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148 relations: Absolute magnitude, Andromeda Galaxy, Angular resolution, Antennae Galaxies, Aperture, Apparent magnitude, Apsis, Astronomical unit, Astronomy (magazine), Binary star, Black hole, Blue straggler, Bulge (astronomy), Central processing unit, Cepheid variable, Charles Messier, Color index, Cosmic distance ladder, Dark globular cluster, Distance modulus, Dwarf elliptical galaxy, Dwarf galaxy, Dwarf spheroidal galaxy, Edmond Halley, Effective radius, Elliptical galaxy, Escape velocity, ESO 280-SC06, Fokker–Planck equation, Galactic Center, Galactic halo, Galaxy, Galaxy cluster, Galaxy formation and evolution, Gaussian function, GCl 38, Giant planet, Giant star, Giovanni Domenico Maraldi, Gottfried Kirch, Gravity, Harlow Shapley, Helen Sawyer Hogg, Henrietta Hill Swope, Hertzsprung–Russell diagram, Hill sphere, Hubble Space Telescope, Hubble's law, Interacting galaxy, Intermediate-mass black hole, ..., Interstellar medium, Jean-Philippe de Chéseaux, Johann Abraham Ihle, John Louis Emil Dreyer, Kinetic energy, Large Magellanic Cloud, Latin, Lenticular galaxy, Leonard–Merritt mass estimator, Light-year, List of globular clusters, Local Group, Main sequence, Mass segregation (astronomy), Mayall II, Messier 13, Messier 15, Messier 2, Messier 22, Messier 3, Messier 4, Messier 5, Messier 55, Messier 69, Messier 71, Messier 87, Metallicity, Milky Way, Millisecond pulsar, Minute and second of arc, Molecular cloud, Monte Carlo method, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, N-body problem, Netherlands, New General Catalogue, NGC 2419, NGC 4833, NGC 6397, Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille, Omega Centauri, Open cluster, Orbital decay, Orbital eccentricity, Orbital inclination, Order of magnitude, Palomar 12, Palomar 5, Parsec, Physical cosmology, Pieter Oosterhoff, Planetary habitability, Plummer model, Polytrope, Power law, PSR B1620-26, Pulsar, Radio, Relaxation (physics), Retrograde and prograde motion, Rogue planet, Roman numerals, RR Lyrae, RR Lyrae variable, Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy, Satellite, Scorpius, Shapley–Sawyer Concentration Class, Small Magellanic Cloud, Solar mass, Solar System, Spectral line, Sphere, Spheroid, Spiral galaxy, Star, Star cluster, Starburst region, Stellar evolution, Stellar nucleosynthesis, Sun, Super star cluster, Supermassive black hole, Surface brightness, Telescope, Temperature, Terrestrial planet, Terzan 7, The Astronomical Journal, Tidal force, Tidal shock, Variable star, Westerlund 1, William Herschel, X-ray, X-ray binary, 1,000,000,000, 47 Tucanae. Expand index (98 more) »
Absolute magnitude
Absolute magnitude is a measure of the luminosity of a celestial object, on a logarithmic astronomical magnitude scale.
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Andromeda Galaxy
The Andromeda Galaxy, also known as Messier 31, M31, or NGC 224, is a spiral galaxy approximately 780 kiloparsecs (2.5 million light-years) from Earth, and the nearest major galaxy to the Milky Way.
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Angular resolution
Angular resolution or spatial resolution describes the ability of any image-forming device such as an optical or radio telescope, a microscope, a camera, or an eye, to distinguish small details of an object, thereby making it a major determinant of image resolution.
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Antennae Galaxies
The Antennae Galaxies, also known as NGC 4038/NGC 4039, are a pair of interacting galaxies in the constellation Corvus.
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Aperture
In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels.
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Apparent magnitude
The apparent magnitude of a celestial object is a number that is a measure of its brightness as seen by an observer on Earth.
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Apsis
An apsis (ἁψίς; plural apsides, Greek: ἁψῖδες) is an extreme point in the orbit of an object.
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Astronomical unit
The astronomical unit (symbol: au, ua, or AU) is a unit of length, roughly the distance from Earth to the Sun.
