diaspora, Iranian frozen assets, Iranian labor law, Iranian nationality law, Iranian Revolution, Joint venture, Joint-stock company, Karaj, Kerman Province, Khorramshahr, Khuzestan Province, Kia Motors, Kish Island, Letter of credit, LG Corporation, Liberalization, Limited liability company, Limited partnership, List of companies of Iran, List of law firms, List of power stations in Iran, Maku, Iran, Mazandaran Province, Medication, MENA, Microsoft, Mining, Mining in Iran, Ministry of Commerce (Iran), Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance (Iran), Ministry of Industry, Mine and Trade, Ministry of Petroleum (Iran), Monopoly, MTN Group, Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency, Multinational corporation, Naftiran Intertrade, National Development Fund of Iran, National Foreign Trade Council, National Iranian Oil Company, National Petrochemical Company, Nationalization, Nestlé, Net worth, Next Eleven, Nissan, Nuclear program of Iran, Oil reserves, OPEC, Payam Air, Pepsi, Persian Gulf, Petrochemical, Petroleum industry in Iran, Peugeot, Press TV, Privately held company, Privatization in Iran, Production sharing agreement, Project finance, Public company, Qeshm Island, Real estate, Renault, Representative office, Russia, Samsung, Sanctions against Iran, Saudi Arabia, Shah Deniz gas field, Shell Canada, Shiraz, Siemens, Sovereign wealth fund, Special economic zone, Switzerland, Tata Steel, Taxation in Iran, Technology transfer, Tehran, Tehran Imam Khomeini International Airport, Tehran Province, Tehran Stock Exchange, Telecommunication, Tertiary sector of the economy, The Economist, The Wall Street Journal, The World Factbook, ThyssenKrupp, Total S.A., Tourism in Iran, Transport in Iran, Turkey, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, United States, United States sanctions against Iran, Usance, West Azerbaijan Province, World Economic Forum, Yazd. Expand index (132 more) »

Agriculture in Iran

Roughly one-third of Iran's total surface area is suited for farmland, but because of poor soil and lack of adequate water distribution in many areas, most of it is not under cultivation.

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Alcatel-Lucent

Alcatel-Lucent S.A. was a French global telecommunications equipment company, headquartered in Boulogne-Billancourt, France.

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American Enterprise Institute

The American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, known simply as the American Enterprise Institute (AEI), is a conservative think tank based in Washington, D.C. which researches government, politics, economics and social welfare.

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Apple Inc.

Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California, that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and online services.

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Aras Free Zone

Aras Free Trade - Industrial Zone (abbreviated as AFZ) is located in the Northwest of Iran at the border point with neighboring Armenia, Azerbaijan and the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic.

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Arvand Free Zone

The Arvand Free Zone with an area of 37,400 hectares is at the confluence of the Karun and Shatt al-Arab rivers.

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Asaluyeh

Asaluyeh (عسلويه, also Romanized as ‘Asalūyeh; also known as Asalu, and sometimes prefixed by bandar, meaning port) is a city and capital of Asaluyeh County, in Bushehr Province, Iran.

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Astan Quds Razavi

Astan Quds Razavi (Āstān-e Qods-e Razavi) is a Bonyad, or autonomous charitable foundation, in Mashhad, Iran.

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Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands.

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Automotive industry in Iran

Iran’s automotive industry is the third most active industry of the country, after its oil and gas industry, accounting for 10% of Iran's GDP and 4% of the workforce (700,000 persons).

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Bandar Abbas

Bandar Abbas (بندرعباس,, or Bandar-e ‘Abbās; also romanized as Bandar ‘Abbās and Bandar ‘Abbāsī; formerly known as Cambarão and Porto Comorão to Portuguese traders, as Gombroon to English traders and as Gamrun or Gumrun to Dutch merchants; also Jaroon (to the Arabs) and Cameron (to the English)) is a port city and capital of Hormozgān Province on the southern coast of Iran, on the Persian Gulf.

