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German language

Index German language

German (Standard High German: Deutsch) is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, mainly spoken in Western and Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and official or co-official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and the Italian province of South Tyrol. [1]

Table of Contents

  1. 689 relations: 's-Hertogenbosch, -ism, Aachen, Abrogans, Abstand and ausbau languages, Accusative case, Adelaide, Adorf, Affricate, Afrikaans, Agent noun, Alemanni, Alemannic German, Allgemeine Zeitung (Namibia), Almere, Alsace, Alsace bossue, Alsatian dialect, Alt code, Amersfoort, Amsterdam, Ancient Greek, Ancud, Anglo-Frisian languages, Antônio Carlos, Santa Catarina, Anti-German sentiment, Antiqua (typeface class), Antwerp, Apartheid, Apeldoorn, Arad, Romania, Argentina, Arnhem, Arte, Article (grammar), Aryan, Ashkenazi Jews, Auerbach (Vogtland), Augsburg, Australian English, Austria, Austrian German, Auxiliary verb, Azovsky Nemetsky National District, ß, Bad Brambach, Bad Elster, Baden, Baden-Württemberg, Banat, ... Expand index (639 more) »

  2. Fusional languages
  3. High German languages
  4. Languages of Austria
  5. Languages of Belgium
  6. Languages of Liechtenstein
  7. Languages of Luxembourg
  8. Languages of Namibia
  9. Languages of Switzerland
  10. Languages of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol
  11. Stress-timed languages
  12. Verb-second languages

's-Hertogenbosch

s-Hertogenbosch (Bois-le-Duc,; Herzogenbusch), colloquially known as Den Bosch, is a city and municipality in the Netherlands with a population of 160,783.

See German language and 's-Hertogenbosch

-ism

-ism is a suffix in many English words, originally derived from the Ancient Greek suffix, and reached English through the Latin, and the French.

See German language and -ism

Aachen

Aachen (French: Aix-la-Chapelle; Oche; Aquae Granni or Aquisgranum) is the 13th-largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia and the 27th-largest city of Germany, with around 261,000 inhabitants.

See German language and Aachen

Abrogans

Abrogans, also German Abrogans or Codex Abrogans (St Gall, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. 911), is a Middle Latin–Old High German glossary, whose preserved copy in the Abbey Library of St Gall is regarded as the oldest preserved book in the German language.

See German language and Abrogans

Abstand and ausbau languages

In sociolinguistics, an abstand language is a language variety or cluster of varieties with significant linguistic distance from all others, while an ausbau language is a standard variety, possibly with related dependent varieties.

See German language and Abstand and ausbau languages

Accusative case

In grammar, the accusative case (abbreviated) of a noun is the grammatical case used to receive the direct object of a transitive verb.

See German language and Accusative case

Adelaide

Adelaide (Tarntanya) is the capital and most populous city of South Australia, and the fifth-most populous city in Australia. "Adelaide" may refer to either Greater Adelaide (including the Adelaide Hills) or the Adelaide city centre. The demonym Adelaidean is used to denote the city and the residents of Adelaide.

See German language and Adelaide

Adorf

Adorf is a small town and municipality in the Vogtlandkreis to the south-west of the Free State of Saxony, Germany.

See German language and Adorf

Affricate

An affricate is a consonant that begins as a stop and releases as a fricative, generally with the same place of articulation (most often coronal).

See German language and Affricate

Afrikaans

Afrikaans is a West Germanic language, spoken in South Africa, Namibia and (to a lesser extent) Botswana, Zambia and Zimbabwe. German language and Afrikaans are languages of Namibia, Stress-timed languages and verb-second languages.

See German language and Afrikaans

Agent noun

In linguistics, an agent noun (in Latin, nomen agentis) is a word that is derived from another word denoting an action, and that identifies an entity that does that action.

See German language and Agent noun

Alemanni

The Alemanni or Alamanni were a confederation of Germanic tribes.

See German language and Alemanni

Alemannic German

Alemannic, or rarely Alemannish (Alemannisch), is a group of High German dialects. German language and Alemannic German are languages of Germany, languages of Liechtenstein and languages of Switzerland.

See German language and Alemannic German

Allgemeine Zeitung (Namibia)

The Allgemeine Zeitung (AZ, literally in English 'General Newspaper') founded in 1916, is the oldest daily newspaper in Namibia and the only German-language daily in Africa to survive World War I.

See German language and Allgemeine Zeitung (Namibia)

Almere

Almere is a planned city and municipality in the province of Flevoland, Netherlands across the IJmeer from Amsterdam.

See German language and Almere

Alsace

Alsace (Low Alemannic German/Alsatian: Elsàss ˈɛlsɑs; German: Elsass (German spelling before 1996: Elsaß.) ˈɛlzas ⓘ; Latin: Alsatia) is a cultural region and a territorial collectivity in eastern France, on the west bank of the upper Rhine next to Germany and Switzerland.

See German language and Alsace

Alsace bossue

The Alsace bossue (Alemannic and Frankish: S'Gromme/S'Krumme Elsass, German: das krumme Elsass/ Krummes Elsass), is a territory of Bas-Rhin in Alsace, which includes the three former cantons of Sarre-Union, Drulingen and La Petite-Pierre (today all part of the canton of Ingwiller).

See German language and Alsace bossue

Alsatian dialect

Alsatian (Elsässisch or Elsässerditsch "Alsatian German"; Lorraine Franconian: Elsässerdeitsch; Alsacien; Elsässisch or Elsässerdeutsch) is the group of Alemannic German dialects spoken in most of Alsace, a formerly disputed region in eastern France that has passed between French and German control five times since 1681.

See German language and Alsatian dialect

Alt code

On personal computers with numeric keypads that use Microsoft operating systems, such as Windows, many characters that do not have a dedicated key combination on the keyboard may nevertheless be entered using the Alt code (the Alt numpad input method).

See German language and Alt code

Amersfoort

Amersfoort is a city and municipality in the province of Utrecht, Netherlands.

See German language and Amersfoort

Amsterdam

Amsterdam (literally, "The Dam on the River Amstel") is the capital and most populated city of the Netherlands.

See German language and Amsterdam

Ancient Greek

Ancient Greek (Ἑλληνῐκή) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC.

See German language and Ancient Greek

Ancud

Ancud is a city in southern Chile located in the northernmost part of the island and province of Chiloé, in Los Lagos Region.

See German language and Ancud

Anglo-Frisian languages

The Anglo-Frisian languages are the Anglic (English, Scots, Fingallian†, and Yola†) and Frisian (North Frisian, East Frisian, and West Frisian) varieties of the West Germanic languages.

See German language and Anglo-Frisian languages

Antônio Carlos, Santa Catarina

Antônio Carlos, Santa Catarina is a municipality in the state of Santa Catarina in the South region of Brazil.

See German language and Antônio Carlos, Santa Catarina

Anti-German sentiment

Anti-German sentiment (also known as Anti-Germanism, Germanophobia or Teutophobia) is opposition to and/or fear of, hatred of, dislike of, persecution of, prejudice against, and discrimination against Germany, its inhabitants, its culture, and/or its language.

See German language and Anti-German sentiment

Antiqua (typeface class)

Antiqua is a style of typeface used to mimic styles of handwriting or calligraphy common during the 15th and 16th centuries.

See German language and Antiqua (typeface class)

Antwerp

Antwerp (Antwerpen; Anvers) is a city and a municipality in the Flemish Region of Belgium.

See German language and Antwerp

Apartheid

Apartheid (especially South African English) was a system of institutionalised racial segregation that existed in South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia) from 1948 to the early 1990s.

See German language and Apartheid

Apeldoorn

Apeldoorn (Dutch Low Saxon: Apeldoorne) is a municipality and city in the province of Gelderland in the centre of the Netherlands.

See German language and Apeldoorn

Arad, Romania

Arad is the capital city of Arad County, at the edge of Crișana and the Banat.

See German language and Arad, Romania

Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America.

See German language and Argentina

Arnhem

Arnhem (or; Arnheim; Ernems: Èrnem) is a city and municipality situated in the eastern part of the Netherlands, near the German border.

See German language and Arnhem

Arte

Arte (Association relative à la télévision européenne (Association relating to European television), sometimes stylised in lowercase or uppercase in its logo) is a European public service channel dedicated to culture.

See German language and Arte

Article (grammar)

In grammar, an article is any member of a class of dedicated words that are used with noun phrases to mark the identifiability of the referents of the noun phrases.

See German language and Article (grammar)

Aryan

Aryan or Arya (Indo-Iranian arya) is a term originally used as an ethnocultural self-designation by Indo-Iranians in ancient times, in contrast to the nearby outsiders known as 'non-Aryan' (an-arya).

See German language and Aryan

Ashkenazi Jews

Ashkenazi Jews (translit,; Ashkenazishe Yidn), also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim, constitute a Jewish diaspora population that emerged in the Holy Roman Empire around the end of the first millennium CE. They traditionally spoke Yiddish and largely migrated towards northern and eastern Europe during the late Middle Ages due to persecution.

See German language and Ashkenazi Jews

Auerbach (Vogtland)

Auerbach is a town in the Vogtlandkreis, Saxony, Germany.

See German language and Auerbach (Vogtland)

Augsburg

Augsburg (label) is a city in the Bavarian part of Swabia, Germany, around west of the Bavarian capital Munich.

See German language and Augsburg

Australian English

Australian English (AusE, AusEng, AuE, AuEng, en-AU) is the set of varieties of the English language native to Australia.

See German language and Australian English

Austria

Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps.

See German language and Austria

Austrian German

Austrian German (Österreichisches Deutsch), Austrian Standard German (ASG), Standard Austrian German (Österreichisches Standarddeutsch), Austrian High German (Österreichisches Hochdeutsch), or simply just Austrian (Österreichisch), is the variety of Standard German written and spoken in Austria and South Tyrol. German language and Austrian German are languages of Austria.

See German language and Austrian German

Auxiliary verb

An auxiliary verb (abbreviated) is a verb that adds functional or grammatical meaning to the clause in which it occurs, so as to express tense, aspect, modality, voice, emphasis, etc.

See German language and Auxiliary verb

Azovsky Nemetsky National District

Azovsky Nemetsky National District (Azovo German National District; Deutscher Nationalkreis Asowo) is an administrativeLaw #467-OZ and municipalLaw #548-OZ district (raion), one of the thirty-two in Omsk Oblast, Russia.

See German language and Azovsky Nemetsky National District

ß

In German orthography, the letter ß, called Eszett or scharfes S ("sharp S"), represents the phoneme in Standard German when following long vowels and diphthongs.

See German language and ß

Bad Brambach

Bad Brambach is a municipality in the Vogtlandkreis district, in Saxony, Germany.

See German language and Bad Brambach

Bad Elster

Bad Elster is a spa town in the Vogtlandkreis district, in Saxony, Germany.

See German language and Bad Elster

Baden

Baden is a historical territory in South Germany.

See German language and Baden

Baden-Württemberg

Baden-Württemberg, commonly shortened to BW or BaWü, is a German state in Southwest Germany, east of the Rhine, which forms the southern part of Germany's western border with France.

See German language and Baden-Württemberg

Banat

Banat (Bánság; Banat) is a geographical and historical region located in the Pannonian Basin that straddles Central and Eastern Europe.

See German language and Banat

Banat Swabian dialect

Banat Swabian (Banatschwäbisch and also known as Donauschwäbisch) is a local German dialect spoken in Banat, present-day southwestern Romania by the Banat Swabians (Banater Schwaben), an ethnic German sub-group which is part of the larger German minority of Romania and a branch of the Danube Swabians respectively.

See German language and Banat Swabian dialect

Barossa German

Barossa German (Barossadeutsch or Barossa-Deutsch) is a dialect of German, predominantly spoken in the Barossa Valley region of South Australia. German language and Barossa German are high German languages.

See German language and Barossa German

Barossa Valley

The Barossa Valley (Barossa German: Barossa Tal) is a valley in South Australia located northeast of Adelaide city centre.

See German language and Barossa Valley

Basel

Basel, also known as Basle,Bâle; Basilea; Basileia; other Basilea.

See German language and Basel

Bavaria

Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria, is a state in the southeast of Germany.

See German language and Bavaria

Bavarian language

Bavarian (Bairisch; Bavarian: Boarisch or Boirisch), alternately Austro-Bavarian, is a major group of Upper German varieties spoken in the south-east of the German language area, including the German state of Bavaria, most of Austria and the Italian region of South Tyrol. German language and Bavarian language are languages of Austria, languages of Germany and languages of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol.

See German language and Bavarian language

Bühnendeutsch

Bühnendeutsch ("stage German") or Bühnenaussprache ("stage pronunciation") is a unified set of pronunciation rules for the German literary language used in the theatre of the German ''Sprachraum''.

See German language and Bühnendeutsch

Belgium

Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe.

See German language and Belgium

Benrath line

In German linguistics, the Benrath line (Benrather Linie) is the maken–machen isogloss: dialects north of the line have the original in maken (to make), while those to the south have the innovative (machen).

See German language and Benrath line

Bergisch Gladbach

Bergisch Gladbach is a city in the Cologne/Bonn Region of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, and capital of the Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis (district).

See German language and Bergisch Gladbach

Berlin

Berlin is the capital and largest city of Germany, both by area and by population.

See German language and Berlin

Berlin German

Berlin German, or Berlin dialect (Berliner Dialekt, Berliner Mundart, Berlinerisch or Berlinisch; derogative: Berliner Schnauze), is the regiolect spoken in the city of Berlin as well as its surrounding metropolitan area. German language and Berlin German are languages of Germany.

See German language and Berlin German

Bern

Bern, or Berne,Bärn; Bèrna; Berna; Berna.

See German language and Bern

Bertolt Brecht

Eugen Berthold Friedrich Brecht (10 February 1898 – 14 August 1956), known professionally as Bertolt Brecht, was a German theatre practitioner, playwright, and poet.

See German language and Bertolt Brecht

Bible

The Bible (from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία,, 'the books') is a collection of religious texts or scriptures, some, all, or a variant of which are held to be sacred in Christianity, Judaism, Samaritanism, Islam, the Baha'i Faith, and other Abrahamic religions.

See German language and Bible

Bielefeld

Bielefeld is a city in the Ostwestfalen-Lippe Region in the north-east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

See German language and Bielefeld

Bilingual communes in Poland

The bilingual status of gminas (municipalities) in Poland is regulated by the Act of 6 January 2005 on National and Ethnic Minorities and on the Regional Languages, which permits certain gminas with significant linguistic minorities to introduce a second, auxiliary language to be used in official contexts alongside Polish.

See German language and Bilingual communes in Poland

Bismarck, North Dakota

Bismarck (from 1872 to 1873: Edwinton) is the capital of the U.S. state of North Dakota and the county seat of Burleigh County.

See German language and Bismarck, North Dakota

Black Death

The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic occurring in Europe from 1346 to 1353.

See German language and Black Death

Blackletter

Blackletter (sometimes black letter or black-letter), also known as Gothic script, Gothic minuscule or Gothic type, was a script used throughout Western Europe from approximately 1150 until the 17th century.

See German language and Blackletter

Bloemfontein

Bloemfontein, also known as Bloem, is the capital and the largest city of the Free State province in South Africa.

See German language and Bloemfontein

Bochum

Bochum (also,; Baukem) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia.

See German language and Bochum

Bolivia

Bolivia, officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a landlocked country located in western-central South America.

See German language and Bolivia

Bolzano

Bolzano (or; Bozen; Balsan or Bulsan) is the capital city of the province of South Tyrol, in Northern Italy.

See German language and Bolzano

Bonn

Bonn is a federal city in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, located on the banks of the Rhine.

See German language and Bonn

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina (Босна и Херцеговина), sometimes known as Bosnia-Herzegovina and informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeast Europe, situated on the Balkan Peninsula.

See German language and Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bottrop

Bottrop is a city in west-central Germany, on the Rhine–Herne Canal, in North Rhine-Westphalia.

See German language and Bottrop

Brașov

Brașov (Kronstadt, also Brasau; Brassó; Corona; Transylvanian Saxon: Kruhnen) is a city in Transylvania, Romania and the county seat (i.e. administrative centre) of Brașov County.

See German language and Brașov

Bratislava

Bratislava (German: Pressburg or Preßburg,; Hungarian: Pozsony; Slovak: Prešporok), is the capital and largest city of Slovakia and the fourth largest of all cities on Danube river.

See German language and Bratislava

Braunschweig

Braunschweig or Brunswick (from Low German Brunswiek, local dialect: Bronswiek) is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany, north of the Harz Mountains at the farthest navigable point of the river Oker, which connects it to the North Sea via the rivers Aller and Weser.

See German language and Braunschweig

Brazil

Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest and easternmost country in South America and Latin America.

See German language and Brazil

Brazilian German

The '''(Low)''' German-based varieties spoken by German Brazilians together form a significant minority language in Brazil.

See German language and Brazilian German

Breda

Breda is a city and municipality in the southern part of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Brabant.

See German language and Breda

Bremen

Bremen (Low German also: Breem or Bräm), officially the City Municipality of Bremen (Stadtgemeinde Bremen), is the capital of the German state of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (Freie Hansestadt Bremen), a two-city-state consisting of the cities of Bremen and Bremerhaven.

See German language and Bremen

Bremerhaven

Bremerhaven (Bremerhoben) is a city on the east bank of the Weser estuary in northern Germany.