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Astronomy (magazine)
Astronomy is a monthly American magazine about astronomy.
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Binary star
A binary star is a star system consisting of two stars orbiting around their common barycenter.
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Black hole
A black hole is a region of spacetime exhibiting such strong gravitational effects that nothing—not even particles and electromagnetic radiation such as light—can escape from inside it.
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Blue straggler
A blue straggler is a main-sequence star in an open or globular cluster that is more luminous and bluer than stars at the main-sequence turn-off point for the cluster.
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Bulge (astronomy)
In astronomy, a bulge is a tightly packed group of stars within a larger formation.
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Central processing unit
A central processing unit (CPU) is the electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logical, control and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions.
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Cepheid variable
A Cepheid variable is a type of star that pulsates radially, varying in both diameter and temperature and producing changes in brightness with a well-defined stable period and amplitude.
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Charles Messier
Charles Messier (26 June 1730 – 12 April 1817) was a French astronomer most notable for publishing an astronomical catalogue consisting of nebulae and star clusters that came to be known as the 110 "Messier objects".
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Color index
In astronomy, the color index is a simple numerical expression that determines the color of an object, which in the case of a star gives its temperature.
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Cosmic distance ladder
The cosmic distance ladder (also known as the extragalactic distance scale) is the succession of methods by which astronomers determine the distances to celestial objects.
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Dark globular cluster
Dark globular cluster is a proposed type of globular star clusters that has an unusually high mass for the number of stars within it.
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Distance modulus
The distance modulus is a way of expressing distances that is often used in astronomy.
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Dwarf elliptical galaxy
Dwarf elliptical galaxies, or dEs, are elliptical galaxies that are smaller than ordinary elliptical galaxies.
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Dwarf galaxy
A dwarf galaxy is a small galaxy composed of about 100 million up to several billion stars, a small number compared to the Milky Way's 200–400 billion stars.
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Dwarf spheroidal galaxy
A dwarf spheroidal galaxy (dSph) is a term in astronomy applied to small, low-luminosity galaxies with very little dust and an older stellar population.
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Edmond Halley
Edmond (or Edmund) Halley, FRS (–) was an English astronomer, geophysicist, mathematician, meteorologist, and physicist.
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Effective radius
The effective radius (R_e) of a galaxy is the radius at which half of the total light of the system is emitted.
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Elliptical galaxy
An elliptical galaxy is a type of galaxy having an approximately ellipsoidal shape and a smooth, nearly featureless image.
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Escape velocity
In physics, escape velocity is the minimum speed needed for an object to escape from the gravitational influence of a massive body.
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ESO 280-SC06
ESO 280-SC06 (also known as ESO 280-6) is a globular cluster 69,800 light years from the Sun in the constellation of Ara.
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Fokker–Planck equation
In statistical mechanics, the Fokker–Planck equation is a partial differential equation that describes the time evolution of the probability density function of the velocity of a particle under the influence of drag forces and random forces, as in Brownian motion.
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Galactic Center
The Galactic Center is the rotational center of the Milky Way.
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Galactic halo
A galactic halo is an extended, roughly spherical component of a galaxy which extends beyond the main, visible component.
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Galaxy
A galaxy is a gravitationally bound system of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter.
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Galaxy cluster
A galaxy cluster, or cluster of galaxies, is a structure that consists of anywhere from hundreds to thousands of galaxies that are bound together by gravity with typical masses ranging from 1014–1015 solar masses.
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Galaxy formation and evolution
The study of galaxy formation and evolution is concerned with the processes that formed a heterogeneous universe from a homogeneous beginning, the formation of the first galaxies, the way galaxies change over time, and the processes that have generated the variety of structures observed in nearby galaxies.
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Gaussian function
In mathematics, a Gaussian function, often simply referred to as a Gaussian, is a function of the form: for arbitrary real constants, and.
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GCl 38
GCl 38 is a globular cluster located in the constellation Hercules.
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Giant planet
A giant planet is any massive planet.
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Giant star
A giant star is a star with substantially larger radius and luminosity than a main-sequence (or dwarf) star of the same surface temperature.
