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58 relations: Act of Settlement 1701, Age of Enlightenment, American Revolutionary War, Calvinism, Cameralism, Caroline of Ansbach, Catholic Church, Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, Clemens August of Bavaria, Countess Amalie Elisabeth of Hanau-Münzenberg, Dorothea Maria of Saxe-Weimar, Duchess of Saxe-Zeitz, Dorothea Wilhelmine of Saxe-Zeitz, Duchess Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia, Duchess Sophie of Prussia, Eleonore Dorothea of Anhalt-Dessau, Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate, Electress of Brandenburg, Frederick I of Sweden, Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, Frederick William, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt, George II of Great Britain, George III of the United Kingdom, George William, Elector of Brandenburg, Germans in the American Revolution, Hanau, Hessian (soldier), House of Hesse, Jacob Kettler, Jacobite rising of 1745, Jean-Pierre de Crousaz, John George I, Elector of Saxony, Kassel, Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel, Louise of Great Britain, Louise of Hesse-Kassel, Margravine Hedwig Sophie of Brandenburg, Margravine Louise Charlotte of Brandenburg, Margravine Philippine of Brandenburg-Schwedt, Maria Amalia of Courland, Marie Amalie of Brandenburg, Maurice, Duke of Saxe-Zeitz, Moritz Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Zeitz, Philip, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel, Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel, Prince William of Hesse-Kassel, Princess Mary of Great Britain, Princess Sophia Dorothea of Prussia, Prussia, Schloss Wilhelmshöhe, Scotland, ..., Simon Louis du Ry, Sophia Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, Wilhelm Kettler, William I, Elector of Hesse, William V, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, William VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, William VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, William, Duke of Saxe-Weimar. Expand index (8 more) »
Act of Settlement 1701
The Act of Settlement is an Act of the Parliament of England that was passed in 1701 to settle the succession to the English and Irish crowns on Protestants only.
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Age of Enlightenment
The Enlightenment (also known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason; in lit in Aufklärung, "Enlightenment", in L’Illuminismo, “Enlightenment” and in Spanish: La Ilustración, "Enlightenment") was an intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 18th century, "The Century of Philosophy".
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American Revolutionary War
The American Revolutionary War (17751783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a global war that began as a conflict between Great Britain and its Thirteen Colonies which declared independence as the United States of America. After 1765, growing philosophical and political differences strained the relationship between Great Britain and its colonies. Patriot protests against taxation without representation followed the Stamp Act and escalated into boycotts, which culminated in 1773 with the Sons of Liberty destroying a shipment of tea in Boston Harbor. Britain responded by closing Boston Harbor and passing a series of punitive measures against Massachusetts Bay Colony. Massachusetts colonists responded with the Suffolk Resolves, and they established a shadow government which wrested control of the countryside from the Crown. Twelve colonies formed a Continental Congress to coordinate their resistance, establishing committees and conventions that effectively seized power. British attempts to disarm the Massachusetts militia at Concord, Massachusetts in April 1775 led to open combat. Militia forces then besieged Boston, forcing a British evacuation in March 1776, and Congress appointed George Washington to command the Continental Army. Concurrently, an American attempt to invade Quebec and raise rebellion against the British failed decisively. On July 2, 1776, the Continental Congress voted for independence, issuing its declaration on July 4. Sir William Howe launched a British counter-offensive, capturing New York City and leaving American morale at a low ebb. However, victories at Trenton and Princeton restored American confidence. In 1777, the British launched an invasion from Quebec under John Burgoyne, intending to isolate the New England Colonies. Instead of assisting this effort, Howe took his army on a separate campaign against Philadelphia, and Burgoyne was decisively defeated at Saratoga in October 1777. Burgoyne's defeat had drastic consequences. France formally allied with the Americans and entered the war in 1778, and Spain joined the war the following year as an ally of France but not as an ally of the United States. In 1780, the Kingdom of Mysore attacked the British in India, and tensions between Great Britain and the Netherlands erupted into open war. In North America, the British mounted a "Southern strategy" led by Charles Cornwallis which hinged upon a Loyalist uprising, but too few came forward. Cornwallis suffered reversals at King's Mountain and Cowpens. He retreated to Yorktown, Virginia, intending an evacuation, but a decisive French naval victory deprived him of an escape. A Franco-American army led by the Comte de Rochambeau and Washington then besieged Cornwallis' army and, with no sign of relief, he surrendered in October 1781. Whigs in Britain had long opposed the pro-war Tories in Parliament, and the surrender gave them the upper hand. In early 1782, Parliament voted to end all offensive operations in North America, but the war continued in Europe and India. Britain remained under siege in Gibraltar but scored a major victory over the French navy. On September 3, 1783, the belligerent parties signed the Treaty of Paris in which Great Britain agreed to recognize the sovereignty of the United States and formally end the war. French involvement had proven decisive,Brooks, Richard (editor). Atlas of World Military History. HarperCollins, 2000, p. 101 "Washington's success in keeping the army together deprived the British of victory, but French intervention won the war." but France made few gains and incurred crippling debts. Spain made some minor territorial gains but failed in its primary aim of recovering Gibraltar. The Dutch were defeated on all counts and were compelled to cede territory to Great Britain. In India, the war against Mysore and its allies concluded in 1784 without any territorial changes.