See German language and Bremerhaven

Brothers Grimm

The Brothers Grimm (die Brüder Grimm or die Gebrüder Grimm), Jacob (1785–1863) and Wilhelm (1786–1859), were German academics who together collected and published folklore.

See German language and Brothers Grimm

Bruges

Bruges (Brugge; Brügge) is the capital and largest city of the province of West Flanders in the Flemish Region of Belgium, in the northwest of the country.

See German language and Bruges

Brussels

Brussels (Bruxelles,; Brussel), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (Région de Bruxelles-Capitale; Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest), is a region of Belgium comprising 19 municipalities, including the City of Brussels, which is the capital of Belgium.

See German language and Brussels

Buda

Buda was the historic capital of the Kingdom of Hungary and, since 1873, has been the western part of the Hungarian capital Budapest, on the west bank of the Danube.

See German language and Buda

Budapest

Budapest is the capital and most populous city of Hungary.

See German language and Budapest

Bukovina

BukovinaBukowina or Buchenland; Bukovina; Bukowina; Bucovina; Bukovyna; see also other languages.

See German language and Bukovina

Burgenland

Burgenland (Őrvidék; Gradišće; Austro-Bavarian: Burgnland; Slovene: Gradiščanska; Hradsko) is the easternmost and least populous state of Austria.

See German language and Burgenland

Cameroon

Cameroon, officially the Republic of Cameroon, is a country in Central Africa.

See German language and Cameroon

Canguçu

Canguçu (population: 56,211) is a city in Rio Grande do Sul, south Brazil.

See German language and Canguçu

Canton of Bern

The canton of Bern, or Berne (Kanton Bern; canton de Berne; Chantun Berna; Canton Berna), is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation.

See German language and Canton of Bern

Canton of Fribourg

The canton of Fribourg, also canton of Freiburg (Canton de Fribourg; Kanton Freiburg; Canton de Fribôrg Chantun Friburg; Canton Friburgo) is located in western Switzerland.

See German language and Canton of Fribourg

Cantonese

Cantonese is the traditional prestige variety of Yue Chinese, a Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan languages originating from the city of Guangzhou (historically known as Canton) and its surrounding Pearl River Delta, with over 82.4 million native speakers.

See German language and Cantonese

Cantons of Switzerland

The 26 cantons of Switzerland are the member states of the Swiss Confederation.

See German language and Cantons of Switzerland

Cape Town

Cape Town is the legislative capital of South Africa.

See German language and Cape Town

Carinthia

Carinthia (Kärnten; Koroška, Carinzia) is the southernmost and least densely populated Austrian state, in the Eastern Alps, and is noted for its mountains and lakes.

See German language and Carinthia

Carl Schurz

Carl Schurz (March 2, 1829 – May 14, 1906) was a German revolutionary and an American statesman, journalist, and reformer.

See German language and Carl Schurz

Carl Spitteler

Carl Friedrich Georg Spitteler (24 April 1845 – 29 December 1924) was a Swiss poet who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1919 "in special appreciation of his epic Olympian Spring".

See German language and Carl Spitteler

Carpathian Germans

Carpathian Germans (Karpatendeutsche or Mantaken, kárpátnémetek or felvidéki németek, Karpatskí Nemci, Germani carpatini) are a group of ethnic Germans in Central and Eastern Europe.

See German language and Carpathian Germans

Castro, Chile

Castro is a city and commune on Chiloé Island in Chile.

See German language and Castro, Chile

Central Europe

Central Europe is a geographical region of Europe between Eastern, Southern, Western and Northern Europe.

See German language and Central Europe

Central Franconian languages

Central or Middle Franconian (mittelfränkische Dialekte, mittelfränkische Mundarten, mittelfränkische Mundart, Mittelfränkisch) refers to the following continuum of West Central German dialects.

See German language and Central Franconian languages

Central German

Central German or Middle German (mitteldeutsche Dialekte, mitteldeutsche Mundarten, Mitteldeutsch) is a group of High German languages spoken from the Rhineland in the west to the former eastern territories of Germany.

See German language and Central German

Chancery (medieval office)

A chancery or chancellery (cancellaria) is a medieval writing office, responsible for the production of official documents.

See German language and Chancery (medieval office)

Chemnitz

Chemnitz (from 1953 to 1990: Karl-Marx-Stadt) is the third-largest city in the German state of Saxony after Leipzig and Dresden.

See German language and Chemnitz

Chile

Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in western South America.

See German language and Chile

Chinese language in the United States

Chinese, including Mandarin and Cantonese among other varieties, is the third most-spoken language in the United States, and is mostly spoken within Chinese-American populations and by immigrants or the descendants of immigrants, especially in California and New York.

See German language and Chinese language in the United States

Christianization

Christianization (or Christianisation) is a term for the specific type of change that occurs when someone or something has been or is being converted to Christianity.

See German language and Christianization

Cimbrian language

Cimbrian (zimbar,; Zimbrisch; cimbro) is any of several local Upper German varieties spoken in parts of the Italian regions of Trentino and Veneto. German language and Cimbrian language are languages of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol.

See German language and Cimbrian language

Clause

In language, a clause is a constituent or phrase that comprises a semantic predicand (expressed or not) and a semantic predicate.

See German language and Clause

Cluj-Napoca

Cluj-Napoca, or simply Cluj (Kolozsvár, Klausenburg), is a city in northwestern Romania.

See German language and Cluj-Napoca

Cologne

Cologne (Köln; Kölle) is the largest city of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the fourth-most populous city of Germany with nearly 1.1 million inhabitants in the city proper and over 3.1 million people in the Cologne Bonn urban region.

See German language and Cologne

Colognian

Colognian or Kölsch (natively Kölsch Platt) is a small set of very closely related dialects, or variants, of the Ripuarian group of dialects of the Central German group.

See German language and Colognian

Colonia Tovar dialect

The Colonia Tovar dialect, or Alemán Coloniero, is a dialect that is spoken in Colonia Tovar, Venezuela, and belongs to the Low Alemannic branch of German.

See German language and Colonia Tovar dialect

Compound (linguistics)

In linguistics, a compound is a lexeme (less precisely, a word or sign) that consists of more than one stem.

See German language and Compound (linguistics)

Continuous and progressive aspects

The continuous and progressive aspects (abbreviated and) are grammatical aspects that express incomplete action ("to do") or state ("to be") in progress at a specific time: they are non-habitual, imperfective aspects.

See German language and Continuous and progressive aspects

Council for German Orthography

The Rat für deutsche Rechtschreibung ("Council for German Orthography" or "Council for German Spelling"), or RdR, is the main international body regulating Standard High German orthography.

See German language and Council for German Orthography

Croatia

Croatia (Hrvatska), officially the Republic of Croatia (Republika Hrvatska), is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe.

See German language and Croatia

Czech Republic

The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe.

See German language and Czech Republic

Danish language

Danish (dansk, dansk sprog) is a North Germanic language from the Indo-European language family spoken by about six million people, principally in and around Denmark. German language and Danish language are Fusional languages, languages of Germany, Stress-timed languages and verb-second languages.

See German language and Danish language

Darmstadt

Darmstadt is a city in the state of Hesse in Germany, located in the southern part of the Rhine-Main-Area (Frankfurt Metropolitan Region).

See German language and Darmstadt

Dative case

In grammar, the dative case (abbreviated, or sometimes when it is a core argument) is a grammatical case used in some languages to indicate the recipient or beneficiary of an action, as in "", Latin for "Maria gave Jacob a drink".

See German language and Dative case

Düsseldorf

Düsseldorf is the capital city of North Rhine-Westphalia, the most populous state of Germany.

See German language and Düsseldorf

Düsseldorf-Benrath

Benrath is a quarter of Düsseldorf in the south of the city, part of Borough 9.

See German language and Düsseldorf-Benrath

DDR German

The German language developed differently in East Germany (DDR), during its existence as a separate state from 1949 to 1990, from the German of West Germany because of significant differences in the country's political and socio-cultural environment.

See German language and DDR German

Delft

Delft is a city and municipality in the province of South Holland, Netherlands.

See German language and Delft

Denglisch

Denglisch is a term describing the increased use of anglicisms and pseudo-anglicisms in the German language.

See German language and Denglisch

Denmark

Denmark (Danmark) is a Nordic country in the south-central portion of Northern Europe.

See German language and Denmark

Dental fricative

The dental fricative or interdental fricative is a fricative consonant pronounced with the tip of the tongue against the teeth.

See German language and Dental fricative

Deutsch

Deutsch or Deutsche may refer to.

See German language and Deutsch

Deutsche Welle

("German Wave"), commonly shortened to DW, is a German public, state-owned international broadcaster funded by the German federal tax budget.

See German language and Deutsche Welle

Deutsches Wörterbuch

The Deutsches Wörterbuch ("The German Dictionary"), abbreviated DWB, is the largest and most comprehensive dictionary of the German language in existence.

See German language and Deutsches Wörterbuch

Dialect

Dialect (from Latin,, from the Ancient Greek word, 'discourse', from, 'through' and, 'I speak') refers to two distinctly different types of linguistic relationships.

See German language and Dialect

Diglossia

In linguistics, diglossia is a situation in which two dialects or languages are used (in fairly strict compartmentalization) by a single language community.

See German language and Diglossia

Diminutive

A diminutive is a word obtained by modifying a root word to convey a slighter degree of its root meaning, either to convey the smallness of the object or quality named, or to convey a sense of intimacy or endearment, and sometimes to derogatorily belittle something or someone.

See German language and Diminutive

Diphthong

A diphthong, also known as a gliding vowel or a vowel glide, is a combination of two adjacent vowel sounds within the same syllable.

See German language and Diphthong

Domingos Martins

Domingos Martins is the name of a municipality in the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo.

See German language and Domingos Martins

Dordrecht

Dordrecht, historically known in English as Dordt (still colloquially used in Dutch) or Dort, is a city and municipality in the Western Netherlands, located in the province of South Holland.

See German language and Dordrecht

Dortmund

Dortmund (Düörpm; Tremonia) is the third-largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia, after Cologne and Düsseldorf, and the ninth-largest city in Germany.

See German language and Dortmund

Dragon

A dragon is a magical legendary creature that appears in the folklore of multiple cultures worldwide.

See German language and Dragon

Dresden

Dresden (Upper Saxon: Dräsdn; Drježdźany) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and it is the second most populous city after Leipzig.

See German language and Dresden

Duisburg

Duisburg (Duisborg) is a city in the Ruhr metropolitan area of the western German state of North Rhine-Westphalia.

See German language and Duisburg

Dutch language

Dutch (Nederlands.) is a West Germanic language, spoken by about 25 million people as a first language and 5 million as a second language and is the third most spoken Germanic language. German language and Dutch language are languages of Belgium, Stress-timed languages and verb-second languages.

See German language and Dutch language

E. T. A. Hoffmann

Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann (born Ernst Theodor Wilhelm Hoffmann; 24 January 1776 – 25 June 1822) was a German Romantic author of fantasy and Gothic horror, a jurist, composer, music critic and artist.

See German language and E. T. A. Hoffmann

Early Middle Ages

The Early Middle Ages (or early medieval period), sometimes controversially referred to as the Dark Ages, is typically regarded by historians as lasting from the late 5th to the 10th century.

See German language and Early Middle Ages

Early modern period

The early modern period is a historical period that is part of the modern period based primarily on the history of Europe and the broader concept of modernity.

See German language and Early modern period

Early New High German

Early New High German (ENHG) is a term for the period in the history of the German language generally defined, following Wilhelm Scherer, as the period 1350 to 1650, developing from Middle High German and into New High German. German language and Early New High German are high German languages.

See German language and Early New High German

East Franconian German

East Franconian (Ostfränkisch) or Mainfränkisch, usually referred to as Franconian (Fränkisch) in German, is a dialect spoken in Franconia, the northern part of the federal state of Bavaria and other areas in Germany around Nuremberg, Bamberg, Coburg, Würzburg, Hof, Bayreuth, Meiningen, Bad Mergentheim, and Crailsheim. German language and East Franconian German are languages of Germany.

See German language and East Franconian German

East Germanic languages

The East Germanic languages, also called the Oder-Vistula Germanic languages, are a group of extinct Germanic languages that were spoken by East Germanic peoples.

See German language and East Germanic languages

East Pomeranian dialect

East Pomeranian (Ostpommersch) or Farther Pomeranian (Hinterpommersch) is an East Low German dialect moribund in Europe, which used to be spoken in the region of Farther Pomerania when it was part of the German Province of Pomerania, until World War II, and today is part of Poland.

See German language and East Pomeranian dialect

East Prussia

East Prussia was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1772 to 1829 and again from 1878 (with the Kingdom itself being part of the German Empire from 1871); following World War I it formed part of the Weimar Republic's Free State of Prussia, until 1945.

See German language and East Prussia

Eastern Europe

Eastern Europe is a subregion of the European continent.

See German language and Eastern Europe

Edward Arnold (publisher)

Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd was a British publishing house with its head office in London.

See German language and Edward Arnold (publisher)

Eindhoven

Eindhoven is a city and municipality of the Netherlands, located in the southern province of North Brabant, of which it is the largest municipality, and is also located in the Dutch part of the natural region the Campine.

See German language and Eindhoven

Elbe

The Elbe (Labe; Ilv or Elv; Upper and Łobjo) is one of the major rivers of Central Europe.

See German language and Elbe

Elder Futhark

The Elder Futhark (or Fuþark), also known as the Older Futhark, Old Futhark, or Germanic Futhark, is the oldest form of the runic alphabets.

See German language and Elder Futhark

Electorate of Saxony

The Electorate of Saxony, also known as Electoral Saxony (Kurfürstentum Sachsen or), was a territory of the Holy Roman Empire from 1356–1806.

See German language and Electorate of Saxony

Elfriede Jelinek

Elfriede Jelinek (born 20 October 1946) is an Austrian playwright and novelist.

See German language and Elfriede Jelinek

Elias Canetti

Elias Canetti (Елиас Канети; 25 July 1905 – 14 August 1994) was a German-language writer, born in Ruse, Bulgaria to a Sephardic Jewish family.

See German language and Elias Canetti

English compound

A compound is a word composed of more than one free morpheme.

See German language and English compound

English language

English is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, whose speakers, called Anglophones, originated in early medieval England on the island of Great Britain. German language and English language are Fusional languages and Stress-timed languages.

See German language and English language

Enschede

Enschede (known as Eanske in the local Tweants dialect of Low Saxon) is a city and municipality in the province of Overijssel.

See German language and Enschede

Epic poetry

An epic poem, or simply an epic, is a lengthy narrative poem typically about the extraordinary deeds of extraordinary characters who, in dealings with gods or other superhuman forces, gave shape to the mortal universe for their descendants.

See German language and Epic poetry

Erfurt

Erfurt is the capital and largest city of the Central German state of Thuringia.

See German language and Erfurt

Erlangen

Erlangen (Erlang, Erlanga) is a Middle Franconian city in Bavaria, Germany.

See German language and Erlangen

Erzgebirgisch

Erzgebirgisch (Standard; Erzgebirgisch: Arzgebirgsch) is a (East) Central German dialect, spoken mainly in the central Ore Mountains in Saxony.

See German language and Erzgebirgisch

Espírito Santo

Espírito Santo is a state in southeastern Brazil.

See German language and Espírito Santo

Essen

Essen is the central and, after Dortmund, second-largest city of the Ruhr, the largest urban area in Germany.

See German language and Essen

Europe

Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.

See German language and Europe

European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (ECRML) is a European treaty (CETS 148) adopted in 1992 under the auspices of the Council of Europe to protect and promote historical regional and minority languages in Europe.

See German language and European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

European Collectivity of Alsace

The European Collectivity of Alsace (Collectivité européenne d'Alsace; D'Europäischa Gebiatskärwerschàft Elsàss; Europäische Gebietskörperschaft Elsass) is a territorial collectivity in the Alsace region of France.

See German language and European Collectivity of Alsace

European Commission

The European Commission (EC) is the primary executive arm of the European Union (EU).

See German language and European Commission

European Union

The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe.

See German language and European Union

Faroese language

Faroese is a North Germanic language spoken as a first language by about 69,000 Faroe Islanders, of which 21,000 reside mainly in Denmark and elsewhere. German language and Faroese language are Stress-timed languages and verb-second languages.

See German language and Faroese language

Fürth

Fürth (East Franconian: Färdd; Fiurda) is a city in northern Bavaria, Germany, in the administrative division (Regierungsbezirk) of Middle Franconia.

See German language and Fürth

Figure of speech

A figure of speech or rhetorical figure is a word or phrase that intentionally deviates from straightforward language use or literal meaning to produce a rhetorical or intensified effect (emotionally, aesthetically, intellectually, etc.). In the distinction between literal and figurative language, figures of speech constitute the latter.

See German language and Figure of speech

Finite verb

A finite verb is the form of a verb that immediately complements a subject unless its clause is expressed in the imperative mood, which typically omits specific mention of the subject.

See German language and Finite verb

First language

A first language (L1), native language, native tongue, or mother tongue is the first language a person has been exposed to from birth or within the critical period.

See German language and First language

Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)

During the later stages of World War II and the post-war period, Germans and fled and were expelled from various Eastern and Central European countries, including Czechoslovakia, and from the former German provinces of Lower and Upper Silesia, East Prussia, and the eastern parts of Brandenburg (Neumark) and Pomerania (Hinterpommern), which were annexed by Poland and the Soviet Union.

