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Twin

Index Twin

Twins are two offspring produced by the same pregnancy. [1]

156 relations: Abdominal ultrasonography, Amnion, Amniotic sac, Anemia, Aneuploidy, Anovulation, Assisted reproductive technology, Associated Press, BBC World Service, Birth weight, Blastocyst, Blastomere, Brain, Caesarean section, Cat, Cattle, Cândido Godói, Central Africa, Central Intelligence Agency, Cerebral palsy, Chimera (genetics), Chorion, Christiaan Monden, Chromosomal crossover, Chromosome, Clomifene, Complications of pregnancy, Conjoined twins, Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, Coronal plane, Cryptophasia, Deer, Dog, Doppelgänger, Early Human Development, Ectopic pregnancy, Egg cell, Embryo, Embryo transfer, Epigenetics, Ethnic group, European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology, Evil twin, Ferret, Fertilisation, Fertility medication, Fetus, Fingerprint, Fort Collins, Colorado, Freemartin, ..., Gemini (astrology), Genetic testing, Genetics, Genome, Germany, Gestational age, Giant panda, Growth hormone, Hausa people, Heart, Hesse, Heterotopic pregnancy, Human nature, Idioglossia, Igbo-Ora, Imaginova, In vitro fertilisation, Incest between twins, India, Informa, Insulin-like growth factor, Intersex, Josef Mengele, Karyotype, Kerala, Klinefelter syndrome, Kodinhi, Language development, Latin America, List of multiple births, List of twins, Litter (animal), Liver, Look-alike, Malaria, Marmoset, Medicine, Meiosis, Miscarriage, Mixed twins, Mohammadpur Umri, Monoamniotic twins, Monochorionic twins, Mosaic (genetics), Multiple birth, Multiracial, National Center for Health Statistics, Natural environment, Nature (journal), Nazism, New Scientist, Nigeria, Numeral prefix, Obstetric ultrasonography, Offspring, Ovary, Ovulation, Parasitic twin, Parasitism, Phenotype, Philadelphia, Phytoestrogens, Placenta, Polar body, Polycythemia, Polyploid, Pregnancy, Preterm birth, Psychology, Rheumatoid arthritis, Sagittal plane, Sheep, Sibling, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Sister city, Situs inversus, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Sperm, Stillbirth, Superfecundation, Superfetation, Tamarin, Taylor & Francis, The Guardian, The Lancet, The World Factbook, Triple X syndrome, Turner syndrome, Twin, Twin study, Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, Twins in mythology, Uniparental disomy, United States, USA Today, Uttar Pradesh, Vaginal delivery, Vanishing twin, Veganism, WebMD, West Africa, Yam (vegetable), Yoruba people, Zygosity, Zygote. Expand index (106 more) »

Abdominal ultrasonography

Abdominal ultrasonography (also called abdominal ultrasound imaging or abdominal sonography) is a form of medical ultrasonography (medical application of ultrasound technology) to visualise abdominal anatomical structures.

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Amnion

The amnion is a membrane that closely covers the embryo when first formed.

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Amniotic sac

The amniotic sac, commonly called the bag of waters, sometimes the membranes, is the sac in which the fetus develops in amniotes.

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Anemia

Anemia is a decrease in the total amount of red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin in the blood, or a lowered ability of the blood to carry oxygen.

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Aneuploidy

Aneuploidy is the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell, for example a human cell having 45 or 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46.

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Anovulation

Anovulation is when the ovaries do not release an oocyte during a menstrual cycle.

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Assisted reproductive technology

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is the technology used to achieve pregnancy in procedures such as fertility medication, in vitro fertilization and surrogacy.

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Associated Press

The Associated Press (AP) is a U.S.-based not-for-profit news agency headquartered in New York City.

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BBC World Service

The BBC World Service, the world's largest international broadcaster, broadcasts radio and television news, speech and discussions in over 30 languages to many parts of the world on analogue and digital shortwave platforms, Internet streaming, podcasting, satellite, DAB, FM and MW relays.

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Birth weight

Birth weight is the body weight of a baby at its birth.

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Blastocyst

The blastocyst is a structure formed in the early development of mammals.

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Blastomere

In biology, blastocoel is a type of cell produced by cleavage (cell division) of the zygote after fertilization and is an essential part of blastula formation.

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Brain

The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals.

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Caesarean section

Caesarean section, also known as C-section or caesarean delivery, is the use of surgery to deliver one or more babies.

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Cat

The domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus or Felis catus) is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.