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Bandar-e Mahshahr

Bandar-e Mahshahr (بندرماهشهر, also Romanized as Bandar-e Māhshahr, Bandar-e Ma‘shūr, Bandar Mah-Shahr, Bandar Mah Sharh, Bandar-mashoor, Bandar-Mashour, Bandar Ma‘shūr, Bandar Mashur; also known as Bār Andāz, Māhshahr, Mah Shahr, and Mashur) is a city and capital of Mahshahr County, Khuzestan Province, Iran.

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Banking and insurance in Iran

Following the Iranian Revolution, Iran's banking system was transformed to be run on an Islamic interest-free basis.

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Boeing

The Boeing Company is an American multinational corporation that designs, manufactures, and sells airplanes, rotorcraft, rockets, satellites, and missiles worldwide.

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BP

BP plc (stylised as bp), formerly British Petroleum, is a British multinational oil and gas company headquartered in London, England.

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Branch office

A branch office is an outlet of a company or, more generally, an organization that – unlike a subsidiary – does not constitute a separate legal entity, while being physically separated from the organization's main office.

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Build–operate–transfer

Build–operate–transfer (BOT) or build–own–operate–transfer (BOOT) is a form of project financing, wherein a private entity receives a concession from the private or public sector to finance, design, construct, own, and operate a facility stated in the concession contract.

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Bushehr

Bushehr, or Bushire (بوشهر; also Romanised as Būshehr, Bouchehr, Buschir and Busehr; also Bandar Bushehr (بندر بوشهر), also Romanised as Bandar Būshehr and Bandar-e Būshehr; previously known as Beh Ardasher, Antiochia in Persis (Greek: Αντιόχεια της Περσίδος) and Bukht Ardashir), is the capital city of Bushehr Province, Iran.

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Bushehr Province

Bushehr Province (استان بوشهر, Ostān-e Būshehr) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.

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Caspian Sea

The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed inland body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea.

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Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran

The Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran (CBI; Bank Markazi-ye Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān, also known as Bank Markazi) is the central bank of Iran.

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Chabahar

Chābahār (چابهار, چھبار-Čahbàr; meaning four springs or spring well; formerly Bandar Beheshtī) is a city and capital of Chah Bahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran.

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Chabahar Free Trade-Industrial Zone

Chabahar Free Trade–Industrial Zone (CFZ) (منطقه آزاد تجاری صنعتی چابهار.) is an Iranian free trade zone formed according to the law on the establishment and administration of free trade–industrial zones.

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Chevron Corporation

Chevron Corporation is an American multinational energy corporation.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.

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Chrysler

Fiat Chrysler Automobiles US LLC (commonly known as Chrysler) is the American subsidiary of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V., an Italian-American automobile manufacturer registered in the Netherlands with headquarters in London, U.K., for tax purposes.

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CMS (law firm)

CMS Cameron McKenna Nabarro Olswang LLP, trading as CMS, is a multinational law firm headquartered in London, England.

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CNN

Cable News Network (CNN) is an American basic cable and satellite television news channel and an independent subsidiary of AT&T's WarnerMedia.

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Coca-Cola

Coca-Cola, or Coke (also Pemberton's Cola at certain Georgian vendors), is a carbonated soft drink produced by The Coca-Cola Company.

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Communications in Iran

Iran’s telecommunications industry is almost entirely state-owned, dominated by the Telecommunication Company of Iran (TCI).

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Concession (contract)

A concession or concession agreement is a grant of rights, land or property by a government, local authority, corporation, individual or other legal entity.

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Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran

The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran was adopted by referendum on 2 and 3 December 1979, and went into force replacing the Constitution of 1906.

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Cooperative

A cooperative (also known as co-operative, co-op, or coop) is "an autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social, and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly-owned and democratically-controlled enterprise".

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Copper

Copper is a chemical element with symbol Cu (from cuprum) and atomic number 29.

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Daimler-Benz

Daimler-Benz AG was a German manufacturer of motor vehicles and internal combustion engines, which was founded in 1926.

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Danone

Danone is a French multinational food-products corporation based in Paris and founded in Barcelona, Spain.