See German language and Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)

Foreign language

A foreign language is a language that is not an official language of, nor typically spoken in, a specific country.

See German language and Foreign language

Fraktur

Fraktur is a calligraphic hand of the Latin alphabet and any of several blackletter typefaces derived from this hand.

See German language and Fraktur

France

France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe.

See German language and France

Francization of Brussels

The Francization of Brussels refers to the evolution, over the past two centuries, of this historically Dutch-speaking city into one where French has become the majority language and lingua franca. German language and Francization of Brussels are languages of Belgium.

See German language and Francization of Brussels

Franconia

Franconia (Franken,; East Franconian: Franggn; Frankn) is a region of Germany, characterised by its culture and East Franconian dialect (German: Ostfränkisch).

See German language and Franconia

Franconian (linguistics)

Franconian or Frankish is a collective term traditionally used by linguists to refer to many West Germanic languages, some of which are spoken in what formed the historical core area of Francia during the Early Middle Ages. German language and Franconian (linguistics) are languages of Belgium, languages of Germany, languages of Luxembourg and languages of Namibia.

See German language and Franconian (linguistics)

Frankfurt

Frankfurt am Main ("Frank ford on the Main") is the most populous city in the German state of Hesse.

See German language and Frankfurt

Franz Duncker

Franz Duncker (4 June 1822 – 18 June 1888) was a German publisher, left-liberal politicianHans-Ulrich Wehler, Deutsche Gesellschaftsgeschichte: Von der "Deutschen Doppelrevolution" bis zum Beginn des Ersten Weltkrieges, 1849–1914.

See German language and Franz Duncker

Franz Kafka

Franz Kafka (3 July 1883 – 3 June 1924) was a German-language novelist and writer from Prague.

See German language and Franz Kafka

Freiburg im Breisgau

Freiburg im Breisgau (Alemannic: Friburg im Brisgau; Fribourg-en-Brisgau; Freecastle in the Breisgau; mostly called simply Freiburg) is the fourth-largest city of the German state of Baden-Württemberg after Stuttgart, Mannheim and Karlsruhe.

See German language and Freiburg im Breisgau

French language

French (français,, or langue française,, or by some speakers) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family. German language and French language are Fusional languages, languages of Belgium, languages of Luxembourg and languages of Switzerland.

See German language and French language

French language in the United States

The French language is spoken as a minority language in the United States.

See German language and French language in the United States

Fricative

A fricative is a consonant produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together.

See German language and Fricative

Friedrich Schiller

Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (short:; 10 November 17599 May 1805) was a German polymath and poet, playwright, historian, philosopher, physician, lawyer.

See German language and Friedrich Schiller

Friesland

Friesland (official Fryslân), historically and traditionally known as Frisia, named after the Frisians, is a province of the Netherlands located in the country's northern part.

See German language and Friesland

Frisian languages

The Frisian languages are a closely related group of West Germanic languages, spoken by about 400,000 Frisian people, who live on the southern fringes of the North Sea in the Netherlands and Germany. German language and Frisian languages are languages of Germany.

See German language and Frisian languages

Frutillar

Frutillar is a city and commune located in southern Chile, Chilean Patagonia, in Llanquihue Province, within the Los Lagos Region, the lake district.

See German language and Frutillar

Fusional language

Fusional languages or inflected languages are a type of synthetic language, distinguished from agglutinative languages by their tendency to use single inflectional morphemes to denote multiple grammatical, syntactic, or semantic features. German language and Fusional language are Fusional languages.

See German language and Fusional language

Future

The future is the time after the past and present.

See German language and Future

Future perfect

The future perfect is a verb form or construction used to describe an event that is expected or planned to happen before a time of reference in the future, such as will have finished in the English sentence "I will have finished by tomorrow." It is a grammatical combination of the future tense, or other marking of future time, and the perfect, a grammatical aspect that views an event as prior and completed.

See German language and Future perfect

Future tense

In grammar, a future tense (abbreviated) is a verb form that generally marks the event described by the verb as not having happened yet, but expected to happen in the future.

See German language and Future tense

Görlitz

Görlitz (Zgorzelec, Zhorjelc, Zhořelec, East Lusatian dialects) is a town in the German state of Saxony.

See German language and Görlitz

Göttingen

Göttingen (Chöttingen) is a university city in Lower Saxony, central Germany, the capital of the eponymous district.

See German language and Göttingen

Günter Grass

Günter Wilhelm Grass (16 October 1927 – 13 April 2015) was a German novelist, poet, playwright, illustrator, graphic artist, sculptor, and recipient of the 1999 Nobel Prize in Literature.

See German language and Günter Grass

Gütersloh

Gütersloh is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, in the area of Westphalia and the administrative region of Detmold.

See German language and Gütersloh

Gelsenkirchen

Gelsenkirchen (Gelsenkiärken) is the 25th-most populous city of Germany and the 11th-most populous in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia with 262,528 (2016) inhabitants.

See German language and Gelsenkirchen

Gemination

In phonetics and phonology, gemination (from Latin 'doubling', itself from gemini 'twins'), or consonant lengthening, is an articulation of a consonant for a longer period of time than that of a singleton consonant.

See German language and Gemination

Genitive case

In grammar, the genitive case (abbreviated) is the grammatical case that marks a word, usually a noun, as modifying another word, also usually a noun—thus indicating an attributive relationship of one noun to the other noun.

See German language and Genitive case

Geographical distribution of German speakers

This article details the geographical distribution of speakers of the German language, regardless of the legislative status within the countries where it is spoken.

See German language and Geographical distribution of German speakers

Georgslied

The Georgslied (Song of St. George) is a set of poems and hymns to Saint George in Old High German.

See German language and Georgslied

Gerhart Hauptmann

Gerhart Johann Robert Hauptmann (15 November 1862 – 6 June 1946) was a German dramatist and novelist.

See German language and Gerhart Hauptmann

German alphabet

The modern German alphabet consists of the twenty-six letters of the ISO basic Latin alphabet: German uses letter-diacritic combinations (Ä/ä, Ö/ö, Ü/ü) using the umlaut and one ligature (ẞ/ß (called eszett (sz) or scharfes S, sharp s)), but they do not constitute distinct letters in the alphabet.

See German language and German alphabet

German Americans

German Americans (Deutschamerikaner) are Americans who have full or partial German ancestry.

See German language and German Americans

German Braille

German Braille is one of the older braille alphabets.

See German language and German Braille

German colonization of Valdivia, Osorno and Llanquihue

From 1850 to 1875, some 30,000 German immigrants settled in the region around Valdivia, Osorno and Llanquihue in Southern Chile as part of a state-led colonization scheme.

See German language and German colonization of Valdivia, Osorno and Llanquihue

German dialects

German dialects are the various traditional local varieties of the German language.

See German language and German dialects

German diaspora

The German diaspora (Deutschstämmige) consists of German people and their descendants who live outside of Germany.

See German language and German diaspora

German Empire

The German Empire, also referred to as Imperial Germany, the Second Reich or simply Germany, was the period of the German Reich from the unification of Germany in 1871 until the November Revolution in 1918, when the German Reich changed its form of government from a monarchy to a republic.

See German language and German Empire

German exonyms

Below is a list of German language exonyms for formerly German places and other places in non-German-speaking areas of the world.

See German language and German exonyms

German language in Namibia

Namibia is a multilingual country in which German is recognised as a national language. German language and German language in Namibia are languages of Namibia.

See German language and German language in Namibia

German minority in Denmark

Approximately 15,000 people in Denmark belong to an autochthonous ethnic German minority traditionally referred to as hjemmetyskere, meaning "Home Germans" in Danish, and as Nordschleswiger in German.

See German language and German minority in Denmark

German minority in Poland

The registered German minority in Poland (Niemcy w Polsce) at the Polish census of 2021 were 144,177.

See German language and German minority in Poland

German Namibians

German Namibians (Deutschnamibier) are a community of people descended from ethnic German colonists who settled in present-day Namibia.

See German language and German Namibians

German New Guinea

German New Guinea (Deutsch-Neuguinea) consisted of the northeastern part of the island of New Guinea and several nearby island groups and was the first part of the German colonial empire.

See German language and German New Guinea

German nouns

The nouns of the German language have several properties, some unique.

See German language and German nouns

German Orthographic Conference of 1901

The German Orthographic Conference of 1901 (the Berlin II Orthographic Conference; Zweite Orthographische Konferenz or II.) took place in Berlin from 17 until 19 June 1901.

See German language and German Orthographic Conference of 1901

German orthography

German orthography is the orthography used in writing the German language, which is largely phonemic.

See German language and German orthography

German orthography reform of 1996

The German orthography reform of 1996 (Reform der deutschen Rechtschreibung von 1996) was a change to German spelling and punctuation that was intended to simplify German orthography and thus to make it easier to learn, without substantially changing the rules familiar to users of the language.

See German language and German orthography reform of 1996

German South West Africa

German South West Africa (Deutsch-Südwestafrika) was a colony of the German Empire from 1884 until 1915, though Germany did not officially recognise its loss of this territory until the 1919 Treaty of Versailles.

See German language and German South West Africa

German Standard German

German Standard German, Standard German of Germany, or High German of Germany is the variety of Standard German that is written and spoken in Germany.

See German language and German Standard German

German toponymy

Placenames in the German language area can be classified by the language from which they originate, and by era.

See German language and German toponymy

German verbs

German verbs may be classified as either weak, with a dental consonant inflection, or strong, showing a vowel gradation (ablaut).

See German language and German verbs

German-speaking Community of Belgium

The German-speaking Community (Deutschsprachige Gemeinschaft), also known as East Belgium (Ostbelgien), is one of the three federal communities of Belgium, with an area of in the Liège Province of Wallonia, including nine of the eleven municipalities of Eupen-Malmedy. German language and German-speaking Community of Belgium are languages of Belgium.

See German language and German-speaking Community of Belgium

German-speaking Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia

The German-speaking Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia (known as GELC, GELK, or DELK) is a Lutheran denomination based in Namibia.

See German language and German-speaking Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia

German-speaking Switzerland

The German-speaking part of Switzerland (Deutschschweiz, Suisse alémanique, Svizzera tedesca, Svizra tudestga) comprises about 65 percent of Switzerland (North Western Switzerland, Eastern Switzerland, Central Switzerland, most of the Swiss Plateau and the greater part of the Swiss Alps). German language and German-speaking Switzerland are languages of Switzerland.

See German language and German-speaking Switzerland

Germanic languages

The Germanic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family spoken natively by a population of about 515 million people mainly in Europe, North America, Oceania and Southern Africa.

See German language and Germanic languages

Germanic strong verb

In the Germanic languages, a strong verb is a verb that marks its past tense by means of changes to the stem vowel.

See German language and Germanic strong verb

Germanic umlaut

The Germanic umlaut (sometimes called i-umlaut or i-mutation) is a type of linguistic umlaut in which a back vowel changes to the associated front vowel (fronting) or a front vowel becomes closer to (raising) when the following syllable contains,, or.

See German language and Germanic umlaut

Germanic weak verb

In the Germanic languages, weak verbs are by far the largest group of verbs, and are therefore often regarded as the norm (the regular verbs).

See German language and Germanic weak verb

Germanisation

Germanisation, or Germanization, is the spread of the German language, people, and culture.

See German language and Germanisation

Germanism (linguistics)

A Germanism is a loan word or other loan element borrowed from German for use in some other language.

See German language and Germanism (linguistics)

Germans in the Czech Republic

There are various communities of Germans in the Czech Republic (Německá menšina v Česku, Deutschböhmen (historical), Deutsche in Tschechien).

See German language and Germans in the Czech Republic

Germans of Hungary

German Hungarians (Ungarndeutsche, magyarországi németek) are the German-speaking minority of Hungary, sometimes also called Danube Swabians (German: Donauschwaben, Hungarian: dunai svábok), many of whom call themselves "Shwoveh" in their own Swabian dialect.

See German language and Germans of Hungary

Germans of Romania

The Germans of Romania (Rumäniendeutsche; Germanii din România or germani-români; romániai németek) represent one of the most significant historical ethnic minorities of Romania from the modern period onwards.

See German language and Germans of Romania

Germany

Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), is a country in Central Europe.

See German language and Germany

Ghent

Ghent (Gent; Gand; historically known as Gaunt in English) is a city and a municipality in the Flemish Region of Belgium.

See German language and Ghent

Gloss (annotation)

A gloss is a brief notation, especially a marginal or interlinear one, of the meaning of a word or wording in a text.

See German language and Gloss (annotation)

Glossary

A glossary (from γλῶσσα, glossa; language, speech, wording), also known as a vocabulary or clavis, is an alphabetical list of terms in a particular domain of knowledge with the definitions for those terms.

See German language and Glossary

Goethe-Institut

The Goethe-Institut (GI, Goethe Institute) is a non-profit German cultural association operational worldwide with 159 institutes, promoting the study of the German language abroad and encouraging international cultural exchange and relations.

See German language and Goethe-Institut

Gothic language

Gothic is an extinct East Germanic language that was spoken by the Goths.

See German language and Gothic language

Gotthold Ephraim Lessing

Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (22 January 1729 – 15 February 1781) was a German philosopher, dramatist, publicist and art critic, and a representative of the Enlightenment era.

See German language and Gotthold Ephraim Lessing

Gqeberha

Gqeberha, formerly known as Port Elizabeth, and colloquially referred to as P.E., is a major seaport and the most populous city in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa.

See German language and Gqeberha

Grammar

In linguistics, a grammar is the set of rules for how a natural language is structured, as demonstrated by its speakers or writers.

See German language and Grammar

Grammatical aspect

In linguistics, aspect is a grammatical category that expresses how a verbal action, event, or state, extends over time.

See German language and Grammatical aspect

Grammatical case

A grammatical case is a category of nouns and noun modifiers (determiners, adjectives, participles, and numerals) that corresponds to one or more potential grammatical functions for a nominal group in a wording.

See German language and Grammatical case

Grammatical conjugation

In linguistics, conjugation is the creation of derived forms of a verb from its principal parts by inflection (alteration of form according to rules of grammar).

See German language and Grammatical conjugation

Grammatical gender

In linguistics, a grammatical gender system is a specific form of a noun class system, where nouns are assigned to gender categories that are often not related to the real-world qualities of the entities denoted by those nouns.

See German language and Grammatical gender

Grammatical mood

In linguistics, grammatical mood is a grammatical feature of verbs, used for signaling modality.

See German language and Grammatical mood

Grammatical number

In linguistics, grammatical number is a feature of nouns, pronouns, adjectives and verb agreement that expresses count distinctions (such as "one", "two" or "three or more").

See German language and Grammatical number

Grammatical person

In linguistics, grammatical person is the grammatical distinction between deictic references to participant(s) in an event; typically, the distinction is between the speaker (first person), the addressee (second person), and others (third person).

See German language and Grammatical person

Grammatical tense

In grammar, tense is a category that expresses time reference.

See German language and Grammatical tense

Grand Est

Grand Est ("Great East") is an administrative region in northeastern France.

See German language and Grand Est

Graz

Graz is the capital of the Austrian federal state of Styria and the second-largest city in Austria, after Vienna.

See German language and Graz

Greek language

Greek (Elliniká,; Hellēnikḗ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus, Italy (in Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor, and the Eastern Mediterranean. German language and Greek language are Fusional languages.

See German language and Greek language

Grisons

The Grisons or Graubünden,Names include.

See German language and Grisons

Groningen

Groningen (Grunn or Grunnen) is the capital city and main municipality of Groningen province in the Netherlands.

See German language and Groningen

Haarlem

Haarlem (predecessor of Harlem in English) is a city and municipality in the Netherlands.

See German language and Haarlem

Habsburg monarchy

The Habsburg monarchy, also known as Habsburg Empire, or Habsburg Realm, was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities that were ruled by the House of Habsburg.

See German language and Habsburg monarchy

Hagen

Hagen is a city in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, on the southeastern edge of the Ruhr area, 15 km south of Dortmund, where the rivers Lenne and Volme meet the Ruhr.

See German language and Hagen

Halle (Saale)

Halle (Saale), or simply Halle (from the 15th to the 17th century: Hall in Sachsen; until the beginning of the 20th century: Halle an der Saale; from 1965 to 1995: Halle/Saale) is the largest city of the German state of Saxony-Anhalt, the fifth-most populous city in the area of former East Germany after (East) Berlin, Leipzig, Dresden and Chemnitz, as well as the 31st-largest city of Germany, and with around 244,000 inhabitants, it is slightly more populous than the state capital of Magdeburg.

See German language and Halle (Saale)

Hamburg

Hamburg (Hamborg), officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg,.

See German language and Hamburg

Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia

Hamm (Latin: Hammona) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

See German language and Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia

Hanau

Hanau is a city in the Main-Kinzig-Kreis, in Hesse, Germany.

See German language and Hanau

Hanover

Hanover (Hannover; Hannober) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Lower Saxony.

See German language and Hanover

Hanseatic League

The Hanseatic League was a medieval commercial and defensive network of merchant guilds and market towns in Central and Northern Europe.

See German language and Hanseatic League

Hartmann von Aue

Hartmann von Aue, also known as Hartmann von Ouwe, (born c. 1160–70, died c. 1210–20) was a German knight and poet.

