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Gasoline direct injection

Index Gasoline direct injection

In non-diesel internal combustion engines, gasoline direct injection (GDI), also known as petrol direct injection, direct petrol injection, spark-ignited direct injection (SIDI) and fuel-stratified injection (FSI), is a variant of fuel injection employed in modern two-stroke and four-stroke gasoline engines. [1]

174 relations: Acura RLX, Air pollution, Air–fuel ratio, Aircraft engine, Alfa Romeo, Alfa Romeo 156, AMC Hornet, American Motors Corporation, Antoinette (manufacturer), Antoinette 8V, Antoinette VII, Aprilia SR50, Atlanta Assembly, Audi, Audi A4, Audi R8, Audi R8 (LMP), BMW, BMW 801, BMW N43, BMW N53, BMW N54, BMW N63, BMW N73, Bombardier Recreational Products, Cadillac CTS, Cadillac STS, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Carbon dioxide, Catalytic converter, Chemical Automatics Design Bureau, Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation), Citroën C5, Colorado State University, Combustion chamber, Common rail, Cylinder (engine), Cylinder head, Daimler-Benz DB 601, Daimler-Benz DB 603, Daimler-Benz DB 605, Diesel fuel, E85, Enduro, Engine knocking, Engineer, Envirofit International, European emission standards, Evinrude Outboard Motors, Exhaust gas recirculation, ..., Ferrari, Ferrari 458, Ferrari California, Ford Crown Victoria, Ford Duratec engine, Ford EcoBoost engine, Ford Flex, Ford Mondeo, Ford Motor Company, Ford Taurus SHO, Four-stroke engine, Fuel efficiency, Fuel injection, Gasoline, GM Ecotec engine, Goliath (company), Groupe PSA, Gutbrod, Hans Scherenberg, Hapeville, Georgia, Hesselman engine, Holden Commodore, Honda, Honda Stream, Hyundai Motor Company, Hyundai Sonata, Hyundai Theta engine, Infiniti, Infiniti M, Inlet manifold, Inline-four engine, Internal combustion engine, Isuzu Motors, Johnson Outboards, Jonas Hesselman, JTS engine, Junkers Jumo 210, Junkers Jumo 211, Junkers Jumo 213, Kirchseeon, KTM, Léon Levavasseur, Le Mans Prototype, Lean-burn, Mazda, Mazda6, Mercedes-Benz, Mercedes-Benz 300 SL, Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class, Mini (marque), Mitsubishi 6G7 engine, Mitsubishi Carisma, Mitsubishi Galant, Mitsubishi Motors, Motorcycle, Motus MST, New European Driving Cycle, Nissan, Nissan Leopard, Nissan VK engine, Nissan VQ engine, Nitrogen oxide, Octane rating, Opel, Opel Signum, Opel Vectra, Orbital Corporation, Otto cycle, Outboard Marine Corporation, Oval, Patent, Petrol engine, Peugeot 406, Piston, Porsche, Porsche 997, Porsche Boxster/Cayman, Power (physics), Renault, Renault Mégane, Robert Bosch GmbH, SAE International, Saturn Sky, Scooter (motorcycle), Shvetsov ASh-82, SkyActiv, Southeast Asia, Spark plug, Split-single, Stoichiometry, Straight-six engine, Stratified charge engine, Supercharger, TÜV NORD, Toroid, Toyota, Toyota Avensis, Toyota AZ engine, Toyota GR engine, Toyota NZ engine, Toyota SZ engine, Turbo fuel stratified injection, Turbocharger, Two-stroke engine, United States Department of Energy, United States Environmental Protection Agency, V12 engine, V6 engine, V8 engine, Vapor lock, Variable valve timing, Variable-length intake manifold, Vauxhall, VDL Nedcar, Volkswagen Golf Mk4, Volkswagen Group, Volkswagen Lupo, Volkswagen Polo Mk4, Volvo, Water injection (engine), World Health Organization, World War II, Wright R-3350 Duplex-Cyclone, 24 Hours of Le Mans. Expand index (124 more) »

Acura RLX

The Acura RLX is an executive car manufactured by Honda and sold under their Acura division, released in 2013.

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Air pollution

Air pollution occurs when harmful or excessive quantities of substances including gases, particulates, and biological molecules are introduced into Earth's atmosphere.

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Air–fuel ratio

Air–fuel ratio (AFR) is the mass ratio of air to a solid, liquid, or gaseous fuel present in a combustion process.