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Department of Environment (Iran)

The Iranian Department of Environment is a governmental organization, under the supervision of the president, that is responsible for matters related to safeguarding the environment.

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Dispute resolution

Dispute resolution is the process of resolving disputes between parties.

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Dubai

Dubai (دبي) is the largest and most populous city in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

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East Azerbaijan Province

East Azerbaijan Province (استان آذربایجان شرقی Āzarbāijān-e Sharqi; شرقی آذربایجان اوستانی) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.

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Economist Intelligence Unit

The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) is a British business within the Economist Group providing forecasting and advisory services through research and analysis, such as monthly country reports, five-year country economic forecasts, country risk service reports, and industry reports.

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Economy of Iran

The economy of Iran is a mixed and transition economy with a large public sector.

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Education in Iran

Education in Iran is centralized and divided into K-12 education plus higher education.

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Eilat Ashkelon Pipeline Company

The Eilat Ashkelon Pipeline Company (EAPC) operates several petroleum and petroleum products pipelines in Israel, most notably the Eilat Ashkelon Pipeline.

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Energy in Iran

Energy in Iran describes energy and electricity production, consumption, import and export in Iran.

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Energy superpower

An energy superpower is a country that supplies large amounts of energy resources (crude oil, natural gas, coal, uranium, etc.) to a significant number of other countries, and therefore has the potential to influence world markets to gain a political or economic advantage.

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Eni

Eni S.p.A. is an Italian multinational oil and gas company headquartered in Rome.

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Environmental issue

Environmental issues are harmful effects of human activity on the biophysical environment.

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Environmental issues in Iran

Environmental issues in Iran include, especially in urban areas, vehicle emissions, refinery operations, and industrial effluents which contribute to poor air quality.

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Equinor

Equinor ASA (formerly Statoil and StatoilHydro) is a Norwegian multinational energy company headquartered in Stavanger, Norway.

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EU-Iran Forum

Europe-Iran Forum is a series of events originally hosted by the Development Institute Paris, BHB Emissary and European Voice magazine in 2014.

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Eurodif

Eurodif, which means European Gaseous Diffusion Uranium Enrichment Consortium, is a subsidiary of the French company AREVA, which operates a uranium enrichment plant established at the Tricastin Nuclear Power Center in Pierrelatte in Drôme.

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Europe

Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.

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Fars Province

Pars Province (استان پارس, Ostān-e Pārs) also known as Fars (Persian: فارس) or Persia in the Greek sources in historical context, is one of the thirty-one provinces of Iran and known as the cultural capital of the country.

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Foreign agent

A foreign agent is anyone who actively carries out the interests of a foreign country while located in another host country, generally outside the protections offered to those working in their official capacity for a diplomatic mission.

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Foreign direct investment

A foreign direct investment (FDI) is an investment in the form of a controlling ownership in a business in one country by an entity based in another country.

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Foreign direct investment in Iran

Foreign direct investment in Iran (FDI) has been hindered by unfavorable or complex operating requirements and by international sanctions, although in the early 2000s the Iranian government liberalized investment regulations.

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Foreign exchange market

The foreign exchange market (Forex, FX, or currency market) is a global decentralized or over-the-counter (OTC) market for the trading of currencies.

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Foreign portfolio investment

A portfolio investment is a grouping of assets such as stocks, bonds, and cash equivalents.

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Foreign relations of Iran

Foreign relations of Iran refers to inter-governmental relationships between the Islamic Republic of Iran and other countries.

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Free-trade zone

A free-trade zone (FTZ) is a specific class of special economic zone.

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Gas

Gas is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being solid, liquid, and plasma).

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Gazprom

Public Joint Stock Company Gazprom (Публи́чное акционе́рное о́бщество «Газпром», Publichnoe Aktsionernoe Obshchestvo Gazprom, abbreviated PAO Gazprom, ПАО «Газпром») is a large Russian company founded in 1989, which carries on the business of extraction, production, transport, and sale of natural gas.

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General Motors

General Motors Company, commonly referred to as General Motors (GM), is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Detroit that designs, manufactures, markets, and distributes vehicles and vehicle parts, and sells financial services.