See German language and Hartmann von Aue

Hauerland

Hauerland (also called Kremnitz-Deutschprobener Sprachinsel) is the German name for a region presently located in central Slovakia once inhabited by Carpathian Germans.

See German language and Hauerland

Hebrew alphabet

The Hebrew alphabet (אָלֶף־בֵּית עִבְרִי), known variously by scholars as the Ktav Ashuri, Jewish script, square script and block script, is traditionally an abjad script used in the writing of the Hebrew language and other Jewish languages, most notably Yiddish, Ladino, Judeo-Arabic, and Judeo-Persian.

See German language and Hebrew alphabet

Heidelberg

Heidelberg (Heidlberg) is a city in the German state of Baden-Württemberg, situated on the river Neckar in south-west Germany.

See German language and Heidelberg

Heilbronn

Heilbronn is a city in northern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, surrounded by Heilbronn District.

See German language and Heilbronn

Heilbronn-Franconia

Heilbronn-Franken is a region in northeastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, in the Stuttgart subdivision (Regierungsbezirk).

See German language and Heilbronn-Franconia

Heinrich Böll

Heinrich Theodor Böll (21 December 1917 – 16 July 1985) was a German writer.

See German language and Heinrich Böll

Heinrich Heine

Christian Johann Heinrich Heine (born Harry Heine; 13 December 1797 – 17 February 1856) was a German poet, writer and literary critic.

See German language and Heinrich Heine

Heinrich von Kleist

Bernd Heinrich Wilhelm von Kleist (18 October 177721 November 1811) was a German poet, dramatist, novelist, short story writer and journalist.

See German language and Heinrich von Kleist

Hermann Hesse

Hermann Karl Hesse (2 July 1877 – 9 August 1962) was a German-Swiss poet, novelist, and painter.

See German language and Hermann Hesse

Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia

Herne is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

See German language and Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia

Herta Müller

Herta Müller (born 17 August 1953) is a Romanian-German novelist, poet, essayist and recipient of the 2009 Nobel Prize in Literature.

See German language and Herta Müller

Hessian dialects

Hessian (Hessisch) is a West Central German group of dialects of the German language in the central German state of Hesse.

See German language and Hessian dialects

High Alemannic German

High Alemannic is a branch of Alemannic German spoken in the westernmost Austrian state of Vorarlberg and in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. German language and High Alemannic German are languages of Liechtenstein.

See German language and High Alemannic German

High Franconian German

High Franconian or Upper Franconian (Oberfränkisch) is a part of High German consisting of East Franconian and South Franconian. German language and High Franconian German are languages of Germany.

See German language and High Franconian German

High German consonant shift

In historical linguistics, the High German consonant shift or second Germanic consonant shift is a phonological development (sound change) that took place in the southern parts of the West Germanic dialect continuum in several phases.

See German language and High German consonant shift

High German languages

The High German languages (hochdeutsche Mundarten, i.e. High German dialects), or simply High German (Hochdeutsch) – not to be confused with Standard High German which is commonly also called "High German" – comprise the varieties of German spoken south of the Benrath and Uerdingen isoglosses in central and southern Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland, Luxembourg, and eastern Belgium, as well as in neighbouring portions of France (Alsace and northern Lorraine), Italy (South Tyrol), the Czech Republic (Bohemia), and Poland (Upper Silesia). German language and High German languages are languages of Germany.

See German language and High German languages

High Prussian dialect

High Prussian (Hochpreußisch) is a group of East Central German dialects in former East Prussia, in present-day Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (Poland) and Kaliningrad Oblast (Russia).

See German language and High Prussian dialect

Highest Alemannic German

Highest Alemannic is a branch of Alemannic German and is often considered to be part of the German language, even though mutual intelligibility with Standard German and other non-Alemannic German dialects is very limited.

See German language and Highest Alemannic German

Hildebrandslied

The Hildebrandslied (Lay or Song of Hildebrand) is a heroic lay written in Old High German alliterative verse.

See German language and Hildebrandslied

Hildesheim

Hildesheim (Hilmessen or Hilmssen; Hildesia) is a city in Lower Saxony, in north-central Germany with 101,693 inhabitants.

See German language and Hildesheim

History of German

The appearance of the German language begins in the Early Middle Ages with the High German consonant shift.

See German language and History of German

History of Germans in Russia, Ukraine, and the Soviet Union

The German minority population in Russia, Ukraine, and the Soviet Union stemmed from several sources and arrived in several waves.

See German language and History of Germans in Russia, Ukraine, and the Soviet Union

Hohenstaufen

The Hohenstaufen dynasty, also known as the Staufer, was a noble family of unclear origin that rose to rule the Duchy of Swabia from 1079, and to royal rule in the Holy Roman Empire during the Middle Ages from 1138 until 1254.

See German language and Hohenstaufen

Holy Roman Emperor

The Holy Roman Emperor, originally and officially the Emperor of the Romans (Imperator Romanorum, Kaiser der Römer) during the Middle Ages, and also known as the Roman-German Emperor since the early modern period (Imperator Germanorum, Roman-German emperor), was the ruler and head of state of the Holy Roman Empire.

See German language and Holy Roman Emperor

Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire, also known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after 1512, was a polity in Central and Western Europe, usually headed by the Holy Roman Emperor.

See German language and Holy Roman Empire

Hungary

Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe.

See German language and Hungary

Hunsrik

Hunsrik (natively Hunsrik, Hunsrückisch or Hunsrickisch and Portuguese hunsriqueano or hunsriqueano riograndense), also called Riograndese Hunsrik, Riograndenser Hunsrückisch or Katharinensisch, is a Moselle Franconian language derived primarily from the Hunsrückisch dialect of West Central German which is spoken in parts of South America.

See German language and Hunsrik

Hutterite German

Hutterite German (German: Hutterisch) is an Upper German dialect of the Bavarian variety of the German language, which is spoken by Hutterite communities in Canada and the United States.

See German language and Hutterite German

Icelandic language

Icelandic (íslenska) is a North Germanic language from the Indo-European language family spoken by about 314,000 people, the vast majority of whom live in Iceland, where it is the national language. German language and Icelandic language are verb-second languages.

See German language and Icelandic language

Imperative mood

The imperative mood is a grammatical mood that forms a command or request.

See German language and Imperative mood

Indo-European languages

The Indo-European languages are a language family native to the overwhelming majority of Europe, the Iranian plateau, and the northern Indian subcontinent.

See German language and Indo-European languages

Infinitive

Infinitive (abbreviated) is a linguistics term for certain verb forms existing in many languages, most often used as non-finite verbs.

See German language and Infinitive

Inflection

In linguistic morphology, inflection (less commonly, inflexion) is a process of word formation in which a word is modified to express different grammatical categories such as tense, case, voice, aspect, person, number, gender, mood, animacy, and definiteness.

See German language and Inflection

Ingolstadt

Ingolstadt (Austro-Bavarian) is an independent city on the Danube, in Upper Bavaria, with 142.308 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2023).

See German language and Ingolstadt

Innsbruck

Innsbruck (Austro-Bavarian) is the capital of Tyrol and the fifth-largest city in Austria.

See German language and Innsbruck

Irminones

The Irminones, also referred to as Herminones or Hermiones (Ἑρμίονες), were a large group of early Germanic tribes settling in the Elbe watershed and by the first century AD expanding into Bavaria, Swabia, and Bohemia.

See German language and Irminones

ISO 639-3

ISO 639-3:2007, Codes for the representation of names of languages – Part 3: Alpha-3 code for comprehensive coverage of languages, is an international standard for language codes in the ISO 639 series.

See German language and ISO 639-3

Istvaeones

The Istvaeones were a Germanic group of tribes living near the banks of the Rhine during the Roman Empire which reportedly shared a common culture and origin.

See German language and Istvaeones

Italian language

Italian (italiano,, or lingua italiana) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family that evolved from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire. German language and italian language are Fusional languages and languages of Switzerland.

See German language and Italian language

Italy

Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern and Western Europe.

See German language and Italy

Iwein

Iwein is a Middle High German verse romance by the poet Hartmann von Aue, written around 1200.

See German language and Iwein

Jacob Grimm

Jacob Ludwig Karl Grimm (4 January 1785 – 20 September 1863), also known as Ludwig Karl, was a German author, linguist, philologist, jurist, and folklorist.

See German language and Jacob Grimm

Jena

Jena is a city in Germany and the second largest city in Thuringia.

See German language and Jena

Joachim Heinrich Campe

Joachim Heinrich Campe (29 June 1746 – 22 October 1818) was a German writer, linguist, educator and publisher.

See German language and Joachim Heinrich Campe

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German polymath and writer, who is widely regarded as the greatest and most influential writer in the German language.

See German language and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Kaiserslautern

Kaiserslautern (Palatinate German: Lautre) is a town in southwest Germany, located in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate at the edge of the Palatinate Forest.

See German language and Kaiserslautern

Kamerun

Kamerun was an African colony of the German Empire from 1884 to 1920 in the region of today's Republic of Cameroon.

See German language and Kamerun

Karlsruhe

Karlsruhe (South Franconian: Kallsruh) is the third-largest city of the German state of Baden-Württemberg, after its capital Stuttgart and Mannheim, and the 22nd-largest city in the nation, with 308,436 inhabitants.

See German language and Karlsruhe

Kassel

Kassel (in Germany, spelled Cassel until 1926) is a city on the Fulda River in northern Hesse, in central Germany.

See German language and Kassel

Kerkrade dialect

Kerkrade dialect (natively Kirchröadsj plat or simply Kirchröadsj, literally 'Kerkradish', Kirkräödsj, Standard Dutch: Kerkraads, Standard German: (die) Mundart von Kerkrade meaning (the) dialect of Kerkrade) is a Ripuarian dialect spoken in Kerkrade and its surroundings, including Herzogenrath in Germany.

See German language and Kerkrade dialect

Kiel

Kiel is the capital and most populous city in the northern German state of Schleswig-Holstein, with a population of 246,243 (2021).

See German language and Kiel

King Arthur

King Arthur (Brenin Arthur, Arthur Gernow, Roue Arzhur, Roi Arthur), according to legends, was a king of Britain.

See German language and King Arthur

Klagenfurt am Wörthersee

Klagenfurt am WörtherseeLandesgesetzblatt 2008 vom 16.

See German language and Klagenfurt am Wörthersee

Kleverlandish

Kleverlandish (Kleverlands; Kleverländisch) is a group of Low Franconian dialects spoken on both sides of the Dutch-German border along the Meuse and Rhine rivers. German language and Kleverlandish are languages of Germany.

See German language and Kleverlandish

Klingenthal

Klingenthal is a town in the Vogtland region, in Saxony, south-eastern Germany.

See German language and Klingenthal

Košice Region

The Košice Region (Košický kraj,; Kassai kerület; Кошицький край) is one of the eight Slovak administrative regions.

See German language and Košice Region

Koblenz

Koblenz is a German city on the banks of the Rhine (Middle Rhine) and the Moselle, a multinational tributary.

See German language and Koblenz

Krahule

Krahule (Blaufuss; Kékellő, until 1890: Blaufusz) is a village in Žiar nad Hronom District in the Banská Bystrica Region of central Slovakia.

See German language and Krahule

Krefeld

Krefeld (Krieëvel), also spelled Crefeld until 1925 (though the spelling was still being used in British papers throughout the Second World War), is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

See German language and Krefeld

Kurrent

Kurrent is an old form of German-language handwriting based on late medieval cursive writing, also known as Kurrentschrift ("cursive script"), deutsche Schrift ("German script"), and German cursive.

See German language and Kurrent

Language

Language is a structured system of communication that consists of grammar and vocabulary.

See German language and Language

Languages used on the Internet

Slightly over half of the homepages of the most visited websites on the World Wide Web are in English, with varying amounts of information available in many other languages.

See German language and Languages used on the Internet

Laranja da Terra

Laranja da Terra is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo.

See German language and Laranja da Terra

Last Judgment

The Last Judgment, Final Judgment, Day of Reckoning, Day of Judgment, Judgment Day, Doomsday, Day of Resurrection or The Day of the Lord (translit or label) is a concept found across the Abrahamic religions and the Frashokereti of Zoroastrianism.

See German language and Last Judgment

Latin

Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. German language and Latin are Fusional languages.

See German language and Latin

Latin script

The Latin script, also known as the Roman script, is a writing system based on the letters of the classical Latin alphabet, derived from a form of the Greek alphabet which was in use in the ancient Greek city of Cumae in Magna Graecia.

See German language and Latin script

Lübeck

Lübeck (Low German: Lübęk or Lübeek ˈlyːbeːk; Latin: Lubeca), officially the Hanseatic City of Lübeck (Hansestadt Lübeck), is a city in Northern Germany.

See German language and Lübeck

Leiden

Leiden (in English and archaic Dutch also Leyden) is a city and municipality in the province of South Holland, Netherlands.

See German language and Leiden

Leipzig

Leipzig (Upper Saxon: Leibz'sch) is the most populous city in the German state of Saxony.

See German language and Leipzig

Letter case

Letter case is the distinction between the letters that are in larger uppercase or capitals (or more formally majuscule) and smaller lowercase (or more formally minuscule) in the written representation of certain languages.

See German language and Letter case

Letterhead

A letterhead is the heading at the top of a sheet of letter paper (stationery).

See German language and Letterhead

Leuven

Leuven, also called Louvain (Löwen), is the capital and largest city of the province of Flemish Brabant in the Flemish Region of Belgium.

See German language and Leuven

Leverkusen

Leverkusen is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, on the eastern bank of the Rhine.

See German language and Leverkusen

Lexicon

A lexicon (plural: lexicons, rarely lexica) is the vocabulary of a language or branch of knowledge (such as nautical or medical).

See German language and Lexicon

Liechtenstein

Liechtenstein, officially the Principality of Liechtenstein (Fürstentum Liechtenstein), is a doubly landlocked German-speaking microstate in the Central European Alps, between Austria in the east and north and Switzerland in the west and south.

See German language and Liechtenstein

Limburgish

Limburgish (Limburgs or Lèmburgs; Limburgs; Limburgisch; Limbourgeois), also called Limburgan, Limburgian, or Limburgic, is a West Germanic language spoken in Dutch Limburg, Belgian Limburg, and neighbouring regions of Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia). German language and Limburgish are languages of Belgium, languages of Germany and verb-second languages.

See German language and Limburgish

Lingua franca

A lingua franca (for plurals see), also known as a bridge language, common language, trade language, auxiliary language, vehicular language, or link language, is a language systematically used to make communication possible between groups of people who do not share a native language or dialect, particularly when it is a third language that is distinct from both of the speakers' native languages.

See German language and Lingua franca

Linguistics

Linguistics is the scientific study of language.

See German language and Linguistics

Linz

Linz (Linec) is the capital of Upper Austria and third-largest city in Austria.

See German language and Linz

List of countries and territories where German is an official language

The following is a list of the countries and territories where German is an official language (also known as the Germanosphere).

See German language and List of countries and territories where German is an official language

List of German expressions in English

The English language has incorporated various loanwords, terms, phrases, or quotations from the German language.

See German language and List of German expressions in English

List of German words of French origin

This is a list of German words and expressions of French origin.

See German language and List of German words of French origin

List of German-language newspapers published in the United States

In the period from the 1830s until the First World War, dozens of German-language newspapers in the United States were published.

See German language and List of German-language newspapers published in the United States

List of German-language radio stations

This is a list of radio stations with German language broadcasts.

See German language and List of German-language radio stations

List of German-language television channels

The List of German-language television channels includes the following channels.

See German language and List of German-language television channels

List of magazines in Germany

The following is an incomplete list of current and defunct magazines published in Germany. Their language may be German or other languages.

See German language and List of magazines in Germany

List of newspapers in Germany

The number of national daily newspapers in Germany was 598 in 1950, whereas it was 375 in 1965.

See German language and List of newspapers in Germany

List of pseudo-German words in English

This is a list of pseudo-German words adapted from the German language in such a way that their meanings in English are not readily understood by native speakers of German (usually because of the new circumstances in which these words are used in English).

See German language and List of pseudo-German words in English

List of radio stations in Germany

This list of radio stations in Germany lists all radio stations broadcast in Germany, sorted first by legal status, then by area.

See German language and List of radio stations in Germany

List of states in the Holy Roman Empire

This list of states in the Holy Roman Empire includes any territory ruled by an authority that had been granted imperial immediacy, as well as many other feudal entities such as lordships, sous-fiefs, and allodial fiefs.

See German language and List of states in the Holy Roman Empire

List of television stations in Germany

As one of the largest industrial nations and with the largest population in the European Union, Germany today offers a vast diversity of television stations.

See German language and List of television stations in Germany

List of terms used for Germans

There are many terms for the Germans.

See German language and List of terms used for Germans

Literary language

Literary language is the form (register) of a language used when writing in a formal, academic, or particularly polite tone; when speaking or writing in such a tone, it can also be known as formal language.

See German language and Literary language

Ljubljana

Ljubljana (also known by other historical names) is the capital and largest city of Slovenia, located along a trade route between the northern Adriatic Sea and the Danube region, north of the country's largest marsh, inhabited since prehistoric times.

See German language and Ljubljana

Loanword

A loanword (also a loan word, loan-word) is a word at least partly assimilated from one language (the donor language) into another language (the recipient or target language), through the process of borrowing.

