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Francis Poulenc

Index Francis Poulenc

Francis Jean Marcel Poulenc (7 January 189930 January 1963) was a French composer and pianist. [1]

267 relations: A cappella, Actes Sud, Adrienne Monnier, Alan Blyth, Alban Berg, Aldeburgh Festival, Alfred Cortot, Alsace, André Messager, André Previn, Anton Rubinstein, Anton Webern, Arnold Schoenberg, Arthur Honegger, Arthur Rubinstein, Aubade (Poulenc), Aveyron, École normale supérieure (Paris), Édith Piaf, Bali, Banalités (Poulenc), Baritone, Baroque music, Battle of France, BBC, BBC Radio 3, Benjamin Britten, Bordeaux, Boston Symphony Orchestra, Bourgeoisie, Brive-la-Gaillarde, Camille Saint-Saëns, Cantata, Carnegie Hall, Casa Ricordi, Cello Sonata (Poulenc), Chamber music, Chandos Records, Charles Dutoit, Charles Gounod, Charles Koechlin, Charles Munch (conductor), Christian Bérard, Chromaticism, Church of Saint-Sulpice, Paris, Claire Croiza, Clarinet Sonata (Poulenc), Claude Debussy, Claudio Monteverdi, Columbia Graphophone Company, ..., Concert champêtre, Concerto for Two Pianos and Orchestra (Poulenc), Cornet, Darius Milhaud, Decca Records, Denise Duval, Dennis Brain, Departments of France, Dialogues of the Carmelites, Diatonic and chromatic, Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, Edward Elgar, El retablo de maese Pedro, EMI Classics, Emil Gilels, Emmanuel Chabrier, Emmet Lavery, Enigma Variations, Erik Satie, Ernest Newman, Espalion, Eugene Ormandy, Falsetto, Fanfare, Farce, Fayard, Fête galante, Federico García Lorca, Felix Mendelssohn, Fiançailles pour rire, Figure humaine, Flâneur, Flute Sonata (Poulenc), François de Malherbe, Franco-Prussian War, Franz Schubert, Frédéric Chopin, French Army in World War I, French Resistance, Gabriel Fauré, Gabriel Tacchino, Gamelan, Gérard Souzay, Geoffrey Bush, Georges Auric, Georges Bernanos, Georges Prêtre, Germaine Tailleferre, German military administration in occupied France during World War II, Gertrud von Le Fort, Gilbert Vinter, Giuseppe Verdi, Gloria (Poulenc), Graham Johnson (musician), Gramophone (magazine), Gregorian chant, Guillaume Apollinaire, Harpsichord, Henri Collet, Henri Hell, Hyperion Records, Igor Stravinsky, Intermezzo, Jacques Février, Jane Bathori, Jardin du Luxembourg, Jean Anouilh, Jean Cocteau, Jean-Michel Nectoux, Jean-Pierre Rampal, Jeremy Sams, Jeux, Johann Sebastian Bach, John Field (composer), L'Album des Six, L'Haÿ-les-Roses, L'Histoire de Babar, le petit éléphant, La Bonne Chanson (Fauré), La Scala, La voix humaine, Le Marteau sans maître, Lennox Berkeley, Leonard Bernstein, Leopold Stokowski, Les Animaux modèles, Les biches, Les Chemins de l'amour, Les mamelles de Tirésias, Les mariés de la tour Eiffel, Les Six, List of compositions by Francis Poulenc, Litanies à la Vierge Noire, London Philharmonic Orchestra, Lorraine, Louis Aragon, Louis Durey, Louise Lévêque de Vilmorin, Lung cancer, Lycée Condorcet, Manuel de Falla, Marcel Dupré, March (music), Margaret of Cortona, Maria Callas, Martyrs of Compiègne, Mass in G major (Poulenc), Maurice Ravel, Max Jacob, Mélodie, Mezzo-soprano, Milan, Modest Mussorgsky, Monodrama, Montparnasse, Movement (music), Music & Letters, National Front (French Resistance), National Gallery, Naxos Records, Ned Rorem, Nicolai Gedda, Noël Coward, Nocturne, Noizay, Oboe Sonata (Poulenc), Olivier Cazal, Olivier Messiaen, Opéra bouffe, Opéra-Comique, Orchestration, Orchestre symphonique de Paris, Organ Concerto (Poulenc), Oxford English Dictionary, Paris Opera, Pascal Rogé, Paul Éluard, Paul Crossley, Paul Hindemith, Paul Landormy, Père Lachaise Cemetery, Perpetuum mobile, Peter Grimes, Peter Pears, Phonograph, Piano Concerto (Poulenc), Piano Suite (Poulenc), Pierre Bernac, Pierre Boulez, Pierre Fournier, Pierre Fresnay, Pierre Monteux, Pierre-Octave Ferroud, Pleurisy, Poulenc Frères, Purgatory, Quatre motets pour un temps de pénitence, Rapsodie nègre, Régine Crespin, Reginald Kell, Renaud Machart, René Leibowitz, Requiem, Rhapsody (music), Rhône-Poulenc, Ricardo Viñes, Richard Chanlaire, Richard Wagner, Robert Orledge, Robert Schumann, Robert Shaw (conductor), Rocamadour, Roger Nichols (musical scholar), Romantic music, Royal Albert Hall, Saint-Martin-sur-le-Pré, Salle Huyghens, Second Viennese School, Sept répons des ténèbres, Sergei Diaghilev, Sextet (Poulenc), Sinfonietta (Poulenc), Soirées de Nazelles, Sonata for clarinet and bassoon, Song cycle, Sony Pictures Classics, Soprano, Stabat Mater (Poulenc), Suite française (Poulenc), Symphonic poem, Tenebrae, Tessitura, The Guardian, The Human Voice, The Music of Francis Poulenc, The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, The Rite of Spring, The Times, Tiresias, Tone row, Trio for oboe, bassoon and piano, Trois mouvements perpétuels, Trois novelettes (Poulenc), Twelve-tone technique, Variations sur le nom de Marguerite Long, Vincennes, Violin Sonata (Poulenc), Waltz (music), Wanda Landowska, Western Front (World War I), Wigmore Hall, William Mann (critic), Winterreise, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Yehudi Menuhin, Yvonne Gouverné, Yvonne Printemps, 8th arrondissement of Paris. Expand index (217 more) »

A cappella

A cappella (Italian for "in the manner of the chapel") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way.