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Aircraft engine

An aircraft engine is the component of the propulsion system for an aircraft that generates mechanical power.

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Alfa Romeo

Alfa Romeo Automobiles S.p.A. is a car manufacturer, founded by Frenchman Alexandre Darracq as A.L.F.A. (" Anonima Lombarda Fabbrica Automobili", "Lombard Automobile Factory Company") on 24 June 1910, in Milan.

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Alfa Romeo 156

The Alfa Romeo 156 (Tipo 932) is a compact executive car produced by the Italian automobile manufacturer Alfa Romeo.

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AMC Hornet

The AMC Hornet is a compact automobile, manufactured and marketed by American Motors Corporation (AMC) in a single generation from model years 1970 through 1977 — in sedan, wagon and hatchback coupe configurations.

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American Motors Corporation

American Motors Corporation (AMC) was an American automobile company formed by the 1954 merger of Nash-Kelvinator Corporation and Hudson Motor Car Company.

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Antoinette (manufacturer)

Antoinette was a French manufacturer of light petrol engines.

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Antoinette 8V

The Antoinette 8V was an early French eight-cylinder, liquid-cooled, V engine, the first gasoline-fueled, spark plug ignition engine of any kind produced with fuel injection in quantity.

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Antoinette VII

The Antoinette VII was an early French aircraft, flown in 1909.

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Aprilia SR50

The Aprilia SR50 is a scooter built by Aprilia.

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Atlanta Assembly

Atlanta Assembly was an automobile factory owned by Ford Motor Company in Hapeville, Georgia.

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Audi

Audi AG is a German automobile manufacturer that designs, engineers, produces, markets and distributes luxury vehicles.

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Audi A4

The Audi A4 is a line of compact executive cars produced since 1994 by the German car manufacturer Audi, a subsidiary of the Volkswagen Group.

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Audi R8

The Audi R8 is a mid-engine, 2-seater sports car, which uses Audi's trademark quattro permanent all-wheel drive system.

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Audi R8 (LMP)

The Audi R8 is a Le Mans Prototype sports-prototype race car introduced in 2000 for sports car racing as a redevelopment of their Audi R8R (open top LMP) and Audi R8C (closed top LMGTP) used in 1999.

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BMW

BMW (Bayerische Motoren Werke in German, or Bavarian Motor Works in English) is a German multinational company which currently produces luxury automobiles and motorcycles, and also produced aircraft engines until 1945.

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BMW 801

The BMW 801 was a powerful German air-cooled 14-cylinder-radial aircraft engine built by BMW and used in a number of German Luftwaffe aircraft of World War II.

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BMW N43

The BMW N43 is a straight-4 naturally aspirated DOHC engine which was sold from 2006-2013.

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BMW N53

The BMW N53 is a naturally aspirated straight-6 petrol engine which was produced from 2006 to 2014.

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BMW N54

The BMW N54 is a turbocharged straight-6 petrol engine that was produced from 2006 to 2016.

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BMW N63

The BMW N63 is a twin-turbo DOHC V8 engine which has been in production since 2008 to present.

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BMW N73

The BMW N73 is a V12 DOHC petrol engine which replaced the M73 and was produced from 2003–2016.

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Bombardier Recreational Products

BRP Inc. (Bombardier Recreational Products) is a Canadian company making various vehicles.

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Cadillac CTS

The Cadillac CTS is a mid-size luxury car / executive car designed, engineered, manufactured and marketed by General Motors, and now in its third generation.

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Cadillac STS

The Cadillac STS (Seville Touring Sedan) is a mid-sized luxury 4-door sedan manufactured and sold by General Motors from 2004 to 2011 for the 2005 to 2011 model years.

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Cambridge, Massachusetts

Cambridge is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, and part of the Boston metropolitan area.

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Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide (chemical formula) is a colorless gas with a density about 60% higher than that of dry air.

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Catalytic converter

A catalytic converter is an exhaust emission control device that converts toxic gases and pollutants in exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine into less-toxic pollutants by catalyzing a redox reaction (an oxidation and a reduction reaction).

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Chemical Automatics Design Bureau

Chemical Automatics Design Bureau (CADB), also KB Khimavtomatika (Конструкторское бюро химавтоматики, КБХА, KBKhA), is a Russian design bureau founded by the NKAP (People's Commissariat of the Aircraft Industry) in 1941 and led by Semyon Kosberg until his death in 1965.