See German language and Loanword

Long s

The long s,, also known as the medial s or initial s, is an archaic form of the lowercase letter, found mostly in works from the late 8th to early 19th centuries.

See German language and Long s

Lorraine Franconian

Lorraine Franconian (Lorraine Franconian: Plàtt or lottrìnger Plàtt; francique lorrain or platt lorrain; Lothringisch) is an ambiguous designation for dialects of West Central German (Westmitteldeutsch), a group of High German dialects spoken in the Moselle department of the former northeastern French region of Lorraine (See Linguistic boundary of Moselle).

See German language and Lorraine Franconian

Low Alemannic German

Low Alemannic German (Niederalemannisch) is a branch of Alemannic German, which is part of Upper German. German language and Low Alemannic German are languages of Austria and languages of Germany.

See German language and Low Alemannic German

Low Franconian

In historical and comparative linguistics, Low Franconian is a linguistic category used to classify a number of historical and contemporary West Germanic varieties closely related to, and including, the Dutch language.

See German language and Low Franconian

Low German

Low German is a West Germanic language spoken mainly in Northern Germany and the northeastern Netherlands. German language and Low German are languages of Germany.

See German language and Low German

Lower Austria

Lower Austria (Niederösterreich abbreviation LA or NÖ; Austro-Bavarian: Niedaöstareich, Niedaestareich, Dolné Rakúsko, Dolní Rakousy) is one of the nine states of Austria, located in the northeastern corner of the country.

See German language and Lower Austria

Lower Bavaria

Lower Bavaria (Niederbayern, Bavarian: Niedabayern) is one of the seven administrative regions of Bavaria, Germany, located in the east of the state.

See German language and Lower Bavaria

Lower Franconia

Lower Franconia (Unterfranken) is one of seven districts of Bavaria, Germany.

See German language and Lower Franconia

Lower Rhine

Lower Rhine (Niederrhein,; kilometres 660 to 1,033 of the Rhine) refers to the section of the Rhine between Bonn in Germany and the North Sea at Hook of Holland in the Netherlands, including the Nederrijn (Nether Rhine) within the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta; alternatively, Lower Rhine may also refer to just the part upstream of Pannerdens Kop (km 660–865.5), excluding the Nederrijn.

See German language and Lower Rhine

Lower Saxony

Lower Saxony is a German state in northwestern Germany.

See German language and Lower Saxony

Ludwigshafen

Ludwigshafen, officially Ludwigshafen am Rhein (meaning "Ludwig's Port upon Rhine"), is a city in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, on the river Rhine (Upper Rhine), opposite Mannheim.

See German language and Ludwigshafen

Ludwigslied

The Ludwigslied (in English, Lay or Song of Ludwig) is an Old High German (OHG) poem of 59 rhyming couplets, celebrating the victory of the Frankish army, led by Louis III of France, over Danish (Viking) raiders at the Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu on 3 August 881.

See German language and Ludwigslied

Luther Bible

The Luther Bible (Lutherbibel) is a German language Bible translation by the Protestant reformer Martin Luther.

See German language and Luther Bible

Luxembourg

Luxembourg (Lëtzebuerg; Luxemburg; Luxembourg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, is a small landlocked country in Western Europe.

See German language and Luxembourg

Luxembourg City

Luxembourg (Lëtzebuerg; Luxembourg; Luxemburg), also known as Luxembourg City (Stad Lëtzebuerg or d'Stad; Ville de Luxembourg; Stadt Luxemburg or Luxemburg-Stadt), is the capital city of Luxembourg and the country's most populous commune.

See German language and Luxembourg City

Luxembourgish

Luxembourgish (also Luxemburgish, Luxembourgian, Letzebu(e)rgesch; Lëtzebuergesch) is a West Germanic language that is spoken mainly in Luxembourg. German language and Luxembourgish are languages of Belgium, languages of Luxembourg and verb-second languages.

See German language and Luxembourgish

Lyric poetry

Modern lyric poetry is a formal type of poetry which expresses personal emotions or feelings, typically spoken in the first person.

See German language and Lyric poetry

Maastricht

Maastricht (Mestreech; Maestricht; Mastrique) is a city and a municipality in the southeastern Netherlands.

See German language and Maastricht

Magdeburg

Magdeburg is the capital of the German state Saxony-Anhalt.

See German language and Magdeburg

Mainz

Mainz (see below) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, and with around 223,000 inhabitants, it is Germany's 35th-largest city.

See German language and Mainz

Mandarin Chinese

Mandarin is a group of Chinese language dialects that are natively spoken across most of northern and southwestern China.

See German language and Mandarin Chinese

Mannheim

Mannheim (Palatine German: Mannem or Monnem), officially the University City of Mannheim (Universitätsstadt Mannheim), is the second-largest city in the German state of Baden-Württemberg, after the state capital of Stuttgart, and Germany's 21st-largest city, with a 2021 population of 311,831 inhabitants.

See German language and Mannheim

Mark Twain

Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30, 1835 – April 21, 1910), known by the pen name Mark Twain, was an American writer, humorist, and essayist.

See German language and Mark Twain

Markneukirchen

Markneukirchen is a town in the Vogtlandkreis district, in Saxony, Germany, close to the Czech border.

See German language and Markneukirchen

Martin Luther

Martin Luther (10 November 1483– 18 February 1546) was a German priest, theologian, author, hymnwriter, professor, and Augustinian friar.

See German language and Martin Luther

Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor

Maximilian I (22 March 1459 – 12 January 1519) was King of the Romans from 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1508 until his death in 1519.

See German language and Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor

Mòcheno language

Mòcheno (Fersentalerisch; Bersntolerisch) is an Upper German variety spoken in three towns of the Bersntol (Fersental, Valle del Fersina), in Trentino, northeastern Italy. German language and Mòcheno language are languages of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol.

See German language and Mòcheno language

Mönchengladbach

Mönchengladbach (Jlabbach) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

See German language and Mönchengladbach

Mülheim

Mülheim, officially Mülheim an der Ruhr (Mölm; Müllem) and also described as "City on the River", is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany.

See German language and Mülheim

Münster

Münster (Mönster) is an independent city (Kreisfreie Stadt) in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

See German language and Münster

MediathekView

MediathekView is a free open-source software designed to manage the online multimedia libraries of several German public broadcasters as well as an Austrian, a Swiss and a Franco-German public broadcaster.

See German language and MediathekView

Merseburg charms

The Merseburg charms, Merseburg spells, or Merseburg incantations (die Merseburger Zaubersprüche) are two medieval magic spells, charms or incantations, written in Old High German.

See German language and Merseburg charms

Metre (poetry)

In poetry, metre (Commonwealth spelling) or meter (American spelling; see spelling differences) is the basic rhythmic structure of a verse or lines in verse.

See German language and Metre (poetry)

Microsoft Windows

Microsoft Windows is a product line of proprietary graphical operating systems developed and marketed by Microsoft.

See German language and Microsoft Windows

Mid central vowel

The mid central vowel (also known as schwa) is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages.

See German language and Mid central vowel

Middle Ages

In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.

See German language and Middle Ages

Middle Dutch

Middle Dutch is a collective name for a number of closely related West Germanic dialects whose ancestor was Old Dutch. German language and Middle Dutch are languages of Belgium.

See German language and Middle Dutch

Middle Franconia

Middle Franconia (Mittelfranken) is one of the three administrative regions of Franconia, Germany, in the west of Bavaria bordering the state of Baden-Württemberg.

See German language and Middle Franconia

Middle High German

Middle High German (MHG; Mittelhochdeutsch (Mhdt., Mhd.)) is the term for the form of German spoken in the High Middle Ages. German language and Middle High German are high German languages.

See German language and Middle High German

Middle Low German

Middle Low German (Middelsassisk, label, label or label, italics, italics) is a developmental stage of Low German.

See German language and Middle Low German

Midwestern United States

The Midwestern United States, also referred to as the Midwest or the American Midwest, is one of four census regions of the United States Census Bureau.

See German language and Midwestern United States

Migration Period

The Migration Period (circa 300 to 600 AD), also known as the Barbarian Invasions, was a period in European history marked by large-scale migrations that saw the fall of the Western Roman Empire and subsequent settlement of its former territories by various tribes, and the establishment of the post-Roman kingdoms.

See German language and Migration Period

Missingsch

Missingsch is a type of Low-German-coloured dialect or sociolect of German.

See German language and Missingsch

A modal verb is a type of verb that contextually indicates a modality such as a likelihood, ability, permission, request, capacity, suggestion, order, obligation, necessity, possibility or advice.

See German language and Modal verb

Modality (semiotics)

In semiotics, a modality is a particular way in which information is to be encoded for presentation to humans, i.e. to the type of sign and to the status of reality ascribed to or claimed by a sign, text, or genre.

See German language and Modality (semiotics)

Modern English

Modern English, sometimes called New English (NE) or present-day English (PDE) as opposed to Middle and Old English, is the form of the English language that has been spoken since the Great Vowel Shift in England, which began in the late 14th century and was completed by the 17th century.

See German language and Modern English

Moers

Moers (older form: Mörs; Dutch: Murse, Murs or Meurs) is a German city on the western bank of the Rhine, close to Duisburg.

See German language and Moers

Monastery

A monastery is a building or complex of buildings comprising the domestic quarters and workplaces of monastics, monks or nuns, whether living in communities or alone (hermits).

See German language and Monastery

Moselle (department)

Moselle is the most populous department in Lorraine, in the northeast of France, and is named after the river Moselle, a tributary of the Rhine, which flows through the western part of the department.

See German language and Moselle (department)

Moselle Franconian language

Moselle Franconian (Moselfränkisch, Muselfränkesch) is a West Central German language, part of the Central Franconian languages area, that includes Luxembourgish.

See German language and Moselle Franconian language

Mulhouse

Mulhouse (Alsatian: Mìlhüsa;, meaning "mill house") is a city of the European Collectivity of Alsace (Haut-Rhin department, in the Grand Est region of France), close to the Swiss and German borders.

See German language and Mulhouse

Munich

Munich (München) is the capital and most populous city of the Free State of Bavaria, Germany.

See German language and Munich

Muspilli

Muspilli is an Old High German alliterative verse poem known in incomplete form (103 lines) from a ninth-century Bavarian manuscript.

See German language and Muspilli

Mutual intelligibility

In linguistics, mutual intelligibility is a relationship between languages or dialects in which speakers of different but related varieties can readily understand each other without prior familiarity or special effort.

See German language and Mutual intelligibility

Names of Germany

There are many widely varying names of Germany in different languages, more so than for any other European nation.

See German language and Names of Germany

Namibia

Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa.

See German language and Namibia

Namibia Media Holdings

Namibia Media Holdings (NMH, previously Democratic Media Holdings, DMH) is a publishing house in Namibia.

See German language and Namibia Media Holdings

Namibian Black German

Namibian Black German, also NBG, (Küchendeutsch, "kitchen German") is a pidgin language of Namibia that derives from standard German. German language and Namibian Black German are languages of Namibia.

See German language and Namibian Black German

Namibian Broadcasting Corporation

The Namibian Broadcasting Corporation (NBC) (Namibiese Uitsaai-Korporasie, NUK) is the public broadcaster of Namibia.

See German language and Namibian Broadcasting Corporation

National language

A national language is a language (or language variant, e.g. dialect) that has some connection—de facto or de jure—with a nation.

See German language and National language

Nazi Party

The Nazi Party, officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP), was a far-right political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945 that created and supported the ideology of Nazism.

See German language and Nazi Party

Nazism

Nazism, formally National Socialism (NS; Nationalsozialismus), is the far-right totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany.

See German language and Nazism

Nelly Sachs

Nelly Sachs (10 December 1891 – 12 May 1970) was a German–Swedish poet and playwright.

See German language and Nelly Sachs

Netherlands

The Netherlands, informally Holland, is a country located in Northwestern Europe with overseas territories in the Caribbean.

See German language and Netherlands

Neuss

Neuss (written Neuß until 1968; Nüss; Novaesium) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

See German language and Neuss

New Testament

The New Testament (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon.

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New Ulm, Minnesota

New Ulm is a city and the county seat of Brown County, Minnesota, United States.

See German language and New Ulm, Minnesota

New Zealand

New Zealand (Aotearoa) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.

See German language and New Zealand

Nibelungenlied

The Nibelungenlied (Der Nibelunge liet or Der Nibelunge nôt), translated as The Song of the Nibelungs, is an epic poem written around 1200 in Middle High German.

See German language and Nibelungenlied

Nijmegen

Nijmegen (Nijmeegs: italics) is the largest city in the Dutch province of Gelderland and the tenth largest of the Netherlands as a whole.

See German language and Nijmegen

Nobel Prize in Literature

The Nobel Prize in Literature (here meaning for literature; Nobelpriset i litteratur) is a Swedish literature prize that is awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, "in the field of literature, produced the most outstanding work in an idealistic direction" (original den som inom litteraturen har producerat det utmärktaste i idealisk riktning).

See German language and Nobel Prize in Literature

Nominative case

In grammar, the nominative case (abbreviated), subjective case, straight case, or upright case is one of the grammatical cases of a noun or other part of speech, which generally marks the subject of a verb, or (in Latin and formal variants of English) a predicative nominal or adjective, as opposed to its object, or other verb arguments.

See German language and Nominative case

Nordfriesland (district)

Nordfriesland (Nordfrisland; Nordfraschlönj Low German: Noordfreesland), also known as North Frisia, is the northernmost district of Germany, part of the state of Schleswig-Holstein.

See German language and Nordfriesland (district)

North Bohemia

North Bohemia (Severní Čechy, Nordböhmen) is a region in the north of the Czech Republic.

See German language and North Bohemia

North Dakota

North Dakota is a landlocked U.S. state in the Upper Midwest, named after the indigenous Dakota Sioux.

See German language and North Dakota

North Frisian language

North Frisian is a minority language of Germany, spoken by about 10,000 people in North Frisia. German language and North Frisian language are languages of Germany.

See German language and North Frisian language

North Germanic languages

The North Germanic languages make up one of the three branches of the Germanic languages—a sub-family of the Indo-European languages—along with the West Germanic languages and the extinct East Germanic languages.

See German language and North Germanic languages

North Rhine-Westphalia

North Rhine-Westphalia or North-Rhine/Westphalia, commonly shortened to NRW, is a state (Land) in Western Germany. With more than 18 million inhabitants, it is the most populous state in Germany. Apart from the city-states, it is also the most densely populated state in Germany. Covering an area of, it is the fourth-largest German state by size.

See German language and North Rhine-Westphalia

North Sea Germanic

North Sea Germanic, also known as Ingvaeonic, is a postulated grouping of the northern West Germanic languages that consists of Old Frisian, Old English, and Old Saxon, and their descendants.

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Northern Europe

The northern region of Europe has several definitions.

See German language and Northern Europe

Northern Germany

Northern Germany (Norddeutschland) is a linguistic, geographic, socio-cultural and historic region in the northern part of Germany which includes the coastal states of Schleswig-Holstein, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Lower Saxony and the two city-states Hamburg and Bremen.

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Notker Labeo

Notker Labeo (– 28 June 1022), also known as Notker the German (Notcerus Teutonicus) or Notker III, was a Benedictine monk active as a scholar and teacher.

See German language and Notker Labeo

Nueva Braunau

Nueva Braunau (lit. New Braunau) is a Chilean village located in the commune of Puerto Varas, Southern Chile.

See German language and Nueva Braunau

Nuremberg

Nuremberg (Nürnberg; in the local East Franconian dialect: Nämberch) is the largest city in Franconia, the second-largest city in the German state of Bavaria, and its 544,414 (2023) inhabitants make it the 14th-largest city in Germany.

See German language and Nuremberg

Oberhausen

Oberhausen is a city on the river Emscher in the Ruhr Area, Germany, located between Duisburg and Essen. The city hosts the International Short Film Festival Oberhausen and its Gasometer Oberhausen is an anchor point of the European Route of Industrial Heritage.

See German language and Oberhausen

Oelsnitz, Vogtland

Oelsnitz (Wolešnica) is a town in the Vogtlandkreis district, in Saxony, Germany.

See German language and Oelsnitz, Vogtland

Offenbach am Main

Offenbach am Main is a city in Hesse, Germany, on the left bank of the river Main.

See German language and Offenbach am Main

Official language

An official language is a language having certain rights to be used in defined situations.

See German language and Official language

Old English

Old English (Englisċ or Ænglisc), or Anglo-Saxon, was the earliest recorded form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages.

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Old High German

Old High German (OHG; Althochdeutsch (Ahdt., Ahd.)) is the earliest stage of the German language, conventionally identified as the period from around 500/750 to 1050. German language and Old High German are languages of Germany.

See German language and Old High German

Old Norse

Old Norse, Old Nordic, or Old Scandinavian is a stage of development of North Germanic dialects before their final divergence into separate Nordic languages.

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Old Saxon

Old Saxon (altsächsische Sprache), also known as Old Low German (altniederdeutsche Sprache), was a Germanic language and the earliest recorded form of Low German (spoken nowadays in Northern Germany, the northeastern Netherlands, southern Denmark, the Americas and parts of Eastern Europe). German language and Old Saxon are languages of Germany.

See German language and Old Saxon

Old Testament

The Old Testament (OT) is the first division of the Christian biblical canon, which is based primarily upon the 24 books of the Hebrew Bible, or Tanakh, a collection of ancient religious Hebrew and occasionally Aramaic writings by the Israelites.