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Actes Sud

Actes Sud is a French publishing house based in Arles.

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Adrienne Monnier

Adrienne Monnier (26 April 1892 – 19 June 1955) was a French bookseller, writer, and publisher, and an influential figure in the modernist writing scene in Paris in the 1920s and 1930s.

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Alan Blyth

Geoffrey Alan Blyth (27 July 1929, London – 14 August 2007, Lavenham) was an English music critic, author, and musicologist who was particularly known for his writings within the field of opera.

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Alban Berg

Alban Maria Johannes Berg (February 9, 1885 – December 24, 1935) was an Austrian composer of the Second Viennese School.

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Aldeburgh Festival

The Aldeburgh Festival of Music and the Arts is an English arts festival devoted mainly to classical music.

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Alfred Cortot

Alfred Denis Cortot (26 September 187715 June 1962) was a Franco-Swiss pianist and conductor who was one of the most renowned classical musicians of the 20th century.

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Alsace

Alsace (Alsatian: ’s Elsass; German: Elsass; Alsatia) is a cultural and historical region in eastern France, on the west bank of the upper Rhine next to Germany and Switzerland.

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André Messager

André Charles Prosper Messager (30 December 1853 – 24 February 1929) was a French composer, organist, pianist and conductor.

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André Previn

André George Previn, KBE (born Andreas Ludwig Priwin; April 6, 1929) is a German-American pianist, conductor, and composer.

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Anton Rubinstein

Anton Grigorevich Rubinstein (r) was a Russian pianist, composer and conductor who became a pivotal figure in Russian culture when he founded the Saint Petersburg Conservatory.

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Anton Webern

Anton Friedrich Wilhelm (von) Webern (3 December 188315 September 1945) was an Austrian composer and conductor.

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Arnold Schoenberg

Arnold Franz Walter Schoenberg or Schönberg (13 September 187413 July 1951) was an Austrian-American composer, music theorist, teacher, writer, and painter.

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Arthur Honegger

Arthur Honegger (10 March 1892 – 27 November 1955) was a Swiss composer, who was born in France and lived a large part of his life in Paris.

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Arthur Rubinstein

Arthur Rubinstein (Artur Rubinstein; 28 January 188720 December 1982) was a Polish American classical pianist.

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Aubade (Poulenc)

Aubade (FR 051a, and FP051b for the piano reduction), a choreographic concerto for piano and 18 instruments, is a work of Francis Poulenc premiered in 1929.

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Aveyron

Aveyron (Avairon) is a department located in the north of the Occitanie region of southern France named after the Aveyron River.

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École normale supérieure (Paris)

The École normale supérieure (also known as Normale sup', Ulm, ENS Paris, l'École and most often just as ENS) is one of the most selective and prestigious French grandes écoles (higher education establishment outside the framework of the public university system) and a constituent college of Université PSL.

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Édith Piaf

Édith Piaf (19 December 1915 – 10 October 1963; nee Édith Giovanna Gassion) was a French singer, songwriter, cabaret performer and film actress noted as France's national chanteuse and one of the country's most widely known international stars.

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Bali

Bali (Balinese:, Indonesian: Pulau Bali, Provinsi Bali) is an island and province of Indonesia with the biggest Hindu population.

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Banalités (Poulenc)

Banalités (FP 107) is a set of five mélodies for voice and piano composed by Francis Poulenc in 1940 on poems by Guillaume Apollinaire (1880–1918).

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Baritone

A baritone is a type of classical male singing voice whose vocal range lies between the bass and the tenor voice types.

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Baroque music

Baroque music is a style of Western art music composed from approximately 1600 to 1750.

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Battle of France

The Battle of France, also known as the Fall of France, was the German invasion of France and the Low Countries during the Second World War.

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BBC

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster.

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BBC Radio 3

BBC Radio 3 is a British radio station operated by the BBC.

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Benjamin Britten

Edward Benjamin Britten, Baron Britten of Aldeburgh (22 November 1913 – 4 December 1976) was an English composer, conductor and pianist.

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Bordeaux

Bordeaux (Gascon Occitan: Bordèu) is a port city on the Garonne in the Gironde department in Southwestern France.

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Boston Symphony Orchestra

The Boston Symphony Orchestra (BSO) is an American orchestra based in Boston, Massachusetts.

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Bourgeoisie

The bourgeoisie is a polysemous French term that can mean.

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Brive-la-Gaillarde

Brive-la-Gaillarde (Limousin dialect of Occitan language: Briva la Galharda) is a commune of France.

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Camille Saint-Saëns

Charles-Camille Saint-Saëns (9 October 183516 December 1921) was a French composer, organist, conductor and pianist of the Romantic era.

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Cantata

A cantata (literally "sung", past participle feminine singular of the Italian verb cantare, "to sing") is a vocal composition with an instrumental accompaniment, typically in several movements, often involving a choir.

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Carnegie Hall

Carnegie Hall (but more commonly) is a concert venue in Midtown Manhattan in New York City, United States, located at 881 Seventh Avenue, occupying the east side of Seventh Avenue between West 56th Street and West 57th Street, two blocks south of Central Park.

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Casa Ricordi

Casa Ricordi is a publisher of primarily classical music and opera.

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Cello Sonata (Poulenc)

Francis Poulenc completed his Sonate pour violoncelle et piano (Cello Sonata), FP 143, in 1948.

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Chamber music

Chamber music is a form of classical music that is composed for a small group of instruments—traditionally a group that could fit in a palace chamber or a large room.

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Chandos Records

Chandos Records is a British independent classical music recording company based in Colchester.

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Charles Dutoit

Charles Édouard Dutoit (born 7 October 1936) is a Swiss conductor.

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Charles Gounod

Charles-François Gounod (17 June 181817 or 18 October 1893) was a French composer, best known for his Ave Maria, based on a work by Bach, as well as his opera Faust.

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Charles Koechlin

Charles Koechlin, baptized Charles-Louis-Eugène Koechlin (27 November 186731 December 1950), was a French composer, teacher and writer on music.

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Charles Munch (conductor)

Charles Munch (born Charles Münch; 26 September 1891 – 6 November 1968) was an Alsacian, German-born symphonic conductor and violinist.

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Christian Bérard

Christian Bérard (20 August 1902, Paris – 11 February 1949), also known as Bébé, was a French artist, fashion illustrator and designer.

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Chromaticism

Chromaticism is a compositional technique interspersing the primary diatonic pitches and chords with other pitches of the chromatic scale.