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Cattle

Cattle—colloquially cows—are the most common type of large domesticated ungulates.

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Cândido Godói

Cândido Godói is a municipality of 6,641 inhabitants in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil near the Argentine border, famous for the high number of twins born there.

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Central Africa

Central Africa is the core region of the African continent which includes Burundi, the Central African Republic, Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Rwanda.

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Central Intelligence Agency

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the United States federal government, tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT).

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Cerebral palsy

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of permanent movement disorders that appear in early childhood.

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Chimera (genetics)

A genetic chimerism or chimera (also spelled chimaera) is a single organism composed of cells with distinct genotypes.

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Chorion

The chorion is the outermost fetal membrane around the embryo in mammals, birds and reptiles.

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Christiaan Monden

Christiaan Willem Simon Monden (born 26 March 1975, Noordwijkerhout) is a Dutch sociologist and a professorial fellow in sociology at Nuffield College, University of Oxford.

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Chromosomal crossover

Chromosomal crossover (or crossing over) is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes that results in recombinant chromosomes during sexual reproduction.

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Chromosome

A chromosome (from Ancient Greek: χρωμόσωμα, chromosoma, chroma means colour, soma means body) is a DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material (genome) of an organism.

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Clomifene

Clomifene, also known as clomiphene, is a medication used to treat infertility in women who do not ovulate.

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Complications of pregnancy

Complications of pregnancy are health problems that are caused by pregnancy.

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Conjoined twins

Conjoined twins are identical twins joined in utero.

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Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation

Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation is a technique used in assisted reproduction involving the use of fertility medications to induce ovulation by multiple ovarian follicles.

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Coronal plane

A coronal plane (also known as the frontal plane) is any vertical plane that divides the body into ventral and dorsal (belly and back) sections.

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Cryptophasia

Cryptophasia is a phenomenon of a language developed by twins (identical or fraternal) that only the two children could understand.

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Deer

Deer (singular and plural) are the ruminant mammals forming the family Cervidae.

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Dog

The domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris when considered a subspecies of the gray wolf or Canis familiaris when considered a distinct species) is a member of the genus Canis (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.

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Doppelgänger

A doppelgänger (literally "double-goer") is a non-biologically related look-alike or double of a living person, sometimes portrayed as a ghostly or paranormal phenomenon and usually seen as a harbinger of bad luck.

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Early Human Development

Early Human Development is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering human development published by Elsevier.

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Ectopic pregnancy

Ectopic pregnancy is a complication of pregnancy in which the embryo attaches outside the uterus.

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Egg cell

The egg cell, or ovum (plural ova), is the female reproductive cell (gamete) in oogamous organisms.

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Embryo

An embryo is an early stage of development of a multicellular diploid eukaryotic organism.

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Embryo transfer

Embryo transfer refers to a step in the process of assisted reproduction in which embryos are placed into the uterus of a female with the intent to establish a pregnancy.

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Epigenetics

Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene function that do not involve changes in the DNA sequence.

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Ethnic group

An ethnic group, or an ethnicity, is a category of people who identify with each other based on similarities such as common ancestry, language, history, society, culture or nation.

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European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology

The European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) was founded in 1985 by Robert Edwards (University of Cambridge) and J. Cohen (Paris), who felt that the study and research in the field of reproduction needed to be encouraged and recognized.

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Evil twin

The evil twin is an antagonist found in many different fictional genres.

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Ferret

The ferret (Mustela putorius furo) is the domesticated form of the European polecat, a mammal belonging to the same genus as the weasel, Mustela of the family Mustelidae.

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Fertilisation

Fertilisation or fertilization (see spelling differences), also known as generative fertilisation, conception, fecundation, syngamy and impregnation, is the fusion of gametes to initiate the development of a new individual organism.

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Fertility medication

Fertility medication, better known as fertility drugs, are drugs which enhance reproductive fertility.

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Fetus

A fetus is a stage in the prenatal development of viviparous organisms.

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Fingerprint

A fingerprint in its narrow sense is an impression left by the friction ridges of a human finger.

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Fort Collins, Colorado

Fort Collins is the Home Rule Municipality that is the county seat and the most populous municipality of Larimer County, Colorado, United States.

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Freemartin

A freemartin or free-martin (sometimes martin heifer) is an infertile female mammal with masculinized behavior and non-functioning ovaries.