See German language and Old Testament

Oldenburg (city)

Oldenburg (Northern Low Saxon: Ollnborg) is an independent city in the state of Lower Saxony, Germany.

See German language and Oldenburg (city)

One Standard German Axiom

The One Standard German Axiom is a concept by Austrian-Canadian UBC linguist Stefan Dollinger in his 2019 monograph The Pluricentricity Debate, used to describe what he believes is scepticism in German dialectology and linguistics towards the idea of multiple standard varieties.

See German language and One Standard German Axiom

Operating system

An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources, and provides common services for computer programs.

See German language and Operating system

Oradea

Oradea (Großwardein; Nagyvárad) is a city in Romania, located in the Crișana region.

See German language and Oradea

Ore Mountains

The Ore Mountains (Erzgebirge, Krušné hory) lie along the Czech–German border, separating the historical regions of Bohemia in the Czech Republic and Saxony in Germany.

See German language and Ore Mountains

Orthography

An orthography is a set of conventions for writing a language, including norms of spelling, hyphenation, capitalization, word boundaries, emphasis, and punctuation.

See German language and Orthography

Osnabrück

Osnabrück (Ossenbrügge; archaic Osnaburg) is a city in Lower Saxony in western Germany.

See German language and Osnabrück

Osorno, Chile

Osorno (Mapuche: Chauracavi) is a city and commune in southern Chile and capital of Osorno Province in the Los Lagos Region.

See German language and Osorno, Chile

Ostsiedlung

Ostsiedlung is the term for the Early Medieval and High Medieval migration of ethnic Germans and Germanization of the areas populated by Slavic, Baltic and Finnic peoples, the most settled area was known as Germania Slavica.

See German language and Ostsiedlung

Outline of German language

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to German language: One of the major languages of the world, German is the first language of almost 100 million people worldwide and the most widely spoken native language in the European Union.

See German language and Outline of German language

Paderborn

Paderborn (Westphalian: Patterbuorn, also Paterboärn) is a city in eastern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, capital of the Paderborn district.

See German language and Paderborn

Paganism

Paganism (from classical Latin pāgānus "rural", "rustic", later "civilian") is a term first used in the fourth century by early Christians for people in the Roman Empire who practiced polytheism, or ethnic religions other than Judaism.

See German language and Paganism

Palatine German dialects

Palatine German (Standard German: Pfälzisch, endonym: Pälzisch) is a group of Rhine Franconian dialects spoken in the Upper Rhine Valley, roughly in the area between Zweibrücken, Kaiserslautern, Alzey, Worms, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Mannheim, Odenwald, Heidelberg, Speyer, Landau, Wörth am Rhein and the border to Alsace and Lorraine, in France, but also beyond.

See German language and Palatine German dialects

Pan South African Language Board

The Pan South African Language Board (Pan-Suid-Afrikaanse Taalraad, abbreviated PanSALB) is an organisation in South Africa established to promote multilingualism, to develop the, and to protect language rights in South Africa.

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Pancas

Pancas is a Brazilian municipality in the state of Espírito Santo.

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Papua New Guinea

Papua New Guinea, officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and its offshore islands in Melanesia (a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean north of Australia).

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Paraguay

Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay (República del Paraguay; Paraguái Tavakuairetã), is a landlocked country in South America.

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Paramaribo

Paramaribo (nicknamed Par'bo) is the capital and largest city of Suriname, located on the banks of the Suriname River in the Paramaribo District.

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Parenthetical referencing

Parenthetical referencing is a citation system in which in-text citations are made using parentheses.

See German language and Parenthetical referencing

Parzival

Parzival is a medieval chivalric romance by the poet and knight Wolfram von Eschenbach in Middle High German.

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Passive voice

A passive voice construction is a grammatical voice construction that is found in many languages.

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Paul Heyse

Paul Johann Ludwig von Heyse (15 March 1830 – 2 April 1914) was a distinguished German writer and translator.

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Paywall

A paywall is a method of restricting access to content, with a purchase or a paid subscription, especially news.

See German language and Paywall

Penmanship

Penmanship is the technique of writing with the hand using a writing instrument.

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Pennsylvania Dutch language

Pennsylvania Dutch (Deitsch, help or Pennsilfaanisch) or Pennsylvania German, is a variation of Palatine German spoken by the Pennsylvania Dutch, including the Amish, Mennonites, Fancy Dutch, and other related groups in the United States and Canada. German language and Pennsylvania Dutch language are Fusional languages.

See German language and Pennsylvania Dutch language

Perfect (grammar)

The perfect tense or aspect (abbreviated or) is a verb form that indicates that an action or circumstance occurred earlier than the time under consideration, often focusing attention on the resulting state rather than on the occurrence itself.

See German language and Perfect (grammar)

Peter Handke

Peter Handke (born 6 December 1942) is an Austrian novelist, playwright, translator, poet, film director, and screenwriter.

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Pforzen buckle

The Pforzen buckle is a silver belt buckle found in Pforzen, Ostallgäu (Schwaben) in 1992.

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Pforzheim

Pforzheim is a city of over 125,000 inhabitants in the federal state of Baden-Württemberg, in the southwest of Germany.

See German language and Pforzheim

Philipp von Zesen

Philipp von Zesen, also Filip Cösius or Caesius (originally Ph. Caesien, Filip Zesen, Filip von Zesen, in Latin Philippus Caesius à Fürstenau, Philippus Caesius à Zesen) (8 October 1619 O.S. – 13 November 1689 O.S.) was a German poet, hymnist and writer.

See German language and Philipp von Zesen

Phonology

Phonology is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages systematically organize their phones or, for sign languages, their constituent parts of signs.

See German language and Phonology

Pidgin

A pidgin, or pidgin language, is a grammatically simplified means of communication that develops between two or more groups of people that do not have a language in common: typically, its vocabulary and grammar are limited and often drawn from several languages.

See German language and Pidgin

Plauen

Plauen (Czech: Plavno) is, with a population of around 65,000, the fifth-largest city of Saxony, Germany after Leipzig, Dresden, Chemnitz and Zwickau, the second-largest city of the Vogtland after Gera, as well as the largest city in the Saxon Vogtland (German: Sächsisches Vogtland).

See German language and Plauen

Plautdietsch

Plautdietsch or Mennonite Low German is a Low Prussian dialect of East Low German with Dutch influence that developed in the 16th and 17th centuries in the Vistula delta area of Royal Prussia. German language and Plautdietsch are languages of Germany.

See German language and Plautdietsch

Plosive

In phonetics, a plosive, also known as an occlusive or simply a stop, is a pulmonic consonant in which the vocal tract is blocked so that all airflow ceases.

See German language and Plosive

Pluperfect

The pluperfect (shortening of plusquamperfect), usually called past perfect in English, is a type of verb form, generally treated as a grammatical tense in certain languages, relating to an action that occurred prior to an aforementioned time in the past.

See German language and Pluperfect

Pluricentric language

A pluricentric language or polycentric language is a language with several codified standard forms, often corresponding to different countries.

See German language and Pluricentric language

Poland

Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe.

See German language and Poland

Pomerode

Pomerode is a Brazilian municipality in the state of Santa Catarina, in Southern Brazil.

See German language and Pomerode

Potsdam

Potsdam is the capital and largest city of the German state of Brandenburg.

See German language and Potsdam

Prague

Prague (Praha) is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic and the historical capital of Bohemia.

See German language and Prague

Present tense

The present tense (abbreviated or) is a grammatical tense whose principal function is to locate a situation or event in the present time.

See German language and Present tense

Preterite

The preterite or preterit (abbreviated or) is a grammatical tense or verb form serving to denote events that took place or were completed in the past; in some languages, such as Spanish, French, and English, it is equivalent to the simple past tense.

See German language and Preterite

Pretoria

Pretoria, is South Africa's administrative capital, serving as the seat of the executive branch of government, and as the host to all foreign embassies to South Africa.

See German language and Pretoria

Principality

A principality (or sometimes princedom) can either be a monarchical feudatory or a sovereign state, ruled or reigned over by a regnant-monarch with the title of prince and/or princess, or by a monarch with another title considered to fall under the generic meaning of the term prince.

See German language and Principality

Printing press

A printing press is a mechanical device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print medium (such as paper or cloth), thereby transferring the ink.

See German language and Printing press

Pronunciation

Pronunciation is the way in which a word or a language is spoken.

See German language and Pronunciation

Proper noun

A proper noun is a noun that identifies a single entity and is used to refer to that entity (Africa; Jupiter; Sarah; Walmart) as distinguished from a common noun, which is a noun that refers to a class of entities (continent, planet, person, corporation) and may be used when referring to instances of a specific class (a continent, another planet, these persons, our corporation).

See German language and Proper noun

Proto-Germanic language

Proto-Germanic (abbreviated PGmc; also called Common Germanic) is the reconstructed proto-language of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European languages.

See German language and Proto-Germanic language

Puerto Montt

Puerto Montt (Mapuche: Meli Pulli) is a port city and commune in southern Chile, located at the northern end of the Reloncaví Sound in the Llanquihue Province, Los Lagos Region, 1,055 km to the south of the capital, Santiago.

See German language and Puerto Montt

Puerto Varas

Puerto Varas, also known as "La Ciudad De Las Rosas" or “The City Of Roses”, is a city and commune located in the southern Chilean province of Llanquihue, in the Los Lagos Region.

See German language and Puerto Varas

Quotation mark

Quotation marks are punctuation marks used in pairs in various writing systems to identify direct speech, a quotation, or a phrase.

See German language and Quotation mark

Realis mood

A realis mood (abbreviated) is a grammatical mood which is used principally to indicate that something is a statement of fact; in other words, to express what the speaker considers to be a known state of affairs, as in declarative sentences.

See German language and Realis mood

Recklinghausen

Recklinghausen (Westphalian: Riäkelhusen) is the northernmost city in the Ruhr-Area and the capital of the Recklinghausen district.

See German language and Recklinghausen

Regensburg

Regensburg (historically known in English as Ratisbon) is a city in eastern Bavaria, at the confluence of the Danube, Naab and Regen rivers, Danube's northernmost point.

See German language and Regensburg

Region of Southern Denmark

The Region of Southern Denmark (Region Syddanmark,; Region Süddänemark,; Regiuun Syddanmark) is an administrative region of Denmark established on Monday 1 January 2007 as part of the 2007 Danish Municipal Reform, which abolished the traditional counties ("amter") and set up five larger regions.

See German language and Region of Southern Denmark

Regional language

* A regional language is a language spoken in a region of a sovereign state, whether it be a small area, a federated state or province or some wider area.

See German language and Regional language

Regions of France

France is divided into eighteen administrative regions (régions, singular région), of which thirteen are located in metropolitan France (in Europe), while the other five are overseas regions (not to be confused with the overseas collectivities, which have a semi-autonomous status).

See German language and Regions of France

Reichenbach im Vogtland

Reichenbach im Vogtland is a town in the Vogtlandkreis district of Saxony in eastern Germany.

See German language and Reichenbach im Vogtland

Remscheid

Remscheid is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

See German language and Remscheid

Renaissance humanism

Renaissance humanism was a worldview centered on the nature and importance of humanity that emerged from the study of Classical antiquity.

See German language and Renaissance humanism

Reutlingen

Reutlingen (Swabian: Reitlenga) is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

See German language and Reutlingen

Reutte District

The italic is an administrative district (Bezirk) in Tyrol, Austria.

See German language and Reutte District

Rhine Franconian dialects

Rhenish Franconian or Rhine Franconian (Rheinfränkisch) is a dialect chain of West Central German.

See German language and Rhine Franconian dialects

Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region

The Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region (Metropolregion Rhein-Ruhr) is the largest metropolitan region in Germany, with over ten million inhabitants.

See German language and Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region

Rinderkennzeichnungs- und Rindfleischetikettierungsüberwachungsaufgabenübertragungsgesetz

kennzeichnungs- und (RkReÜAÜG; literally, "Cattle marking and beef labeling supervision duties delegation law") was a law of the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern of 1999, repealed in 2013.

See German language and Rinderkennzeichnungs- und Rindfleischetikettierungsüberwachungsaufgabenübertragungsgesetz

Rio Grande do Sul

Rio Grande do Sul ("Great River of the South") is a state in the southern region of Brazil.

See German language and Rio Grande do Sul

Ripuarian language

Ripuarian (also Ripuarian Franconian; Ripuarisch,, ripuarische Mundart, ripuarischer Dialekt, ripuarisch-fränkische Mundart, Ribuarisch, Ripuarisch, Noordmiddelfrankisch) is a German dialect group, part of the West Central German language group. German language and Ripuarian language are languages of Belgium, languages of Germany and verb-second languages.

See German language and Ripuarian language

Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the state ruled by the Romans following Octavian's assumption of sole rule under the Principate in 27 BC, the post-Republican state of ancient Rome.

See German language and Roman Empire

Romania

Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeast Europe.

See German language and Romania

Rostock

Rostock (Polabian: Roztoc), officially the Hanseatic and University City of Rostock (Hanse- und Universitätsstadt Rostock), is the largest city in the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and lies in the Mecklenburgian part of the state, close to the border with Pomerania.

See German language and Rostock

Rotterdam

Rotterdam (lit. "The Dam on the River Rotte") is the second-largest city in the Netherlands after the national capital of Amsterdam.

See German language and Rotterdam

Rudolf Christoph Eucken

Rudolf Christoph Eucken (5 January 184614 September 1926) was a German philosopher.

See German language and Rudolf Christoph Eucken

Ruhr

The Ruhr (Ruhrgebiet, also Ruhrpott), also referred to as the Ruhr area, sometimes Ruhr district, Ruhr region, or Ruhr valley, is a polycentric urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

See German language and Ruhr

Ruhrdeutsch

Ruhrdeutsch (Ruhr German; also: Ruhrgebietsdeutsch, Ruhrpottdeutsch, Ruhrpottisch, Ruhrpöttisch) is a regiolect of German spoken in the Ruhr area. German language and Ruhrdeutsch are languages of Germany.

See German language and Ruhrdeutsch

Russia

Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia.

See German language and Russia

Saale

The Saale, also known as the Saxon Saale (Sächsische Saale) and Thuringian Saale (Thüringische Saale), is a river in Germany and a left-bank tributary of the Elbe.

See German language and Saale

Saarbrücken

Saarbrücken (Saar Bridges; Rhenish Franconian: Sabrigge; Sarrebruck; Saarbrécken; Saravipons) is the capital and largest city of the state of Saarland, Germany.

See German language and Saarbrücken

Sachsenspiegel

The Sachsenspiegel (Sassen Speyghel; modern Sassenspegel; all literally "Saxon Mirror") is one of the most important law books and custumals compiled during the Holy Roman Empire.

See German language and Sachsenspiegel

Salorno

Salorno sulla Strada del Vino (Salurn) is the southernmost comune (municipality) and a village in South Tyrol in northern Italy, located about southwest of the city of Bolzano.

See German language and Salorno

Salzburg

Salzburg is the fourth-largest city in Austria.

See German language and Salzburg

Salzburg (federal state)

Salzburg (Austro-Bavarian, also known as Salzburgerland; Salisburghese) is an Austrian federal state.

See German language and Salzburg (federal state)

Salzgitter

Salzgitter (Eastphalian: Soltgitter) is an independent city in southeast Lower Saxony, Germany, located between Hildesheim and Braunschweig.

See German language and Salzgitter

Samnaun

Samnaun (Samignun) is a high Alpine village and a valley at the eastern end of Switzerland and a municipality in the Engiadina Bassa/Val Müstair Region in the Swiss canton of Graubünden.

See German language and Samnaun

Sans-serif

In typography and lettering, a sans-serif, sans serif, gothic, or simply sans letterform is one that does not have extending features called "serifs" at the end of strokes.

See German language and Sans-serif

Sanskrit

Sanskrit (attributively संस्कृत-,; nominally संस्कृतम्) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages.

See German language and Sanskrit

Santa Catarina (state)

Santa Catarina is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil.

See German language and Santa Catarina (state)

Santa Maria de Jetibá

Santa Maria de Jetibá is the name of a municipality in central Espírito Santo, Southeastern Brazil.

See German language and Santa Maria de Jetibá

Santa Maria do Herval

Santa Maria do Herval (Hunsrick: Teewald) is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

See German language and Santa Maria do Herval

Saterland

Saterland (Saterland Frisian: Seelterlound) is a municipality in the district of Cloppenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany.

See German language and Saterland

Saterland Frisian language

Saterland Frisian, also known as Sater Frisian, Saterfrisian or Saterlandic (Seeltersk), spoken in the Saterland municipality of Lower Saxony in Germany, is the last living dialect of the East Frisian language.

See German language and Saterland Frisian language

Saxe-Wittenberg

The Duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg was a medieval duchy of the Holy Roman Empire centered at Wittenberg, which emerged after the dissolution of the stem duchy of Saxony.

See German language and Saxe-Wittenberg

Saxony

Saxony, officially the Free State of Saxony, is a landlocked state of Germany, bordering the states of Brandenburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia, Bavaria, as well as the countries of Poland and the Czech Republic.

See German language and Saxony

Sütterlin

Sütterlinschrift ("Sütterlin script") is the last widely used form of Kurrent, the historical form of German handwriting that evolved alongside German blackletter (most notably Fraktur) typefaces.