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Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

The fifth-generation Chevrolet Camaro is a pony car produced by Chevrolet.

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Citroën C5

The Citroën C5 is a large family car produced by the French manufacturer Citroën since March 2001, and now in its second generation.

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Colorado State University

Colorado State University (also referred to as Colorado State, State, and CSU) is a public research university located in Fort Collins, in the U.S. state of Colorado.

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Combustion chamber

A combustion chamber is that part of an internal combustion engine (ICE) in which the fuel/air mix is burned.

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Common rail

Common rail direct fuel injection is a direct fuel injection system for diesel engines.

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Cylinder (engine)

A cylinder is the central working part of a reciprocating engine or pump, the space in which a piston travels.

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Cylinder head

In an internal combustion engine, the cylinder head (often informally abbreviated to just head) sits above the cylinders on top of the cylinder block.

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Daimler-Benz DB 601

The Daimler-Benz DB 601 was a German aircraft engine built during World War II.

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Daimler-Benz DB 603

The Daimler-Benz DB 603 engine was a German aircraft engine used during World War II.

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Daimler-Benz DB 605

The Daimler-Benz DB 605 is a German aircraft engine, built during World War II.

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Diesel fuel

Diesel fuel in general is any liquid fuel used in diesel engines, whose fuel ignition takes place, without any spark, as a result of compression of the inlet air mixture and then injection of fuel.

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E85

E85 is an abbreviation typically referring to an ethanol fuel blend of 85% ethanol fuel and 15% gasoline or other hydrocarbon by volume.

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Enduro

Enduro is a form of motorcycle sport run on extended cross-country, off-road courses.

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Engine knocking

Knocking (also knock,, spark knock, pinging or pinking) in spark-ignition internal combustion engines occurs when combustion of some of the air/fuel mixture in the cylinder does not result from propagation of the flame front ignited by the spark plug, but one or more pockets of air/fuel mixture explode outside the envelope of the normal combustion front.

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Engineer

Engineers, as practitioners of engineering, are people who invent, design, analyze, build, and test machines, systems, structures and materials to fulfill objectives and requirements while considering the limitations imposed by practicality, regulation, safety, and cost.

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Envirofit International

Envirofit International is a social enterprise established in 2003 to develop technology that will reduce pollution and enhance energy efficiency in developing countries.

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European emission standards

European emission standards define the acceptable limits for exhaust emissions of new vehicles sold in EU and EEA member states.

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Evinrude Outboard Motors

Evinrude Outboard Motors is an American company that builds a major brand of outboard motors for boats.

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Exhaust gas recirculation

In internal combustion engines, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is a nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions reduction technique used in petrol/gasoline and diesel engines.

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Ferrari

Ferrari N.V. is an Italian luxury sports car manufacturer based in Maranello.

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Ferrari 458

The Ferrari 458 Italia is a mid-engined sports car produced by the Italian sports car manufacturer Ferrari.

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Ferrari California

The Ferrari California is a grand touring sports car produced by the Italian manufacturer Ferrari N.V. It is a two-door 2+2 hard top convertible.

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Ford Crown Victoria

The Ford Crown Victoria (colloquially called the Crown Vic) is a rear-wheel-drive full-size four-door sedan that was marketed and manufactured by Ford from the 1992 to the 2011 model years over two generations.

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Ford Duratec engine

Duratec is a brand name of the Ford Motor Company used for the company's range of gasoline-powered four-cylinder, five-cylinder and six-cylinder passenger car engines.

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Ford EcoBoost engine

EcoBoost is a series of turbocharged, direct-injection gasoline engines produced by Ford and originally co-developed by German company FEV Engineering and Mazda.The Ecoboost 2L and 2.3L are Ford turbocharged versions of the Mazda L engine.

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Ford Flex

The Ford Flex is a mid-size crossover SUV manufactured by the Ford Motor Company since the 2009 model year.

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Ford Mondeo

The Ford Mondeo is a mid-sized or large family car manufactured by Ford since 1993.

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Ford Motor Company

Ford Motor Company (commonly referred to simply as "Ford") is an American multinational automaker headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit.

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Ford Taurus SHO

The Ford Taurus SHO (Super High Output) is the high-performance variant of the Ford Taurus.

