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314 relations: Adelphate, Adriatic Sea, Aegean Sea, Akçe, Albania, Albanian National Awakening, Albanian nobility, Albanian revolt of 1432–36, Albanian–Venetian War, Albanians, Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma, Alexander the Great, Alfonso V of Aragon, Amulet, Andrea Venier, Angelina of Serbia, Antonio Salvi, Antonio Vivaldi, Apulia, Arbëreshë people, Archbishop of Ohrid, Ardenica Monastery, Arianiti family, Armed Forces Academy (Albania), Arquebus, Athleta Christi, Đorđe, Đurađ, Đurađ Branković, Balšić noble family, Ballaban Badera, Bar, Montenegro, Barletta, Baroque, Battle of Albulena, Battle of Ankara, Battle of Kunovica, Battle of Nish (1443), Battle of Oranik (1448), Battle of Oranik (1456), Battle of Otonetë, Battle of the Plains of Abraham, Battle of Torvioll, Battle of Vaikal, Battle of Vaslui, Battle of Vienna, Bayezid II, Belisarius, Bernd Jürgen Fischer, Branković dynasty, ..., Brescia, Brussels, Bulgaria, Byzantine Empire, Byzantine Greeks, Captain general, Castra, Catholic Church, Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange, Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, Clement Clarke Moore, Condottieri, Crimean War, Crusades, Dagnum, Debar, Demetrios Palaiologos, Despotate of the Morea, Devshirme, Dhimitër Jonima, Dibër District, Donika Kastrioti, Double-headed eagle, Drin River, Drin Valley, Ducat, Duchy of Burgundy, Dukagjini family, Durrës, Dushmani family, Edirne, Edward Gibbon, Elbasan, Enderun School, Epic poetry, Fall of Constantinople, Fan S. 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Adelphate
Adelphate (адрфат, братствени удео, from the Greek adelphos.
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Adriatic Sea
The Adriatic Sea is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula.
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Aegean Sea
The Aegean Sea (Αιγαίο Πέλαγος; Ege Denizi) is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea located between the Greek and Anatolian peninsulas, i.e., between the mainlands of Greece and Turkey.
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Akçe
The akçe (آقچه) was the chief monetary unit of the Ottoman Empire, a silver coin.
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Albania
Albania (Shqipëri/Shqipëria; Shqipni/Shqipnia or Shqypni/Shqypnia), officially the Republic of Albania (Republika e Shqipërisë), is a country in Southeastern Europe.
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Albanian National Awakening
The Albanian National Awakening (Rilindja Kombëtare) (also known as the National Renaissance or National Revival), refers to the period in the history of Albania from the 19th century until the declaration of independence in 1912.
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Albanian nobility
The Albanian nobility was an elite hereditary ruling class in Albania, parts of the western Balkans and later in parts of the Ottoman world.
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Albanian revolt of 1432–36
The Albanian revolt of 1432–36 was a series of conflicts between Albanian rebels and the Ottoman Empire during the early period of Ottoman rule in the region.
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Albanian–Venetian War
The Albanian–Venetian War of 1447–48 was waged between Venetian and Ottoman forces against the Albanians under George Kastrioti Skanderbeg.
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Albanians
The Albanians (Shqiptarët) are a European ethnic group that is predominantly native to Albania, Kosovo, western Macedonia, southern Serbia, southeastern Montenegro and northwestern Greece, who share a common ancestry, culture and language.
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Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma
Alexander Farnese (Alessandro Farnese, Alejandro Farnesio) (27 August 1545 – 3 December 1592) was an Italian noble who was Duke of Parma, Piacenza and Castro from 1586 to 1592, as well as Governor of the Spanish Netherlands from 1578 to 1592.
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Alexander the Great
Alexander III of Macedon (20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great (Aléxandros ho Mégas), was a king (basileus) of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and a member of the Argead dynasty.
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Alfonso V of Aragon
Alfonso the Magnanimous KG (also Alphonso; Alfons; 1396 – 27 June 1458) was the King of Aragon (as Alfonso V), Valencia (as Alfonso III), Majorca, Sardinia and Corsica (as Alfonso II), Sicily (as Alfonso I) and Count of Barcelona (as Alfonso IV) from 1416, and King of Naples (as Alfonso I) from 1442 until his death.
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Amulet
An amulet is an object that is typically worn on one's person, that some people believe has the magical or miraculous power to protect its holder, either to protect them in general or to protect them from some specific thing; it is often also used as an ornament though that may not be the intended purpose of it.
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Andrea Venier
Andrea Venier (fl. 15th century) was a 15th-century notable member of the Venier family.
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Angelina of Serbia
Angelina Branković (Ангелина Бранковић; Angjelina Arianiti ca. 1440–1520), née Arianiti, was the despotess consort of Serbian Despot Stefan Branković (r. 1458—1459), and a daughter of Albanian nobleman Gjergj Arianiti.
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Antonio Salvi
Antonio Salvi (17 January 1664 – 21 May 1724) was an Italian physician, court poet and librettist.
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Antonio Vivaldi
Antonio Lucio Vivaldi (4 March 1678 – 28 July 1741) was an Italian Baroque musical composer, virtuoso violinist, teacher and cleric.
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Apulia
Apulia (Puglia; Pùglia; Pulia; translit) is a region of Italy in Southern Italy bordering the Adriatic Sea to the east, the Ionian Sea to the southeast, and the Strait of Òtranto and Gulf of Taranto to the south.
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Arbëreshë people
The Arbëreshë (Arbëreshët e Italisë or Shqiptrarët e Italisë), also known as Albanians of Italy or Italo-Albanians, are an Albanian ethnic and linguistic group in Southern Italy, mostly concentrated in scattered villages in the region of Apulia, Basilicata, Calabria, Molise and Sicily.
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Archbishop of Ohrid
The Archbishop of Ohrid is a historic title given to the primate of the Archbishopric of Ohrid.
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Ardenica Monastery
The Monastery of the Nativity of the Theotokos in Ardenica or simply Ardenica Monastery (Manastiri Lindja e Hyjlindëses Mari) is an Eastern Orthodox monastery, distant 18 kilometers north of Lushnje, Albania, along the national road that links Lushnjë to Fier.
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Arianiti family
The Arianiti were an Albanian noble family that ruled large areas in Albania and neighbouring areas from the 11th to the 16th century.
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Armed Forces Academy (Albania)
The Armed Forces Academy (AFA) (previously known as "Skanderbeg Military Academy" and "Defense Academy Spiro Moisiu") is a military education institution which trains military officers (for the army, navy and air force) in Albania.
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Arquebus
The arquebus, derived from the German Hakenbüchse, was a form of long gun that appeared in Europe during the 15th century.
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Athleta Christi
"Athleta Christi" ("Champion of Christ") was a class of Early Christian soldier martyrs, of whom the most familiar example is one such "military saint," Saint Sebastian.
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Đorđe
Đorđe (Cyrillic script: Ђорђе) is a Serbian given name, a Serbian variant, derived from Greek Γεώργιος (Geōrgios); "George" in English.
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Đurađ
Đurađ (Ђурађ) is a Serbian masculine given name, derived from the Greek Georgios.
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Đurađ Branković
Đurađ Branković (Ђурађ Бранковић; Brankovics György; 1377 – 24 December 1456) was the Serbian Despot from 1427 to 1456 and a baron of the Kingdom of Hungary.
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Balšić noble family
The Balšić (Балшић, Balšići / Балшићи; also Bašići; Latin: Balsich; Albanian: Balsha) was a noble family that ruled "Zeta and the coastlands" (southern Montenegro and northern Albania), from 1362 to 1421, during and after the fall of the Serbian Empire.
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Ballaban Badera
Ballaban Badera (also known as Ballaban Pasha or Ballaban Badheri) was an Ottoman military officer from Albania.
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Bar, Montenegro
Bar (Montenegrin Cyrillic: Бар) is a coastal town and seaport in southern Montenegro.