See German language and Sütterlin

Schwabacher

The German word Schwabacher (pronounced) refers to a specific style of blackletter typefaces which evolved from Gothic Textualis (Textura) under the influence of Humanist type design in Italy during the 15th century.

See German language and Schwabacher

Scots language

ScotsThe endonym for Scots is Scots.

See German language and Scots language

Scriptorium

A scriptorium was a writing room in medieval European monasteries for the copying and illuminating of manuscripts by scribes.

See German language and Scriptorium

Second language

A second language (L2) is a language spoken in addition to one's first language (L1).

See German language and Second language

Sentence (linguistics)

In linguistics and grammar, a sentence is a linguistic expression, such as the English example "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog." In traditional grammar, it is typically defined as a string of words that expresses a complete thought, or as a unit consisting of a subject and predicate.

See German language and Sentence (linguistics)

Sibiu

Sibiu (Hermannstadt, Cibinium, Transylvanian Saxon: Härmeschtat or Hermestatt, Nagyszeben) is a middle-sized, well-preserved fortified medieval town in central Romania, situated in the historical region of Transylvania (Transilvania, Siebenbürgen or Transsilvanien). Located some north-west of Bucharest, the town straddles the Cibin River, a tributary of the Olt River.

See German language and Sibiu

Siegen

Siegen is a city in Germany, in the south Westphalian part of North Rhine-Westphalia.

See German language and Siegen

Signed German

In Germany, Signed German, known in German as Lautsprachbegleitende Gebärden or Lautbegleitende Gebärden (LBG, "Speech-accompanying signs"), is a manually coded form of German that uses the signs of German Sign Language.

See German language and Signed German

Sigurd

Sigurd (Sigurðr) or Siegfried (Middle High German: Sîvrit) is a legendary hero of Germanic heroic legend, who killed a dragon—known in some Old Norse sources as Fáfnir—and who was later murdered.

See German language and Sigurd

Silesia

Silesia (see names below) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within modern Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic and Germany.

See German language and Silesia

Silesian German

Silesian (Silesian: Schläsisch, Schläs’sch, Schlä’sch, Schläsch, Schlesisch), Silesian German or Lower Silesian is a nearly extinct German dialect spoken in Silesia. German language and Silesian German are languages of Germany.

See German language and Silesian German

Slavs

The Slavs or Slavic people are groups of people who speak Slavic languages.

See German language and Slavs

Slovakia

Slovakia (Slovensko), officially the Slovak Republic (Slovenská republika), is a landlocked country in Central Europe.

See German language and Slovakia

Slovenia

Slovenia (Slovenija), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene), is a country in southern Central Europe.

See German language and Slovenia

Solingen

Solingen (Solich) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

See German language and Solingen

Sopron

Sopron (Ödenburg) is a city in Hungary on the Austrian border, near Lake Neusiedl/Lake Fertő.

See German language and Sopron

Sound change

A sound change, in historical linguistics, is a change in the pronunciation of a language.

See German language and Sound change

South Australia

South Australia (commonly abbreviated as SA) is a state in the southern central part of Australia.

See German language and South Australia

South Dakota

South Dakota (Sioux: Dakȟóta itókaga) is a landlocked state in the North Central region of the United States.

See German language and South Dakota

South Franconian German

South Franconian (Südfränkisch) or South Rhine Franconian (Südrheinfränkisch) is an Upper German dialect which is spoken in the northernmost part of Baden-Württemberg in Germany, around Karlsruhe, Mosbach and Heilbronn. Like closely related East Franconian it is a transitional dialect, which unites elements of Central German and Upper German. German language and South Franconian German are languages of Germany.

See German language and South Franconian German

South Jutland County

South Jutland County (Danish: Sønderjyllands Amt) is a former county (Danish: amt) on the south-central portion of the Jutland Peninsula in southern Denmark.

See German language and South Jutland County

South Thuringia

South Thuringia (Südthüringen) refers to all the Franconia regions in the German Free State of Thuringia south of the Rennsteig and the Salzbogen, but including the entire former county of Bad Salzungen.

See German language and South Thuringia

South Tyrol

South Tyrol (Südtirol,; Alto Adige,; Südtirol) is an autonomous province in northern Italy.

See German language and South Tyrol

Spanish language in the United States

Spanish is the second most spoken language in the United States.

See German language and Spanish language in the United States

Spiš

Spiš (Latin: Cips/Zepus/Scepus/Scepusia/Scepusium, Spisz, Szepesség/Szepes, Zips) is a region in north-eastern Slovakia, with a very small area in south-eastern Poland (more specifically encompassing 14 villages).

See German language and Spiš

Standard German

Standard High German (SHG), less precisely Standard German or High German (Standardhochdeutsch, Standarddeutsch, Hochdeutsch or, in Switzerland, Schriftdeutsch), is the umbrella term for the standardized varieties of the German language, which are used in formal contexts and for communication between different dialect areas. German language and standard German are Fusional languages, high German languages, languages of Austria, languages of Belgium, languages of Germany, languages of Liechtenstein, languages of Luxembourg, languages of Switzerland and Stress-timed languages.

See German language and Standard German

Standard German phonology

The phonology of Standard German is the standard pronunciation or accent of the German language.

See German language and Standard German phonology

Standardization

Standardization (American English) or standardisation (British English) is the process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and governments.

See German language and Standardization

Strasbourg

Strasbourg (Straßburg) is the prefecture and largest city of the Grand Est region of eastern France, at the border with Germany in the historic region of Alsace.

See German language and Strasbourg

Stuttgart

Stuttgart (Swabian: italics) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Baden-Württemberg.

See German language and Stuttgart

Styria

Styria (Steiermark; Steiamårk, Štajerska, Stájerország) is an Austrian state in the southeast of the country, famed for its idyllic landscapes, as well as rich folk- and high culture.

See German language and Styria

Subject–object–verb word order

In linguistic typology, a subject–object–verb (SOV) language is one in which the subject, object, and verb of a sentence always or usually appear in that order.

See German language and Subject–object–verb word order

Subjunctive mood

The subjunctive (also known as conjunctive in some languages) is a grammatical mood, a feature of an utterance that indicates the speaker's attitude toward it.

See German language and Subjunctive mood

Swabia

Swabia; Schwaben, colloquially Schwabenland or Ländle; archaic English also Suabia or Svebia is a cultural, historic and linguistic region in southwestern Germany.

See German language and Swabia

Swabia (Bavaria)

Swabia (Schwaben, Swabian: Schwaabe) is one of the seven administrative regions of Bavaria, Germany.

See German language and Swabia (Bavaria)

Swabian German

Swabian (Schwäbisch) is one of the dialect groups of Upper German, sometimes one of the dialect groups of Alemannic German (in the broad sense), that belong to the High German dialect continuum. German language and Swabian German are languages of Germany.

See German language and Swabian German

Sweden

Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe.

See German language and Sweden

Swedish language

Swedish (svenska) is a North Germanic language from the Indo-European language family, spoken predominantly in Sweden and in parts of Finland. German language and Swedish language are Stress-timed languages and verb-second languages.

See German language and Swedish language

Swiss German

Swiss German (Standard German: Schweizerdeutsch, Schwiizerdütsch, Schwyzerdütsch, Schwiizertüütsch, Schwizertitsch Mundart,Because of the many different dialects, and because there is no defined orthography for any of them, many different spellings can be found. and others) is any of the Alemannic dialects spoken in the German-speaking part of Switzerland, and in some Alpine communities in Northern Italy bordering Switzerland. German language and Swiss German are languages of Switzerland.

See German language and Swiss German

Swiss Plateau

The Swiss Plateau or Central Plateau is one of the three major landscapes in Switzerland, lying between the Jura Mountains and the Swiss Alps.

See German language and Swiss Plateau

Swiss Standard German

Swiss Standard German (SSG; Schweizer Standarddeutsch), or Swiss High German (Schweizer Hochdeutsch or Schweizerhochdeutsch), referred to by the Swiss as Schriftdeutsch, or Hochdeutsch, is the written form of one of four official languages in Switzerland, besides French, Italian, and Romansh. German language and Swiss Standard German are languages of Switzerland.

See German language and Swiss Standard German

Switzerland

Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe.

See German language and Switzerland

Synonym

A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means precisely or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language.

See German language and Synonym

Syntax

In linguistics, syntax is the study of how words and morphemes combine to form larger units such as phrases and sentences.

See German language and Syntax

Tauber Franconia

The region of Tauber Franconia (Tauberfranken) is a part of the region of Franconia, most of which lies in the German state of Baden-Württemberg.

See German language and Tauber Franconia

Târgu Mureș

Târgu Mureș (Marosvásárhely; German: Neumarkt am Mieresch) is the seat of Mureș County in the historical region of Transylvania, Romania.

See German language and Târgu Mureș

Telephone directory

A telephone directory, commonly called a telephone book, telephone address book, phonebook, or the white and yellow pages, is a listing of telephone subscribers in a geographical area or subscribers to services provided by the organization that publishes the directory.

See German language and Telephone directory

Texas German language

Texas German (Texasdeutsch) is a group of German language dialects spoken by descendants of mid-19th century German settlers, Texas Germans.

See German language and Texas German language

Text corpus

In linguistics and natural language processing, a corpus (corpora) or text corpus is a dataset, consisting of natively digital and older, digitalized, language resources, either annotated or unannotated.

See German language and Text corpus

The Hague

The Hague is the capital city of the South Holland province of the Netherlands.

See German language and The Hague

Theodor Mommsen

Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen (30 November 1817 – 1 November 1903) was a German classical scholar, historian, jurist, journalist, politician and archaeologist.

See German language and Theodor Mommsen

Theodor Siebs

Theodor Siebs (26 August 1862 – 28 May 1941) was a German linguist most remembered today as the author of Deutsche Bühnenaussprache ('German stage pronunciation'), published in 1898.

See German language and Theodor Siebs

Thirty Years' War

The Thirty Years' War, from 1618 to 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history.

See German language and Thirty Years' War

Thomas Mann

Paul Thomas Mann (6 June 1875 – 12 August 1955) was a German novelist, short story writer, social critic, philanthropist, essayist, and the 1929 Nobel Prize in Literature laureate.

See German language and Thomas Mann

Thou

The word thou is a second-person singular pronoun in English.

See German language and Thou

Thuringia

Thuringia, officially the Free State of Thuringia, is a state of central Germany, covering, the sixth smallest of the sixteen German states.

See German language and Thuringia

Thuringian dialect

Thuringian is an East Central German dialect group spoken in much of the modern German Free State of Thuringia north of the Rennsteig ridge, southwestern Saxony-Anhalt and adjacent territories of Hesse and Bavaria. German language and Thuringian dialect are languages of Germany.

See German language and Thuringian dialect

Thuringian Forest

The Thuringian Forest (Thüringer Wald in German) is a mountain range in the southern parts of the German state of Thuringia, running northwest to southeast.

See German language and Thuringian Forest

Tilburg

Tilburg is a city and municipality in the Netherlands, in the southern province of North Brabant.

See German language and Tilburg

Timișoara

Timișoara (Temeswar, also Temeschwar or Temeschburg; Temesvár; Temišvar; see other names) is the capital city of Timiș County, Banat, and the main economic, social and cultural centre in Western Romania.

See German language and Timișoara

Topic and comment

In linguistics, the topic, or theme, of a sentence is what is being talked about, and the comment (rheme or focus) is what is being said about the topic.

See German language and Topic and comment

Transylvania

Transylvania (Transilvania or Ardeal; Erdély; Siebenbürgen or Transsilvanien, historically Überwald, also Siweberjen in the Transylvanian Saxon dialect) is a historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania.

See German language and Transylvania

Transylvanian Saxon dialect

Transylvanian Saxon is the native German dialect of the Transylvanian Saxons, an ethnic German minority group from Transylvania in central Romania, and is also one of the three oldest ethnic German and German-speaking groups of the German diaspora in Central and Eastern Europe, along with the Baltic Germans and Zipser Germans.

See German language and Transylvanian Saxon dialect

Trier

Trier (Tréier), formerly and traditionally known in English as Trèves and Triers (see also names in other languages), is a city on the banks of the Moselle in Germany.

See German language and Trier

Tristan

Tristan (Latin/Brythonic: Drustanus; Trystan), also known as Tristram, Tristyn or Tristain and similar names, is the hero of the legend of Tristan and Iseult.

See German language and Tristan

Turkey

Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly in Anatolia in West Asia, with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe.

See German language and Turkey

Typeface

A typeface (or font family) is a design of letters, numbers and other symbols, to be used in printing or for electronic display.

See German language and Typeface

Tyrol (federal state)

Tyrol (Tirol; Tirolo) is an Austrian federal state.

See German language and Tyrol (federal state)

Uerdingen

Uerdingen is a district of the city of Krefeld, Germany, with a population of 17,888 (2019).

See German language and Uerdingen

Uerdingen line

The Uerdingen Line (Ürdinger Linie, Uerdinger Linie, Uerdinger linie; named after Uerdingen by Georg Wenker) is the isogloss within West Germanic languages that separates dialects which preserve the -k sound in the first person singular pronoun word "ik" (north of the line) from dialects in which the word-final -k has changed to word final -ch in the word "ich" (IPA) (south of the line).

See German language and Uerdingen line

Ulm

Ulm is the sixth-largest city of the southwestern German state of Baden-Württemberg, and with around 129,000 inhabitants, it is Germany's 60th-largest city.

See German language and Ulm

United States Census Bureau

The United States Census Bureau (USCB), officially the Bureau of the Census, is a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System, responsible for producing data about the American people and economy.

See German language and United States Census Bureau

Unserdeutsch

Unserdeutsch ('Our German'), or Rabaul Creole German, is a German-based creole language that originated in Papua New Guinea as a lingua franca.

See German language and Unserdeutsch

Upper Austria

Upper Austria (Oberösterreich; Obaöstareich, Horní Rakousy) is one of the nine states or Länder of Austria.

See German language and Upper Austria

Upper Bavaria

Upper Bavaria (Oberbayern) is one of the seven administrative regions of Bavaria, Germany.

See German language and Upper Bavaria

Upper Franconia

Upper Franconia (Oberfranken) is a Regierungsbezirk (administrative region) of the state of Bavaria, southern Germany.

See German language and Upper Franconia

Upper German

Upper German (Oberdeutsch) is a family of High German dialects spoken primarily in the southern German-speaking area (Sprachraum).

See German language and Upper German

Upper Palatinate

The Upper Palatinate (Oberpfalz) is an administrative district in the east of Bavaria, Germany.

See German language and Upper Palatinate

Upper Saxon German

Upper Saxon (Obersächsisch) is an East Central German dialect spoken in much of the modern German state of Saxony and in adjacent parts of southeastern Saxony-Anhalt and eastern Thuringia. German language and Upper Saxon German are languages of Germany.

See German language and Upper Saxon German

Upper Silesia

Upper Silesia (Górny Śląsk; Gůrny Ślůnsk, Gōrny Ślōnsk; Horní Slezsko;; Silesian German: Oberschläsing; Silesia Superior) is the southeastern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia, located today mostly in Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic.

See German language and Upper Silesia

Utrecht

Utrecht (Utrecht dialect) is the fourth-largest city of the Netherlands, as well as the capital and the most populous city of the province of Utrecht.

See German language and Utrecht

V2 word order

In syntax, verb-second (V2) word order is a sentence structure in which the finite verb of a sentence or a clause is placed in the clause's second position, so that the verb is preceded by a single word or group of words (a single constituent).

See German language and V2 word order

Vaduz

Vaduz (or, High Alemannic pronunciation)Hans Stricker, Toni Banzer, Herbert Hilbe: Liechtensteiner Namenbuch.

See German language and Vaduz

Valais

Valais, more formally, the Canton of Valais, is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation. It is composed of thirteen districts and its capital and largest city is Sion. Valais is situated in the southwestern part of the country. It borders the cantons of Vaud and Bern to the north, the cantons of Uri and Ticino to the east, as well as Italy to the south and France to the west.

See German language and Valais

Valdivia

Valdivia (Mapuche: Ainil) is a city and commune in southern Chile, administered by the Municipality of Valdivia.

See German language and Valdivia

Variety (linguistics)

In sociolinguistics, a variety, also known as a lect or an isolect, is a specific form of a language or language cluster.

See German language and Variety (linguistics)

Venezuela

Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea.

See German language and Venezuela

Vienna

Vienna (Wien; Austro-Bavarian) is the capital, most populous city, and one of nine federal states of Austria.

See German language and Vienna

Vila Pavão

Vila Pavão is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo.

See German language and Vila Pavão

Vocabulary

A vocabulary (also known as a lexicon) is a set of words, typically the set in a language or the set known to an individual.

See German language and Vocabulary

Vogtland

Vogtland (Fojtsko) is a region spanning the German states of Bavaria, Saxony and Thuringia and north-western Bohemia in the Czech Republic.

See German language and Vogtland

Vogtlandian

Vogtlandian (Vogtländisch; Vogtländisch: Vuuchtländisch, Klingenthal pronunciation) is an East Franconian dialect, spoken in Vogtland. German language and Vogtlandian are languages of Germany.

See German language and Vogtlandian

Vogtlandkreis

The Vogtlandkreis is a Landkreis (rural district) in the southwest of Saxony, Germany, at the borders of Thuringia, Bavaria, and the Czech Republic.