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Four-stroke engine

A four-stroke (also four-cycle) engine is an internal combustion (IC) engine in which the piston completes four separate strokes while turning the crankshaft.

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Fuel efficiency

Fuel efficiency is a form of thermal efficiency, meaning the ratio from effort to result of a process that converts chemical potential energy contained in a carrier (fuel) into kinetic energy or work.

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Fuel injection

Fuel injection is the introduction of fuel in an internal combustion engine, most commonly automotive engines, by the means of an injector.

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Gasoline

Gasoline (American English), or petrol (British English), is a transparent, petroleum-derived liquid that is used primarily as a fuel in spark-ignited internal combustion engines.

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GM Ecotec engine

The GM Ecotec engine, also known by its codename L850, is a family of all-aluminium inline-four engines, displacing between 2.0 and 2.5 litres.

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Goliath (company)

Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. was a German car manufacturer started by Carl F. W. Borgward and Wilhelm Tecklenborg in 1928, and was part of the Borgward group.

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Groupe PSA

Groupe PSA (informally PSA; PSA Group in English; formerly known as PSA Peugeot Citroën from 1991 to 2016) is a French multinational manufacturer of automobiles and motorcycles sold under the Peugeot, Citroën, DS, Opel and Vauxhall brands.

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Gutbrod

Gutbrod was a German manufacturer of cars, motorcycles and small agricultural machinery.

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Hans Scherenberg

Professor Doctor Hans Scherenberg (born Dresden 28 October 1910, died Stuttgart 17 November 2000) was a German automobile engineer and executive.

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Hapeville, Georgia

Hapeville is a city in Fulton County, Georgia, United States, located adjacent to the city of Atlanta.

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Hesselman engine

The Hesselman engine is a hybrid between a petrol engine and a Diesel engine introduced by Swedish engineer Jonas Hesselman in 1925.

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Holden Commodore

The Holden Commodore is a medium to large sedan sold by Holden since 1978.

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Honda

is a Japanese public multinational conglomerate corporation primarily known as a manufacturer of automobiles, aircraft, motorcycles, and power equipment.

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Honda Stream

The Honda Stream is a compact MPV manufactured by the Japanese automaker Honda since October 2000.

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Hyundai Motor Company

The Hyundai Motor Company (modernity) is a South Korean multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Seoul, South Korea.

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Hyundai Sonata

The Hyundai Sonata (현대 쏘나타) is a mid-size car produced by the South Korean manufacturer Hyundai since 1985.

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Hyundai Theta engine

The Hyundai Theta (G4KC) is a gasoline four-cylinder automobile engine family.

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Infiniti

is the luxury vehicle division of Japanese automaker Nissan.

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Infiniti M

The Infiniti M is a line of mid-size luxury (executive) cars from the Infiniti luxury division of Nissan.

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Inlet manifold

In automotive engineering, an inlet manifold or intake manifold (in American English) is the part of an engine that supplies the fuel/air mixture to the cylinders.

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Inline-four engine

The inline-four engine or straight-four engine is a type of inline internal combustion four-cylinder engine with all four cylinders mounted in a straight line, or plane along the crankcase.

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Internal combustion engine

An internal combustion engine (ICE) is a heat engine where the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit.

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Isuzu Motors

, trading as Isuzu, is a Japanese commercial vehicle and diesel engine manufacturing company headquartered in Tokyo.

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Johnson Outboards

Johnson Outboards was a US based manufacturer of outboard motors.

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Jonas Hesselman

Jonas Hesselman (18771957), was a Swedish engineer.

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JTS engine

The JTS engine (Jet Thrust Stoichiometric) is a gasoline direct injection engine produced by Alfa Romeo.

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Junkers Jumo 210

The Jumo 210 was Junkers Motoren's first production inverted V12 gasoline aircraft engine, produced just before the start of World War II.

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Junkers Jumo 211

The Jumo 211 was an inverted V-12 aircraft engine, Junkers Motoren's primary aircraft engine of World War II.

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Junkers Jumo 213

The Junkers Jumo 213 was a World War II-era V-12 liquid-cooled aircraft engine, a development of Junkers Motoren's earlier design, the Jumo 211.

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Kirchseeon

Kirchseeon is a market town in the Upper Bavarian district of Ebersberg and lies 15 km east of Munich city limits.

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KTM

KTM AG (the former KTM Sportmotorcycle AG) is an Austrian motorcycle and sports car manufacturer owned by KTM Industries AG and Indian manufacturer Bajaj Auto.