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Gemini (astrology)

Gemini (pronunciation: (♊) is the third astrological sign in the zodiac, originating from the constellation of Gemini. Under the tropical zodiac, the sun transits this sign between May 21 and June 21. Gemini is represented by the twins Castor and Pollux. The symbol of the twins is based on the Dioscuri, one mortal and one immortal, that were granted shared half-immortality after the death of the mortal brother (Castor).

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Genetic testing

Genetic testing, also known as DNA testing, allows the determination of bloodlines and the genetic diagnosis of vulnerabilities to inherited diseases.

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Genetics

Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms.

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Genome

In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is the genetic material of an organism.

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Germany

Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.

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Gestational age

Gestational age is a measure of the age of a pregnancy which is taken from the woman's last menstrual period (LMP), or the corresponding age of the gestation as estimated by a more accurate method if available.

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Giant panda

The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca, literally "black and white cat-foot";, literally "big bear cat"), also known as panda bear or simply panda, is a bear native to south central China.

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Growth hormone

Growth hormone (GH), also known as somatotropin (or as human growth hormone in its human form), is a peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration in humans and other animals.

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Hausa people

The Hausa (autonyms for singular: Bahaushe (m), Bahaushiya (f); plural: Hausawa and general: Hausa; exonyms: Ausa) are one of the largest ethnic groups in Africa.

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Heart

The heart is a muscular organ in most animals, which pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system.

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Hesse

Hesse or Hessia (Hessen, Hessian dialect: Hesse), officially the State of Hesse (German: Land Hessen) is a federal state (''Land'') of the Federal Republic of Germany, with just over six million inhabitants.

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Heterotopic pregnancy

A heterotopic pregnancy is a rare complication of pregnancy in which both extra-uterine (ectopic pregnancy) and intrauterine pregnancy occur simultaneously.

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Human nature

Human nature is a bundle of fundamental characteristics—including ways of thinking, feeling, and acting—which humans tend to have naturally.

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Idioglossia

An idioglossia (from the Greek ιδιογλωσσ idioglōss, from idio- "personal" and glōssos "tongue") is an idiosyncratic language invented and spoken by only one person or very few people.

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Igbo-Ora

Igbo-Ora is a town in Oyo State, south-western Nigeria, situated north of Lagos.

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Imaginova

Imaginova Corporation is a U.S. digital commerce company based in Watsonville, California.

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In vitro fertilisation

In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a process of fertilisation where an egg is combined with sperm outside the body, in vitro ("in glass").

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Incest between twins

Incest between twins or twincest is a subclass of sibling incest and includes both heterosexual and homosexual relationships.

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India

India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.

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Informa

Informa plc is a multinational events and publishing company with its head office and registered office in London.

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Insulin-like growth factor

The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are proteins with high sequence similarity to insulin.

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Intersex

Intersex people are born with any of several variations in sex characteristics including chromosomes, gonads, sex hormones, or genitals that, according to the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, "do not fit the typical definitions for male or female bodies".

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Josef Mengele

Josef Mengele (16 March 19117 February 1979) was a German Schutzstaffel (SS) officer and physician in Auschwitz concentration camp during World War II.

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Karyotype

A karyotype is the number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.

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Kerala

Kerala is a state in South India on the Malabar Coast.

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Klinefelter syndrome

Klinefelter syndrome (KS) also known as 47,XXY or XXY, is the set of symptoms that result from two or more X chromosomes in males.

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Kodinhi

Kodinhi is a village in Malappuram district in Kerala, India.

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Language development

Language development is a process starting early in human life.

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Latin America

Latin America is a group of countries and dependencies in the Western Hemisphere where Spanish, French and Portuguese are spoken; it is broader than the terms Ibero-America or Hispanic America.

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List of multiple births

This is a list of multiple births, consisting of notable higher order (4+) multiple births and pregnancies.

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List of twins

This is a list of notable twins, siblings resultant from a multiple birth.

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Litter (animal)

A litter is the live birth of multiple offspring at one time in animals from the same mother and usually from one set of parents, particularly from three to eight offspringThe word is most often used for the offspring of mammals, but can be used for any animal that gives birth to multiple young.

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Liver

The liver, an organ only found in vertebrates, detoxifies various metabolites, synthesizes proteins, and produces biochemicals necessary for digestion.

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Look-alike

A look-alike, double, or doppelgänger is a person who closely resembles another person in appearance.

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Malaria

Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease affecting humans and other animals caused by parasitic protozoans (a group of single-celled microorganisms) belonging to the Plasmodium type.

