Faster access than browser!
52 relations: Algonquian languages, American Revolutionary War, Christian Munsee, Continental Army, Coshocton, Ohio, Crawford expedition, Daniel Brodhead IV, David Williamson (Pennsylvania), David Zeisberger, Fort Detroit, Fort Pitt (Pennsylvania), George Morgan (merchant), George Washington, Gnadenhutten, Ohio, Historical Collections of Ohio, Iroquois, John Heckewelder, Johns Hopkins University Press, Kent State University, Lake Erie, Lenape, Michigan, Militia (United States), Missionary, Moravian Church, Munsee, Muskingum River, National Register of Historic Places, Ohio Country, Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, Religious conversion, Sandusky River, Scalping, Scioto River, Smallpox, Spirit of the Border, Tecumseh, Theodore Roosevelt, Treason, Treaty of Fort Pitt, Tribal chief, Tuscarawas River, Unami language, Upper Sandusky, Ohio, Western theater of the American Revolutionary War, White Eyes, William Crawford (soldier), William Dean Howells, William Henry Harrison, ..., Wyandot people, Zane Grey. Expand index (2 more) »
Algonquian languages
The Algonquian languages (or; also Algonkian) are a subfamily of Native American languages which includes most of the languages in the Algic language family.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and Algonquian languages · See more »
American Revolutionary War
The American Revolutionary War (17751783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a global war that began as a conflict between Great Britain and its Thirteen Colonies which declared independence as the United States of America. After 1765, growing philosophical and political differences strained the relationship between Great Britain and its colonies. Patriot protests against taxation without representation followed the Stamp Act and escalated into boycotts, which culminated in 1773 with the Sons of Liberty destroying a shipment of tea in Boston Harbor. Britain responded by closing Boston Harbor and passing a series of punitive measures against Massachusetts Bay Colony. Massachusetts colonists responded with the Suffolk Resolves, and they established a shadow government which wrested control of the countryside from the Crown. Twelve colonies formed a Continental Congress to coordinate their resistance, establishing committees and conventions that effectively seized power. British attempts to disarm the Massachusetts militia at Concord, Massachusetts in April 1775 led to open combat. Militia forces then besieged Boston, forcing a British evacuation in March 1776, and Congress appointed George Washington to command the Continental Army. Concurrently, an American attempt to invade Quebec and raise rebellion against the British failed decisively. On July 2, 1776, the Continental Congress voted for independence, issuing its declaration on July 4. Sir William Howe launched a British counter-offensive, capturing New York City and leaving American morale at a low ebb. However, victories at Trenton and Princeton restored American confidence. In 1777, the British launched an invasion from Quebec under John Burgoyne, intending to isolate the New England Colonies. Instead of assisting this effort, Howe took his army on a separate campaign against Philadelphia, and Burgoyne was decisively defeated at Saratoga in October 1777. Burgoyne's defeat had drastic consequences. France formally allied with the Americans and entered the war in 1778, and Spain joined the war the following year as an ally of France but not as an ally of the United States. In 1780, the Kingdom of Mysore attacked the British in India, and tensions between Great Britain and the Netherlands erupted into open war. In North America, the British mounted a "Southern strategy" led by Charles Cornwallis which hinged upon a Loyalist uprising, but too few came forward. Cornwallis suffered reversals at King's Mountain and Cowpens. He retreated to Yorktown, Virginia, intending an evacuation, but a decisive French naval victory deprived him of an escape. A Franco-American army led by the Comte de Rochambeau and Washington then besieged Cornwallis' army and, with no sign of relief, he surrendered in October 1781. Whigs in Britain had long opposed the pro-war Tories in Parliament, and the surrender gave them the upper hand. In early 1782, Parliament voted to end all offensive operations in North America, but the war continued in Europe and India. Britain remained under siege in Gibraltar but scored a major victory over the French navy. On September 3, 1783, the belligerent parties signed the Treaty of Paris in which Great Britain agreed to recognize the sovereignty of the United States and formally end the war. French involvement had proven decisive,Brooks, Richard (editor). Atlas of World Military History. HarperCollins, 2000, p. 101 "Washington's success in keeping the army together deprived the British of victory, but French intervention won the war." but France made few gains and incurred crippling debts. Spain made some minor territorial gains but failed in its primary aim of recovering Gibraltar. The Dutch were defeated on all counts and were compelled to cede territory to Great Britain. In India, the war against Mysore and its allies concluded in 1784 without any territorial changes.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and American Revolutionary War · See more »