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Giovanni Domenico Maraldi
Giovanni Domenico Maraldi (17 April 1709 – 14 November 1788) was an Italian-born astronomer, nephew of Giacomo F. Maraldi.
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Gottfried Kirch
Gottfried Kirch (Kirche, Kirkius) (December 18, 1639 – July 25, 1710) was a German astronomer and the first 'Astronomer Royal' in Berlin and, as such, director of the nascent Berlin Observatory.
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Gravity
Gravity, or gravitation, is a natural phenomenon by which all things with mass or energy—including planets, stars, galaxies, and even light—are brought toward (or gravitate toward) one another.
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Harlow Shapley
Harlow Shapley (November 2, 1885 – October 20, 1972) was a 20th-century American scientist, head of the Harvard College Observatory (1921–1952), and political activist during the latter New Deal and Fair Deal.
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Helen Sawyer Hogg
Helen Battles Sawyer Hogg, CC (1 August 1905 – 28 January 1993) was an astronomer noted for pioneering research into globular clusters and variable stars.
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Henrietta Hill Swope
Henrietta Hill Swope (October 26, 1902 – November 24, 1980) was an American astronomer who studied variable stars.
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Hertzsprung–Russell diagram
The Hertzsprung–Russell diagram, abbreviated H–R diagram, HR diagram or HRD, is a scatter plot of stars showing the relationship between the stars' absolute magnitudes or luminosities versus their stellar classifications or effective temperatures.
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Hill sphere
An astronomical body's Hill sphere is the region in which it dominates the attraction of satellites.
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Hubble Space Telescope
The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is a space telescope that was launched into low Earth orbit in 1990 and remains in operation.
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Hubble's law
Hubble's law is the name for the observation in physical cosmology that.
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Interacting galaxy
Interacting galaxies (colliding galaxies) are galaxies whose gravitational fields result in a disturbance of one another.
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Intermediate-mass black hole
An intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) is a class of black hole with mass in the range 102-105 solar masses: significantly more than stellar black holes but less than the 105-109 solar mass supermassive black holes.
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Interstellar medium
In astronomy, the interstellar medium (ISM) is the matter and radiation that exists in the space between the star systems in a galaxy.
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Jean-Philippe de Chéseaux
Jean-Philippe Loys de Chéseaux (May 4, 1718 in Lausanne – November 30, 1751) was an astronomer from Lausanne in Switzerland.
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Johann Abraham Ihle
Johann Abraham Ihle (June 14, 1627 – c.1699) was a German amateur astronomer who discovered the first known globular cluster, M22, on August 26, 1665 while observing Saturn in Sagittarius.
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John Louis Emil Dreyer
John Louis Emil Dreyer (February 13, 1852 – September 14, 1926) was a Danish-Irish astronomer.
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Kinetic energy
In physics, the kinetic energy of an object is the energy that it possesses due to its motion.
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Large Magellanic Cloud
The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way.
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Latin
Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
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Lenticular galaxy
A lenticular galaxy (denoted S0) is a type of galaxy intermediate between an elliptical (denoted E) and a spiral galaxy in galaxy morphological classification schemes.
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Leonard–Merritt mass estimator
The Leonard–Merritt mass estimator is a formula for estimating the mass of a spherical stellar system using the apparent (angular) positions and proper motions of its component stars.
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Light-year
The light-year is a unit of length used to express astronomical distances and measures about 9.5 trillion kilometres or 5.9 trillion miles.
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List of globular clusters
This is a list of globular clusters.
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Local Group
The Local Group is the galaxy group that includes the Milky Way.
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Main sequence
In astronomy, the main sequence is a continuous and distinctive band of stars that appear on plots of stellar color versus brightness.
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Mass segregation (astronomy)
In astronomy, dynamical mass segregation is the process by which heavier members of a gravitationally bound system, such as a star cluster or cluster of galaxies, tend to move toward the center, while lighter members tend to move farther away from the center.