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Church of Saint-Sulpice, Paris

Saint-Sulpice is a Roman Catholic church in Paris, France, on the east side of the Place Saint-Sulpice within the rue Bonaparte, in the Odéon Quarter of the 6th arrondissement.

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Claire Croiza

Claire Croiza (14 September 1882 – 27 May 1946) was a French mezzo-soprano and an influential teacher of singers.

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Clarinet Sonata (Poulenc)

The Sonate pour clarinette et piano (Clarinet Sonata), FP 184, for clarinet in B-flat and piano by Francis Poulenc dates from 1962 and is one of the last pieces he completed.

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Claude Debussy

Achille-Claude Debussy (22 August 1862 – 25 March 1918) was a French composer.

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Claudio Monteverdi

Claudio Giovanni Antonio Monteverdi (15 May 1567 (baptized) – 29 November 1643) was an Italian composer, string player and choirmaster.

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Columbia Graphophone Company

The Columbia Graphophone Company was one of the earliest gramophone companies in the United Kingdom.

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Concert champêtre

Concert champêtre (Pastoral Concerto), FP 49, is a harpsichord concerto by Francis Poulenc, which also exists in a version for piano solo with very slight changes in the solo part.

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Concerto for Two Pianos and Orchestra (Poulenc)

Francis Poulenc's Concerto pour deux pianos (Concerto for Two Pianos and Orchestra) in D minor, FP 61, was commissioned by and dedicated to the Princess Edmond de Polignac and composed over the period of three months in the summer of 1932.

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Cornet

The cornet is a brass instrument similar to the trumpet but distinguished from it by its conical bore, more compact shape, and mellower tone quality.

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Darius Milhaud

Darius Milhaud (4 September 1892 – 22 June 1974) was a French composer, conductor, and teacher.

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Decca Records

Decca Records is a British record label established in 1929 by Edward Lewis.

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Denise Duval

Denise Duval (Paris, 23 October 1921Bex, 25 January 2016) was a French soprano, best known for her performances in the works of Francis Poulenc on stage and in recital.

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Dennis Brain

Dennis Brain (17 May 19211 September 1957) was a British virtuoso horn player who was largely credited for popularizing the horn as a solo classical instrument with the post-war British public.

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Departments of France

In the administrative divisions of France, the department (département) is one of the three levels of government below the national level ("territorial collectivities"), between the administrative regions and the commune.

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Dialogues of the Carmelites

Dialogues des Carmélites (Dialogues of the Carmelites) is a French opera in three acts, divided into twelve scenes with linking orchestral interludes, with music and libretto by Francis Poulenc, completed in 1956.

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Diatonic and chromatic

Diatonic (διατονική) and chromatic (χρωματική) are terms in music theory that are most often used to characterize scales, and are also applied to musical instruments, intervals, chords, notes, musical styles, and kinds of harmony.

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Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau

Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau (28 May 1925 – 18 May 2012) was a German lyric baritone and conductor of classical music, one of the most famous Lieder (art song) performers of the post-war period, best known as a singer of Franz Schubert's Lieder, particularly "Winterreise" of which his recordings with accompanist Gerald Moore and Jörg Demus are still critically acclaimed half a century after their release.

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Edward Elgar

Sir Edward William Elgar, 1st Baronet (2 June 1857 – 23 February 1934) was an English composer, many of whose works have entered the British and international classical concert repertoire.

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El retablo de maese Pedro

(Master Peter's Puppet Show) is a puppet-opera in one act with a prologue and epilogue, composed by Manuel de Falla to a Spanish libretto based on an episode from Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes.

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EMI Classics

EMI Classics was a record label founded by EMI in 1990 in order to reduce the need to create country-specific packaging and catalogs for internationally distributed classical music releases.

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Emil Gilels

Emil Grigoryevich Gilels (sometimes transliterated Hilels; Емі́ль Григо́рович Гі́лельс, Эми́ль Григо́рьевич Ги́лельс, Emiľ Grigorievič Gileľs; 19 October 1916 – 14 October 1985), HSL, PAU, was a Soviet pianist, widely regarded as one of the greatest pianists of the twentieth century.

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Emmanuel Chabrier

Alexis Emmanuel Chabrier (January 18, 1841September 13, 1894) was a French Romantic composer and pianist.

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Emmet Lavery

Emmet Godfrey Lavery (November 8, 1902 – January 1, 1986) was an American playwright and screenwriter.

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Enigma Variations

Edward Elgar composed his Variations on an Original Theme, Op. 36, popularly known as the Enigma Variations, between October 1898 and February 1899.

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Erik Satie

Éric Alfred Leslie Satie (17 May 18661 July 1925), who signed his name Erik Satie after 1884, was a French composer and pianist.

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Ernest Newman

Ernest Newman (30 November 1868 – 7 July 1959) was an English music critic and musicologist.

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Espalion

Espalion (Espaliu) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

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Eugene Ormandy

Eugene Ormandy (born Jenő Blau; November 18, 1899 – March 12, 1985) was an Hungarian-American conductor and violinist, best known for his association with the Philadelphia Orchestra, as its music director.

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Falsetto

Falsetto (Italian diminutive of falso, "false") is the vocal register occupying the frequency range just above the modal voice register and overlapping with it by approximately one octave.

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Fanfare

A fanfare (or fanfarade or flourish) is a short musical flourish that is typically played by trumpets or other brass instruments, often accompanied by percussion.

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Farce

In theatre, a farce is a comedy that aims at entertaining the audience through situations that are highly exaggerated, extravagant, and thus improbable.

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Fayard

Fayard (complete name: Librairie Arthème Fayard) is a French Paris-based publishing house established in 1857.

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Fête galante

Fête galante (courtship party) is a term referring to a category of painting specially created by the French Academy in 1717 to describe Antoine Watteau's (1684–1721) variations on the theme of the fête champêtre which featured figures in ball dress or masquerade costumes disporting themselves amorously in parkland settings.

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Federico García Lorca

Federico del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús García Lorca, known as Federico García Lorca (5 June 1898 – 19 August 1936) was a Spanish poet, playwright, and theatre director.

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Felix Mendelssohn

Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (3 February 1809 4 November 1847), born and widely known as Felix Mendelssohn, was a German composer, pianist, organist and conductor of the early romantic period.

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Fiançailles pour rire

Fiançailles pour rire ("Betrothal for Laughs"), FP 101, is a song cycle of six mélodies for voice and piano by Francis Poulenc on poems from the homonym collection by Louise de Vilmorin.

