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114 relations: 't Hooft operator, 't Hooft symbol, 't Hooft–Polyakov monopole, AdS/CFT correspondence, Alexander Markovich Polyakov, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Ancient Greek, Andrei Slavnov, Anomaly matching condition, Anti-de Sitter space, ArXiv, Asymptotic freedom, Bell's theorem, Black hole, Black hole information paradox, Boston, Causality (physics), CERN, Chiral anomaly, Circle group, Closed timelike curve, Color confinement, Conformal field theory, Coxswain, Dalton Plan, Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics, David Gross, Deep inelastic scattering, Den Helder, Determinism, Dimensional regularization, Doctor of Philosophy, Dutch name, Einstein–Cartan–Evans theory, Electroweak interaction, Elementary particle, Foundations of Physics, Frank Wilczek, Franklin Medal, French Academy of Sciences, Frits Zernike, Gauge fixing, Gauge theory, Google Scholar, Harvard University, Hawking radiation, Herman Verlinde, Hidden variable theory, Holographic principle, Honorary degree, ..., Hugh David Politzer, INSPIRE-HEP, Instanton, Institute of Physics, Interpretations of quantum mechanics, John Clayton Taylor, Kurt Symanzik, Latin, Legion of Honour, Leiden University, Leonard Susskind, List of mathematics competitions, List of minor planets: 9001–10000, Lomonosov Gold Medal, Lorentz Medal, Magnetic monopole, Mars One, Martinus J. G. Veltman, Medicine, Meson, Minimal subtraction scheme, National Academy of Sciences, Naturalness (physics), Netherlands, Nico van Kampen, Nobel Prize in Physics, Open access, Order of the Netherlands Lion, Peter van Nieuwenhuizen, Phase (matter), Photon, Physics Today, Pion, QCD matter, Quantum chromodynamics, Quantum field theory, Quantum gravity, Quantum mechanics, Quark, Renormalization, Renormalon, Robbert Dijkgraaf, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, S-duality, Slavnov–Taylor identities, Special unitary group, Spinoza Prize, Spontaneous symmetry breaking, Stanford University, Stanley Deser, Stephen Hawking, String theory, Strong interaction, Supergravity, Surname, The Hague, Theoretical physics, Unitarity (physics), Utrecht University, Wilson loop, Wolf Prize, Yang–Mills theory, Zoology, 1/N expansion. Expand index (64 more) »
't Hooft operator
In theoretical physics, a 't Hooft operator, introduced by Gerard 't Hooft in the 1978 paper "On the phase transition towards permanent quark confinement", is a dual version of the Wilson loop in which the electromagnetic potential A is replaced by its electromagnetic dual Amag, where the exterior derivative of A is equal to the Hodge dual of the exterior derivative of Amag.
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't Hooft symbol
The 't Hooft η symbol is a symbol which allows one to express the generators of the SU(2) Lie algebra in terms of the generators of Lorentz algebra.
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't Hooft–Polyakov monopole
In theoretical physics, the 't Hooft–Polyakov monopole is a topological soliton similar to the Dirac monopole but without any singularities.
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AdS/CFT correspondence
In theoretical physics, the anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory correspondence, sometimes called Maldacena duality or gauge/gravity duality, is a conjectured relationship between two kinds of physical theories.
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Alexander Markovich Polyakov
Alexander Markovich Polyakov (Алекса́ндр Ма́ркович Поляко́в; born 27 September 1945) is a Russian theoretical physicist, formerly at the Landau Institute in Moscow and, since 1990, at Princeton University.
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American Academy of Arts and Sciences
The American Academy of Arts and Sciences is one of the oldest learned societies in the United States of America.
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Ancient Greek
The Ancient Greek language includes the forms of Greek used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around the 9th century BC to the 6th century AD.
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Andrei Slavnov
Andrei Alekseevich Slavnov (Андрей Алексеевич Славнов, born 22 December 1939, Moscow) is a Russian theoretical physicist, known for Slavnov-Taylor identities.
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Anomaly matching condition
In quantum field theory, the anomaly matching condition by Gerard 't Hooft states that the calculation of any chiral anomaly for the flavor symmetry must not depend on what scale is chosen for the calculation if it is done by using the degrees of freedom of the theory at some energy scale.
