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G-quadruplex

Index G-quadruplex

In molecular biology, G-quadruplex secondary structures are formed in nucleic acids by sequences that are rich in guanine. [1]

82 relations: Algorithm, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Antibody, Antiparallel (biochemistry), Antisense therapy, Autism, Bcl-2, Beta globulins, Bloom syndrome, Bloom syndrome protein, C9orf72, Cancer, CD117, Chemical synapse, Chicken, Chromatin, Chromosome, Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal, Crystal structure, Cytoplasm, Dendrite, DNA, DNA methylation, Downregulation and upregulation, Enzyme, Eumetazoa, Exon, FMR1, Fragile X syndrome, Frontotemporal dementia, Gene, Genome, Guanine, Hairpin, Helicase, Heterochromatin, Histone, Hoogsteen base pair, Human, Hydrogen bond, In vitro, In vivo, Intramolecular force, Intron, Ion, Ligand, Locked nucleic acid, Macromolecular crowding, Molecularity, Myc, ..., Neuron, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Nuclease, Nucleic acid secondary structure, Nucleobase, Nucleolin, Nucleolus, Oncogene, Parallel (geometry), Peptide nucleic acid, Porphyrin, Potassium, Prokaryote, Promoter (genetics), Protein, Rap1, Ras subfamily, Ribosome, RNA, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Telomerase, Telomere, Telomestatin, Thermodynamics, Transcription (biology), Ubiquitin, Vascular endothelial growth factor, Vertebrate, Werner syndrome, Werner syndrome helicase, X-ray, Zinc finger. Expand index (32 more) »

Algorithm

In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm is an unambiguous specification of how to solve a class of problems.

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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as motor neurone disease (MND), and Lou Gehrig's disease, is a specific disease which causes the death of neurons controlling voluntary muscles.

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Antibody

An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses.

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Antiparallel (biochemistry)

In biochemistry, two biopolymers are antiparallel if they run parallel to each other but with opposite alignments.

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Antisense therapy

Antisense therapy is a form of treatment for genetic disorders or infections.

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Autism

Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by troubles with social interaction and communication and by restricted and repetitive behavior.

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Bcl-2

Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2), encoded in humans by the BCL2 gene, is the founding member of the Bcl-2 family of regulator proteins that regulate cell death (apoptosis), by either inducing (pro-apoptotic) or inhibiting (anti-apoptotic) apoptosis.

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Beta globulins

Beta globulins are a group of globular proteins in plasma that are more mobile in alkaline or electrically charged solutions than gamma globulins, but less mobile than alpha globulins.

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Bloom syndrome

Bloom syndrome (often abbreviated as BS in literature), also known as Bloom-Torre-Machacek syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by short stature, predisposition to the development of cancer and genomic instability.

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Bloom syndrome protein

Bloom syndrome protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BLM gene and is not expressed in Bloom syndrome.

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C9orf72

C9orf72 (chromosome 9 open reading frame 72) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the gene C9orf72.

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Cancer

Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.

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CD117

Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor (SCFR), also known as proto-oncogene c-Kit or tyrosine-protein kinase Kit or CD117, is a receptor tyrosine kinase protein that in humans is encoded by the KIT gene.

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Chemical synapse

Chemical synapses are biological junctions through which neurons' signals can be exchanged to each other and to non-neuronal cells such as those in muscles or glands.

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Chicken

The chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) is a type of domesticated fowl, a subspecies of the red junglefowl.

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Chromatin

Chromatin is a complex of macromolecules found in cells, consisting of DNA, protein, and RNA.

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Chromosome

A chromosome (from Ancient Greek: χρωμόσωμα, chromosoma, chroma means colour, soma means body) is a DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material (genome) of an organism.

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Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal

Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal, published by Elsevier on behalf of the Research Network of Computational and Structural Biotechnology, covering all aspects of computational and structural biology.

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Crystal structure

In crystallography, crystal structure is a description of the ordered arrangement of atoms, ions or molecules in a crystalline material.