See German language and Vogtlandkreis

Voice (grammar)

In grammar, the voice (aka diathesis) of a verb describes the relationship between the action (or state) that the verb expresses and the participants identified by its arguments (subject, object, etc.). When the subject is the agent or doer of the action, the verb is in the active voice.

See German language and Voice (grammar)

Voice (phonetics)

Voice or voicing is a term used in phonetics and phonology to characterize speech sounds (usually consonants).

See German language and Voice (phonetics)

Vorarlberg

Vorarlberg (Vorarlbearg, Voralbärg, or Voraadelbearg) is the westernmost state (Land) of Austria.

See German language and Vorarlberg

Vowel breaking

In historical linguistics, vowel breaking, vowel fracture, or diphthongization is the sound change of a monophthong into a diphthong or triphthong.

See German language and Vowel breaking

Vowel length

In linguistics, vowel length is the perceived length of a vowel sound: the corresponding physical measurement is duration.

See German language and Vowel length

Walser German

Walser German (Walserdeutsch) and Walliser German (Walliserdeutsch, locally Wallisertiitsch) are a group of Highest Alemannic dialects spoken in parts of Switzerland (Valais, Ticino, Grisons), Italy (Piedmont, Aosta Valley), Liechtenstein (Triesenberg, Planken), and Austria (Vorarlberg). German language and Walser German are languages of Austria and languages of Liechtenstein.

See German language and Walser German

Walther von der Vogelweide

Walther von der Vogelweide was a Minnesänger who composed and performed love-songs and political songs (Sprüche) in Middle High German.

See German language and Walther von der Vogelweide

Wartburg, KwaZulu-Natal

Wartburg is a small town located north-east of Pietermaritzburg and south of Greytown in the uMshwathi Local Municipality of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

See German language and Wartburg, KwaZulu-Natal

Württemberg

Württemberg is a historical German territory roughly corresponding to the cultural and linguistic region of Swabia.

See German language and Württemberg

Würzburg

Würzburg (Main-Franconian: Wörtzburch) is, after Nuremberg and Fürth, the third-largest city in Franconia located in the north of Bavaria.

See German language and Würzburg

West Frisian language

West Frisian, or simply Frisian (Frysk or Westerlauwersk Frysk; Fries, also Westerlauwers Fries), is a West Germanic language spoken mostly in the province of Friesland (Fryslân) in the north of the Netherlands, mostly by those of Frisian ancestry.

See German language and West Frisian language

West Germanic languages

The West Germanic languages constitute the largest of the three branches of the Germanic family of languages (the others being the North Germanic and the extinct East Germanic languages).

See German language and West Germanic languages

Western Europe

Western Europe is the western region of Europe.

See German language and Western Europe

Westphalian language

Westphalian or Westfalish (Standard High German: Westfälisch, Standard Dutch: Westfaals) is one of the major dialect groups of Low German. German language and Westphalian language are languages of Germany.

See German language and Westphalian language

Wiesbaden

Wiesbaden is the capital of the German state of Hesse, and the second-largest Hessian city after Frankfurt am Main.

See German language and Wiesbaden

Wilhelm Grimm

Wilhelm Carl Grimm (also Karl; 24 February 178616 December 1859) was a German author and anthropologist.

See German language and Wilhelm Grimm

Wilhelm Scherer

Wilhelm Scherer (26 April 18416 August 1886) was a German philologist and historian of literature.

See German language and Wilhelm Scherer

Willemstad

Willemstad is the capital and largest city of Curaçao, an island in the southern Caribbean Sea that forms a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

See German language and Willemstad

Winterthur

Winterthur (lang) is a city in the canton of Zürich in northern Switzerland.

See German language and Winterthur

Wissembourg

Wissembourg (South Franconian: Weisseburch; German: Weißenburg) is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in northeastern France.

See German language and Wissembourg

Wolfram von Eschenbach

Wolfram von Eschenbach (–) was a German knight, poet and composer, regarded as one of the greatest epic poets of medieval German literature.

See German language and Wolfram von Eschenbach

Wolfsburg

Wolfsburg (Eastphalian: Wulfsborg) is the fifth largest city in the German state of Lower Saxony, located on the river Aller.

See German language and Wolfsburg

World language

In linguistics, a world language (sometimes global language, rarely international language) is a language that is geographically widespread and makes it possible for members of different language communities to communicate.

See German language and World language

World war

A world war is an international conflict that involves most or all of the world's major powers.

See German language and World war

World War I

World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.

See German language and World War I

World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

See German language and World War II

Wuppertal

Wuppertal ("Wupper Dale") is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, with a population of 355,000.

See German language and Wuppertal

Yenish language

Yenish (French:, German) is a variety of German spoken by the Yenish people, former nomads living mostly in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Alsace and other parts of France. German language and Yenish language are languages of Austria, languages of Germany and languages of Switzerland.

See German language and Yenish language

Yes–no question

In linguistics, a yes–no question, also known as a binary question, a polar question, or a general question, is a question whose expected answer is one of two choices, one that provides an affirmative answer to the question versus one that provides a negative answer to the question.

See German language and Yes–no question

Yiddish

Yiddish (ייִדיש, יידיש or אידיש, yidish or idish,,; ייִדיש-טײַטש, historically also Yidish-Taytsh) is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews. German language and Yiddish are high German languages, languages of Germany and verb-second languages.

See German language and Yiddish

Zagreb

Zagreb is the capital and largest city of Croatia.

See German language and Zagreb

Zermatt

Zermatt is a municipality in the district of Visp in the German-speaking section of the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

See German language and Zermatt

Zoetermeer

Zoetermeer is a city in the Western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland.

See German language and Zoetermeer

Zurich

Zurich (Zürich) is the largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zurich.

See German language and Zurich

Zwolle

Zwolle is a city and municipality in the Northeastern Netherlands.

See German language and Zwolle

See also

Fusional languages

High German languages

Languages of Austria

Languages of Belgium

Languages of Liechtenstein

Languages of Luxembourg

Languages of Namibia

Languages of Switzerland

Languages of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol

Stress-timed languages

Verb-second languages

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_language

Also known as Deutsch language, Deutsche Sprache, Deutsche language, Deutschkenntnisse, German (Deutsch), German (language), German as a foreign language, German language in South Africa, German linguistic geography, German speech, German-language, German-speakers, German-speaking, German-speaking people, German-speaking peoples, Germanophone, Germanophones, ISO 639-1:de.

, Banat Swabian dialect, Barossa German, Barossa Valley, Basel, Bavaria, Bavarian language, Bühnendeutsch, Belgium, Benrath line, Bergisch Gladbach, Berlin, Berlin German, Bern, Bertolt Brecht, Bible, Bielefeld, Bilingual communes in Poland, Bismarck, North Dakota, Black Death, Blackletter, Bloemfontein, Bochum, Bolivia, Bolzano, Bonn, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bottrop, Brașov, Bratislava, Braunschweig, Brazil, Brazilian German, Breda, Bremen, Bremerhaven, Brothers Grimm, Bruges, Brussels, Buda, Budapest, Bukovina, Burgenland, Cameroon, Canguçu, Canton of Bern, Canton of Fribourg, Cantonese, Cantons of Switzerland, Cape Town, Carinthia, Carl Schurz, Carl Spitteler, Carpathian Germans, Castro, Chile, Central Europe, Central Franconian languages, Central German, Chancery (medieval office), Chemnitz, Chile, Chinese language in the United States, Christianization, Cimbrian language, Clause, Cluj-Napoca, Cologne, Colognian, Colonia Tovar dialect, Compound (linguistics), Continuous and progressive aspects, Council for German Orthography, Croatia, Czech Republic, Danish language, Darmstadt, Dative case, Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf-Benrath, DDR German, Delft, Denglisch, Denmark, Dental fricative, Deutsch, Deutsche Welle, Deutsches Wörterbuch, Dialect, Diglossia, Diminutive, Diphthong, Domingos Martins, Dordrecht, Dortmund, Dragon, Dresden, Duisburg, Dutch language, E. T. A. Hoffmann, Early Middle Ages, Early modern period, Early New High German, East Franconian German, East Germanic languages, East Pomeranian dialect, East Prussia, Eastern Europe, Edward Arnold (publisher), Eindhoven, Elbe, Elder Futhark, Electorate of Saxony, Elfriede Jelinek, Elias Canetti, English compound, English language, Enschede, Epic poetry, Erfurt, Erlangen, Erzgebirgisch, Espírito Santo, Essen, Europe, European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, European Collectivity of Alsace, European Commission, European Union, Faroese language, Fürth, Figure of speech, Finite verb, First language, Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950), Foreign language, Fraktur, France, Francization of Brussels, Franconia, Franconian (linguistics), Frankfurt, Franz Duncker, Franz Kafka, Freiburg im Breisgau, French language, French language in the United States, Fricative, Friedrich Schiller, Friesland, Frisian languages, Frutillar, Fusional language, Future, Future perfect, Future tense, Görlitz, Göttingen, Günter Grass, Gütersloh, Gelsenkirchen, Gemination, Genitive case, Geographical distribution of German speakers, Georgslied, Gerhart Hauptmann, German alphabet, German Americans, German Braille, German colonization of Valdivia, Osorno and Llanquihue, German dialects, German diaspora, German Empire, German exonyms, German language in Namibia, German minority in Denmark, German minority in Poland, German Namibians, German New Guinea, German nouns, German Orthographic Conference of 1901, German orthography, German orthography reform of 1996, German South West Africa, German Standard German, German toponymy, German verbs, German-speaking Community of Belgium, German-speaking Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia, German-speaking Switzerland, Germanic languages, Germanic strong verb, Germanic umlaut, Germanic weak verb, Germanisation, Germanism (linguistics), Germans in the Czech Republic, Germans of Hungary, Germans of Romania, Germany, Ghent, Gloss (annotation), Glossary, Goethe-Institut, Gothic language, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Gqeberha, Grammar, Grammatical aspect, Grammatical case, Grammatical conjugation, Grammatical gender, Grammatical mood, Grammatical number, Grammatical person, Grammatical tense, Grand Est, Graz, Greek language, Grisons, Groningen, Haarlem, Habsburg monarchy, Hagen, Halle (Saale), Hamburg, Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia, Hanau, Hanover, Hanseatic League, Hartmann von Aue, Hauerland, Hebrew alphabet, Heidelberg, Heilbronn, Heilbronn-Franconia, Heinrich Böll, Heinrich Heine, Heinrich von Kleist, Hermann Hesse, Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Herta Müller, Hessian dialects, High Alemannic German, High Franconian German, High German consonant shift, High German languages, High Prussian dialect, Highest Alemannic German, Hildebrandslied, Hildesheim, History of German, History of Germans in Russia, Ukraine, and the Soviet Union, Hohenstaufen, Holy Roman Emperor, Holy Roman Empire, Hungary, Hunsrik, Hutterite German, Icelandic language, Imperative mood, Indo-European languages, Infinitive, Inflection, Ingolstadt, Innsbruck, Irminones, ISO 639-3, Istvaeones, Italian language, Italy, Iwein, Jacob Grimm, Jena, Joachim Heinrich Campe, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Kaiserslautern, Kamerun, Karlsruhe, Kassel, Kerkrade dialect, Kiel, King Arthur, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Kleverlandish, Klingenthal, Košice Region, Koblenz, Krahule, Krefeld, Kurrent, Language, Languages used on the Internet, Laranja da Terra, Last Judgment, Latin, Latin script, Lübeck, Leiden, Leipzig, Letter case, Letterhead, Leuven, Leverkusen, Lexicon, Liechtenstein, Limburgish, Lingua franca, Linguistics, Linz, List of countries and territories where German is an official language, List of German expressions in English, List of German words of French origin, List of German-language newspapers published in the United States, List of German-language radio stations, List of German-language television channels, List of magazines in Germany, List of newspapers in Germany, List of pseudo-German words in English, List of radio stations in Germany, List of states in the Holy Roman Empire, List of television stations in Germany, List of terms used for Germans, Literary language, Ljubljana, Loanword, Long s, Lorraine Franconian, Low Alemannic German, Low Franconian, Low German, Lower Austria, Lower Bavaria, Lower Franconia, Lower Rhine, Lower Saxony, Ludwigshafen, Ludwigslied, Luther Bible, Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourgish, Lyric poetry, Maastricht, Magdeburg, Mainz, Mandarin Chinese, Mannheim, Mark Twain, Markneukirchen, Martin Luther, Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, Mòcheno language, Mönchengladbach, Mülheim, Münster, MediathekView, Merseburg charms, Metre (poetry), Microsoft Windows, Mid central vowel, Middle Ages, Middle Dutch, Middle Franconia, Middle High German, Middle Low German, Midwestern United States, Migration Period, Missingsch, Modal verb, Modality (semiotics), Modern English, Moers, Monastery, Moselle (department), Moselle Franconian language, Mulhouse, Munich, Muspilli, Mutual intelligibility, Names of Germany, Namibia, Namibia Media Holdings, Namibian Black German, Namibian Broadcasting Corporation, National language, Nazi Party, Nazism, Nelly Sachs, Netherlands, Neuss, New Testament, New Ulm, Minnesota, New Zealand, Nibelungenlied, Nijmegen, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nominative case, Nordfriesland (district), North Bohemia, North Dakota, North Frisian language, North Germanic languages, North Rhine-Westphalia, North Sea Germanic, Northern Europe, Northern Germany, Notker Labeo, Nueva Braunau, Nuremberg, Oberhausen, Oelsnitz, Vogtland, Offenbach am Main, Official language, Old English, Old High German, Old Norse, Old Saxon, Old Testament, Oldenburg (city), One Standard German Axiom, Operating system, Oradea, Ore Mountains, Orthography, Osnabrück, Osorno, Chile, Ostsiedlung, Outline of German language, Paderborn, Paganism, Palatine German dialects, Pan South African Language Board, Pancas, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Paramaribo, Parenthetical referencing, Parzival, Passive voice, Paul Heyse, Paywall, Penmanship, Pennsylvania Dutch language, Perfect (grammar), Peter Handke, Pforzen buckle, Pforzheim, Philipp von Zesen, Phonology, Pidgin, Plauen, Plautdietsch, Plosive, Pluperfect, Pluricentric language, Poland, Pomerode, Potsdam, Prague, Present tense, Preterite, Pretoria, Principality, Printing press, Pronunciation, Proper noun, Proto-Germanic language, Puerto Montt, Puerto Varas, Quotation mark, Realis mood, Recklinghausen, Regensburg, Region of Southern Denmark, Regional language, Regions of France, Reichenbach im Vogtland, Remscheid, Renaissance humanism, Reutlingen, Reutte District, Rhine Franconian dialects, Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region, Rinderkennzeichnungs- und Rindfleischetikettierungsüberwachungsaufgabenübertragungsgesetz, Rio Grande do Sul, Ripuarian language, Roman Empire, Romania, Rostock, Rotterdam, Rudolf Christoph Eucken, Ruhr, Ruhrdeutsch, Russia, Saale, Saarbrücken, Sachsenspiegel, Salorno, Salzburg, Salzburg (federal state), Salzgitter, Samnaun, Sans-serif, Sanskrit, Santa Catarina (state), Santa Maria de Jetibá, Santa Maria do Herval, Saterland, Saterland Frisian language, Saxe-Wittenberg, Saxony, Sütterlin, Schwabacher, Scots language, Scriptorium, Second language, Sentence (linguistics), Sibiu, Siegen, Signed German, Sigurd, Silesia, Silesian German, Slavs, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solingen, Sopron, Sound change, South Australia, South Dakota, South Franconian German, South Jutland County, South Thuringia, South Tyrol, Spanish language in the United States, Spiš, Standard German, Standard German phonology, Standardization, Strasbourg, Stuttgart, Styria, Subject–object–verb word order, Subjunctive mood, Swabia, Swabia (Bavaria), Swabian German, Sweden, Swedish language, Swiss German, Swiss Plateau, Swiss Standard German, Switzerland, Synonym, Syntax, Tauber Franconia, Târgu Mureș, Telephone directory, Texas German language, Text corpus, The Hague, Theodor Mommsen, Theodor Siebs, Thirty Years' War, Thomas Mann, Thou, Thuringia, Thuringian dialect, Thuringian Forest, Tilburg, Timișoara, Topic and comment, Transylvania, Transylvanian Saxon dialect, Trier, Tristan, Turkey, Typeface, Tyrol (federal state), Uerdingen, Uerdingen line, Ulm, United States Census Bureau, Unserdeutsch, Upper Austria, Upper Bavaria, Upper Franconia, Upper German, Upper Palatinate, Upper Saxon German, Upper Silesia, Utrecht, V2 word order, Vaduz, Valais, Valdivia, Variety (linguistics), Venezuela, Vienna, Vila Pavão, Vocabulary, Vogtland, Vogtlandian, Vogtlandkreis, Voice (grammar), Voice (phonetics), Vorarlberg, Vowel breaking, Vowel length, Walser German, Walther von der Vogelweide, Wartburg, KwaZulu-Natal, Württemberg, Würzburg, West Frisian language, West Germanic languages, Western Europe, Westphalian language, Wiesbaden, Wilhelm Grimm, Wilhelm Scherer, Willemstad, Winterthur, Wissembourg, Wolfram von Eschenbach, Wolfsburg, World language, World war, World War I, World War II, Wuppertal, Yenish language, Yes–no question, Yiddish, Zagreb, Zermatt, Zoetermeer, Zurich, Zwolle.