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Figure humaine

Figure humaine (Human Figure), FP 120, by Francis Poulenc is a cantata for double mixed choir of 12 voices composed in 1943 on texts by Paul Éluard including "'Liberté".

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Flâneur

Flâneur, from the French noun flâneur, means "stroller", "lounger", "saunterer", or "loafer".

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Flute Sonata (Poulenc)

The Sonate pour flûte et piano (Flute Sonata), FP 164, by Francis Poulenc, for flute and piano, was written in 1957.

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François de Malherbe

François de Malherbe (1555 – October 16, 1628) was a French poet, critic, and translator.

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Franco-Prussian War

The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War (Deutsch-Französischer Krieg, Guerre franco-allemande), often referred to in France as the War of 1870 (19 July 1871) or in Germany as 70/71, was a conflict between the Second French Empire of Napoleon III and the German states of the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia.

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Franz Schubert

Franz Peter Schubert (31 January 179719 November 1828) was an Austrian composer of the late Classical and early Romantic eras.

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Frédéric Chopin

Frédéric François Chopin (1 March 181017 October 1849) was a Polish composer and virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era who wrote primarily for solo piano.

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French Army in World War I

This article is about the French Army in World War I. During World War I, France was one of the Triple Entente powers allied against the Central Powers.

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French Resistance

The French Resistance (La Résistance) was the collection of French movements that fought against the Nazi German occupation of France and against the collaborationist Vichy régime during the Second World War.

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Gabriel Fauré

Gabriel Urbain Fauré (12 May 1845 – 4 November 1924) was a French composer, organist, pianist and teacher.

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Gabriel Tacchino

Gabriel Tacchino is one of the premier post-war French classical pianists; he also teaches piano.

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Gamelan

Gamelan is the traditional ensemble music of Java and Bali in Indonesia, made up predominantly of percussive instruments.

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Gérard Souzay

Gérard Souzay (8 December 1918 – 17 August 2004) was a French baritone, regarded as one of the very finest interpreters of mélodie (French art song) in the generation after Charles Panzéra and Pierre Bernac.

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Geoffrey Bush

Geoffrey Bush (23 March 1920 – 24 February 1998) was a British composer, organist and scholar of 20th century English music.

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Georges Auric

Georges Auric (15 February 1899 – 23 July 1983) was a French composer, born in Lodève, Hérault.

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Georges Bernanos

Louis Émile Clément Georges Bernanos (20 February 1888 – 5 July 1948) was a French author, and a soldier in World War I. A Roman Catholic with monarchist leanings, he was critical of bourgeois thought and was opposed to what he identified as defeatism.

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Georges Prêtre

Georges Prêtre (14 August 1924 – 4 January 2017) was a French orchestral and opera conductor.

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Germaine Tailleferre

Marcelle Germaine Tailleferre (19 April 18927 November 1983) was a French composer and the only female member of the group of composers known as Les Six.

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German military administration in occupied France during World War II

The Military Administration in France (Militärverwaltung in Frankreich; Occupation de la France par l'Allemagne) was an interim occupation authority established by Nazi Germany during World War II to administer the occupied zone in areas of northern and western France.

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Gertrud von Le Fort

The Baroness Gertrud von Le Fort (full name Gertrud Auguste Lina Elsbeth Mathilde Petrea Freiin von Le Fort; 11 October 1876 – 1 November 1971) was a German writer of novels, poems and essays.

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Gilbert Vinter

Gilbert Vinter (4 May 1909 – 10 October 1969) was an English conductor and composer, most celebrated for his compositions for brass bands.

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Giuseppe Verdi

Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi (9 or 10 October 1813 – 27 January 1901) was an Italian opera composer.

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Gloria (Poulenc)

The Gloria by Francis Poulenc, FP 177, scored for soprano solo, large orchestra, and chorus, is a setting of the Gloria text from the mass ordinary.

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Graham Johnson (musician)

Graham Johnson OBE (born 10 July 1950) is a British classical pianist and Lieder accompanist.

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Gramophone (magazine)

Gramophone is a magazine published monthly in London devoted to classical music, particularly to reviews of recordings.

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Gregorian chant

Gregorian chant is the central tradition of Western plainchant, a form of monophonic, unaccompanied sacred song of the Roman Catholic Church.

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Guillaume Apollinaire

Guillaume Apollinaire (26 August 1880 – 9 November 1918) was a French poet, playwright, short story writer, novelist, and art critic of Polish descent.

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Harpsichord

A harpsichord is a musical instrument played by means of a keyboard which activates a row of levers that in turn trigger a mechanism that plucks one or more strings with a small plectrum.

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Henri Collet

Henri Collet (November 5, 1885 – November 23, 1951) was a French composer and music critic who lived in Paris.

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Henri Hell

Henri Hell, pseudonym for José Enrique Lasry (1916 – April 1991) was a French art, music and literary critic, as well as a musicologist.

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Hyperion Records

Hyperion Records is an independent British classical record label.

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Igor Stravinsky

Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky (ˈiɡərʲ ˈfʲɵdərəvʲɪtɕ strɐˈvʲinskʲɪj; 6 April 1971) was a Russian-born composer, pianist, and conductor.

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Intermezzo

In music, an intermezzo (plural form: intermezzi), in the most general sense, is a composition which fits between other musical or dramatic entities, such as acts of a play or movements of a larger musical work.

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Jacques Février

Jacques Février (26 July 1900 – 2 September 1979) was a French pianist and teacher.

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Jane Bathori

Jane Bathori (born Jeanne-Marie Berthier, June 14, 1877 – January 25, 1970) was a French mezzo-soprano.

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Jardin du Luxembourg

The Jardin du Luxembourg, also known in English as the Luxembourg Gardens, is located in the 6th arrondissement of Paris, France.

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Jean Anouilh

Jean Marie Lucien Pierre Anouilh (23 June 1910 – 3 October 1987) was a French dramatist whose career spanned five decades.

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Jean Cocteau

Jean Maurice Eugène Clément Cocteau (5 July 1889 – 11 October 1963) was a French poet, writer, designer, playwright, artist and filmmaker.

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Jean-Michel Nectoux

Jean-Michel Nectoux (born 20 November 1946) is a French musicologist, particularly noted as an expert on the life and music of Gabriel Fauré.