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General partnership

A general partnership, the basic form of partnership under common law, is in most countries an association of persons or an unincorporated company with the following major features.

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Geography of Iran

Geographically, Iran is located in West Asia and borders the Caspian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Gulf of Oman.

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Germany

Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.

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Gilan Province

Gilan Province (اُستان گیلان, Ostān-e Gīlān, also Latinized as Guilan) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.

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Global Competitiveness Report

The Global Competitiveness Report (GCR) is a yearly report published by the World Economic Forum.

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Goldman Sachs

The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. is an American multinational investment bank and financial services company headquartered in New York City.

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Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran

The Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Neẓām-e jomhūrī-e eslāmi-e Irān, known simply as Neẓām (lit) among its supporters, and "the regime" among its dissidents) is the ruling state and current political system in Iran, in power since the revolution and fall of Pahlavi dynasty in 1979.

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Hewlett-Packard

The Hewlett-Packard Company (commonly referred to as HP) or shortened to Hewlett-Packard was an American multinational information technology company headquartered in Palo Alto, California.

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IDRO Group

The Industrial Development & Renovation Organization of Iran (IDRO) known as IDRO Group was established in 1967 in Iran.

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IMIDRO

Iranian Mines & Mining Industries Development & Renovation, known as IMIDRO, is a major state-owned holding company active in the mining sector in Iran.

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Industry of Iran

According to a report by The Economist, Iran has been ranked 39th for producing $23 billion of industrial products in 2008.

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International arbitration

International arbitration is arbitration between companies or individuals in different states, usually by including a provision for future disputes in a contract.

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Investment promotion agency

An investment promotion agency (IPA) is most often a government agency (or occasionally a non-profit organization functioning similar to a chamber of commerce or business consulting corporation) whose mission is to attract investment to a country, state, region or city.

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Iran

Iran (ایران), also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. With over 81 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 18th-most-populous country. Comprising a land area of, it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 17th-largest in the world. Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan, to the north by the Caspian Sea, to the northeast by Turkmenistan, to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, give it geostrategic importance. Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic and cultural center. Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE. It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE, reaching its greatest territorial size in the sixth century BCE, when Cyrus the Great founded the Achaemenid Empire, which stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley, becoming one of the largest empires in history. The Iranian realm fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states. An Iranian rebellion culminated in the establishment of the Parthian Empire, which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire, a leading world power for the next four centuries. Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE, displacing the indigenous faiths of Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism with Islam. Iran made major contributions to the Islamic Golden Age that followed, producing many influential figures in art and science. After two centuries, a period of various native Muslim dynasties began, which were later conquered by the Turks and the Mongols. The rise of the Safavids in the 15th century led to the reestablishment of a unified Iranian state and national identity, with the country's conversion to Shia Islam marking a turning point in Iranian and Muslim history. Under Nader Shah, Iran was one of the most powerful states in the 18th century, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the Russian Empire led to significant territorial losses. Popular unrest led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy and the country's first legislature. A 1953 coup instigated by the United Kingdom and the United States resulted in greater autocracy and growing anti-Western resentment. Subsequent unrest against foreign influence and political repression led to the 1979 Revolution and the establishment of an Islamic republic, a political system that includes elements of a parliamentary democracy vetted and supervised by a theocracy governed by an autocratic "Supreme Leader". During the 1980s, the country was engaged in a war with Iraq, which lasted for almost nine years and resulted in a high number of casualties and economic losses for both sides. According to international reports, Iran's human rights record is exceptionally poor. The regime in Iran is undemocratic, and has frequently persecuted and arrested critics of the government and its Supreme Leader. Women's rights in Iran are described as seriously inadequate, and children's rights have been severely violated, with more child offenders being executed in Iran than in any other country in the world. Since the 2000s, Iran's controversial nuclear program has raised concerns, which is part of the basis of the international sanctions against the country. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, an agreement reached between Iran and the P5+1, was created on 14 July 2015, aimed to loosen the nuclear sanctions in exchange for Iran's restriction in producing enriched uranium. Iran is a founding member of the UN, ECO, NAM, OIC, and OPEC. It is a major regional and middle power, and its large reserves of fossil fuels – which include the world's largest natural gas supply and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves – exert considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy. The country's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the third-largest number in Asia and eleventh-largest in the world. Iran is a multicultural country comprising numerous ethnic and linguistic groups, the largest being Persians (61%), Azeris (16%), Kurds (10%), and Lurs (6%).