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Barletta
Barletta is a city, comune and capoluogo together with Andria and Trani of Apulia, in south eastern Italy.
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Baroque
The Baroque is a highly ornate and often extravagant style of architecture, art and music that flourished in Europe from the early 17th until the late 18th century.
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Battle of Albulena
The Battle of Albulena, also known as the Battle of Ujëbardha, was fought on 2 September 1457 between Albanian forces led by Skanderbeg and an Ottoman army under Isak bey Evrenoz and Skanderbeg's nephew, Hamza Kastrioti.
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Battle of Ankara
The Battle of Ankara (or Angora) was fought on 20 July 1402 at the Çubuk plain near Ankara between the forces of the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I and Timur (Tamerlane), ruler of the Timurid Empire.
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Battle of Kunovica
The Battle of Kunovica or Battle at Kunovitsa was the battle between crusaders led by John Hunyadi and armies of the Ottoman Empire which took place on 2 or 5 January 1444 near mountain Kunovica (Suva Planina) between Pirot and Niš.
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Battle of Nish (1443)
At the Battle of Niš (Battle of Nish) (early November, 1443), crusaders led by John Hunyadi, captured the Ottoman stronghold of Nish (now Niš, Serbia) and defeated three armies of the Ottoman Empire.
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Battle of Oranik (1448)
The First Battle of Oranik took place during the Albanian-Venetian War of 1447-1448, when the Republic of Venice allied with the Ottoman Empire against the League of Lezhë.
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Battle of Oranik (1456)
The Second Battle of Oranik took place during the spring of 1456 in the plains of Oranik (Debar in modern-day Macedonia).
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Battle of Otonetë
The Battle of Otonetë occurred on September 27, 1446, in upper Dibra in Albania.
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Battle of the Plains of Abraham
The Battle of the Plains of Abraham, also known as the Battle of Quebec (Bataille des Plaines d'Abraham, or Première bataille de Québec in French), was a pivotal battle in the Seven Years' War (referred to as the French and Indian War in the United States).
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Battle of Torvioll
The Battle of Torvioll, also known as the Battle of Lower Dibra, was fought on 29 June 1444 on the Plain of Torvioll, in what is modern-day Albania.
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Battle of Vaikal
The Battle of Vaikal occurred in April 1465 in the valley of Vaikal, southeastern Albania.
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Battle of Vaslui
The Battle of Vaslui (also referred to as the Battle of Podul Înalt or the Battle of Racova) was fought on 10 January 1475, between Stephen III of Moldavia and the Ottoman governor of Rumelia, Hadım Suleiman Pasha.
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Battle of Vienna
The Battle of Vienna (Schlacht am Kahlen Berge or Kahlenberg; bitwa pod Wiedniem or odsiecz wiedeńska (The Relief of Vienna); Modern Turkish: İkinci Viyana Kuşatması, Ottoman Turkish: Beç Ḳalʿası Muḥāṣarası) took place at Kahlenberg Mountain near Vienna on 1683 after the imperial city had been besieged by the Ottoman Empire for two months.
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Bayezid II
Bayezid II (3 December 1447 – 26 May 1512) (Ottoman Turkish: بايزيد ثانى Bāyezīd-i s̱ānī, Turkish: II. Bayezid or II. Beyazıt) was the eldest son and successor of Mehmed II, ruling as Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1481 to 1512.
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Belisarius
Flavius Belisarius (Φλάβιος Βελισάριος, c. 505 – 565) was a general of the Byzantine Empire.
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Bernd Jürgen Fischer
Bernd Jürgen Fischer (born 27 January 1952) is historian and professor of history at Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne.
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Branković dynasty
The Branković (Бранковић, Brankovići / Бранковићи) was a Serbian medieval noble family and dynasty.
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Brescia
Brescia (Lombard: Brèsa,, or; Brixia; Bressa) is a city and comune in the region of Lombardy in northern Italy.
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Brussels
Brussels (Bruxelles,; Brussel), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest), is a region of Belgium comprising 19 municipalities, including the City of Brussels, which is the de jure capital of Belgium.
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Bulgaria
Bulgaria (България, tr.), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (Република България, tr.), is a country in southeastern Europe.
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Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire and Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, which had been founded as Byzantium).
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Byzantine Greeks
The Byzantine Greeks (or Byzantines) were the Greek or Hellenized people of the Byzantine Empire (or Eastern Roman Empire) during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages who spoke medieval Greek and were Orthodox Christians.
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Captain general
Captain general (and its literal equivalent in several languages) is a high military rank of general officer grade, and a gubernatorial title.
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Castra
In the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, the Latin word castrum (plural castra) was a building, or plot of land, used as a fortified military camp.
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Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.
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Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange
Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange or Du Cange (December 18, 1610 in Amiens – October 23, 1688 in Paris) was a distinguished philologist and historian of the Middle Ages and Byzantium.
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Childe Harold's Pilgrimage
Childe Harold's Pilgrimage is a lengthy narrative poem in four parts written by Lord Byron.
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Clement Clarke Moore
Clement Clarke Moore (July 15, 1779 – July 10, 1863) was a writer and American Professor of Oriental and Greek Literature, as well as Divinity and Biblical Learning, at the General Theological Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Church, in New York City.
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Condottieri
Condottieri (singular condottiero and condottiere) were the leaders of the professional military free companies (or mercenaries) contracted by the Italian city-states and the Papacy from the late Middle Ages and throughout the Renaissance.
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Crimean War
The Crimean War (or translation) was a military conflict fought from October 1853 to February 1856 in which the Russian Empire lost to an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, Britain and Sardinia.
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Crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious wars sanctioned by the Latin Church in the medieval period.
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Dagnum
Dagnum (Danjë or Dejë, Danj, Dagno) was a town, bishopric and important medieval fortress located on the territory of present-day Albania, which has been under Serbian, Venetian and Ottoman control and remains a Latin Catholic titular see.
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Debar
Debar (Дебaр; in Albanian; Dibër/Dibra or Dibra e Madhe) is a city in the western part of the Republic of Macedonia, near the border with Albania, off the road from Struga to Gostivar.
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Demetrios Palaiologos
Demetrios Palaiologos or Demetrius Palaeologus (Dēmētrios Palaiologos; ca. 1407–1470) was a Byzantine prince and Despot.
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Despotate of the Morea
The Despotate of the Morea (Δεσποτᾶτον τοῦ Μορέως) or Despotate of Mystras (Δεσποτᾶτον τοῦ Μυστρᾶ) was a province of the Byzantine Empire which existed between the mid-14th and mid-15th centuries.
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Devshirme
Devshirme (دوشيرمه, devşirme, literally "lifting" or "collecting"), also known as the blood tax or tribute in blood, was chiefly the practice where by the Ottoman Empire sent military officers to take Christian boys, ages 8 to 18, from their families in Eastern and Southeastern Europe in order that they be raised to serve the state.
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Dhimitër Jonima
Dhimitër Jonima (? – 1409) was an Albanian nobleman from the Jonima family.
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Dibër District
Dibër District (Rrethi i Dibrës) was one of the thirty-six districts of Albania (which were dissolved in 2000) that is now part of Dibër County.
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Donika Kastrioti
Donika Kastrioti (née Andronika Arianiti-Muzaka) was an Albanian noblewoman and the spouse of George Kastrioti Skanderbeg.
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Double-headed eagle
In heraldry and vexillology, the double-headed eagle is a charge associated with the concept of Empire.
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Drin River
The Drin (Drin or Drini; Дрим) is a river in Southern and Southeastern Europe with two distributaries one discharging into the Adriatic Sea and the other one into the Buna River.
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Drin Valley
The Drin valley (Lugina e Drinit) is a valley in northern and eastern Albania along the Drin river.
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Ducat
The ducat was a gold or silver coin used as a trade coin in Europe from the later middle ages until as late as the 20th century.