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Cytoplasm

In cell biology, the cytoplasm is the material within a living cell, excluding the cell nucleus.

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Dendrite

Dendrites (from Greek δένδρον déndron, "tree"), also dendrons, are branched protoplasmic extensions of a nerve cell that propagate the electrochemical stimulation received from other neural cells to the cell body, or soma, of the neuron from which the dendrites project.

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DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a thread-like chain of nucleotides carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.

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DNA methylation

DNA methylation is a process by which methyl groups are added to the DNA molecule.

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Downregulation and upregulation

In the biological context of organisms' production of gene products, downregulation is the process by which a cell decreases the quantity of a cellular component, such as RNA or protein, in response to an external stimulus.

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Enzyme

Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts.

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Eumetazoa

Eumetazoa (Greek: εὖ, well + μετά, after + ζῷον, animal) or '''Diploblasts''', or Epitheliozoa, or Histozoa are a proposed basal animal clade as sister group of the Porifera.

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Exon

An exon is any part of a gene that will encode a part of the final mature RNA produced by that gene after introns have been removed by RNA splicing.

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FMR1

FMR1 (fragile X mental retardation 1) is a human gene that codes for a protein called fragile X mental retardation protein, or FMRP.

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Fragile X syndrome

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a genetic disorder.

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Frontotemporal dementia

The frontotemporal dementias (FTD) encompass six types of dementia involving the frontal or temporal lobes.

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Gene

In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.

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Genome

In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is the genetic material of an organism.

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Guanine

Guanine (or G, Gua) is one of the four main nucleobases found in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA, the others being adenine, cytosine, and thymine (uracil in RNA).

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Hairpin

A hair pin or hairpin is a long device used to hold a person's hair in place.

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Helicase

Helicases are a class of enzymes vital to all living organisms.

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Heterochromatin

Heterochromatin is a tightly packed form of DNA or condensed DNA, which comes in multiple varieties.

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Histone

In biology, histones are highly alkaline proteins found in eukaryotic cell nuclei that package and order the DNA into structural units called nucleosomes.

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Hoogsteen base pair

A Hoogsteen base pair is a variation of base-pairing in nucleic acids such as the A•T pair.

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Human

Humans (taxonomically Homo sapiens) are the only extant members of the subtribe Hominina.

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Hydrogen bond

A hydrogen bond is a partially electrostatic attraction between a hydrogen (H) which is bound to a more electronegative atom such as nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or fluorine (F), and another adjacent atom bearing a lone pair of electrons.

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In vitro

In vitro (meaning: in the glass) studies are performed with microorganisms, cells, or biological molecules outside their normal biological context.

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In vivo

Studies that are in vivo (Latin for "within the living"; often not italicized in English) are those in which the effects of various biological entities are tested on whole, living organisms or cells, usually animals, including humans, and plants, as opposed to a tissue extract or dead organism.

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Intramolecular force

An intramolecular force is any force that binds together the atoms making up a molecule or compound, not to be confused with intermolecular forces, which are the forces present between molecules.

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Intron

An intron is any nucleotide sequence within a gene that is removed by RNA splicing during maturation of the final RNA product.

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Ion

An ion is an atom or molecule that has a non-zero net electrical charge (its total number of electrons is not equal to its total number of protons).

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Ligand

In coordination chemistry, a ligand is an ion or molecule (functional group) that binds to a central metal atom to form a coordination complex.

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Locked nucleic acid

A locked nucleic acid (LNA), often referred to as inaccessible RNA, is a modified RNA nucleotide.

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Macromolecular crowding

The phenomenon of macromolecular crowding alters the properties of molecules in a solution when high concentrations of macromolecules such as proteins are present.

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Molecularity

Molecularity in chemistry is the number of molecules that come together to react in an elementary (single-step) reactionAtkins, P.; de Paula, J. Physical Chemistry.

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Myc

Myc is a family of regulator genes and proto-oncogenes that code for transcription factors.