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Iran Chamber of Commerce, Industries, Mines & Agriculture

The Iran Chamber of Commerce, Industries, Mines and Agriculture (ICCIMA) is a non-profit semi-governmental institution, established to facilitate economic growth and development in the country.

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Iran International Exhibitions Company

The Iran International Exhibitions Company (IIEC) oversees and operates all international and specialized exhibitions held in Iran.

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Iran Shipbuilding & Offshore Industries Complex

Iran Shipbuilding & Offshore Industries Complex Co (ISOICO) is an Iranian ship yard, located in the Persian Gulf, Strait of Hormuz lat/lon: 27°03' N, 57°58' E (37 km west Bandar Abbas City), active as shipbuilder and ship-repairer of different types of vessels and offshore structures.

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Iran–Iraq War

The Iran–Iraq War was an armed conflict between Iran and Iraq, beginning on 22 September 1980, when Iraq invaded Iran, and ending on 20 August 1988, when Iran accepted the UN-brokered ceasefire.

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Iranian diaspora

Iranians abroad or Iranian diaspora are Iranian people living outside Iran and their children born abroad.

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Iranian frozen assets

Iranian frozen assets in international accounts are calculated to be worth between $100 billion and $120 billion.

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Iranian labor law

Iranian labor law describes the rules of employment in Iran.

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Iranian nationality law

Iranian nationality law contains principles of both jus sanguinis and jus soli.

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Iranian Revolution

The Iranian Revolution (Enqelāb-e Iran; also known as the Islamic Revolution or the 1979 Revolution), Iran Chamber.

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Joint venture

A joint venture (JV) is a business entity created by two or more parties, generally characterized by shared ownership, shared returns and risks, and shared governance.

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Joint-stock company

A joint-stock company is a business entity in which shares of the company's stock can be bought and sold by shareholders.

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Karaj

Karaj (کرج) is the capital of Alborz Province, Iran, and effectively a suburb of Tehran.

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Kerman Province

Kerman Province (استان کرمان, Ostān-e Kermān) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.

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Khorramshahr

Khorramshahr (خرمشهر, also romanized as Khurramshahr and slightly different spellings; also known in Arabic as المحمرة al-Muḥammarah) is a city in and the capital of Khorramshahr County, Khuzestan Province, Iran.

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Khuzestan Province

Khuzestan Province (استان خوزستان Ostān-e Khūzestān, محافظة خوزستان Muḥāfaẓa Khūzistān) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.

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Kia Motors

Kia Motor Corporation (stylized as KIΛ), headquartered in Seoul, is South Korea's second-largest automobile manufacturer, following the Hyundai Motor Company, with sales of over 3.3 million vehicles in 2015.

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Kish Island

Kish (کیش (Kīsh)) is a resort island in the Persian Gulf off the southern coast of Iran.

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Letter of credit

A letter of credit (LC), also known as a documentary credit, bankers commercial credit, is a payment mechanism used in international trade to perform the same economic function as a guarantee, by allocating risk undertaken by contracting parties.

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LG Corporation

LG Corporation (Korean: 주식회사 LG), formerly Lucky-GoldStar (Korean: Leogki Geumseong 럭키금성/樂喜金星), is a South Korean multinational conglomerate corporation.

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Liberalization

Liberalization (or liberalisation) is a general term for any process whereby a state lifts restrictions on some private individual activities.

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Limited liability company

A limited liability company (LLC) is the United States of America-specific form of a private limited company.

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Limited partnership

A limited partnership (LP) is a form of partnership similar to a general partnership except that while a general partnership must have at least two general partners (GPs), a limited partnership must have at least one GP and at least one limited partner.