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Duchy of Burgundy
The Duchy of Burgundy (Ducatus Burgundiae; Duché de Bourgogne) emerged in the 9th century as one of the successors of the ancient Kingdom of the Burgundians, which after its conquest in 532 had formed a constituent part of the Frankish Empire.
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Dukagjini family
The Dukagjini family (Ducagini or Ducaginus) was one of the most important feudal families in medieval Albania.
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Durrës
Durrës (Durazzo,, historically known as Epidamnos and Dyrrachium, is the second most populous city of the Republic of Albania. The city is the capital of the surrounding Durrës County, one of 12 constituent counties of the country. By air, it is northwest of Sarandë, west of Tirana, south of Shkodër and east of Rome. Located on the Adriatic Sea, it is the country's most ancient and economic and historic center. Founded by Greek colonists from Corinth and Corfu under the name of Epidamnos (Επίδαμνος) around the 7th century BC, the city essentially developed to become significant as it became an integral part of the Roman Empire and its successor the Byzantine Empire. The Via Egnatia, the continuation of the Via Appia, started in the city and led across the interior of the Balkan Peninsula to Constantinople in the east. In the Middle Ages, it was contested between Bulgarian, Venetian and Ottoman dominions. Following the declaration of independence of Albania, the city served as the capital of the Principality of Albania for a short period of time. Subsequently, it was annexed by the Kingdom of Italy and Nazi Germany in the interwar period. Moreover, the city experienced a strong expansion in its demography and economic activity during the Communism in Albania. Durrës is served by the Port of Durrës, one of the largest on the Adriatic Sea, which connects the city to Italy and other neighbouring countries. Its most considerable attraction is the Amphitheatre of Durrës that is included on the tentative list of Albania for designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Once having a capacity for 20,000 people, it is the largest amphitheatre in the Balkan Peninsula.
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Dushmani family
The Dushmani or Dušmani (Dusmani, Душман, Душмани) were a family that ruled parts of Pilot, a historical province in what is today the Dukagjin highlands in northern Albania, during the 15th century under the Republic of Venice.
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Edirne
Edirne, historically known as Adrianople (Hadrianopolis in Latin or Adrianoupolis in Greek, founded by the Roman emperor Hadrian on the site of a previous Thracian settlement named Uskudama), is a city in the northwestern Turkish province of Edirne in the region of East Thrace, close to Turkey's borders with Greece and Bulgaria.
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Edward Gibbon
Edward Gibbon FRS (8 May 173716 January 1794) was an English historian, writer and Member of Parliament.
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Elbasan
Elbasan (Albanian: Elbasan or Elbasani) is a city and a municipality in Elbasan County, central Albania.
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Enderun School
The Enderun School (Ottoman Turkish: اندرون مکتب, Enderûn Mektebi) was a palace school and boarding school mostly for the Janissaries of the Ottoman Empire, which primarily recruited students via devşirme, a system of the Islamization of Christian children for serving the Ottoman government in bureaucratic, managerial, and Janissary military positions.
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Epic poetry
An epic poem, epic, epos, or epopee is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily involving a time beyond living memory in which occurred the extraordinary doings of the extraordinary men and women who, in dealings with the gods or other superhuman forces, gave shape to the moral universe that their descendants, the poet and his audience, must understand to understand themselves as a people or nation.
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Fall of Constantinople
The Fall of Constantinople (Ἅλωσις τῆς Κωνσταντινουπόλεως, Halōsis tēs Kōnstantinoupoleōs; İstanbul'un Fethi Conquest of Istanbul) was the capture of the capital of the Byzantine Empire by an invading Ottoman army on 29 May 1453.
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Fan S. Noli
Theofan Stilian Noli, known as Fan Noli (6 January 1882 – 13 March 1965) was an Albanian writer, scholar, diplomat, politician, historian, orator and founder of the Orthodox Church of Albania, who served as Prime Minister and regent of Albania in 1924 during the June Revolution.
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Fatos Lubonja
Fatos Lubonja (born 1951) is an Albanian writer, analyst and dissident.
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Fealty
An oath of fealty, from the Latin fidelitas (faithfulness), is a pledge of allegiance of one person to another.
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Ferdinand I of Naples
Ferdinand I (2 June 1423 – 25 January 1494), also called Ferrante, was the King of Naples from 1458 to 1494.
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Flag of Albania
The flag of Albania is a red flag with a silhouetted black double-headed eagle in the center.
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Flavius Aetius
Flavius Aetius (Flavius Aetius; 391–454), dux et patricius, commonly called simply Aetius or Aëtius, was a Roman general of the closing period of the Western Roman Empire.
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Florence
Florence (Firenze) is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany.
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François Francoeur
François Francœur (8 September 1698 – 5 August 1787) was a French composer and violinist.
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Frang Bardhi
Frang Bardhi (Latin: Franciscus Blancus, Italian: Francesco Bianchi, 1606–1643) was an Albanian Catholic bishop and writer.
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Galatina
Galatina (Griko: Ας Πέτρο, As Pètro; Salentino: San Pietru), known before the unification of Italy as San Pietro in Galatina, is a town and comune in the Province of Lecce in Apulia, southern Italy.
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Gedik Ahmed Pasha
Gedik Ahmed Pasha (died 18 November 1482) was an Ottoman statesman and admiral who served as Grand Vizier and Kapudan Pasha (Grand Admiral of the Ottoman Navy) during the reigns of sultans Mehmed II and Bayezid II.
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Geneva
Geneva (Genève, Genèva, Genf, Ginevra, Genevra) is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and the most populous city of the Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland.
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George (given name)
George is a widespread given name, derived from the Greek Γεώργιος (Geōrgios) through the Latin Georgius.
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George Lillo
George Lillo (3 February 1691 – 4 September 1739) was an English playwright and tragedian.
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George Strez Balšić
George Strez Balšić (Latin, Georgio Stresio, Gjergj Balsha; 1444–57) and his brothers Gojko and John were the lords of Misia, a coastal area from the White Drin towards the Adriatic.
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Georgius Pelino
Georgius Pelino (Gjergj Pelini; 1438–1463) was a Catholic priest, the abbot of Ratac Abbey and diplomat of Skanderbeg and Venetian Republic.
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Giammaria Biemmi
Giammaria Biemmi was an Italian priest who published a work on Skanderbeg titled Istoria di Giorgio Castrioto Scanderbeg-Begh.
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Giovanni Antonio Del Balzo Orsini
Giovanni Antonio (Giannantonio) Del Balzo Orsini (1386 or 1393 – 15 November 1463) was a southern Italian nobleman and military leader; he was Prince of Taranto, Duke of Bari, Count of Lecce, Acerra, Soleto and Conversano, as well as Count of Matera (1433–63) and of Ugento (1453–63).
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Gjergj Arianiti
Gjergj Arianiti or George Aryaniti (1383–1462) was an Albanian lord who led several campaigns against the Ottoman Empire.
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Gjon Kastrioti
Gjon Kastrioti, or John Castriot (13?? – 4 May 1437), was an Albanian nobleman, member of the Kastrioti family, and the father of Skanderbeg.
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Gjon Kastrioti II
Gjon Kastrioti II, or John Castriot II (Ioanne Castrioto,Theodore Spandounes (Spandugnino), De la origine deli Imperatori Ottomani, Sathas, C. N. (ed.) (1890) Documents inédits relatifs à l'histoire de la Grèce au moyen âge, IX (Paris), p. 159 Giovanni Castrioto;Breve memoria de li discendenti de nostra casa Musachi, p. 284 1456–1502), was the son of Skanderbeg, the Albanian national hero, and of Donika Kastrioti, daughter of Gjergj Arianiti.
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Gjon Muzaka
Gjon Muzaka (fl. 1510; Giovanni Musachi di Berat) was an Albanian nobleman from the Muzaka family, that has historically ruled in the Myzeqe region, Albania.