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Calvinism
Calvinism (also called the Reformed tradition, Reformed Christianity, Reformed Protestantism, or the Reformed faith) is a major branch of Protestantism that follows the theological tradition and forms of Christian practice of John Calvin and other Reformation-era theologians.
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Cameralism
Cameralism (German: Kameralismus) was a German science and technology of administration in the 18th and early 19th centuries.
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Caroline of Ansbach
Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach (Wilhelmina Charlotte Caroline; 1 March 1683 – 20 November 1737) was Queen consort of Great Britain as the wife of King George II.
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Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.
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Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel
Charles of Hesse-Kassel (Karl von Hessen-Kassel; 3 August 1654, Kassel, Landgraviate of Hesse – 23 March 1730, at the same place), of the House of Hesse, was the Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel from 1670 to 1730.
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Clemens August of Bavaria
Clemens August of Bavaria (Clemens August von Bayern) (17 August 1700 – 6 February 1761) was a member of the Wittelsbach dynasty of Bavaria and Archbishop-Elector of Cologne.
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Countess Amalie Elisabeth of Hanau-Münzenberg
Amalie Elisabeth of Hanau-Münzenberg (1602–1651) was Landgravine consort and Regent of Hesse-Kassel.
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Dorothea Maria of Saxe-Weimar, Duchess of Saxe-Zeitz
Dorothea Maria of Saxe-Weimar (14 October 1641 – 11 June 1675), was by birth Duchess of Saxe-Weimar from the Ernestine branch of the House of Wettin and by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Zeitz.
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Dorothea Wilhelmine of Saxe-Zeitz
Dorothea Wilhelmine of Saxe-Zeitz (20 March 1691, in Bad Elster – 17 March 1743, in Kassel) was a duchess of Saxe-Zeitz by birth and by marriage Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel.
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Duchess Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia
Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia (31 December 1586 – 12 February 1659) was an Electress of Saxony as the spouse of John George I, Elector of Saxony.
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Duchess Sophie of Prussia
Duchess Sophie of Prussia (c. 31 March 1582 – c. 24 November 1610) was a German princess of the Duchy of Prussia, a fief of Kingdom of Poland and a member of the House of Hohenzollern.
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Eleonore Dorothea of Anhalt-Dessau
Eleonore Dorothea of Anhalt-Dessau (born 16 February 1602 in Dessau – died: 26 December 1664 in Weimar), was a princess of Anhalt-Dessau by birth and by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Weimar.
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Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate, Electress of Brandenburg
Elisabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate (19 November 1597 – 26 April 1660) was an Electress consort of Brandenburg as the wife of George William, Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia, and the mother of Frederick William of Brandenburg, the "Great Elector".
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Frederick I of Sweden
Frederick I (Fredrik I; 28 April 1676 – 5 April 1751) was prince consort of Sweden from 1718 to 1720, and King of Sweden from 1720 until his death and (as Frederick I) also Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel from 1730.