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Neuron

A neuron, also known as a neurone (British spelling) and nerve cell, is an electrically excitable cell that receives, processes, and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals.

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Nuclear magnetic resonance

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a physical phenomenon in which nuclei in a magnetic field absorb and re-emit electromagnetic radiation.

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Nuclease

A nuclease (also archaically known as nucleodepolymerase or polynucleotidase) is an enzyme capable of cleaving the phosphodiester bonds between monomers of nucleic acids.

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Nucleic acid secondary structure

Nucleic acid secondary structure is the basepairing interactions within a single nucleic acid polymer or between two polymers.

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Nucleobase

Nucleobases, also known as nitrogenous bases or often simply bases, are nitrogen-containing biological compounds that form nucleosides, which in turn are components of nucleotides, with all of these monomers constituting the basic building blocks of nucleic acids.

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Nucleolin

Nucleolin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCL gene.

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Nucleolus

The nucleolus (plural nucleoli) is the largest structure in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

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Oncogene

An oncogene is a gene that has the potential to cause cancer.

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Parallel (geometry)

In geometry, parallel lines are lines in a plane which do not meet; that is, two lines in a plane that do not intersect or touch each other at any point are said to be parallel.

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Peptide nucleic acid

Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is an artificially synthesized polymer similar to DNA or RNA.

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Porphyrin

Porphyrins (/phɔɹfɚɪn/ ''POUR-fer-in'') are a group of heterocyclic macrocycle organic compounds, composed of four modified pyrrole subunits interconnected at their α carbon atoms via methine bridges (.

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Potassium

Potassium is a chemical element with symbol K (from Neo-Latin kalium) and atomic number 19.

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Prokaryote

A prokaryote is a unicellular organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane-bound organelle.

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Promoter (genetics)

In genetics, a promoter is a region of DNA that initiates transcription of a particular gene.

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Protein

Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.

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Rap1

Rap1 (Ras-proximate-1 or Ras-related protein 1) is a small GTPase, which are small cytosolic proteins that act like cellular switches and are vital for effective signal transduction.

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Ras subfamily

Ras is a family of related proteins which is expressed in all animal cell lineages and organs.

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Ribosome

The ribosome is a complex molecular machine, found within all living cells, that serves as the site of biological protein synthesis (translation).

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RNA

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes.

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a species of yeast.

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Telomerase

Telomerase, also called terminal transferase, is a ribonucleoprotein that adds a species-dependent telomere repeat sequence to the 3' end of telomeres.

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Telomere

A telomere is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences at each end of a chromosome, which protects the end of the chromosome from deterioration or from fusion with neighboring chromosomes.

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Telomestatin

Telomestatin is a macrocyclic chemical compound that acts by inhibiting the telomerase activity of in vitro cancer cells.

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Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics is the branch of physics concerned with heat and temperature and their relation to energy and work.

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Transcription (biology)

Transcription is the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA (especially mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase.

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Ubiquitin

Ubiquitin is a small (8.5 kDa) regulatory protein found in most tissues of eukaryotic organisms, i.e. it occurs ''ubiquitously''.

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Vascular endothelial growth factor

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), originally known as vascular permeability factor (VPF), is a signal protein produced by cells that stimulates the formation of blood vessels.

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Vertebrate

Vertebrates comprise all species of animals within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones).

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Werner syndrome

Werner syndrome (WS), also known as "adult progeria",James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005).

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Werner syndrome helicase

"Werner syndrome ATP-dependent helicase" also known as DNA helicase, RecQ-like type 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the WRN gene.

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X-ray

X-rays make up X-radiation, a form of electromagnetic radiation.

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Zinc finger

A zinc finger is a small protein structural motif that is characterized by the coordination of one or more zinc ions (Zn2+) in order to stabilize the fold.

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Redirects here:

G quadruplex, G tetrad, G-quadruplexes, Guanine quartet, Quadruple helix, Quadruple-stranded DNA.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-quadruplex

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