Christian Munsee
The Christian Munsee were a group of Lenape native American Indians, primarily Munsee-speaking, who converted to Christianity, following the teachings of the Moravian missionaries.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and Christian Munsee · See more »
Continental Army
The Continental Army was formed by the Second Continental Congress after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies that became the United States of America.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and Continental Army · See more »
Coshocton, Ohio
Coshocton is a city in and the county seat of Coshocton County, Ohio, United States approximately 63 mi (102 km) ENE of Columbus.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and Coshocton, Ohio · See more »
Crawford expedition
The Crawford expedition, also known as the Sandusky expedition and Crawford's Defeat, was a 1782 campaign on the western front of the American Revolutionary War, and one of the final operations of the conflict. Led by Colonel William Crawford, the campaign's goal was to destroy enemy American Indian towns along the Sandusky River in the Ohio Country, with the hope of ending Indian attacks on American settlers. The expedition was one in a long series of raids against enemy settlements which both sides had conducted throughout the war. Crawford led about 500 volunteer militiamen, mostly from Pennsylvania, deep into American Indian territory, with the intention of surprising the Indians. The Indians and their British allies from Detroit had already learned of the expedition, however, and gathered a force to oppose the Americans. After a day of indecisive fighting near the Sandusky towns, the Americans found themselves surrounded and attempted to retreat. The retreat turned into a rout, but most of the Americans managed to find their way back to Pennsylvania. About 70 Americans were killed; Indian and British losses were minimal. During the retreat, Crawford and an unknown number of his men were captured. The Indians executed many of these captives in retaliation for the Gnadenhutten massacre that occurred earlier in the year, in which about 100 peaceful Indians were murdered by Pennsylvanian militiamen. Crawford's execution was particularly brutal: he was tortured for at least two hours before being burned at the stake. His execution was widely publicized in the United States, worsening the already-strained relationship between Native Americans and European Americans.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and Crawford expedition · See more »
Daniel Brodhead IV
Daniel Brodhead IV (October 17, 1736 – November 15, 1809) was an American military and political leader during the American Revolutionary War and early days of the United States.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and Daniel Brodhead IV · See more »
David Williamson (Pennsylvania)
David Williamson (1752–1814) was a Colonel in the Pennsylvania militia during the American Revolutionary War.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and David Williamson (Pennsylvania) · See more »
David Zeisberger
David Zeisberger (April 11, 1721 – November 17, 1808) was a Moravian clergyman and missionary among the Native Americans in the Thirteen Colonies.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and David Zeisberger · See more »
Fort Detroit
Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit or Fort Detroit was a fort established on the west bank of the Detroit River by the French officer Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac in 1701.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and Fort Detroit · See more »
Fort Pitt (Pennsylvania)
Fort Pitt was a fort built by British colonists during the Seven Years' War at the confluence of the Monongahela and Allegheny rivers, where the Ohio River is formed in western Pennsylvania (modern day Pittsburgh).
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and Fort Pitt (Pennsylvania) · See more »
George Morgan (merchant)
George Morgan (1743 – March 10, 1810) was a merchant, land speculator, and United States Indian agent during the American Revolutionary War, when he was given the rank of colonel in the Continental Army.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and George Morgan (merchant) · See more »
George Washington
George Washington (February 22, 1732 –, 1799), known as the "Father of His Country," was an American soldier and statesman who served from 1789 to 1797 as the first President of the United States.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and George Washington · See more »
Gnadenhutten, Ohio
Gnadenhutten is a village located on the Tuscarawas River in Tuscarawas County, Ohio, United States and is Ohio's oldest existing settlement.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and Gnadenhutten, Ohio · See more »
Historical Collections of Ohio
300px Historical Collections of Ohio is a work of history published in one volume in 1847 by Henry Howe (1816–1893).