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Mayall II
Mayall II, also known as NGC-224-G1, SKHB 1, GSC 2788:2139, HBK 0-1, M31GC J003247+393440 or Andromeda's Cluster, is a globular cluster orbiting M31, the Andromeda Galaxy.
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Messier 13
Messier 13 (M13), also designated NGC 6205 and sometimes called the Great Globular Cluster in Hercules or the Hercules Globular Cluster, is a globular cluster of several hundred thousand stars in the constellation of Hercules.
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Messier 15
Messier 15 or M15 (also designated NGC 7078) is a globular cluster in the constellation Pegasus.
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Messier 2
Messier 2 or M2 (also designated NGC 7089) is a globular cluster in the constellation Aquarius, five degrees north of the star Beta Aquarii.
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Messier 22
Messier 22 (also known as M22 or NGC 6656) is an elliptical globular cluster in the constellation Sagittarius, near the Galactic bulge region.
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Messier 3
Messier 3 (M3 or NGC 5272) is a globular cluster of stars in the northern constellation of Canes Venatici.
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Messier 4
Messier 4 or M4 (also designated NGC 6121) is a globular cluster in the constellation of Scorpius.
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Messier 5
Messier 5 or M5 (also designated NGC 5904) is a globular cluster in the constellation Serpens.
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Messier 55
Messier 55 (also known as M55 or NGC 6809) is a globular cluster in the constellation Sagittarius.
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Messier 69
Messier 69 (also known as M69 or NGC 6637) is a globular cluster in the constellation Sagittarius.
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Messier 71
Messier 71 (also known as M71 or NGC 6838) is a globular cluster in the constellation Sagitta.
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Messier 87
Messier 87 (also known as Virgo A or NGC 4486, generally abbreviated to M87) is a supergiant elliptical galaxy in the constellation Virgo.
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Metallicity
In astronomy, metallicity is used to describe the abundance of elements present in an object that are heavier than hydrogen or helium.
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Milky Way
The Milky Way is the galaxy that contains our Solar System.
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Millisecond pulsar
A millisecond pulsar (MSP) is a pulsar with a rotational period in the range of about 1–10 milliseconds.
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Minute and second of arc
A minute of arc, arcminute (arcmin), arc minute, or minute arc is a unit of angular measurement equal to of one degree.
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Molecular cloud
A molecular cloud, sometimes called a stellar nursery (if star formation is occurring within), is a type of interstellar cloud, the density and size of which permit the formation of molecules, most commonly molecular hydrogen (H2).
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Monte Carlo method
Monte Carlo methods (or Monte Carlo experiments) are a broad class of computational algorithms that rely on repeated random sampling to obtain numerical results.
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Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research in astronomy and astrophysics.
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N-body problem
In physics, the -body problem is the problem of predicting the individual motions of a group of celestial objects interacting with each other gravitationally.
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Netherlands
The Netherlands (Nederland), often referred to as Holland, is a country located mostly in Western Europe with a population of seventeen million.
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New General Catalogue
The New General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars (abbreviated as NGC) is a catalogue of deep-sky objects compiled by John Louis Emil Dreyer in 1888.
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NGC 2419
NGC 2419 (also known as Caldwell 25) is a globular cluster in the constellation Lynx.
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NGC 4833
NGC 4833 (also known as Caldwell 105) is a globular cluster discovered by Abbe Lacaille during his 1751-1752 journey to South Africa, and catalogued in 1755.
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NGC 6397
NGC 6397, also known as Caldwell 86, is a globular cluster in the constellation Ara.
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Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille
Abbé Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille, formerly sometimes spelled de la Caille, (15 March 1713 – 21 March 1762) was a French astronomer.
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Omega Centauri
Omega Centauri (ω Cen or NGC 5139) is a globular cluster in the constellation of Centaurus that was first identified as a non-stellar object by Edmond Halley in 1677.
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Open cluster
An open cluster is a group of up to a few thousand stars that were formed from the same giant molecular cloud and have roughly the same age.
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Orbital decay
In orbital mechanics, decay is a process that leads to gradual decrease of the distance between two orbiting bodies at their closest approach (the periapsis) over many orbital periods.