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Jean-Pierre Rampal

Jean-Pierre Louis Rampal (7 January 1922 – 20 May 2000) was a French flautist.

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Jeremy Sams

Jeremy Sams (born 12 January 1957, in London, England) is a British theatre director, writer, translator, orchestrator, musical director, film composer, and lyricist.

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Jeux

Jeux (Games) is the last orchestral work by Claude Debussy.

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Johann Sebastian Bach

Johann Sebastian Bach (28 July 1750) was a composer and musician of the Baroque period, born in the Duchy of Saxe-Eisenach.

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John Field (composer)

John Field (26 July 1782, baptised 5 September 178223 January 1837) was an Irish pianist, composer, and teacher.

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L'Album des Six

L'Album des Six (original title: "Album des 6") is a suite of six piano pieces published in 1920 by Eugène Demets, and written by the members of the group of French composers known as Les Six.

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L'Haÿ-les-Roses

L'Haÿ-les-Roses (pronounced) is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France.

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L'Histoire de Babar, le petit éléphant

L'Histoire de Babar, le petit éléphant (The story of Babar, the little elephant), FP 129, is a composition for narrator and piano by Francis Poulenc, based on Histoire de Babar and written from 1940.

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La Bonne Chanson (Fauré)

La Bonne Chanson, Op. 61, by Gabriel Fauré, is a song cycle of nine mélodies for voice and piano.

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La Scala

La Scala (abbreviation in Italian language for the official name Teatro alla Scala) is an opera house in Milan, Italy.

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La voix humaine

La voix humaine (English: The Human Voice) is a forty-minute, one-act opera for soprano and orchestra composed by Francis Poulenc in 1958.

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Le Marteau sans maître

Le Marteau sans maître (The Hammer without a Master) is a composition by French composer Pierre Boulez.

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Lennox Berkeley

Sir Lennox Randal Francis Berkeley (12 May 190326 December 1989) was an English composer.

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Leonard Bernstein

Leonard Bernstein (August 25, 1918 – October 14, 1990) was an American composer, conductor, author, music lecturer, and pianist.

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Leopold Stokowski

Leopold Anthony Stokowski (18 April 188213 September 1977) was an English conductor of Polish and Irish descent.

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Les Animaux modèles

Les Animaux modèles, FP 111, is a ballet score dating from 1940–42 by Francis Poulenc.

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Les biches

Les biches) ("The Hinds" or "The Does") is a one-act ballet to music by Francis Poulenc, choreographed by Bronislava Nijinska and premiered by the Ballets Russes on 6 January 1924 at Monte Carlo. Nijinska danced the central role of the Hostess. The ballet has no story, and depicts the random interactions of a group of mainly young people in a house party on a summer afternoon. The ballet was seen in Paris and London within a year of its premiere, and has been frequently revived there; it was not produced in New York until 1950. Nijinska directed revivals of the ballet for several companies in the four decades after its creation. Les biches, with recreations of Marie Laurencin's original costumes and scenery, remains in the repertoire of the Paris Opera Ballet, the Royal Ballet and other companies. The music has been used for later ballets, although they have not followed Nijinska's in gaining a place in the regular repertoire. The music for the original ballet contains three choral numbers. Poulenc made the choral lines optional when he revised the score in 1939–1940, and the work is usually given with wholly orchestral accompaniment. The composer extracted a five-movement suite from the score, for concert performance. The suite has been recorded for LP and CD from the 1950s onwards.

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Les Chemins de l'amour

"Les Chemins de l’amour" (The pathways of love), FP 106-Ia, is a song (mélodie) for voice and piano composed in 1940 by Francis Poulenc on lyrics by Jean Anouilh, based on a waltz sung from the incidental music of the play Léocadia.

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Les mamelles de Tirésias

Les Mamelles de Tirésias (The Breasts of Tiresias) is an opéra bouffe by Francis Poulenc, in a prologue and two acts based on the eponyme play by Guillaume Apollinaire.

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Les mariés de la tour Eiffel

Les mariés de la tour Eiffel (The Wedding Party on the Eiffel Tower) is a ballet to a libretto by Jean Cocteau, choreography by Jean Börlin, set by, costumes by Jean Hugo, and music by five members of Les Six: Georges Auric, Arthur Honegger, Darius Milhaud, Francis Poulenc and Germaine Tailleferre.

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Les Six

"Les Six" is a name given to a group of six French composers who worked in Montparnasse.

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List of compositions by Francis Poulenc

This is a list of works written by the French composer Francis Poulenc (1899–1963).

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Litanies à la Vierge Noire

Litanies à la Vierge noire (Litany to the Black Virgin), FP 82, is sacred music composed by Francis Poulenc in 1936 for a three-part choir of women (or children) and organ, setting a French litany recited at the pilgrimage site Rocamadour which the composer visited.

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London Philharmonic Orchestra

The London Philharmonic Orchestra (LPO) is one of five permanent symphony orchestras based in London.

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Lorraine

Lorraine (Lorrain: Louréne; Lorraine Franconian: Lottringe; German:; Loutrengen) is a cultural and historical region in north-eastern France, now located in the administrative region of Grand Est.

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Louis Aragon

Louis Aragon (3 October 1897 – 24 December 1982) was a French poet, who was one of the leading voices of the surrealist movement in France, who co-founded with André Breton and Philippe Soupault the surrealist review Littérature.

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Louis Durey

Louis Edmond Durey (27 May 18883 July 1979)Randel, Don Michael (1996).

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Louise Lévêque de Vilmorin

Marie Louise Lévêque de Vilmorin (4 April 1902 – 26 December 1969) was a French novelist, poet and journalist.

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Lung cancer

Lung cancer, also known as lung carcinoma, is a malignant lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung.

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Lycée Condorcet

The Lycée Condorcet is a school founded in 1803 in Paris, France, located at 8, rue du Havre, in the city's 9th arrondissement.

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Manuel de Falla

Manuel de Falla y Matheu (23 November 187614 November 1946) was a Spanish composer.

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Marcel Dupré

Marcel Dupré (3 May 1886 – 30 May 1971) was a French organist, composer, and pedagogue.

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March (music)

A march, as a musical genre, is a piece of music with a strong regular rhythm which in origin was expressly written for marching to and most frequently performed by a military band.

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Margaret of Cortona

Saint Margaret of Cortona, T.O.S.F., (1247 – 22 February 1297) was an Italian penitent of the Third Order of St. Francis ("T.O.S.F.").