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Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba
Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba, or simply Gonzalo de Córdoba (1 September 1453 – 2 December 1515), Duke of Terranova and Santangelo, Andria, Montalto and Sessa, was a Spanish general who fought in the Conquest of Granada and the Italian Wars.
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Grand vizier
In the Ottoman Empire, the Grand Vizier (Sadrazam) was the prime minister of the Ottoman sultan, with absolute power of attorney and, in principle, dismissible only by the sultan himself.
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Greek language
Greek (Modern Greek: ελληνικά, elliniká, "Greek", ελληνική γλώσσα, ellinikí glóssa, "Greek language") is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea.
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Greeks
The Greeks or Hellenes (Έλληνες, Éllines) are an ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Albania, Italy, Turkey, Egypt and, to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. They also form a significant diaspora, with Greek communities established around the world.. Greek colonies and communities have been historically established on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea, but the Greek people have always been centered on the Aegean and Ionian seas, where the Greek language has been spoken since the Bronze Age.. Until the early 20th century, Greeks were distributed between the Greek peninsula, the western coast of Asia Minor, the Black Sea coast, Cappadocia in central Anatolia, Egypt, the Balkans, Cyprus, and Constantinople. Many of these regions coincided to a large extent with the borders of the Byzantine Empire of the late 11th century and the Eastern Mediterranean areas of ancient Greek colonization. The cultural centers of the Greeks have included Athens, Thessalonica, Alexandria, Smyrna, and Constantinople at various periods. Most ethnic Greeks live nowadays within the borders of the modern Greek state and Cyprus. The Greek genocide and population exchange between Greece and Turkey nearly ended the three millennia-old Greek presence in Asia Minor. Other longstanding Greek populations can be found from southern Italy to the Caucasus and southern Russia and Ukraine and in the Greek diaspora communities in a number of other countries. Today, most Greeks are officially registered as members of the Greek Orthodox Church.CIA World Factbook on Greece: Greek Orthodox 98%, Greek Muslim 1.3%, other 0.7%. Greeks have greatly influenced and contributed to culture, arts, exploration, literature, philosophy, politics, architecture, music, mathematics, science and technology, business, cuisine, and sports, both historically and contemporarily.
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Guerrilla warfare
Guerrilla warfare is a form of irregular warfare in which a small group of combatants, such as paramilitary personnel, armed civilians, or irregulars, use military tactics including ambushes, sabotage, raids, petty warfare, hit-and-run tactics, and mobility to fight a larger and less-mobile traditional military.
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Gundulić
The Gundulić (known in Italian as Gondola) was a noble family of the Republic of Ragusa, considered one of the most prestigious families of the republic.
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Halil İnalcık
Halil İnalcık (26 May 1916 – 25 July 2016) was a Turkish historian of the Ottoman Empire.
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Hamza Kastrioti
Hamza Kastrioti (Ameses Castriota; fl.) was a 15th-century Albanian nobleman.
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Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (February 27, 1807 – March 24, 1882) was an American poet and educator whose works include "Paul Revere's Ride", The Song of Hiawatha, and Evangeline.
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Hilandar
The Hilandar Monastery (Манастир Хиландар,, Μονή Χιλανδαρίου) is the Serbian Orthodox monastery in Mount Athos in Greece.
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Hit-and-run tactics
Hit-and-run tactics is a tactical doctrine where the purpose of the combat involved is not to seize control of territory, but to inflict damage on a target and immediately exit the area to avoid the enemy's defense and/or retaliation.
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Holy See
The Holy See (Santa Sede; Sancta Sedes), also called the See of Rome, is the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, the episcopal see of the Pope, and an independent sovereign entity.
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House of Kastrioti
The House of Kastrioti (Dera e Kastriotit) was an Albanian royal and noble family, active in the 14th and 15th centuries as the rulers of the Principality of Kastrioti.
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House of Valois-Anjou
The House of Valois-Anjou (Casa Valois-Angiò) was a noble French family, deriving from the royal family, the House of Valois.
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Iç oğlan
The term iç oğlan ("Inner Boy") refers to the boy servants or pages who had been recruited according to the devşirme system in the Ottoman Empire, and who worked in the Enderûn, that is, the Inner Palace, one of the three parts of Topkapı Palace in Istanbul.
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Imbros
Imbros or İmroz, officially changed to Gökçeada since 29 July 1970,Alexis Alexandris, "The Identity Issue of The Minorities In Greece An Turkey", in Hirschon, Renée (ed.), Crossing the Aegean: An Appraisal of the 1923 Compulsory Population Exchange Between Greece and Turkey, Berghahn Books, 2003, (older name in Turkish: İmroz; Greek: Ίμβρος Imvros), is the largest island of Turkey and the seat of Gökçeada District of Çanakkale Province.
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Interdict
In Catholic canon law, an interdict is an ecclesiastical censure, or ban that prohibits persons, certain active Church individuals or groups from participating in certain rites, or that the rites and services of the church are banished from having validity in certain territories for a limited or extended time.
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Ishak Bey
Ishak Bey or Ishak-Beg was an Ottoman governor and soldier, the sanjakbey of Üsküb from 1415 to 1439.
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Islam
IslamThere are ten pronunciations of Islam in English, differing in whether the first or second syllable has the stress, whether the s is or, and whether the a is pronounced, or (when the stress is on the first syllable) (Merriam Webster).
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Italy
Italy (Italia), officially the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), is a sovereign state in Europe.
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Ivan Strez Balšić
Ivan Strez Balšić (fl. 1444–1469) and his brothers George Strez and Gojko Balšić were the lords of Misia, a coastal area from the White Drin towards the Adriatic.
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Jakupica
Jakupica (Јакупица) or Mokra is a mountain range in the central part of the Republic of Macedonia.
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James Wolfe
James Wolfe (2 January 1727 – 13 September 1759) was a British Army officer, known for his training reforms and remembered chiefly for his victory in 1759 over the French at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham in Quebec as a major general.
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Janaq Paço
Janaq Paço (1914, Konitsa, Kingdom of Greece - 1991, Tirana, Albania) was one of the best known Albanian sculptors of the 20th century.
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Janissaries
The Janissaries (يڭيچرى, meaning "new soldier") were elite infantry units that formed the Ottoman Sultan's household troops, bodyguards and the first modern standing army in Europe.
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Jerina Branković (wife of Gjon Kastrioti II)
Jerina Branković (Јерина Бранковић, Erina), or Irina (Ирина), was the wife of Gjon Kastrioti II.
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John Hunyadi
John Hunyadi (Hunyadi János, Ioan de Hunedoara; 1406 – 11 August 1456) was a leading Hungarian military and political figure in Central and Southeastern Europe during the 15th century.
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Karamanids
The Karamanids or Karamanid dynasty (Modern Turkish: Karamanoğulları, Karamanoğulları Beyliği), also known as the Principality of Karaman and Beylik of Karaman (Karaman Beyliği), was one of the Islamic Anatolian beyliks, centered in south-central Anatolia around the present-day Karaman Province.
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Kastriot, Albania
Kastriot is a village and a former municipality in the Dibër County, northeastern Albania.
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KF Skënderbeu Korçë
Klubi Futbollistik Skënderbeu Korçë, is an Albanian professional football club based in Korçë, a city in southeastern Albania.
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Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed from the Middle Ages into the twentieth century (1000–1946 with the exception of 1918–1920).
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Kingdom of Naples
The Kingdom of Naples (Regnum Neapolitanum; Reino de Nápoles; Regno di Napoli) comprised that part of the Italian Peninsula south of the Papal States between 1282 and 1816.
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Kodër-Thumanë
Kodër-Thumanë is a village and a former municipality in the Durrës County, western Albania.
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Kodžadžik
Kodžadžik (Коџаџик, Kocacık) is a village in the municipality of Centar Župa, Republic of Macedonia.