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Anti-de Sitter space
In mathematics and physics, n-dimensional anti-de Sitter space (AdSn) is a maximally symmetric Lorentzian manifold with constant negative scalar curvature.
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ArXiv
arXiv (pronounced "archive") is a repository of electronic preprints (known as e-prints) approved for publication after moderation, that consists of scientific papers in the fields of mathematics, physics, astronomy, computer science, quantitative biology, statistics, and quantitative finance, which can be accessed online.
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Asymptotic freedom
In particle physics, asymptotic freedom is a property of some gauge theories that causes interactions between particles to become asymptotically weaker as the energy scale increases and the corresponding length scale decreases.
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Bell's theorem
Bell's theorem is a "no-go theorem" that draws an important distinction between quantum mechanics and the world as described by classical mechanics.
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Black hole
A black hole is a region of spacetime exhibiting such strong gravitational effects that nothing—not even particles and electromagnetic radiation such as light—can escape from inside it.
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Black hole information paradox
The black hole information paradox is a puzzle resulting from the combination of quantum mechanics and general relativity.
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Boston
Boston is the capital city and most populous municipality of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States.
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Causality (physics)
Causality is the relationship between causes and effects.
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CERN
The European Organization for Nuclear Research (Organisation européenne pour la recherche nucléaire), known as CERN (derived from the name Conseil européen pour la recherche nucléaire), is a European research organization that operates the largest particle physics laboratory in the world.
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Chiral anomaly
In physics, a chiral anomaly is the anomalous nonconservation of a chiral current.
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Circle group
In mathematics, the circle group, denoted by T, is the multiplicative group of all complex numbers with absolute value 1, that is, the unit circle in the complex plane or simply the unit complex numbers The circle group forms a subgroup of C×, the multiplicative group of all nonzero complex numbers.
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Closed timelike curve
In mathematical physics, a closed timelike curve (CTC) is a world line in a Lorentzian manifold, of a material particle in spacetime that is "closed", returning to its starting point.
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Color confinement
In quantum chromodynamics (QCD), color confinement, often simply called confinement, is the phenomenon that color charged particles (such as quarks and gluons) cannot be isolated, and therefore cannot be directly observed in normal conditions below the Hagedorn temperature of approximately 2 trillion kelvin (corresponding to energies of approximately 130–140 MeV per particle).
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Conformal field theory
A conformal field theory (CFT) is a quantum field theory that is invariant under conformal transformations.
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Coxswain
The coxswain is the person in charge of a boat, particularly its navigation and steering.
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Dalton Plan
The Dalton Plan is an educational concept created by Helen Parkhurst.
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Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics
Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics is an award given each year since 1959 jointly by the American Physical Society and American Institute of Physics.
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David Gross
David Jonathan Gross (born February 19, 1941) is an American theoretical physicist and string theorist.
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Deep inelastic scattering
Deep inelastic scattering is the name given to a process used to probe the insides of hadrons (particularly the baryons, such as protons and neutrons), using electrons, muons and neutrinos.
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Den Helder
Den Helder is a municipality and a city in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland.
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Determinism
Determinism is the philosophical theory that all events, including moral choices, are completely determined by previously existing causes.
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Dimensional regularization
In theoretical physics, dimensional regularization is a method introduced by Giambiagi and Bollini as well as – independently and more comprehensively – by 't Hooft and Veltman for regularizing integrals in the evaluation of Feynman diagrams; in other words, assigning values to them that are meromorphic functions of a complex parameter d, the analytic continuation of the number of spacetime dimensions.
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Doctor of Philosophy
A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD or Ph.D.; Latin Philosophiae doctor) is the highest academic degree awarded by universities in most countries.
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Dutch name
Dutch names consist of one or more given names and a surname.
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Einstein–Cartan–Evans theory
Einstein–Cartan–Evans theory or ECE theory was an attempted unified theory of physics proposed by the Welsh chemist and physicist: "ECE Theory was discovered by chemist, physicist, and mathematician, Myron Wyn Evans...". Myron Wyn Evans (born May 26, 1950), which claimed to unify general relativity, quantum mechanics and electromagnetism.