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Maria Callas

Maria Callas, Commendatore OMRI (Μαρία Κάλλας; December 2, 1923 – September 16, 1977) was a New York-born Greek soprano, one of the most renowned and influential opera singers of the 20th century.

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Martyrs of Compiègne

The Martyrs of Compiègne were the 16 members of the Carmel of Compiègne, France: 11 Discalced Carmelite nuns, three lay sisters, and two externs (tertiaries of the Order, who would handle the community's needs outside the monastery).

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Mass in G major (Poulenc)

Messe en sol majeur (Mass in G major), FP 89, is a missa brevis by Francis Poulenc.

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Maurice Ravel

Joseph Maurice Ravel (7 March 1875 – 28 December 1937) was a French composer, pianist and conductor.

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Max Jacob

Max Jacob (12 July 1876 – 5 March 1944) was a French poet, painter, writer, and critic.

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Mélodie

A mélodie is a French art song.

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Mezzo-soprano

A mezzo-soprano or mezzo (meaning "half soprano") is a type of classical female singing voice whose vocal range lies between the soprano and the contralto voice types.

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Milan

Milan (Milano; Milan) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city in Italy after Rome, with the city proper having a population of 1,380,873 while its province-level municipality has a population of 3,235,000.

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Modest Mussorgsky

Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky (mɐˈdɛst pʲɪˈtrovʲɪtɕ ˈmusərkskʲɪj; –) was a Russian composer, one of the group known as "The Five".

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Monodrama

A monodrama is a theatrical or operatic piece played by a single actor or singer, usually portraying one character.

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Montparnasse

Montparnasse(French) is an area of Paris, France, on the left bank of the river Seine, centred at the crossroads of the Boulevard du Montparnasse and the Rue de Rennes, between the Rue de Rennes and boulevard Raspail.

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Movement (music)

A movement is a self-contained part of a musical composition or musical form.

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Music & Letters

Music & Letters is an academic journal published quarterly by Oxford University Press with a focus on musicology.

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National Front (French Resistance)

The National Front (Front national or Front national de l'indépendance de la France) was a World War II far left wing French Resistance movement, created in 1941 by Jacques Duclos and Pierre Villon, both members of the French Communist Party (PCF).

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National Gallery

The National Gallery is an art museum in Trafalgar Square in the City of Westminster, in Central London.

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Naxos Records

Naxos Records is a record label specializing in classical music.

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Ned Rorem

Ned Rorem (born October 23, 1923) is an American composer and diarist.

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Nicolai Gedda

Harry Gustaf Nikolai Gädda, known professionally as Nicolai Gedda (11 July 1925 – 8 January 2017), was a Swedish operatic tenor.

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Noël Coward

Sir Noël Peirce Coward (16 December 189926 March 1973) was an English playwright, composer, director, actor and singer, known for his wit, flamboyance, and what Time magazine called "a sense of personal style, a combination of cheek and chic, pose and poise".

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Nocturne

A nocturne (from the French which meant nocturnal, from Latin nocturnus) is usually a musical composition that is inspired by, or evocative of, the night.

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Noizay

Noizay is a commune in the Indre-et-Loire department in central France.

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Oboe Sonata (Poulenc)

The Sonate pour hautbois et piano de Poulenc (Oboe Sonata) FP 185, for oboe and piano by Francis Poulenc dates from 1962.

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Olivier Cazal

Olivier Cazal (born 1962, Toulouse) is a French pianist.

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Olivier Messiaen

Olivier Eugène Prosper Charles Messiaen (December 10, 1908 – April 27, 1992) was a French composer, organist, and ornithologist, one of the major composers of the 20th century.

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Opéra bouffe

Opéra bouffe (plural: opéras bouffes) is a genre of late 19th-century French operetta, closely associated with Jacques Offenbach, who produced many of them at the Théâtre des Bouffes-Parisiens that gave its name to the form.

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Opéra-Comique

The Opéra-Comique is a Parisian opera company, which was founded around 1714 by some of the popular theatres of the Parisian fairs.

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Orchestration

Orchestration is the study or practice of writing music for an orchestra (or, more loosely, for any musical ensemble, such as a concert band) or of adapting music composed for another medium for an orchestra.

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Orchestre symphonique de Paris

The Orchestra Symphonique de Paris (Symphonic Orchestra of Paris) was an orchestra principally active in Paris from 1928 to 1939.

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Organ Concerto (Poulenc)

The Concerto pour orgue, cordes et timbales (Concerto for organ, timpani and strings) in G minor, FP 93, is an organ concerto composed by Francis Poulenc between 1934 and 1938.

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Oxford English Dictionary

The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is the main historical dictionary of the English language, published by the Oxford University Press.

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Paris Opera

The Paris Opera (French) is the primary opera company of France.

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Pascal Rogé

Pascal Rogé (born 6 April 1951) is a French pianist.

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Paul Éluard

Paul Éluard, born Eugène Émile Paul Grindel (14 December 1895 – 18 November 1952), was a French poet and one of the founders of the surrealist movement.

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Paul Crossley

Paul Crossley (born 17 May 1944) is a British pianist.

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Paul Hindemith

Paul Hindemith (16 November 1895 – 28 December 1963) was a prolific German composer, violist, violinist, teacher and conductor.

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Paul Landormy

Paul Charles-René Landormy (3 January 1869 in Issy-les-Moulineaux – 17 November 1943 in Paris) was a French musicologist and music critic.

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Père Lachaise Cemetery

Cemetery (Cimetière du Père-Lachaise,; formerly,, "Cemetery of the East") is the largest cemetery in the city of Paris, although there are larger cemeteries in the city's suburbs.

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Perpetuum mobile

In music, perpetuum mobile (Latin and English pronunciation /pəːˌpɛtjʊəm ˈməʊbɪleɪ, ˈməʊbɪli; literally, "perpetual motion"), moto perpetuo (Italian), mouvement perpétuel (French), movimento perpétuo (Portuguese) movimiento perpetuo (Spanish), carries two distinct meanings: first, as pieces or parts of pieces of music characterised by a continuous stream of notes, usually at a rapid tempo; and also as whole pieces, or large parts of pieces, which are to be played in a repititious fashion, often an indefinite number of times.

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Peter Grimes

Peter Grimes is an opera by Benjamin Britten, with a libretto adapted by Montagu Slater from the narrative poem, "Peter Grimes," in George Crabbe's book The Borough.