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Konstantin Mihailović
Konstantin Mihailović, also known as Constantine of Ostravica, born in 1430, was a Serbian soldier and author of a memoir of his time as a Jannissary in the army of the Ottoman Empire.
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Kosovo
Kosovo (Kosova or Kosovë; Косово) is a partially recognised state and disputed territory in Southeastern Europe that declared independence from Serbia in February 2008 as the Republic of Kosovo (Republika e Kosovës; Република Косово / Republika Kosovo).
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Krrabë
Krrabë is a town and a former municipality in the Tirana County, central Albania.
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Krujë
Krujë (Kruja, see also the etymology section) is a town and a municipality in north central Albania.
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Krujë Castle
The Krujë castle (Kalaja e Krujës) is a castle in the city of Krujë, Albania and the center of Skanderbeg's rebellion against the Ottoman Empire.
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Labëria
Labëria is a historic region that is roughly situated in southwestern Albania.
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Lanham, Maryland
Lanham is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Prince George's County, Maryland.
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Laonikos Chalkokondyles
Laonikos Chalkokondyles, Latinized as Laonicus Chalcondyles (Λαόνικος Χαλκοκονδύλης, from λαός "people", νικᾶν "to be victorious", an anagram of Nikolaos which bears the same meaning; c. 1430 – c. 1470), was a Byzantine Greek historian from Athens.
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Latin
Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
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Lazar Branković
Lazar Branković (Лазар Бранковић; c. 1421 – 20 February 1458) was a Serbian despot, prince of Rascia from 1456 to 1458.
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League of Lezhë
The League of Lezhë (Besëlidhja e Lezhës) was a military alliance of Albanian feudal lords forged in Lezhë on 2 March 1444, with Skanderbeg as leader of the regional Albanian and Serbian chieftains united against the Ottoman Empire.
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Lefkada
Lefkada (Λευκάδα, Lefkáda), also known as Lefkas or Leukas (Ancient Greek and Katharevousa: Λευκάς, Leukás, modern pronunciation Lefkás) and Leucadia, is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea on the west coast of Greece, connected to the mainland by a long causeway and floating bridge.
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Lekë Dukagjini
Lekë III Dukagjini (1410–1481), mostly known as Lekë Dukagjini, was a mysterious member of the Dukagjini family about whom little is known and who is thought to have been a 15th-century Albanian nobleman.
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Lemnos
Lemnos (Λήμνος) is a Greek island in the northern part of the Aegean Sea.
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Leonardo III Tocco
Leonardo III Tocco was the last ruler of Epirus, from 1448 to 1479.
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Lezhë
Lezhë (Lezha or Lezhë) is a town and municipality in northwest Albania, in the county with the same name.
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Libretto
A libretto is the text used in, or intended for, an extended musical work such as an opera, operetta, masque, oratorio, cantata or musical.
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London
London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.
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Lord Byron
George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron (22 January 1788 – 19 April 1824), known as Lord Byron, was an English nobleman, poet, peer, politician, and leading figure in the Romantic movement.
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Ludvig Holberg
Ludvig Holberg, Baron of Holberg (3 December 1684 – 28 January 1754) was a writer, essayist, philosopher, historian and playwright born in Bergen, Norway, during the time of the Dano-Norwegian dual monarchy.
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Macedonia (region)
Macedonia is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan peninsula in southeastern Europe.
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Mahmud Pasha Angelović
Mahmud Pasha Angelović (Махмуд-паша Анђеловић/Mahmud-paša Anđelović; Veli Mahmud Paşa; 1420–1474) was the Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire from 1456 to 1466 and again from 1472 to 1474, who also wrote Persian and Turkish poems under the pseudonym Adni (the "Eden-like").
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Makedonski Brod
Makedonski Brod (Македонски Брод; meaning Macedonian Ford) is a town in the central part of Macedonia, on the south-eastern part of Suva Gora, western Karadžica and south-western Dautica mountains.
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Malaria
Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease affecting humans and other animals caused by parasitic protozoans (a group of single-celled microorganisms) belonging to the Plasmodium type.
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Marin Barleti
Marin Barleti (Marinus Barletius, Marino Barlezio; c. 1450–60 – c. 1512–13) was a historian and Catholic priest from Shkodra.
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Martin Segon
Martin Segon (Martinus Segonius Nouomotanus, Martino Segono) was a Serbian writer, Catholic Bishop of Ulcinj, and a notable 15th-century humanist.
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Mat District
Mat District was one of the thirty-six districts of Albania (which were dissolved in 2000) that is now part of Dibër County.
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Mavrovo and Rostuša Municipality
Mavrovo and Rostuša (Маврово и Ростушa) is a municipality in western Republic of Macedonia.
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Mehmed II's first Albanian campaign
In 1452, the newly acceded Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II ordered his first campaign against Skanderbeg, the chief of the League of Lezhë.
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Mehmed the Conqueror
Mehmed II (محمد ثانى, Meḥmed-i sānī; Modern II.; 30 March 1432 – 3 May 1481), commonly known as Mehmed the Conqueror (Fatih Sultan Mehmet), was an Ottoman Sultan who ruled first for a short time from August 1444 to September 1446, and later from February 1451 to May 1481.
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Menteshe
Menteshe (Menteşe) was one of the Anatolian beyliks, the frontier principalities established by the Oghuz Turks after the decline of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum.
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Military of the Ottoman Empire
The history of the military of the Ottoman Empire can be divided in five main periods.
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Mirditë
Mirditë (Mirdita, meaning either 'beautiful day' or 'good day') is a municipality in Lezhë County, northwestern Albania.
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Modrič, Struga
Modrič (Модрич) is a village in Struga Municipality, in the Republic of Macedonia.
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Moisi Golemi
Moisi Golemi, also known as Moisi of Dibra (Moisiu i Dibrës), was an Albanian nobleman and a commander of the League of Lezhë.
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Monte Sant'Angelo
Monte Sant'Angelo (Foggiano: Mónde) is a town and comune of Apulia, southern Italy, in the province of Foggia, on the southern slopes of Monte Gargano.
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Montenegro
Montenegro (Montenegrin: Црна Гора / Crna Gora, meaning "Black Mountain") is a sovereign state in Southeastern Europe.
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Morea
The Morea (Μορέας or Μοριάς, Moreja, Morée, Morea, Mora) was the name of the Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece during the Middle Ages and the early modern period.
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Murad II
Murad II (June 1404 – 3 February 1451) (Ottoman Turkish: مراد ثانى Murād-ı sānī, Turkish:II. Murat) was the Ottoman Sultan from 1421 to 1444 and 1446 to 1451.
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Muzaka family
The Muzaka were an Albanian noble family that ruled over the region of Myzeqe (central Albania) in the Late Middle Ages.
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Myth of Skanderbeg
The Myth of Skanderbeg is one of the main constitutive myths of Albanian nationalism.
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Naples
Naples (Napoli, Napule or; Neapolis; lit) is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest municipality in Italy after Rome and Milan.
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Nardò
Nardò (Neritum or Neretum; Nareton) is a town and comune in the southern Italian region of Apulia, in the province of Lecce.
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National Museum "Gjergj Kastrioti Skënderbeu"
The National Museum "George Castrioti Skanderbeg" (Muzeu Kombëtar "Gjergj Kastrioti Skënderbeu"), also known as the Skanderbeg Museum or the Kruja Museum, is located in Krujë and is one of the most important and visited museums in Albania.
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Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945, when Germany was under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler through the Nazi Party (NSDAP).
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Nicholas Pal Dukagjini
Nicholas Dukagjini (Nikollë Dukagjini) was an Albanian nobleman of the Dukagjini family in the 15th century.
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Nikopol, Bulgaria
Nikopol (Никопол; historically Niğbolu, Νικόπολις, Nikópolis, Nikápoly, Nicopolis) is a town in northern Bulgaria, the administrative center of Nikopol municipality, part of Pleven Province, on the right bank of the Danube river, downstream from the mouth of the Osam river.