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Electroweak interaction
In particle physics, the electroweak interaction is the unified description of two of the four known fundamental interactions of nature: electromagnetism and the weak interaction.
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Elementary particle
In particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a particle with no substructure, thus not composed of other particles.
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Foundations of Physics
Foundations of Physics is a monthly journal "devoted to the conceptual bases and fundamental theories of modern physics and cosmology, emphasizing the logical, methodological, and philosophical premises of modern physical theories and procedures".
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Frank Wilczek
Frank Anthony Wilczek (born May 15, 1951) is an American theoretical physicist, mathematician and a Nobel laureate.
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Franklin Medal
The Franklin Medal was a science award presented from 1915 through 1997 by the Franklin Institute located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. It was founded in 1914 by Samuel Insull.
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French Academy of Sciences
The French Academy of Sciences (French: Académie des sciences) is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research.
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Frits Zernike
Frits Zernike (16 July 1888 – 10 March 1966) was a Dutch physicist and winner of the Nobel Prize for physics in 1953 for his invention of the phase-contrast microscope.
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Gauge fixing
In the physics of gauge theories, gauge fixing (also called choosing a gauge) denotes a mathematical procedure for coping with redundant degrees of freedom in field variables.
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Gauge theory
In physics, a gauge theory is a type of field theory in which the Lagrangian is invariant under certain Lie groups of local transformations.
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Google Scholar
Google Scholar is a freely accessible web search engine that indexes the full text or metadata of scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and disciplines.
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Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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Hawking radiation
Hawking radiation is blackbody radiation that is predicted to be released by black holes, due to quantum effects near the event horizon.
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Herman Verlinde
Herman Louis Verlinde (born 21 January 1962) is a Dutch theoretical physicist and string theorist.
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Hidden variable theory
In physics, hidden variable theories are held by some physicists who argue that the state of a physical system, as formulated by quantum mechanics, does not give a complete description for the system; i.e., that quantum mechanics is ultimately incomplete, and that a complete theory would provide descriptive categories to account for all observable behavior and thus avoid any indeterminism.
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Holographic principle
The holographic principle is a principle of string theories and a supposed property of quantum gravity that states that the description of a volume of space can be thought of as encoded on a lower-dimensional boundary to the region—preferably a light-like boundary like a gravitational horizon.
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Honorary degree
An honorary degree, in Latin a degree honoris causa ("for the sake of the honor") or ad honorem ("to the honor"), is an academic degree for which a university (or other degree-awarding institution) has waived the usual requirements, such as matriculation, residence, a dissertation and the passing of comprehensive examinations.
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Hugh David Politzer
Hugh David Politzer (born August 31, 1949) is an American theoretical physicist at the California Institute of Technology.
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INSPIRE-HEP
INSPIRE-HEP is an open access digital library for the field of high energy physics (HEP).
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Instanton
An instanton (or pseudoparticle) is a notion appearing in theoretical and mathematical physics.
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Institute of Physics
The Institute of Physics (IOP) is a scientific charity that works to advance physics education, research and application.
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Interpretations of quantum mechanics
An interpretation of quantum mechanics is an attempt to explain how concepts in quantum mechanics correspond to reality.
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John Clayton Taylor
John Clayton Taylor (born 4 August 1930) is a British mathematical physicist.
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Kurt Symanzik
Kurt Symanzik (November 23, 1923 – October 25, 1983) was a German physicist working in quantum field theory.
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Latin
Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
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Legion of Honour
The Legion of Honour, with its full name National Order of the Legion of Honour (Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), is the highest French order of merit for military and civil merits, established in 1802 by Napoléon Bonaparte and retained by all the divergent governments and regimes later holding power in France, up to the present.
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Leiden University
Leiden University (abbreviated as LEI; Universiteit Leiden), founded in the city of Leiden, is the oldest university in the Netherlands.
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Leonard Susskind
Leonard Susskind (born 1940)his 60th birthday was celebrated with a special symposium at Stanford University.
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List of mathematics competitions
Mathematics competitions or mathematical olympiads are competitive events where participants sit a mathematics test.
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List of minor planets: 9001–10000
No description.
