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35 relations: Anaphase-promoting complex, Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related, ATM serine/threonine kinase, Biochemical switches in the cell cycle, BRCA1, BRCA2, Cell cycle, Cell cycle analysis, Cell division, Chromosome segregation, Cohesin, Cyclin, Cyclin B, Cyclin-dependent kinase, DNA repair, DNA replication, Eukaryote, Fission (biology), G0 phase, G1 phase, G2 phase, G2-M DNA damage checkpoint, Hoboken, New Jersey, Meiotic recombination checkpoint, Metaphase, Mitosis, Positive feedback, Postreplication checkpoint, Prokaryote, S phase, Securin, Separase, Sister chromatids, Spindle apparatus, Spindle checkpoint.
Anaphase-promoting complex
Anaphase-promoting complex (also called the cyclosome or APC/C) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that marks target cell cycle proteins for degradation by the 26S proteasome.
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Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related
Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR also known as ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) or FRAP-related protein 1 (FRP1) is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the ATR gene.
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ATM serine/threonine kinase
ATM serine/threonine kinase, symbol ATM, is a serine/threonine protein kinase that is recruited and activated by DNA double-strand breaks.
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Biochemical switches in the cell cycle
A series of biochemical switches control transitions between and within the various phases of the cell cycle.
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BRCA1
BRCA1 and BRCA1 are a human gene and its protein product, respectively.
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BRCA2
BRCA2 and BRCA2 are a human gene and its protein product, respectively.
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Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication of its DNA (DNA replication) to produce two daughter cells.
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Cell cycle analysis
Cell cycle analysis by DNA content measurement is a method that most frequently employs flow cytometry to distinguish cells in different phases of the cell cycle.
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Cell division
Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells.
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Chromosome segregation
Chromosome segregation is the process in eukaryotes by which two sister chromatids formed as a consequence of DNA replication, or paired homologous chromosomes, separate from each other and migrate to opposite poles of the nucleus.
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Cohesin
Cohesin is a protein complex that regulates the separation of sister chromatids during cell division, either mitosis or meiosis.
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Cyclin
Cyclin is a family of proteins that control the progression of cells through the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) enzymes.
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Cyclin B
Cyclin B is a member of the cyclin family.
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Cyclin-dependent kinase
Gap phase 2. The duration of mitosis in relation to the other phases has been exaggerated in this diagram Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are a family of sugar kinases first discovered for their role in regulating the cell cycle.
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DNA repair
DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome.
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DNA replication
In molecular biology, DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule.
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Eukaryote
Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes, unlike Prokaryotes (Bacteria and other Archaea).
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Fission (biology)
Fission, in biology, is the division of a single entity into two or more parts and the regeneration of those parts into separate entities resembling the original.
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G0 phase
The G0 phase describes a cellular state outside of the replicative cell cycle.
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G1 phase
The g1 phase, or Gap 1 phase, is the first of four phases of the cell cycle that takes place in eukaryotic cell division.
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G2 phase
G2 phase, or Gap 2 phase, is the second subphase of Interphase in the cell cycle directly preceding mitosis.
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G2-M DNA damage checkpoint
The G2-M DNA damage checkpoint is an important cell cycle checkpoint in eukaryotic organisms ranging from yeast to mammals.
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Hoboken, New Jersey
Hoboken (Unami: Hupokàn) is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States.
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Meiotic recombination checkpoint
The meiotic recombination checkpoint monitors the meiotic recombination during meiosis, and blocks the entry into metaphase I if the recombination is not efficiently processed.
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Metaphase
Metaphase (from the Greek μετά, "adjacent" and φάσις, "stage") is a stage of mitosis in the eukaryotic cell cycle in which chromosomes are at their second-most condensed and coiled stage (they are at their most condensed in anaphase).
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Mitosis
In cell biology, mitosis is a part of the cell cycle when replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei.
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Positive feedback
Positive feedback is a process that occurs in a feedback loop in which the effects of a small disturbance on a system include an increase in the magnitude of the perturbation.
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Postreplication checkpoint
A postreplication checkpoint is a DNA damage checkpoint response that provides time for the repair of daughter-strand gaps generated by the eukaryotic replication fork at sites of DNA damage.
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Prokaryote
A prokaryote is a unicellular organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane-bound organelle.
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S phase
S phase (synthesis phase) is the part of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated, occurring between G1 phase and G2 phase.
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Securin
Securin is a protein involved in control of the metaphase-anaphase transition and anaphase onset.
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Separase
Separase, also known as separin, is a cysteine protease responsible for triggering anaphase by hydrolysing cohesin, which is the protein responsible for binding sister chromatids during the early stage of anaphase.
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Sister chromatids
A sister chromatid refers to the identical copies (chromatids) formed by the replication of a chromosome, with both copies joined together by a common centromere.
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Spindle apparatus
In cell biology, the spindle apparatus (or mitotic spindle) refers to the cytoskeletal structure of eukaryotic cells that forms during cell division to separate sister chromatids between daughter cells.
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Spindle checkpoint
During the process of cell division, the spindle checkpoint prevents separation of the duplicated chromosomes until each chromosome is properly attached to the spindle apparatus.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_cycle_checkpoint