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Léon Levavasseur

Léon Levavasseur (8 January 1863 – 26 February 1922) was a French powerplant engineer, aircraft designer and inventor.

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Le Mans Prototype

A Le Mans Prototype (LMP) is the type of sports prototype race car used in the 24 Hours of Le Mans, FIA World Endurance Championship, WeatherTech SportsCar Championship, European Le Mans Series and Asian Le Mans Series.

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Lean-burn

Lean-burn refers to the burning of fuel with an excess of air in an internal combustion engine.

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Mazda

, commonly referred to as simply Mazda, is a Japanese multinational automaker based in Fuchū, Aki District, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan.

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Mazda6

The Mazda 6 or Mazda6 (known as the Mazda Atenza in China and Japan, derived from the Italian attenzione) is a mid-size family car produced by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Mazda since 2002.

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Mercedes-Benz

Mercedes-Benz is a global automobile marque and a division of the German company Daimler AG.

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Mercedes-Benz 300 SL

The Mercedes-Benz 300 SL (W198) was the first iteration of the SL-Class grand tourer and fastest production car of its day.

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Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class

The Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class is a series of mid-size luxury cars produced by Mercedes-Benz since 2004.

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Mini (marque)

Mini (stylised as MINI) is a British automotive marque, owned by BMW since 2000, and used by them for a range of small cars.

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Mitsubishi 6G7 engine

The 6G7 or Cyclone V6 engine is a series of V6 piston engines from Mitsubishi Motors.

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Mitsubishi Carisma

The Mitsubishi Carisma is a large family car, EuroNCAP produced for the European market by Mitsubishi from 1995 to 2004.

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Mitsubishi Galant

The Mitsubishi Galant is an automobile which was produced by Japanese manufacturer Mitsubishi from 1969 to 2012.

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Mitsubishi Motors

is a Japanese multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan.

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Motorcycle

A motorcycle, often called a bike, motorbike, or cycle, is a two-> or three-wheeled motor vehicle.

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Motus MST

The Motus MST is a sport touring motorcycle that was announced to be produced in 2014 by Motus Motorcycles of Birmingham, Alabama.

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New European Driving Cycle

The New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) is a driving cycle, last updated in 1997, designed to assess the emission levels of car engines and fuel economy in passenger cars (which excludes light trucks and commercial vehicles).

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Nissan

, usually shortened to Nissan (or; Japanese), is a Japanese multinational automobile manufacturer headquartered in Nishi-ku, Yokohama.

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Nissan Leopard

The Nissan Leopard is a line of sport/luxury cars built by Japanese carmaker Nissan.

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Nissan VK engine

The VK engine (formerly known as the ZH) is a V8 piston engine from Nissan.

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Nissan VQ engine

The VQ is a V6 piston engine produced by Nissan with displacements varying from 2.0 L to 4.0 L.

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Nitrogen oxide

Nitrogen oxide may refer to a binary compound of oxygen and nitrogen, or a mixture of such compounds.

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Octane rating

An octane rating, or octane number, is a standard measure of the performance of an engine or aviation fuel.

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Opel

Opel (Opel) is a German automobile manufacturer, subsidiary of French automaker Groupe PSA since August 2017.

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Opel Signum

The Opel Signum is a large family car that was engineered and manufactured by the German automaker Opel from 2003 to 2008.

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Opel Vectra

The Opel Vectra is a large family car that was engineered and produced by the German automaker Opel.

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Orbital Corporation

Orbital Corporation Limited, formerly Orbital Engine Corporation Limited pioneered by Ralph Sarich, is an Australian company based in Balcatta, Western Australia, that aims to provide clean engine technologies and alternative fuel systems with reduced environmental impact from gas emissions and improved fuel economy.

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Otto cycle

An Otto cycle is an idealized thermodynamic cycle that describes the functioning of a typical spark ignition piston engine.

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Outboard Marine Corporation

Outboard Marine Corporation (OMC) was a maker of Evinrude, Johnson and Gale Outboard Motors boat motors and many different brands of boats.

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Oval

An oval (from Latin ovum, "egg") is a closed curve in a plane which "loosely" resembles the outline of an egg.

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Patent

A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a sovereign state or intergovernmental organization to an inventor or assignee for a limited period of time in exchange for detailed public disclosure of an invention.