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Lomonosov Gold Medal
The Lomonosov Gold Medal, named after Russian scientist and polymath Mikhail Lomonosov, is awarded each year since 1959 for outstanding achievements in the natural sciences and the humanities by the USSR Academy of Sciences and later the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS).
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Lorentz Medal
Lorentz Medal is a distinction awarded every four years by the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.
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Magnetic monopole
A magnetic monopole is a hypothetical elementary particle in particle physics that is an isolated magnet with only one magnetic pole (a north pole without a south pole or vice versa).
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Mars One
Mars One is a small private Dutch organization that proposed in 2012 to land the first humans on Mars and leave them there to establish a permanent human colony in the coming decades.
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Martinus J. G. Veltman
Martinus Justinus Godefriedus "Tini" Veltman (born 27 June 1931) is a Dutch theoretical physicist.
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Medicine
Medicine is the science and practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease.
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Meson
In particle physics, mesons are hadronic subatomic particles composed of one quark and one antiquark, bound together by strong interactions.
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Minimal subtraction scheme
In quantum field theory, the minimal subtraction scheme, or MS scheme, is a particular renormalization scheme used to absorb the infinities that arise in perturbative calculations beyond leading order, introduced independently by and.
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National Academy of Sciences
The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is a United States nonprofit, non-governmental organization.
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Naturalness (physics)
In physics, naturalness is the property that the dimensionless ratios between free parameters or physical constants appearing in a physical theory should take values "of order 1" and that free parameters are not fine-tuned.
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Netherlands
The Netherlands (Nederland), often referred to as Holland, is a country located mostly in Western Europe with a population of seventeen million.
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Nico van Kampen
Nicolaas 'Nico' Godfried van Kampen (June 22, 1921 – October 6, 2013) was a Dutch theoretical physicist, who worked mainly on statistical mechanics and non-equilibrium thermodynamics.
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Nobel Prize in Physics
The Nobel Prize in Physics (Nobelpriset i fysik) is a yearly award given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for those who conferred the most outstanding contributions for mankind in the field of physics.
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Open access
Open access (OA) refers to research outputs which are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers, and possibly with the addition of a Creative Commons license to promote reuse.
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Order of the Netherlands Lion
The Order of the Netherlands Lion, also referred to as the Order of the Lion of the Netherlands (De Orde van de Nederlandse Leeuw, L'Ordre du Lion Néerlandais) is a Dutch order of chivalry founded by King William I of the Netherlands on 29 September 1815.
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Peter van Nieuwenhuizen
Peter van Nieuwenhuizen (born October 26, 1938) is a Dutch physicist.
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Phase (matter)
In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform.
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Photon
The photon is a type of elementary particle, the quantum of the electromagnetic field including electromagnetic radiation such as light, and the force carrier for the electromagnetic force (even when static via virtual particles).
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Physics Today
Physics Today is the membership magazine of the American Institute of Physics that was established in 1948.
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Pion
In particle physics, a pion (or a pi meson, denoted with the Greek letter pi) is any of three subatomic particles:,, and.
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QCD matter
Quark matter or QCD matter refers to any of a number of theorized phases of matter whose degrees of freedom include quarks and gluons.
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Quantum chromodynamics
In theoretical physics, quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the theory of the strong interaction between quarks and gluons, the fundamental particles that make up composite hadrons such as the proton, neutron and pion.
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Quantum field theory
In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is the theoretical framework for constructing quantum mechanical models of subatomic particles in particle physics and quasiparticles in condensed matter physics.
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Quantum gravity
Quantum gravity (QG) is a field of theoretical physics that seeks to describe gravity according to the principles of quantum mechanics, and where quantum effects cannot be ignored, such as near compact astrophysical objects where the effects of gravity are strong.
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Quantum mechanics
Quantum mechanics (QM; also known as quantum physics, quantum theory, the wave mechanical model, or matrix mechanics), including quantum field theory, is a fundamental theory in physics which describes nature at the smallest scales of energy levels of atoms and subatomic particles.
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Quark
A quark is a type of elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter.
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Renormalization
Renormalization is a collection of techniques in quantum field theory, the statistical mechanics of fields, and the theory of self-similar geometric structures, that are used to treat infinities arising in calculated quantities by altering values of quantities to compensate for effects of their self-interactions.