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Orbital eccentricity
The orbital eccentricity of an astronomical object is a parameter that determines the amount by which its orbit around another body deviates from a perfect circle.
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Orbital inclination
Orbital inclination measures the tilt of an object's orbit around a celestial body.
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Order of magnitude
An order of magnitude is an approximate measure of the number of digits that a number has in the commonly-used base-ten number system.
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Palomar 12
Palomar 12 is a globular cluster in the constellation Capricornus.
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Palomar 5
Palomar 5 is a globular cluster discovered by Walter Baade in 1950.
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Parsec
The parsec (symbol: pc) is a unit of length used to measure large distances to astronomical objects outside the Solar System.
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Physical cosmology
Physical cosmology is the study of the largest-scale structures and dynamics of the Universe and is concerned with fundamental questions about its origin, structure, evolution, and ultimate fate.
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Pieter Oosterhoff
Pieter Theodorus Oosterhoff (30 March 1904, Leeuwarden - 14 March 1978, Leiden) was a Dutch astronomer.
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Planetary habitability
Planetary habitability is the measure of a planet's or a natural satellite's potential to have habitable environments hospitable to life, or its ability to generate life endogenously.
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Plummer model
The Plummer model or Plummer sphere is a density law that was first used by H. C. Plummer to fit observations of globular clusters.
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Polytrope
In astrophysics, a polytrope refers to a solution of the Lane–Emden equation in which the pressure depends upon the density in the form where is pressure, is density and is a constant of proportionality.
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Power law
In statistics, a power law is a functional relationship between two quantities, where a relative change in one quantity results in a proportional relative change in the other quantity, independent of the initial size of those quantities: one quantity varies as a power of another.
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PSR B1620-26
PSR B1620-26 is a binary star system located at a distance of 3,800 parsecs (12,400 light-years) in the globular cluster of Messier 4 (M4, NGC 6121) in the constellation of Scorpius.
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Pulsar
A pulsar (from pulse and -ar as in quasar) is a highly magnetized rotating neutron star or white dwarf that emits a beam of electromagnetic radiation.
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Radio
Radio is the technology of using radio waves to carry information, such as sound, by systematically modulating properties of electromagnetic energy waves transmitted through space, such as their amplitude, frequency, phase, or pulse width.
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Relaxation (physics)
In the physical sciences, relaxation usually means the return of a perturbed system into equilibrium.
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Retrograde and prograde motion
Retrograde motion in astronomy is, in general, orbital or rotational motion of an object in the direction opposite the rotation of its primary, that is the central object (right figure).
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Rogue planet
A rogue planet (also termed an interstellar planet, nomad planet, free-floating planet, orphan planet, wandering planet, starless planet, or sunless planet) is a planetary-mass object that orbits a galactic center directly.
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Roman numerals
The numeric system represented by Roman numerals originated in ancient Rome and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages.
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RR Lyrae
RR Lyrae is a variable star in the Lyra constellation, located near the border with the neighboring constellation of Cygnus.
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RR Lyrae variable
RR Lyrae variables are periodic variable stars, commonly found in globular clusters.
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Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy
The Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy (Sgr dSph), also known as the Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy (Sgr dE or Sag DEG), is an elliptical loop-shaped satellite galaxy of the Milky Way.
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Satellite
In the context of spaceflight, a satellite is an artificial object which has been intentionally placed into orbit.
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Scorpius
Scorpius is one of the constellations of the zodiac.
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Shapley–Sawyer Concentration Class
The Shapley–Sawyer Concentration Class is a classification system on a scale of one to twelve using Roman numerals for globular clusters according to their concentration.
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Small Magellanic Cloud
The Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), or Nubecula Minor, is a dwarf galaxy near the Milky Way.
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Solar mass
The solar mass is a standard unit of mass in astronomy, equal to approximately.
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Solar System
The Solar SystemCapitalization of the name varies.
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Spectral line
A spectral line is a dark or bright line in an otherwise uniform and continuous spectrum, resulting from emission or absorption of light in a narrow frequency range, compared with the nearby frequencies.