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Petrol engine

A petrol engine (known as a gasoline engine in American English) is an internal combustion engine with spark-ignition, designed to run on petrol (gasoline) and similar volatile fuels.

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Peugeot 406

The Peugeot 406 is a large family car that was produced by French automaker Peugeot between 1995 and 2004.

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Piston

A piston is a component of reciprocating engines, reciprocating pumps, gas compressors and pneumatic cylinders, among other similar mechanisms.

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Porsche

Dr.-Ing.

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Porsche 997

997 is the internal designation for the Porsche 911 sports car manufactured and sold by German manufacturer Porsche between 2004 (as Model Year 2005) and 2012.

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Porsche Boxster/Cayman

The Porsche Boxster and Cayman are mid-engined two-seater sports cars built by Porsche.

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Power (physics)

In physics, power is the rate of doing work, the amount of energy transferred per unit time.

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Renault

Groupe Renault is a French multinational automobile manufacturer established in 1899.

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Renault Mégane

The Renault Mégane is a small family car produced by the French manufacturer Renault since 1995, and was the successor to the Renault 19.

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Robert Bosch GmbH

Robert Bosch GmbH, or Bosch, is a German multinational engineering and electronics company headquartered in Gerlingen, near Stuttgart, Germany.

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SAE International

SAE International, initially established as the Society of Automotive Engineers, is a U.S.-based, globally active professional association and standards developing organization for engineering professionals in various industries.

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Saturn Sky

The Saturn Sky is a roadster that was produced by Saturn, and was initially released in the first quarter of 2006 as a 2007 model.

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Scooter (motorcycle)

A scooter (also referred to as a motor scooter to avoid confusion with kick scooter, but not to be confused with a motorized scooter) is a type of motorcycle with a step-through frame and a platform for the rider's feet.

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Shvetsov ASh-82

The Shvetsov ASh-82 (M-82) is a Soviet 14-cylinder, two-row, air-cooled radial aircraft engine developed from the Shvetsov M-62.

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SkyActiv

SKYACTIV is a brand name for a series of technologies developed by Mazda which increase fuel efficiency and engine output.

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Southeast Asia

Southeast Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Australia.

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Spark plug

A spark plug (sometimes, in British English, a sparking plug, and, colloquially, a plug) is a device for delivering electric current from an ignition system to the combustion chamber of a spark-ignition engine to ignite the compressed fuel/air mixture by an electric spark, while containing combustion pressure within the engine.

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Split-single

The split-single (Doppelkolbenmotor to its German and Austrian manufacturers), is a variant on the two-stroke engine with two cylinders sharing a single combustion chamber.

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Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry is the calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions.

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Straight-six engine

The straight-six engine or inline-six engine (often abbreviated I6 or L6) is an internal combustion engine with the cylinders mounted in a straight line along the crankcase with all the pistons driving a common crankshaft (straight engine).

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Stratified charge engine

A stratified charge engine describes a certain type of internal combustion engine, usually spark ignition (SI) engine that can be used in trucks, automobiles, portable and stationary equipment.

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Supercharger

A supercharger is an air compressor that increases the pressure or density of air supplied to an internal combustion engine.

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TÜV NORD

TÜV NORD GROUP is a technical service provider with worldwide activities.

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Toroid

In mathematics, a toroid is a surface of revolution with a hole in the middle, like a doughnut, forming a solid body.

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Toyota

, usually shortened to Toyota, is a Japanese multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota, Aichi, Japan.

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Toyota Avensis

The Toyota Avensis is a mid-size/large family car built in Derbyshire, United Kingdom by Japanese automaker Toyota from October 1997.

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Toyota AZ engine

The Toyota AZ engine family is a straight-4 piston engine series.

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Toyota GR engine

The Toyota GR engine family is an open-deck, V6 piston engine series.

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Toyota NZ engine

The Toyota NZ engine family is a straight-4 piston engine series.

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Toyota SZ engine

The Toyota SZ engine family is a straight-4 piston engine series with its exhaust facing forward.

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Turbo fuel stratified injection

Turbo fuel stratified injection (TFSI) is a trademark of the Volkswagen Group for a type of forced-aspiration ("turbo") engine where the fuel is pressure-injected straight into the combustion chamber in such a way as to create a stratified charge.

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Turbocharger

A turbocharger, or colloquially turbo, is a turbine-driven forced induction device that increases an internal combustion engine's efficiency and power output by forcing extra air into the combustion chamber.