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List of companies of Iran

This is a list of notable companies based in Iran.

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List of law firms

Numerous current and former law firms are notable.

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List of power stations in Iran

By 2012, Iran had roughly 400 power plant units.

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Maku, Iran

Maku (ماكو, ماكي - Makı; also Romanized as Mākū) is a city in the West Azerbaijan Province, Iran & the capital of Maku County.

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Mazandaran Province

Mazandaran Province, (استان مازندران Ostān-e Māzandarān/Ostân-e Mâzandarân), is an Iranian province located along the southern coast of the Caspian Sea and in the adjacent Central Alborz mountain range, in central-northern Iran.

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Medication

A medication (also referred to as medicine, pharmaceutical drug, or simply drug) is a drug used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease.

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MENA

MENA is an English-language acronym referring to the Middle East and North Africa region.

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Microsoft

Microsoft Corporation (abbreviated as MS) is an American multinational technology company with headquarters in Redmond, Washington.

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Mining

Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, usually from an orebody, lode, vein, seam, reef or placer deposit.

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Mining in Iran

Mining in Iran is underdeveloped, yet the country is one of the most important mineral producers in the world, ranked among 15 major mineral-rich countries, holding some 68 types of minerals, 37 billion tonnes of proven reserves and more than 57 billion tonnes of potential reserves worth $770 billion in 2014.

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Ministry of Commerce (Iran)

The Ministry of Commerce of Iran was the main organ of the Government in charge of the regulation and implementation of policies applicable to domestic and foreign trade.

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Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance (Iran)

The Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance's functions are.

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Ministry of Industry, Mine and Trade

The Ministry of Industry, Mine and Trade (وزارت صنعت، معدن و تجارت) is an Iranian government body responsible for regulation and implementation of policies applicable to domestic and foreign trade and also regulation and implementation of policies applicable to industrial and mine sectors that formed on 3 August 2011.

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Ministry of Petroleum (Iran)

The Ministry of Petroleum (MOP) (وزارت نفت Vezârat-e Naft) manages the oil industry, the producer of oil and petrochemical products.

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Monopoly

A monopoly (from Greek μόνος mónos and πωλεῖν pōleîn) exists when a specific person or enterprise is the only supplier of a particular commodity.

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MTN Group

MTN Group Limited, formerly M-Cell, is a South Africa-based multinational mobile telecommunications company, operating in many African, European and Asian countries.

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Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency

The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) is an international financial institution which offers political risk insurance and credit enhancement guarantees.

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Multinational corporation

A multinational corporation (MNC) or worldwide enterprise is a corporate organization that owns or controls production of goods or services in at least one country other than its home country.

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Naftiran Intertrade

Naftiran Intertrade Company Sàrl (NICO) is a Swiss-based subsidiary of the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC).

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National Development Fund of Iran

The National Development Fund of Iran (NDFI) (صندوق توسعه ملی) is Iran's sovereign wealth fund.

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National Foreign Trade Council

Founded in 1914, the National Foreign Trade Council (NFTC) is an American trade association advocating an open, rules-based international trade system.

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National Iranian Oil Company

The National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC; شرکت ملّی نفت ایران Sherkat-e Melli-ye Naft-e Īrān), a government-owned corporation under the direction of the Ministry of Petroleum of Iran, is a national oil and natural gas producer and distributor headquartered in Tehran.

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National Petrochemical Company

The National Petrochemical Company (NPC) (شرکت ملی صنایع پتروشیمی), a subsidiary to the Iranian Petroleum Ministry, is owned by the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Nationalization

Nationalization (or nationalisation) is the process of transforming private assets into public assets by bringing them under the public ownership of a national government or state.

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Nestlé

Nestlé S.A. is a Swiss transnational food and drink company headquartered in Vevey, Vaud, Switzerland.

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Net worth

Net worth is the value of all the non-financial and financial assets owned by an institutional unit or sector minus the value of all its outstanding liabilities.