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Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg
Frederick William (Friedrich Wilhelm) (16 February 1620 – 29 April 1688) was Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia, thus ruler of Brandenburg-Prussia, from 1640 until his death in 1688.
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Frederick William, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt
Frederick William of Brandenburg-Schwedt (17 November 1700, Oranienbaum Castle (modern-day Oranienbaum-Wörlitz, Wittenberg) – 4 March 1771, Wildenbruch Castle) was a German nobleman.
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George II of Great Britain
George II (George Augustus; Georg II.; 30 October / 9 November 1683 – 25 October 1760) was King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover) and a prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 11 June 1727 (O.S.) until his death in 1760.
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George III of the United Kingdom
George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 1738 – 29 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death in 1820.
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George William, Elector of Brandenburg
George William (Georg Wilhelm; 13 November 1595 – 1 December 1640), of the Hohenzollern dynasty, was margrave and elector of Brandenburg and duke of Prussia from 1619 until his death.
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Germans in the American Revolution
Ethnic Germans served on both sides of the American Revolutionary War.
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Hanau
Hanau is a town in the Main-Kinzig-Kreis, in Hesse, Germany.
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Hessian (soldier)
Hessians were German soldiers who served as auxiliaries to the British Army during the American Revolutionary War.
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House of Hesse
The House of Hesse is a European dynasty, directly descended from the House of Brabant, and it ruled the region of Hesse, with one branch as prince electors until 1866, and another branch as grand dukes until 1918.
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Jacob Kettler
Jacob Kettler (Jakob von Kettler) (28 October 1610 – 1 January 1682) was a Baltic German Duke of the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (1642–1682).
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Jacobite rising of 1745
The Jacobite rising of 1745 or 'The '45' (Bliadhna Theàrlaich, "The Year of Charles") is the name commonly used for the attempt by Charles Edward Stuart to regain the British throne for the House of Stuart.
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Jean-Pierre de Crousaz
Jean-Pierre de Crousaz (13 April 166322 March 1750) was a Swiss theologian and philosopher.
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John George I, Elector of Saxony
John George I (German: Johann Georg I.) (5 March 1585 – 8 October 1656) was Elector of Saxony from 1611 to 1656.
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Kassel
Kassel (spelled Cassel until 1928) is a city located at the Fulda River in northern Hesse, Germany.
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Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel
The Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel (Landgrafschaft Hessen-Kassel), spelled Hesse-Cassel during its entire existence, was a state in the Holy Roman Empire that was directly subject to the Emperor.
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Louise of Great Britain
Louise of Great Britain (originally Louisa; 18 December 1724 – 19 December 1751) was Queen of Denmark and Norway from 1746 until her death, as the first wife of King Frederick V. She was the youngest surviving daughter of King George II of Great Britain and Caroline of Ansbach.
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Louise of Hesse-Kassel
Louise of Hesse-Kassel (Luise Wilhelmine Friederike Caroline Auguste Julie von Hessen-Kassel, Louise Wilhelmine Frederikke Caroline Auguste Julie; 7 September 1817 – 29 September 1898) was Queen of Denmark by marriage to King Christian IX of Denmark.
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Margravine Hedwig Sophie of Brandenburg
Hedwig Sophia of Brandenburg (14 July 1623, Berlin - 26 June 1683, Schmalkalden) was Landgravine consort of Hesse-Kassel by marriage to William VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, and regent from 1663 until 1677 during the minority of her sons, William VII, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel and Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel.
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Margravine Louise Charlotte of Brandenburg
Louise Charlotte of Brandenburg (13 September 1617 – 28 August 1676), was a Duchess consort of Courland by marriage to Duke Jacob Kettler of Courland.
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Margravine Philippine of Brandenburg-Schwedt
Margravine Philippine Auguste Amalie of Brandenburg-Schwedt (10 October 1745 – 1 May 1800) was a Landgravine consort of Hesse-Kassel by marriage to Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel.
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Maria Amalia of Courland
Maria Anna Amalia of Courland (12 June 1653, Mitau – 16 June 1711, Weilmünster) was a German noblewoman.