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Ninac Vukosalić
Ninac (Нинац; 1450–59), called "the Serbian scribe" (dijak srpski), was the scribe and chancellor at the court of Albanian lord Skanderbeg; he authored at least four of Skanderbeg's documents written in Old Serbian.
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Noel Malcolm
Sir Noel Robert Malcolm, (born 26 December 1956) is an English political journalist, historian and academic.
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Odhise Paskali
Odhise Paskali (22 December 1903 – 13 September 1985) is one of the most acclaimed Albanian sculptors.
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Ohrid
Ohrid (Охрид) is a city in the Republic of Macedonia and the seat of Ohrid Municipality.
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Order of Skanderbeg (1990–)
The Order of Skanderbeg or the "George Kastrioti Skanderbeg" Order (Urdhri "Gjergj Kastrioti Skënderbeu") is a high honorary state decoration that is currently given in Albania to Albanian and foreign citizens that have made an important contribution to the defence, reinforcement and development of the Republic of Albania.
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Orthodoxy
Orthodoxy (from Greek ὀρθοδοξία orthodoxía "right opinion") is adherence to correct or accepted creeds, especially in religion.
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Osum
The Osum is a river in southern Albania, one of the source rivers of the Seman.
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Otranto
Otranto (Salentino: Uṭṛàntu; Griko: Δερεντό, translit. Derentò; translit; Hydruntum) is a town and comune in the province of Lecce (Apulia, Italy), in a fertile region once famous for its breed of horses.
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Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (دولت عليه عثمانیه,, literally The Exalted Ottoman State; Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also historically known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire"The Ottoman Empire-also known in Europe as the Turkish Empire" or simply Turkey, was a state that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries.
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Ottoman invasion of Otranto
The Ottoman invasion of Otranto occurred between 1480 and 1481 at the Italian city of Otranto in Apulia, southern Italy.
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Ottoman–Venetian War (1463–1479)
The First Ottoman–Venetian War was fought between the Republic of Venice and her allies and the Ottoman Empire from 1463 to 1479.
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Padua
Padua (Padova; Pàdova) is a city and comune in Veneto, northern Italy.
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Pal Kastrioti
Pal Kastrioti (1383—1407) was an Albanian nobleman attested in 1383 as the lord of two villages, Sina and Lower Gardi.
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Palaiologos
The Palaiologos (Palaiologoi; Παλαιολόγος, pl. Παλαιολόγοι), also found in English-language literature as Palaeologus or Palaeologue, was the name of a Byzantine Greek family, which rose to nobility and ultimately produced the last ruling dynasty of the Byzantine Empire.
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Palazzo Skanderbeg
Palazzo Scanderbeg or Palazzetto Scanderbeg is a Roman palazzo, located on the Piazza Scanderbeg (Num. 117) near the Trevi Fountain.
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Pasta
Pasta is a staple food of traditional Italian cuisine, with the first reference dating to 1154 in Sicily.
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Patras
Patras (Πάτρα, Classical Greek and Katharevousa: Πάτραι (pl.),, Patrae (pl.)) is Greece's third-largest city and the regional capital of Western Greece, in the northern Peloponnese, west of Athens.
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Peshkopi
Peshkopi (Peshkopia) is a town in Dibër County, northeastern Albania.
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Petar II Petrović-Njegoš
Petar II Petrović-Njegoš (Петар II Петровић-Његош,; –), commonly referred to simply as Njegoš, was a Prince-Bishop (vladika) of Montenegro, poet and philosopher whose works are widely considered some of the most important in Montenegrin literature.
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Petrelë
Petrelë is a village and a former municipality 15 km south of Tirana, in central Albania.
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Piazza Albania
Piazza Albania is a square of Rome (Italy), placed along Viale Aventino, not far from Porta San Paolo, at the footsteps of the Aventine Hill.
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Piazza Scanderbeg
Piazza Scanderbeg is a square in Rome, Italy located on the junction of Vicolo Scanderbeg and Via della Panetteria.
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Pierre de Ronsard
Pierre de Ronsard (11 September 1524 – 27 December 1585) was a French poet or, as his own generation in France called him, a "prince of poets".
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Pope Callixtus III
Pope Callixtus III (31 December 1378 – 6 August 1458), born Alfons de Borja, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 April 1455 to his death in 1458.
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Pope Nicholas V
Pope Nicholas V (Nicholaus V) (13 November 1397 – 24 March 1455), born Tommaso Parentucelli, was Pope from 6 March 1447 until his death.
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Pope Pius II
Pope Pius II (Pius PP., Pio II), born Enea Silvio Bartolomeo Piccolomini (Aeneas Silvius Bartholomeus; 18 October 1405 – 14 August 1464) was Pope from 19 August 1458 to his death in 1464.
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Prenkë Jakova
Prenkë Jakova (27 June 191719 September 1969) was a well known Albanian composer, musician, and author of Mrika, which premiered in 1958 and is popularly considered the first Albanian opera.
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Prezë
Prezë is a village and a former municipality in the Tirana County, central Albania.
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Principality of Kastrioti
Principality of Kastrioti (1389–1444) was one of the most important principalities in Medieval Albania.
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Principality of Taranto
The Principality of Taranto was a state in southern Italy created in 1088 for Bohemond I, eldest son of Robert Guiscard, as part of the peace between him and his younger brother Roger Borsa after a dispute over the succession to the Duchy of Apulia.
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Pristina
Pristina (Prishtina or Prishtinë) or Priština (Приштина), is the capital and largest city of Kosovo.
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Province of Lecce
The Province of Lecce (Provincia di Lecce; Salentino: provincia te Lècce) is a province in the Apulia region of Italy.
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Pyrrhus of Epirus
Pyrrhus (Πύρρος, Pyrrhos; 319/318–272 BC) was a Greek general and statesman of the Hellenistic period.
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Quirinal Palace
The Quirinal Palace (known in Italian as the Palazzo del Quirinale or simply Quirinale) is a historic building in Rome, Italy, one of the three current official residences of the President of the Italian Republic, together with Villa Rosebery in Naples and Tenuta di Castelporziano in Rome.
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Ramon d’Ortafà
Ramon d’Ortafà was a 15th-century Spanish Catalan noble, originary of Perpignan.
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Rebellion
Rebellion, uprising, or insurrection is a refusal of obedience or order.
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Renaissance humanism
Renaissance humanism is the study of classical antiquity, at first in Italy and then spreading across Western Europe in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries.
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Republic of Macedonia
Macedonia (translit), officially the Republic of Macedonia, is a country in the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe.
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Republic of Ragusa
The Republic of Ragusa was a maritime republic centered on the city of Dubrovnik (Ragusa in Italian, German and Latin; Raguse in French) in Dalmatia (today in southernmost Croatia) that carried that name from 1358 until 1808.
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Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice (Repubblica di Venezia, later: Repubblica Veneta; Repùblica de Venèsia, later: Repùblica Vèneta), traditionally known as La Serenissima (Most Serene Republic of Venice) (Serenissima Repubblica di Venezia; Serenìsima Repùblica Vèneta), was a sovereign state and maritime republic in northeastern Italy, which existed for a millennium between the 8th century and the 18th century.
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Rochester Hills, Michigan
Rochester Hills is a city in northeast Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan, in the northern outskirts of Metropolitan Detroit area.
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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit (Archidioecesis Detroitensis) is an archdiocese of the Latin Rite of the Catholic Church covering (as of 2005) the Michigan counties of Lapeer, Macomb, Monroe, Oakland, St. Clair, and Wayne.
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Roman Curia
The Roman Curia is the administrative apparatus of the Holy See and the central body through which the Roman Pontiff conducts the affairs of the universal Catholic Church.
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Romano Romanelli
Romano Romanelli (14 May 1882 – 25 September 1968) was an Italian artist, writer, a naval officer.