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Renormalon
In physics, a renormalon (a term suggested by 't Hooft) is a particular source of divergence seen in perturbative approximations to quantum field theories (QFT).
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Robbert Dijkgraaf
Robertus Henricus "Robbert" Dijkgraaf FRSE (Dutch:; born 24 January 1960) is a Dutch mathematical physicist and string theorist.
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Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, abbreviated: KNAW) is an organization dedicated to the advancement of science and literature in the Netherlands.
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S-duality
In theoretical physics, S-duality is an equivalence of two physical theories, which may be either quantum field theories or string theories.
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Slavnov–Taylor identities
In quantum field theory, a Slavnov-Taylor identity is the non-Abelian generalisation of a Ward-Takahashi identity, which in turn is an identity between correlation functions that follows from the global or gauged symmetries of a theory, and which remains valid after renormalization.
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Special unitary group
In mathematics, the special unitary group of degree, denoted, is the Lie group of unitary matrices with determinant 1.
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Spinoza Prize
The Spinoza Prize (Spinozapremie) is an annual award of 2.5 million Euro, to be spent on new research given by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research.
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Spontaneous symmetry breaking
Spontaneous symmetry breaking is a spontaneous process of symmetry breaking, by which a physical system in a symmetric state ends up in an asymmetric state.
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Stanford University
Stanford University (officially Leland Stanford Junior University, colloquially the Farm) is a private research university in Stanford, California.
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Stanley Deser
Stanley Deser (born 1931) is an American physicist known for his contributions to general relativity.
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Stephen Hawking
Stephen William Hawking (8 January 1942 – 14 March 2018) was an English theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and author, who was director of research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology at the University of Cambridge at the time of his death.
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String theory
In physics, string theory is a theoretical framework in which the point-like particles of particle physics are replaced by one-dimensional objects called strings.
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Strong interaction
In particle physics, the strong interaction is the mechanism responsible for the strong nuclear force (also called the strong force or nuclear strong force), and is one of the four known fundamental interactions, with the others being electromagnetism, the weak interaction, and gravitation.
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Supergravity
In theoretical physics, supergravity (supergravity theory; SUGRA for short) is a modern field theory that combines the principles of supersymmetry and general relativity where supersymmetry obeys locality; in contrast to non-gravitational supersymmetric theories such as the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model.
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Surname
A surname, family name, or last name is the portion of a personal name that indicates a person's family (or tribe or community, depending on the culture).
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The Hague
The Hague (Den Haag,, short for 's-Gravenhage) is a city on the western coast of the Netherlands and the capital of the province of South Holland.
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Theoretical physics
Theoretical physics is a branch of physics that employs mathematical models and abstractions of physical objects and systems to rationalize, explain and predict natural phenomena.
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Unitarity (physics)
In quantum physics, unitarity is a restriction on the allowed evolution of quantum systems that ensures the sum of probabilities of all possible outcomes of any event always equals 1.
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Utrecht University
Utrecht University (UU; Universiteit Utrecht, formerly Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht) is a university in Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Wilson loop
In gauge theory, a Wilson loop (named after Kenneth G. Wilson) is a gauge-invariant observable obtained from the holonomy of the gauge connection around a given loop.
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Wolf Prize
The Wolf Prize is an international award granted in Israel, that has been presented most years since 1978 to living scientists and artists for "achievements in the interest of mankind and friendly relations among people...
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Yang–Mills theory
Yang–Mills theory is a gauge theory based on the SU(''N'') group, or more generally any compact, reductive Lie algebra.
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Zoology
Zoology or animal biology is the branch of biology that studies the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct, and how they interact with their ecosystems.
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1/N expansion
In quantum field theory and statistical mechanics, the 1/N expansion (also known as the "large N" expansion) is a particular perturbative analysis of quantum field theories with an internal symmetry group such as SO(N) or SU(N).
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G. 't Hooft, Gerard t' Hooft, Gerard ‘t Hooft, Gerard ’t Hooft, Gerardus 'T Hooft, Gerardus 't Hooft, Gerardus T Hooft, Gerardus T'Hooft, Gerardus t'Hooft.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerard_'t_Hooft