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Next Eleven

The Next Eleven (known also by the numeronym N-11) are the eleven countries – Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, the Philippines, Turkey, South Korea and Vietnam – identified by Goldman Sachs investment banker and economist Jim O'Neill in a research paper as having a high potential of becoming, along with the BRICS countries, among the world's largest economies in the 21st century.

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Nissan

, usually shortened to Nissan (or; Japanese), is a Japanese multinational automobile manufacturer headquartered in Nishi-ku, Yokohama.

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Nuclear program of Iran

The nuclear program of Iran has included several research sites, two uranium mines, a research reactor, and uranium processing facilities that include three known uranium enrichment plants.

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Oil reserves

Oil reserves denote the amount of crude oil that can be technically recovered at a cost that is financially feasible at the present price of oil.

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OPEC

The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC,, or OPEP in several other languages) is an intergovernmental organization of nations, founded in 1960 in Baghdad by the first five members (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela), and headquartered since 1965 in Vienna, Austria.

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Payam Air

Payam Air is a cargo airline based in Tehran, Iran.

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Pepsi

Pepsi is a carbonated soft drink produced and manufactured by PepsiCo.

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Persian Gulf

The Persian Gulf (lit), (الخليج الفارسي) is a mediterranean sea in Western Asia.

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Petrochemical

Petrochemicals (also known as petroleum distillates) are chemical products derived from petroleum.

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Petroleum industry in Iran

For the economic effects refer to Economy of Iran. Iran is an energy superpower and the Petroleum industry in Iran plays an important part in it.

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Peugeot

Peugeot is a French automotive manufacturer, part of Groupe PSA.

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Press TV

Press TV (stylised as PRESSTV) is a 24-hour English- and French-language news and documentary network affiliated with Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB).

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Privately held company

A privately held company, private company, or close corporation is a business company owned either by non-governmental organizations or by a relatively small number of shareholders or company members which does not offer or trade its company stock (shares) to the general public on the stock market exchanges, but rather the company's stock is offered, owned and traded or exchanged privately.

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Privatization in Iran

--> According to the Fourth Five-Year Economic Development Plan (2005–2010), the Privatization Organization of Iran affiliated with the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance is in charge of setting prices and ceding shares to the general public and on the Tehran Stock Exchange.

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Production sharing agreement

Production sharing agreements (PSAs) are a common type of contract signed between a government and a resource extraction company (or group of companies) concerning how much of the resource (usually oil) extracted from the country each will receive.

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Project finance

Project finance is the long-term financing of infrastructure and industrial projects based upon the projected cash flows of the project rather than the balance sheets of its sponsors.

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Public company

A public company, publicly traded company, publicly held company, publicly listed company, or public corporation is a corporation whose ownership is dispersed among the general public in many shares of stock which are freely traded on a stock exchange or in over the counter markets.

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Qeshm Island

Qeshm (قشم), formerly also known as Kishm, is an Iranian island in the Strait of Hormuz, separated from the mainland by the Clarence Strait/Khuran in the Persian Gulf.

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Real estate

Real estate is "property consisting of land and the buildings on it, along with its natural resources such as crops, minerals or water; immovable property of this nature; an interest vested in this (also) an item of real property, (more generally) buildings or housing in general.

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Renault

Groupe Renault is a French multinational automobile manufacturer established in 1899.

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Representative office

A representative office is an office established by a company or a legal entity to conduct marketing and other non-transactional operations, generally in a foreign country where a branch office or subsidiary is not warranted.

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Russia

Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

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Samsung

Samsung is a South Korean multinational conglomerate headquartered in Samsung Town, Seoul.

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Sanctions against Iran

Following the Iranian Revolution of 1979 and the resulting hostage crisis, the United States imposed an asset freeze and trade embargo against Iran.

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Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a sovereign Arab state in Western Asia constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula.

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Shah Deniz gas field

Shah Deniz gas field is the largest natural gas field in Azerbaijan.

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Shell Canada

Shell Canada Limited (Shell Canada Limitée) is the subsidiary of Anglo-Dutch Royal Dutch Shell and one of Canada's largest integrated oil companies.