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San Giovanni Rotondo
San Giovanni Rotondo is the name of a city and comune in the province of Foggia and region of Apulia, in southern Italy.
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Sanjak of Dibra
Sanjak of Dibra, or Sanjak of Debar, (Debre Sancağı, Sanxhaku i Dibrës, Дебарски санџак) was one of the sanjaks of the Ottoman Empire which county town was Debar in Macedonia.
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Sanjak of Ohrid
The Sanjak of Ohri (Ohri Sancağı, Sanxhaku i Ohrit, Охридски санджак, Охридски санџак) was one of the sanjaks of the Ottoman Empire established in 1395.
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Sanjak-bey
Sanjak-bey, sanjaq-bey or -beg (meaning "Lord of the Standard") was the title given in the Ottoman Empire to a Bey (a high-ranking officer, but usually not a Pasha) appointed to the military and administrative command of a district (sanjak, in Arabic liwa'), answerable to a superior wāli or other provincial governor.
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Sanseverino
* Sanseverino (family): The Sanseverino are one of the historical families most famous in the Kingdom of Naples and all of Italy, having 300 strongholds, 40 counties, nine marquisates, twelve duchies and ten principalities primarily distributed in Calabria, Campania, Basilicata, and Apulia.
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Sati (castle)
Sati (Шати, Satti, Shati) was a medieval fortified town near Shkodër in contemporary Albania.
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Scanderbeg (opera)
Scanderbeg (RV 732) is an opera (dramma per musica) in three acts composed by Antonio Vivaldi to an Italian libretto by Antonio Salvi.
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Scorched earth
A scorched-earth policy is a military strategy that aims to destroy anything that might be useful to the enemy while it is advancing through or withdrawing from a location.
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Selimie Mosque
The former Selimije Mosque (Albanian: Xhamia e Selimies), or Church-Mosque of Lezha (Kisha-Xhami) is a ruined historic church and mosque where the remains of Skanderbeg are said to be preserved in Lezhë, Albania.
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Serbian Despotate
The Serbian Despotate (Српска деспотовина / Srpska despotovina) was a medieval Serbian state in the first half of the 15th century.
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Serbian literature
Serbian literature (Српска књижевност/Srpska književnost) refers to literature written in Serbian and/or in Serbia.
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Serbs
The Serbs (Срби / Srbi) are a South Slavic ethnic group that formed in the Balkans.
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Shkodër
Shkodër or Shkodra, historically known as Scutari (in Italian, English and most Western European landuages) or Scodra, is a city in the Republic of Albania.
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Siege of Berat (1455)
The Siege of Berat began July, 1455 at the Albanian city of Berat, when the Albanian army of Skanderbeg besieged the fortress held by Ottoman forces.
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Siege of Krujë (1450)
The first Siege of Krujë occurred in 1450 when an Ottoman army of approximately 100,000 men laid siege to the Albanian town of Krujë.
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Siege of Krujë (1466–67)
The second siege of Krujë took place from 1466 to 1467.
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Siege of Krujë (1467)
The Third Siege of Krujë by the Ottoman Empire occurred in 1467 at Krujë in Albania.
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Siege of Shkodra
The Siege of Shkodra of 1478–79 was a confrontation between the Ottoman Empire and the Albanians and Venetians at Shkodra (Scutari in Italian) and its Rozafa Castle during the First Ottoman-Venetian War (1463–79).
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Siege of Svetigrad (1448)
The Siege of Svetigrad began on 14 May 1448 when an Ottoman army, led by Sultan Murad II, besieged the fortress of Svetigrad (now Kodžadžik).
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Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta
Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta (19 June 1417 – 7 October 1468) was an Italian condottiero and nobleman, a member of the House of Malatesta and lord of Rimini, Fano, and Cesena from 1432.
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Sipahi
Sipahi (translit) were two types of Ottoman cavalry corps, including the fief-holding provincial timarli sipahi, which constituted most of the army, and the regular kapikulu sipahi, palace troops.
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Sir William Temple, 1st Baronet
Sir William Temple, 1st Baronet (25 April 1628 – 27 January 1699) was an English statesman and essayist.
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Skanderbeg Monument
The Skanderbeg Monument is a monument in the Skanderbeg Square in Tirana, Albania.
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Skanderbeg Square
The Skanderbeg Square is the main plaza in the centre of Tirana, Albania.
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Skanderbeg Square (Skopje)
Skanderbeg Square (Плоштад "Скендербег"; Sheshi i "Skënderbeut") is a square in Skopje, Macedonia construction of which began on 17 January 2012.
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Skanderbeg's rebellion
Skanderbeg's rebellion was an almost 25-years long anti-Ottoman rebellion led by renegade Ottoman sanjakbey Skanderbeg on the territory which belonged to the Ottoman sanjaks of Albania, Dibra and Ohrid (modern-day Albania and Macedonia).
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Skënderbeu Stadium
Stadiumi Skënderbeu (Stadiumi Skënderbeu, Skenderbeu Stadium) is a multi-purpose stadium in Korçë, Albania.
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Sketch story
A sketch story, literary sketch or simply sketch, is a piece of writing that is generally shorter than a short story, and contains very little, if any, plot.
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Skopje
Skopje (Скопје) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Macedonia.
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Smederevo
Smederevo (Смедерево) is a city and the administrative center of the Podunavlje District in eastern Serbia.
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Soleto
Soleto (Griko: Sulìtu; Salentino: Sulìtu; Soletum) is a small Griko-speaking city located in the province of Lecce in Apulia, Italy.
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Soubashi
The subaşi (subash, subaša) was an Ottoman gubernatorial title used to describe different positions within Ottoman hierarchy, depending on the context.
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South Slavs
The South Slavs are a subgroup of Slavic peoples who speak the South Slavic languages.
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Southern Italy
Southern Italy or Mezzogiorno (literally "midday") is a macroregion of Italy traditionally encompassing the territories of the former Kingdom of the two Sicilies (all the southern section of the Italian Peninsula and Sicily), with the frequent addition of the island of Sardinia.
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Sovereign Military Order of Malta
The Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta (Supremus Ordo Militaris Hospitalis Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani Rhodius et Melitensis), also known as the Sovereign Military Order of Malta (SMOM) or the Order of Malta, is a Catholic lay religious order traditionally of military, chivalrous and noble nature.
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Spani family
The Spani or Span family was a northern Albanian noble family and clan.
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St. Stephan, Switzerland
St.
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Stanisha Kastrioti
Stanisha Kastrioti (Stanissa; 1421–45) was an Albanian nobleman, a member of the Kastrioti family, and older brother of Skanderbeg.
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Stefan Branković
Stefan Branković (Стефан Бранковић; c. 1417 – 9 October 1476), also known in historiography as Stefan the Blind (Стефан Слепи), was briefly the despot (ruler) of the Serbian Despotate between 1458 and 1459, member of the Branković dynasty.
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Stefan Crnojević
Stefan Crnojević (Стефан Црнојевић), known as Stefanica (Стефаница; 1426–1465) was the Lord of Zeta between 1451 and 1465.
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Stefan Maramonte
Stefan Balšić (Стефан Балшић; fl. 1419-40), known as Stefan Maramonte, was a Zetan nobleman.
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Stephen III of Moldavia
Stephen III of Moldavia, known as Stephen the Great (Ștefan cel Mare;; died on 2 July 1504) was voivode (or prince) of Moldavia from 1457 to 1504.
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Stratioti
The Stratioti or stradioti (stradioti, stradiotti, Στρατιώτες/stratiotes, Stratiotët) were mercenary units from the Balkans recruited mainly by states of southern and central Europe from the 15th century until the middle of the 18th century.
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Tanush Thopia
Tanush Thopia (Tanusas Thopius, d. 1467) was an Albanian nobleman and one of the closest collaborators of George Kastrioti Skanderbeg.
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Taranto
Taranto (early Tarento from Tarentum; Tarantino: Tarde; translit; label) is a coastal city in Apulia, Southern Italy.