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Marmoset

The marmosets,, also known as zaris, are twenty-two New World monkey species of the genera Callithrix, Cebuella, Callibella and Mico.

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Medicine

Medicine is the science and practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease.

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Meiosis

Meiosis (from Greek μείωσις, meiosis, which means lessening) is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells, each genetically distinct from the parent cell that gave rise to them.

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Miscarriage

Miscarriage, also known as spontaneous abortion and pregnancy loss, is the natural death of an embryo or fetus before it is able to survive independently.

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Mixed twins

Mixed twins are fraternal twins born to multiracial families which differ in skin color and other traits considered to be racial features.

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Mohammadpur Umri

Mohammadpur Umri is a small village close to the Indian Air Force base of Bamrauli, near Allahabad in Uttar Pradesh State, India.

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Monoamniotic twins

Monoamniotic twins are identical twins that share the same amniotic sac within their mother’s uterus.

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Monochorionic twins

Monochorionic twins are monozygotic (identical) twins that share the same placenta.

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Mosaic (genetics)

In genetics, a mosaic, or mosaicism, involves the presence of two or more populations of cells with different genotypes in one individual, who has developed from a single fertilized egg.

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Multiple birth

A multiple birth is the culmination of one multiple pregnancy, wherein the mother delivers two or more offspring.

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Multiracial

Multiracial is defined as made up of or relating to people of many races.

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National Center for Health Statistics

The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) is a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System which provides statistical information to guide actions and policies to improve the health of the American people.

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Natural environment

The natural environment encompasses all living and non-living things occurring naturally, meaning in this case not artificial.

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Nature (journal)

Nature is a British multidisciplinary scientific journal, first published on 4 November 1869.

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Nazism

National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus), more commonly known as Nazism, is the ideology and practices associated with the Nazi Party – officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP) – in Nazi Germany, and of other far-right groups with similar aims.

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New Scientist

New Scientist, first published on 22 November 1956, is a weekly, English-language magazine that covers all aspects of science and technology.

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Nigeria

Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria is a federal republic in West Africa, bordering Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north.

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Numeral prefix

Numeral or number prefixes are prefixes derived from numerals or occasionally other numbers.

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Obstetric ultrasonography

Obstetric ultrasonography is the use of medical ultrasonography in pregnancy, in which sound waves are used to create real-time visual images of the developing embryo or fetus in its mother's uterus (womb).

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Offspring

In biology, offspring are the young born of living organisms, produced either by a single organism or, in the case of sexual reproduction, two organisms.

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Ovary

The ovary is an organ found in the female reproductive system that produces an ovum.

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Ovulation

Ovulation is the release of eggs from the ovaries.

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Parasitic twin

A parasitic twin (also known as an asymmetrical or unequal conjoined twin) is the result of the processes that also produce vanishing twins and conjoined twins, and may represent a continuum between the two.

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Parasitism

In evolutionary biology, parasitism is a relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or in another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life.

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Phenotype

A phenotype is the composite of an organism's observable characteristics or traits, such as its morphology, development, biochemical or physiological properties, behavior, and products of behavior (such as a bird's nest).

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Philadelphia

Philadelphia is the largest city in the U.S. state and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and the sixth-most populous U.S. city, with a 2017 census-estimated population of 1,580,863.

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Phytoestrogens

Phytoestrogens are plant-derived xenoestrogens (see estrogen) not generated within the endocrine system, but consumed by eating phytoestrogenic plants.

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Placenta

The placenta is an organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall to allow nutrient uptake, thermo-regulation, waste elimination, and gas exchange via the mother's blood supply; to fight against internal infection; and to produce hormones which support pregnancy.

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Polar body

A polar body is a small haploid cell that is formed concomitantly as an egg cell during oogenesis, but which generally does not have the ability to be fertilized.

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Polycythemia

Polycythemia (also known as polycythaemia or polyglobulia) is a disease state in which the hematocrit (the volume percentage of red blood cells in the blood) is elevated.

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Polyploid

Polyploid cells and organisms are those containing more than two paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes.

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Pregnancy

Pregnancy, also known as gestation, is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman.

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Preterm birth

Preterm birth, also known as premature birth, is the birth of a baby at fewer than 37 weeks gestational age.

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Psychology

Psychology is the science of behavior and mind, including conscious and unconscious phenomena, as well as feeling and thought.

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Rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disorder that primarily affects joints.

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Sagittal plane

A sagittal plane or longitudinal plane is an anatomical plane which divides the body into right and left parts.