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Two-stroke engine

A two-stroke (or two-cycle) engine is a type of internal combustion engine which completes a power cycle with two strokes (up and down movements) of the piston during only one crankshaft revolution.

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United States Department of Energy

The United States Department of Energy (DOE) is a cabinet-level department of the United States Government concerned with the United States' policies regarding energy and safety in handling nuclear material.

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United States Environmental Protection Agency

The Environmental Protection Agency is an independent agency of the United States federal government for environmental protection.

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V12 engine

A V12 engine is a V engine with 12 cylinders mounted on the crankcase in two banks of six cylinders each, usually but not always at a 60° angle to each other, with all 12 pistons driving a common crankshaft.

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V6 engine

A V6 engine is a V engine with six cylinders mounted on the crankshaft in two banks of three cylinders, usually set at either a 60 or 90 degree angle to each other.

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V8 engine

A V8 engine is an eight-cylinder V configuration engine with the cylinders mounted on the crankcase in two sets (or banks) of four, with all eight pistons driving a common crankshaft.

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Vapor lock

Vapor lock is a problem that mostly affects gasoline-fueled internal combustion engines.

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Variable valve timing

In internal combustion engines, variable valve timing (VVT) is the process of altering the timing of a valve lift event, and is often used to improve performance, fuel economy or emissions.

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Variable-length intake manifold

In internal combustion engines, a variable-length intake manifold (VLIM),variable intake manifold (VIM), or variable intake system (VIS) is an automobile internal combustion engine manifold technology.

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Vauxhall

Vauxhall is a mixed commercial and residential district of southwest London in the London Borough of Lambeth.

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VDL Nedcar

VDL Nedcar is an automotive manufacturing company in Born, Netherlands.

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Volkswagen Golf Mk4

The Volkswagen Golf Mk4 (or VW Type 1J) is a compact car, the fourth generation of the Volkswagen Golf and the successor to the Volkswagen Golf Mk3. Launched in October 1997, it was the best selling car in Europe in 2001 (though it slipped to second place, behind the Peugeot 206, in 2002). The Mk4 was a deliberate attempt to take the Volkswagen Golf series further upmarket, with a high-quality interior and higher equipment levels. It was replaced in 2004 by the Volkswagen Golf Mk5 in European Markets. However, manufacturing continued in South America, Mexico and China for developing markets until 2010. The Mk4 was sold in Japan, but starting with this generation and subsequent generations, it no longer complied with Japanese Government dimension regulations which affected sales, imposing an annual tax on Japanese consumers for owning a vehicle that exceeded the maximum width limit.

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Volkswagen Group

Volkswagen AG, known internationally as the Volkswagen Group, is a German multinational automotive manufacturing company headquartered in Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony, Germany.

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Volkswagen Lupo

The Volkswagen Lupo is a city car produced by the German car manufacturer Volkswagen from 1998 to 2005.

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Volkswagen Polo Mk4

The Volkswagen Polo Mk4 is the fourth generation of the Volkswagen Polo supermini car produced by the German manufacturer Volkswagen.

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Volvo

The Volvo Group (Volvokoncernen; legally Aktiebolaget Volvo, shortened to AB Volvo) (stylized as VOLVO) is a Swedish multinational manufacturing company headquartered in Gothenburg.

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Water injection (engine)

In internal combustion engines, water injection, also known as anti-detonant injection (ADI), can spray water into the incoming air or fuel-air mixture, or directly into the cylinder to cool certain parts of the induction system where "hot points" could produce premature ignition.

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World Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO; French: Organisation mondiale de la santé) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with international public health.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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Wright R-3350 Duplex-Cyclone

The Wright R-3350 Duplex-Cyclone was one of the most powerful radial aircraft engines produced in the United States.

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24 Hours of Le Mans

The 24 Hours of Le Mans (24 Heures du Mans) is the world's oldest active sports car race in endurance racing, held annually since near the town of Le Mans, France.

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Direct Injection Spark Ignition, Direct petrol injection, Fuel Straight Injection, Fuel Stratified Injection, Fuel stratified injection, GDI Engine, Gasoline Direct Injection, Gasoline Direct Injection Engine, Gasoline Direct injection, Gasoline direct injection engine, Gasoline direct injection engines, High Precision Injection, Mitsubishi GDI, Petrol direct injection, Spark Ignition Direct Injection.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasoline_direct_injection

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