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The Great Warrior Skanderbeg
The Great Warrior Skanderbeg (Luftëtari i math i Shqipërisë Skënderbeu; Velikiy voin Albanii Skanderbeg) is a 1953 Soviet-Albanian biopic directed by Sergei Yutkevich.
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The Mountain Wreath
The Mountain Wreath (Горски вијенац (Gorski vijenac)) is a poem and a play written by Prince-Bishop and poet Petar II Petrović-Njegoš.
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Thomas Whincop
Thomas Whincop (2 June 1697 – 1730) was an English compiler of theatrical history.
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Thopia family
Thopia family was one of the most powerful Albanian feudal families in the Late Middle Ages.
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Timar
A timar was land granted by the Ottoman sultans between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries, with a tax revenue annual value of less than 20 000 akçes.
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Timeline of Skanderbeg
This timeline lists important events relevant to the life of George Kastrioti Skanderbeg (6 May 1405 – 17 January 1468), widely known as Skanderbeg.
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Trani
Trani is a seaport of Apulia, in southern Italy, on the Adriatic Sea, by railway West-Northwest of Bari.
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Treaty of Gaeta
The Treaty of Gaeta was a political treaty signed in Gaeta on March 26, 1451, between Alfonso V for the Kingdom of Naples and Stefan, Bishop of Krujë, and Nikollë de Berguçi, ambassadors of Skanderbeg.
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Trevi Fountain
The Trevi Fountain (Fontana di Trevi) is a fountain in the Trevi district in Rome, Italy, designed by Italian architect Nicola Salvi and completed by Giuseppe Pannini.
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Turahanoğlu Ömer Bey
Turahanoğlu Ömer Bey (Ὀμάρης or Ἀμάρης;PLP 21056 1435–1484) was an Ottoman general and governor.
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Uffizi
The Uffizi Gallery (italic) is a prominent art museum located adjacent to the Piazza della Signoria in the Historic Centre of Florence in the region of Tuscany, Italy.
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Ulcinj
Ulcinj (Montenegrin Cyrillic: Улцињ,; Albanian: Ulqin or Ulqini) is a town on the southern coast of Montenegro and the capital of Ulcinj Municipality.
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United States Congress
The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the Federal government of the United States.
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Vali (governor)
Wāli or vali (from Arabic والي Wāli) is an administrative title that was used during the Caliphate and Ottoman Empire to designate governors of administrative divisions.
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Venetian Albania
Venetian Albania (Albania Veneta) was the name for the possessions of the Republic of Venice on the Southeastern Adriatic coast (southernmost Dalmatia) that existed from 1420 to 1797.
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Venetian Senate
The Venetian Senate (Senato), formally the Consiglio dei Pregadi ("Council of the Invited", Consilium Rogatorum), was the main deliberative and legislative body of the Republic of Venice.
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Vettore Cappello
Vettore Cappello (Vettor Cappello; –1467) was a merchant, statesman and military commander of the Republic of Venice.
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Viceroy
A viceroy is a regal official who runs a country, colony, city, province, or sub-national state, in the name of and as the representative of the monarch of the territory.
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Vilayet
The Vilayets of the Ottoman Empire were the first-order administrative division, or provinces, of the later empire, introduced with the promulgation of the Vilayet Law (Teşkil-i Vilayet Nizamnamesi) of 21 January 1867.
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Vlachs
Vlachs (or, or rarely), also Wallachians (and many other variants), is a historical term from the Middle Ages which designates an exonym (a name given by foreigners) used mostly for the Romanians who lived north and south of the Danube.
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Vlad the Impaler
Vlad III, known as Vlad the Impaler (Vlad Țepeș) or Vlad Dracula (1428/311476/77), was voivode (or prince) of Wallachia three times between 1448 and his death.
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Vladan Jurica
Vladan Jurica (d. April, 1465) was Skanderbeg's main advisor during Skanderbeg's rebellion.
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Vladislav II of Wallachia
Vladislav II (died c. August 20, 1456) was a Voivode or ruler of the principality of Wallachia, from 1447 to 1448, and again from 1448 to 1456.The way Vladislav II came to the throne is debatable.
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Vlorë
Vlorë is the third most populous city of the Republic of Albania.
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Voisava
Voisava (1402–05) was the wife of Gjon Kastrioti (1386–d. 1437), an Albanian nobleman with whom she had nine children, one of whom was the most powerful Albanian nobleman in history, regarded a national hero, George Kastrioti "Skanderbeg" (1405–1468).
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Voltaire
François-Marie Arouet (21 November 1694 – 30 May 1778), known by his nom de plume Voltaire, was a French Enlightenment writer, historian and philosopher famous for his wit, his attacks on Christianity as a whole, especially the established Catholic Church, and his advocacy of freedom of religion, freedom of speech and separation of church and state.
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Vrana Konti
Count Vrana (1450–1458†) was a Napolitan nobleman, who received the title of conte (count) by King Alfonso the Magnanimous and later became one of the closest allies of George Kastrioti "Skanderbeg" in Albania.
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Wallachia
Wallachia or Walachia (Țara Românească; archaic: Țeara Rumânească, Romanian Cyrillic alphabet: Цѣра Рȣмѫнѣскъ) is a historical and geographical region of Romania.
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Western Europe
Western Europe is the region comprising the western part of Europe.
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William the Silent
William I, Prince of Orange (24 April 1533 – 10 July 1584), also widely known as William the Silent or William the Taciturn (translated from Willem de Zwijger), or more commonly known as William of Orange (Willem van Oranje), was the main leader of the Dutch revolt against the Spanish Habsburgs that set off the Eighty Years' War (1568–1648) and resulted in the formal independence of the United Provinces in 1581.
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Year of Skanderbeg
The Year of Skanderbeg is a nationwide commemorative year in Albania which coincides with the 550th anniversary of the death of the Albanian national hero, Skanderbeg.
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Zaharia family
The Zaharia family was an Albanian noble family that appears for the first time mentioned in the 14th century.
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Zenevisi family
The Zenevisi or Zenebishi (1304–1460) was a medieval noble family in southern Albania that served the Angevins, Venetians and Ottomans, and at times was also independent.
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100th Anniversary of the Independence of Albania
The 100th Anniversary of the Independence of Albania was a yearlong celebration in 2012 when Albanians celebrated the 100th anniversary of establishing independent Albania, the first Albanian state in modern history.
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1954 Cannes Film Festival
The 7th Cannes Film Festival was held from 25 March to 9 April 1954.
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21st Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Skanderbeg
The 21st Waffen Mountain Division of the SS "Skanderbeg" (1st Albanian) was a German mountain infantry division of the Waffen-SS, the armed wing of the German Nazi Party that served alongside, but was never formally part of, the Wehrmacht during World War II.
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Redirects here:
Castriota Scanderbeg, Fjalimi I SKenderbeut, George Castriota, George Kastriot Skanderbeg, George Kastriota, George Kastrioti, George Kastrioti Skanderbeg, George Kastriotis, Gjergi Kastrioti Skandenberg, Gjergj Kastriot, Gjergj Kastriot Scanderbeg, Gjergj Kastriot Skanderbeg, Gjergj Kastriot Skenderbeu, Gjergj Kastriot Skënderbeu, Gjergj Kastrioti, Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg, Gjergj Kastrioti Skenderbeg, Gjergj Kastrioti Skenderbeu, Gjergj Kastrioti Skënderbeu, Gjergj Kastrioti-Skenderbeu, Gjergj Skanderbeg, Gjerj Kastrioti, Gjorj Kastrioti Skanderbeg, Iskandar Bey, Iskander Bey, Iskender Beg, Iskender Bey, Scanderbeg, Skanderbeg Ivanović, Skanderbegh, Skanderberg, Skenderbeg, Skenderbeu, Skënderbeg, Skënderbeu, İskender Beg, İskender Bey.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skanderbeg