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Sheep

Domestic sheep (Ovis aries) are quadrupedal, ruminant mammal typically kept as livestock.

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Sibling

A sibling is one of two or more individuals having one or both parents in common.

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Single-nucleotide polymorphism

A single-nucleotide polymorphism, often abbreviated to SNP (plural), is a variation in a single nucleotide that occurs at a specific position in the genome, where each variation is present to some appreciable degree within a population (e.g. > 1%).

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Sister city

Twin towns or sister cities are a form of legal or social agreement between towns, cities, counties, oblasts, prefectures, provinces, regions, states, and even countries in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.

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Situs inversus

Situs inversus (also called situs transversus or oppositus) is a congenital condition in which the major visceral organs are reversed or mirrored from their normal positions.

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South Asia

South Asia or Southern Asia (also known as the Indian subcontinent) is a term used to represent the southern region of the Asian continent, which comprises the sub-Himalayan SAARC countries and, for some authorities, adjoining countries to the west and east.

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Southeast Asia

Southeast Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Australia.

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Sperm

Sperm is the male reproductive cell and is derived from the Greek word (σπέρμα) sperma (meaning "seed").

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Stillbirth

Stillbirth is typically defined as fetal death at or after 20 to 28 weeks of pregnancy.

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Superfecundation

Superfecundation is the fertilization of two or more ova from the same cycle by sperm from separate acts of sexual intercourse, which can lead to twin babies from two separate biological fathers.

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Superfetation

Superfetation (also spelled superfoetation and superfœtation – see fetus) is the simultaneous occurrence of more than one stage of developing offspring in the same animal.

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Tamarin

The tamarins are squirrel-sized New World monkeys from the family Callitrichidae in the genus Saguinus.

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Taylor & Francis

Taylor & Francis Group is an international company originating in England that publishes books and academic journals.

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The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

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The Lancet

The Lancet is a weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal.

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The World Factbook

The World Factbook, also known as the CIA World Factbook, is a reference resource produced by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) with almanac-style information about the countries of the world.

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Triple X syndrome

Triple X syndrome, also known as trisomy X and 47,XXX, is characterized by the presence of an extra X chromosome in each cell of a female.

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Turner syndrome

Turner syndrome (TS), also known as 45,X or 45,X0, is a condition in which a female is partly or completely missing an X chromosome.

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Twin

Twins are two offspring produced by the same pregnancy.

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Twin study

Twin studies are studies conducted on identical or fraternal twins.

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Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome

Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), also known as feto-fetal transfusion syndrome (FFTS) and twin oligohydramnios-polyhydramnios sequence (TOPS) is a complication of disproportionate blood supply, resulting in high morbidity and mortality.

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Twins in mythology

Twins appear in the mythologies of many cultures around the world.

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Uniparental disomy

Uniparental disomy (UPD) occurs when a person receives two copies of a chromosome, or of part of a chromosome, from one parent and no copy from the other parent.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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USA Today

USA Today is an internationally distributed American daily, middle-market newspaper that serves as the flagship publication of its owner, the Gannett Company.

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Uttar Pradesh

Uttar Pradesh (IAST: Uttar Pradeś) is a state in northern India.

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Vaginal delivery

A vaginal delivery is the birth of offspring (babies in humans) in mammals through the vagina.

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Vanishing twin

A vanishing twin, also known as fetal resorption, is a fetus in a multi-gestation pregnancy which dies in utero and is then partially or completely reabsorbed.

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Veganism

Veganism is the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.

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WebMD

WebMD is an American corporation known primarily as an online publisher of news and information pertaining to human health and well-being.

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West Africa

West Africa, also called Western Africa and the West of Africa, is the westernmost region of Africa.

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Yam (vegetable)

Yam is the common name for some plant species in the genus Dioscorea (family Dioscoreaceae) that form edible tubers.

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Yoruba people

The Yoruba people (name spelled also: Ioruba or Joruba;, lit. 'Yoruba lineage'; also known as Àwon omo Yorùbá, lit. 'Children of Yoruba', or simply as the Yoruba) are an ethnic group of southwestern and north-central Nigeria, as well as southern and central Benin.

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Zygosity

Zygosity is the degree of similarity of the alleles for a trait in an organism.

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Zygote

A zygote (from Greek ζυγωτός zygōtos "joined" or "yoked", from ζυγοῦν zygoun "to join" or "to yoke") is a eukaryotic cell formed by a fertilization event between two gametes.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin

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