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Marie Amalie of Brandenburg
Maria Amalia of Brandenburg-Schwedt (26 November 1670 in Cölln – 17 November 1739 at Bertholdsburg Castle in Schleusingen) was a princess from the Brandenburg-Schwedt line of the House of Hohenzollern and by marriage a Duchess of Saxe-Zeitz.
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Maurice, Duke of Saxe-Zeitz
Maurice of Saxe-Zeitz (28 March 1619 – 4 December 1681) was a duke of Saxe-Zeitz and member of the House of Wettin.
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Moritz Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Zeitz
Moritz Wilhelm (English: Maurice William; 12 March 1664 – 15 November 1718), a member of the Saxon House of Wettin, was the second and last Duke of Saxe-Zeitz from 1681 until his death.
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Philip, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
Philip of Schleswig-Holstein-Glücksburg (15 March 1584 – 27 September 1663) was the first Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Glücksburg after the death of his father in 1622.
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Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel
Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel (Carl af Hessen-Kassel; Karl von Hessen-Kassel) (19 December 1744 – 17 August 1836) was a cadet member of the house of Hesse-Kassel and a Danish general field marshal.
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Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel
Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel (11 September 1747 – 20 May 1837) was a younger member of the dynasty that ruled the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) and a Danish general.
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Prince William of Hesse-Kassel
Prince William of Hesse-Kassel (24 December 1787 – 5 September 1867), was the first son of Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel and Princess Caroline of Nassau-Usingen.
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Princess Mary of Great Britain
Princess Mary of Great Britain (5 March 1723 – 14 January 1772) was the second-youngest daughter of King George II of Great Britain and his wife Caroline of Ansbach, and Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel as the wife of Landgrave Frederick II.
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Princess Sophia Dorothea of Prussia
Princess Sophia Dorothea of Prussia (Sophia Dorothea Marie von Preußen) (25 January 1719 – 13 November 1765) was the ninth child and fifth daughter of Frederick William I of Prussia and Sophia Dorothea of Hanover.
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Prussia
Prussia (Preußen) was a historically prominent German state that originated in 1525 with a duchy centred on the region of Prussia.
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Schloss Wilhelmshöhe
Schloss Wilhelmshöhe is a Neoclassical palace located in, a part of Kassel, Germany.
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Scotland
Scotland (Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain.
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Simon Louis du Ry
Simon Louis du Ry (January 13, 1726 in Kassel - August 23, 1799 in Kassel) was a classical architect.
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Sophia Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
Princess Dorothea Sophia of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (28 September 1636 – 6 August 1689), was Duchess consort of Brunswick-Lüneburg by marriage to Christian Louis, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, and Electress of Brandenburg by marriage to Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, the "Great Elector".
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Wilhelm Kettler
Wilhelm Kettler (20 June 1574 – 7 April 1640) was the Duke of Courland, a region of Latvia.
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William I, Elector of Hesse
William I, Elector of Hesse (Wilhelm I., Kurfürst von Hessen; 3 June 1743 – 27 February 1821) was the eldest surviving son of Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) and Princess Mary of Great Britain, the daughter of George II.
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William V, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel
William V (Wilhelm) (13 February 1602 – 21 September 1637), a member of the House of Hesse, was Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel from 1627 to 1637.
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William VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel
William VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (23 May 1629 – 16 July 1663), known as William the Just, was Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel from 1637 to 1663.
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William VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel
William VIII (10 March 1682 – 1 February 1760) ruled the German Landgraviate Hesse-Kassel from 1730 until his death, first as regent (1730–1751) and then as landgrave (1751–1760).
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William, Duke of Saxe-Weimar
Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Weimar (Altenburg, 11 April 1598 – Weimar, 17 May 1662), was a duke of Saxe-Weimar.
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Redirects here:
Frederick II of Hesse, Frederick II of Hesse-Cassel, Frederick II of Hesse-Kassel, Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse, Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel, Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt, Friedrich II of Hesse-Kassel, Friedrich II, Landgraf von Hessen-Kessel, Friedrich II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, Landgrave Frederick II of Hesse-Kassel.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_II,_Landgrave_of_Hesse-Kassel