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Peter Pears

Sir Peter Neville Luard Pears (22 June 19103 April 1986) was an English tenor.

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Phonograph

The phonograph is a device for the mechanical recording and reproduction of sound.

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Piano Concerto (Poulenc)

The Piano Concerto in C-sharp minor, FP 146, by Francis Poulenc is the last of his five concertos.

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Piano Suite (Poulenc)

The Suite en 3 mouvements in C major, FP 19, is a suite for piano by Francis Poulenc which contains three movements.

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Pierre Bernac

Pierre Bernac (12 January 1899 – 17 October 1979) was a French baryton-martin who became the most renowned interpreter of the French art song, and had a close artistic association with Francis Poulenc.

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Pierre Boulez

Pierre Louis Joseph Boulez CBE (26 March 1925 – 5 January 2016) was a French composer, conductor, writer and founder of institutions.

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Pierre Fournier

Pierre Léon Marie Fournier (24 June 19068 January 1986) was a French cellist who was called the "aristocrat of cellists," on account of his elegant musicianship and majestic sound.

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Pierre Fresnay

Pierre Fresnay (4 April 1897 – 9 January 1975) was a French stage and film actor.

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Pierre Monteux

Pierre Benjamin Monteux (4 April 18751 July 1964) was a French (later American) conductor.

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Pierre-Octave Ferroud

Pierre-Octave Ferroud (6 January 1900 – 17 August 1936)K.S. (2003).

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Pleurisy

Pleurisy, also known as pleuritis, is inflammation of the membranes that surround the lungs and line the chest cavity (pleurae).

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Poulenc Frères

Poulenc Frères (Poulenc Brothers) was a French chemical, pharmaceutical and photographic supplies company that had its origins in a Paris pharmacy founded in 1827.

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Purgatory

In Roman Catholic theology, purgatory (via Anglo-Norman and Old French) is an intermediate state after physical death in which some of those ultimately destined for heaven must first "undergo purification, so as to achieve the holiness necessary to enter the joy of heaven," holding that "certain offenses can be forgiven in this age, but certain others in the age to come." And that entrance into Heaven requires the "remission before God of the temporal punishment due to sins whose guilt has already been forgiven," for which indulgences may be given which remove "either part or all of the temporal punishment due to sin," such as an "unhealthy attachment" to sin.

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Quatre motets pour un temps de pénitence

Quatre motets pour un temps de pénitence (Four Penitential Motets), FP 97, are four sacred motets composed by Francis Poulenc in 1938–39.

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Rapsodie nègre

Rapsodie nègre, FP 3, is a work dating from 1917 by Francis Poulenc for flute, clarinet, string quartet, baritone and piano.

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Régine Crespin

Régine Crespin (23 February 1927 – 5 July 2007) was a French singer who had a major international career in opera and on the concert stage between 1950 and 1989.

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Reginald Kell

Reginald Clifford Kell (8 June 19065 August 1981) was an English clarinettist.

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Renaud Machart

Renaud Machart (born 22 March 1962 in Lannion) is a French journalist, music critic, radio producer and music producer.

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René Leibowitz

René Leibowitz (17 February 1913 – 29 August 1972) was a Polish, later naturalised French, composer, conductor, music theorist and teacher.

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Requiem

A Requiem or Requiem Mass, also known as Mass for the dead (Latin: Missa pro defunctis) or Mass of the dead (Latin: Missa defunctorum), is a Mass in the Catholic Church offered for the repose of the soul or souls of one or more deceased persons, using a particular form of the Roman Missal.

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Rhapsody (music)

A rhapsody in music is a one-movement work that is episodic yet integrated, free-flowing in structure, featuring a range of highly contrasted moods, colour and tonality.

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Rhône-Poulenc

Rhône-Poulenc was a French chemical and pharmaceutical company founded in 1928.

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Ricardo Viñes

Ricardo Viñes y Roda (Ricard Viñes i Roda,; 5 February 1875 – 29 April 1943) was a Spanish pianist.

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Richard Chanlaire

Richard Chanlaire (1896–1973) was a French painter, also known as the first serious lover of the composer Francis Poulenc.

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Richard Wagner

Wilhelm Richard Wagner (22 May 181313 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director, polemicist, and conductor who is chiefly known for his operas (or, as some of his later works were later known, "music dramas").

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Robert Orledge

Robert Orledge (born 5 January 1948) is a British musicologist, and a professor emeritus of the University of Liverpool.

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Robert Schumann

Robert Schumann (8 June 181029 July 1856) was a German composer and an influential music critic.

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Robert Shaw (conductor)

Robert Lawson Shaw (30 April 191625 January 1999) was an American conductor most famous for his work with his namesake Chorale, with the Cleveland Orchestra and Chorus, and the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra and Chorus.

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Rocamadour

Rocamadour (Rocamador in Occitan) is a commune in the Lot department in southwestern France.

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Roger Nichols (musical scholar)

Roger David Edward Nichols (born 6 April 1939) is an English music scholar, critic, translator and author.

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Romantic music

Romantic music is a period of Western classical music that began in the late 18th or early 19th century.

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Royal Albert Hall

The Royal Albert Hall is a concert hall on the northern edge of South Kensington, London, which has held the Proms concerts annually each summer since 1941.

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Saint-Martin-sur-le-Pré

Saint-Martin-sur-le-Pré is a commune in the Marne department in north-eastern France.

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Salle Huyghens

From 1917 to 1920, the salle Huyghens located at 6 in the 14th arrondissement of Paris, was the name given to the studio of painter Émile Lejeune (1885–1964) (former stables), which the latter put at the disposal of his musicians, poets and painters friends to make a theater and exhibition hall.

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Second Viennese School

The Second Viennese School (Zweite Wiener Schule, Neue Wiener Schule) is the group of composers that comprised Arnold Schoenberg and his pupils and close associates in early 20th century Vienna, where he lived and taught, sporadically, between 1903 and 1925.

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Sept répons des ténèbres

Sept répons des ténèbres (Seven responsories for Tenebrae), FP 181, is sacred music composed by Francis Poulenc in 1961.

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Sergei Diaghilev

Sergei Pavlovich Diaghilev (sʲɪˈrɡʲej ˈpavɫovʲɪtɕ ˈdʲæɡʲɪlʲɪf; 19 August 1929), usually referred to outside Russia as Serge Diaghilev, was a Russian art critic, patron, ballet impresario and founder of the Ballets Russes, from which many famous dancers and choreographers would arise.