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Sphere
A sphere (from Greek σφαῖρα — sphaira, "globe, ball") is a perfectly round geometrical object in three-dimensional space that is the surface of a completely round ball (viz., analogous to the circular objects in two dimensions, where a "circle" circumscribes its "disk").
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Spheroid
A spheroid, or ellipsoid of revolution, is a quadric surface obtained by rotating an ellipse about one of its principal axes; in other words, an ellipsoid with two equal semi-diameters.
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Spiral galaxy
Spiral galaxies form a class of galaxy originally described by Edwin Hubble in his 1936 work The Realm of the Nebulae(pp. 124–151) and, as such, form part of the Hubble sequence.
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Star
A star is type of astronomical object consisting of a luminous spheroid of plasma held together by its own gravity.
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Star cluster
Star clusters are groups of stars.
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Starburst region
A starburst is an astrophysical process that involves star formation occurring at a rate that is large compared to the rate that is typically observed.
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Stellar evolution
Stellar evolution is the process by which a star changes over the course of time.
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Stellar nucleosynthesis
Stellar nucleosynthesis is the theory explaining the creation (nucleosynthesis) of chemical elements by nuclear fusion reactions between atoms within the stars.
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Sun
The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System.
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Super star cluster
A super star cluster (SSC) is a very massive young open cluster that is thought to be the precursor of a globular cluster.
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Supermassive black hole
A supermassive black hole (SMBH or SBH) is the largest type of black hole, on the order of hundreds of thousands to billions of solar masses, and is found in the centre of almost all currently known massive galaxies.
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Surface brightness
In astronomy, surface brightness quantifies the apparent brightness or flux density per unit angular area of a spatially extended object such as a galaxy or nebula, or of the night sky background.
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Telescope
A telescope is an optical instrument that aids in the observation of remote objects by collecting electromagnetic radiation (such as visible light).
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Temperature
Temperature is a physical quantity expressing hot and cold.
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Terrestrial planet
A terrestrial planet, telluric planet, or rocky planet is a planet that is composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals.
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Terzan 7
Terzan 7 is a sparse and young globular cluster that is believed to have originated in the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy (Sag DEG) and is physically associated with it.
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The Astronomical Journal
The Astronomical Journal (often abbreviated AJ in scientific papers and references) is a peer-reviewed monthly scientific journal owned by the American Astronomical Society and currently published by IOP Publishing.
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Tidal force
The tidal force is an apparent force that stretches a body towards the center of mass of another body due to a gradient (difference in strength) in gravitational field from the other body; it is responsible for the diverse phenomena, including tides, tidal locking, breaking apart of celestial bodies and formation of ring systems within Roche limit, and in extreme cases, spaghettification of objects.
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Tidal shock
A tidal shock occurs when a star cluster or other distributed astronomical object passes by a large mass such as an interstellar cloud, resulting in gravitational perturbation on a time scale that is much less than the mean time for a star to complete an orbit within the cluster.
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Variable star
A variable star is a star whose brightness as seen from Earth (its apparent magnitude) fluctuates.
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Westerlund 1
Westerlund 1 (abbreviated Wd1, sometimes called Ara Cluster) is a compact young super star cluster in the Milky Way galaxy, about 3.5–5 kpc away from Earth.
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William Herschel
Frederick William Herschel, (Friedrich Wilhelm Herschel; 15 November 1738 – 25 August 1822) was a German-born British astronomer, composer and brother of fellow astronomer Caroline Herschel, with whom he worked.
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X-ray
X-rays make up X-radiation, a form of electromagnetic radiation.
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X-ray binary
X-ray binaries are a class of binary stars that are luminous in X-rays.
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1,000,000,000
1,000,000,000 (one billion, short scale; one thousand million or milliard, yard, long scale) is the natural number following 999,999,999 and preceding 1,000,000,001.
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47 Tucanae
47 Tucanae, 47 Tuc (or NGC 104) is a globular cluster located in the constellation Tucana.
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Redirects here:
Core collapse (cluster), Globular, Globular Cluster, Globular Clusters, Globular clusters, Globular star cluster, Globular star clusters, Oosterhoff type I, Planets in globular clusters, Tidal radius (cluster).
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globular_cluster