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Shiraz

Shiraz (fa, Šīrāz) is the fifth-most-populous city of Iran and the capital of Fars Province (Old Persian as Pars).

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Siemens

Siemens AG is a German conglomerate company headquartered in Berlin and Munich and the largest industrial manufacturing company in Europe with branch offices abroad.

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Sovereign wealth fund

A sovereign wealth fund (SWF) or sovereign investment fund is a state-owned investment fund that invests in real and financial assets such as stocks, bonds, real estate, precious metals, or in alternative investments such as private equity fund or hedge funds.

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Special economic zone

A special economic zone (SEZ) is an area in which business and trade laws are different from the rest of the country.

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Switzerland

Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a sovereign state in Europe.

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Tata Steel

Tata Steel Limited (formerly Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited (TISCO)) is an Indian multinational steel-making company headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, and a subsidiary of the Tata Group.

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Taxation in Iran

The fiscal year begins on March 21 and ends on March 20 of the next year according to Iranian calendar.

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Technology transfer

Technology transfer, also called transfer of technology (TOT), is the process of transferring (disseminating) technology from the places and ingroups of its origination to wider distribution among more people and places.

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Tehran

Tehran (تهران) is the capital of Iran and Tehran Province.

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Tehran Imam Khomeini International Airport

Tehran Imam Khomeini International Airport (فرودگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی), is the primary international airport of Tehran, the capital city of Iran, located 30 kilometers southwest of Tehran, near the localities of Robat Karim and Eslamshahr and spread over an area of 13,500 hectares of land.

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Tehran Province

Tehran Province (استان تهران Ostān-e Tehrān) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.

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Tehran Stock Exchange

The Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) (بورس اوراق بهادار تهران) is Iran's largest stock exchange, which first opened in 1967.

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Telecommunication

Telecommunication is the transmission of signs, signals, messages, words, writings, images and sounds or information of any nature by wire, radio, optical or other electromagnetic systems.

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Tertiary sector of the economy

The tertiary sector or service sector is the third of the three economic sectors of the three-sector theory.

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The Economist

The Economist is an English-language weekly magazine-format newspaper owned by the Economist Group and edited at offices in London.

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The Wall Street Journal

The Wall Street Journal is a U.S. business-focused, English-language international daily newspaper based in New York City.

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The World Factbook

The World Factbook, also known as the CIA World Factbook, is a reference resource produced by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) with almanac-style information about the countries of the world.

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ThyssenKrupp

thyssenkrupp AG is a German multinational conglomerate with focus on industrial engineering and steel production.

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Total S.A.

Total S.A. is a French multinational integrated oil and gas company and one of the seven "Supermajor" oil companies in the world.

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Tourism in Iran

Tourism in Iran is diverse, providing a range of activities from hiking and skiing in the Alborz and Zagros mountains, to beach holidays by the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea, but the main reason that tourist visit Iran is because of Iran Cultural and Iran History and places such as Persepolis, Naghsh-e Rosta, Naghshe Jahan and other places in Iran also we have near 22 World Cultural Heritage.

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Transport in Iran

Iran has a long paved road system linking most of its towns and all of its cities.

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Turkey

Turkey (Türkiye), officially the Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe.

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United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) was established in 1964 as a permanent intergovernmental body.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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United States sanctions against Iran

United States sanctions against Iran refer to economic, trade, scientific and military sanctions against Iran, which have been imposed by the U.S. Office of Foreign Assets Control, or by the international community under U.S. pressure through the United Nations Security Council.

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Usance

Usance refers to the utilization of economic goods to satisfy needs.

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West Azerbaijan Province

West Azerbaijan Province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.

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World Economic Forum

The World Economic Forum (WEF) is a Swiss nonprofit foundation, based in Cologny, Geneva, Switzerland.

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Yazd

Yazd (یزد), formerly also known as Yezd, is the capital of Yazd Province, Iran.

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Redirects here:

Buyback contract, Foreign Direct Investment in Iran, Foreign direct investment in iran, Free trade zones in Iran.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment_in_Iran

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