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Sextet (Poulenc)

The Sextuor (Sextet), FP 100, is a chamber music composition written by Francis Poulenc for a standard wind quintet (flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, and French horn) and piano.

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Sinfonietta (Poulenc)

The Sinfonietta, FP 141, is a work for orchestra by Francis Poulenc.

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Soirées de Nazelles

Les Soirées de Nazelles, FP 84, is a set of variations for piano written by the French composer Francis Poulenc.

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Sonata for clarinet and bassoon

The Sonate pour clarinette et basson (Sonata for clarinet and bassoon), FP 32a, is a piece of chamber music composed by Francis Poulenc in 1922.

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Song cycle

A song cycle (Liederkreis or Liederzyklus) is a group, or cycle, of individually complete songs designed to be performed in a sequence as a unit.

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Sony Pictures Classics

Sony Pictures Classics (abbreviated as SPC) is an American film production and distribution company that is a division of Sony Pictures.

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Soprano

A soprano is a type of classical female singing voice and has the highest vocal range of all voice types.

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Stabat Mater (Poulenc)

Stabat Mater, FP 148, is a musical setting of the Stabat Mater sequence composed by Francis Poulenc in 1950.

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Suite française (Poulenc)

Suite française (French Suite), FP 80, is an orchestral suite for wind instruments, drum and harpsichord (or harp ad libitum) by Francis Poulenc.

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Symphonic poem

A symphonic poem or tone poem is a piece of orchestral music, usually in a single continuous movement, which illustrates or evokes the content of a poem, short story, novel, painting, landscape, or other (non-musical) source.

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Tenebrae

Tenebrae (—Latin for "darkness") is a religious service of Western Christianity held during the three days preceding Easter, and characterized by gradual extinguishing of candles, and by a "strepitus" or "loud noise" taking place in total darkness near the end of the service.

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Tessitura

In music, tessitura (pl. tessiture, "texture") is the most esthetically acceptable and comfortable vocal range for a given singer or, less frequently, musical instrument; the range in which a given type of voice presents its best-sounding (or characteristic) timbre.

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The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

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The Human Voice

The Human Voice (La Voix humaine) is a monodrama first staged at the Comédie-Française in 1930, written two years earlier by Jean Cocteau.

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The Music of Francis Poulenc

The Music of Francis Poulenc (1899–1963): A Catalogue, abbreviated FP, is a chronological catalogue of Francis Poulenc's works which was published by Carl B. Schmidt in 1995.

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The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians

The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians is an encyclopedic dictionary of music and musicians.

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The Rite of Spring

The Rite of Spring (Le Sacre du printemps; sacred spring) is a ballet and orchestral concert work by the Russian composer Igor Stravinsky.

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The Times

The Times is a British daily (Monday to Saturday) national newspaper based in London, England.

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Tiresias

In Greek mythology, Tiresias (Τειρεσίας, Teiresias) was a blind prophet of Apollo in Thebes, famous for clairvoyance and for being transformed into a woman for seven years.

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Tone row

In music, a tone row or note row (Reihe or Tonreihe), also series or set,George Perle, Serial Composition and Atonality: An Introduction to the Music of Schoenberg, Berg, and Webern, fourth Edition (Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1977): 3.

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Trio for oboe, bassoon and piano

The Trio pour hautbois, basson et piano (Trio for oboe, bassoon and piano), FP 43, by Francis Poulenc is a piece of chamber music, composed in 1926.

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Trois mouvements perpétuels

Mouvements perpétuels, FP 14a, is a short three-movement suite for solo piano by the French composer Francis Poulenc, premiered in Paris in December 1918, when Poulenc was aged 19 and a protégé of Erik Satie.

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Trois novelettes (Poulenc)

Trois novelettes (Three novelettes) are three short pieces for piano composed by Francis Poulenc.

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Twelve-tone technique

Twelve-tone technique—also known as dodecaphony, twelve-tone serialism, and (in British usage) twelve-note composition—is a method of musical composition devised by Austrian composer Arnold Schoenberg (1874–1951) and associated with the "Second Viennese School" composers, who were the primary users of the technique in the first decades of its existence.

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Variations sur le nom de Marguerite Long

Variations sur le nom de Marguerite Long (Variations on the name Marguerite Long) is a collaborative orchestral suite written by eight French composers in 1956, in honour of the pianist Marguerite Long.

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Vincennes

Vincennes is a commune in the Val-de-Marne department in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France.

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Violin Sonata (Poulenc)

The Sonate pour violon et piano (Violin Sonata), FP 119, by Francis Poulenc was composed in 1942–1943 in memory of the Spanish poet Federico García Lorca.

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Waltz (music)

A waltz (German: Walzer; French: Valse, Italian: Valzer, Spanish: Vals, Polish: Walc), probably deriving from German Ländler, is dance music in triple meter, often written in 4 time.

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Wanda Landowska

Wanda Aleksandra Landowska (5 July 1879 – 16 August 1959) was a Polish-French harpsichordist whose performances, teaching, recordings and writings played a large role in reviving the popularity of the harpsichord in the early 20th century.

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Western Front (World War I)

The Western Front was the main theatre of war during the First World War.

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Wigmore Hall

The Wigmore Hall is a concert hall located at 36 Wigmore Street, London.

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William Mann (critic)

William Somervell Mann (14 February 19245 September 1989) was an English music critic.

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Winterreise

Winterreise (Winter Journey) is a song cycle for voice and piano by Franz Schubert (D. 911, published as Op. 89 in 1828), a setting of 24 poems by Wilhelm Müller.

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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 1756 – 5 December 1791), baptised as Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the classical era.

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Yehudi Menuhin

Yehudi Menuhin, Baron Menuhin, (22 April 191612 March 1999) was an American-born violinist and conductor who spent most of his performing career in Britain.

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Yvonne Gouverné

Yvonne Gouverné, née Yvonne Marcelle Gouverné, (6 February 1890 – 26 October 1982) was a 20th-century French pianist by training, who went on to become an accompanist and choir conductor.

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Yvonne Printemps

Yvonne Printemps (25 July 1894 – 19 January 1977) was a French singer and actress who achieved stardom on stage and screen in France and internationally.

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8th arrondissement of Paris

The 8th arrondissement of Paris (VIIIe arrondissement) is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France.

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Ballets by Francis Poulenc, Francis Jean Marcel Poulenc, Francois Poulenc, Poulenc.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Poulenc

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