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and Historical Collections of Ohio · See more »
Iroquois
The Iroquois or Haudenosaunee (People of the Longhouse) are a historically powerful northeast Native American confederacy.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and Iroquois · See more »
John Heckewelder
John Gottlieb Ernestus Heckewelder (March 12, 1743 – January 21, 1823) was an American missionary for the Moravian Church.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and John Heckewelder · See more »
Johns Hopkins University Press
The Johns Hopkins University Press (also referred to as JHU Press or JHUP) is the publishing division of Johns Hopkins University.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and Johns Hopkins University Press · See more »
Kent State University
Kent State University (KSU) is a large, primarily residential, public research university in Kent, Ohio, United States.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and Kent State University · See more »
Lake Erie
Lake Erie is the fourth-largest lake (by surface area) of the five Great Lakes in North America, and the eleventh-largest globally if measured in terms of surface area.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and Lake Erie · See more »
Lenape
The Lenape, also called the Leni Lenape, Lenni Lenape and Delaware people, are an indigenous people of the Northeastern Woodlands, who live in Canada and the United States.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and Lenape · See more »
Michigan
Michigan is a state in the Great Lakes and Midwestern regions of the United States.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and Michigan · See more »
Militia (United States)
The militia of the United States, as defined by the U.S. Congress, has changed over time.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and Militia (United States) · See more »
Missionary
A missionary is a member of a religious group sent into an area to proselytize and/or perform ministries of service, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care, and economic development.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and Missionary · See more »
Moravian Church
The Moravian Church, formally named the Unitas Fratrum (Latin for "Unity of the Brethren"), in German known as Brüdergemeine (meaning "Brethren's Congregation from Herrnhut", the place of the Church's renewal in the 18th century), is one of the oldest Protestant denominations in the world with its heritage dating back to the Bohemian Reformation in the fifteenth century and the Unity of the Brethren (Czech: Jednota bratrská) established in the Kingdom of Bohemia.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and Moravian Church · See more »
Munsee
The Munsee (or Minsi or Muncee) or mə́n'si·w are a subtribe of the Lenape, originally constituting one of the three great divisions of that nation and dwelling along the upper portion of the Delaware River, the Minisink, and the adjacent country in New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and Munsee · See more »
Muskingum River
The Muskingum River (Shawnee: Wakatamothiipi) is a tributary of the Ohio River, approximately 111 miles (179 km) long, in southeastern Ohio in the United States.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and Muskingum River · See more »
National Register of Historic Places
The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) is the United States federal government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation for their historical significance.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and National Register of Historic Places · See more »
Ohio Country
The Ohio Country (sometimes called the Ohio Territory or Ohio Valley by the French) was a name used in the 18th century for the regions of North America west of the Appalachian Mountains and in the region of the upper Ohio River south of Lake Erie.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and Ohio Country · See more »
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania (Pennsylvania German: Pennsylvaani or Pennsilfaani), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state located in the northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and Pennsylvania · See more »
Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh is a city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in the United States, and is the county seat of Allegheny County.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and Pittsburgh · See more »
Religious conversion
Religious conversion is the adoption of a set of beliefs identified with one particular religious denomination to the exclusion of others.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and Religious conversion · See more »
Sandusky River
The Sandusky River (Shawnee: Potakihiipi) is a tributary to Lake Erie in north-central Ohio in the United States.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and Sandusky River · See more »
Scalping
Scalping is the act of cutting or tearing a part of the human scalp, with hair attached, from the head of an enemy as a trophy.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and Scalping · See more »
Scioto River
The Scioto River is a river in central and southern Ohio more than 231 miles (372 km) in length.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and Scioto River · See more »
Smallpox
Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by one of two virus variants, Variola major and Variola minor.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and Smallpox · See more »
Spirit of the Border
Spirit of the Border is an historical novel written by Zane Grey, first published in 1906.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and Spirit of the Border · See more »
Tecumseh
Tecumseh (March 1768 – October 5, 1813) was a Native American Shawnee warrior and chief, who became the primary leader of a large, multi-tribal confederacy in the early 19th century.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and Tecumseh · See more »
Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt Jr. (October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919) was an American statesman and writer who served as the 26th President of the United States from 1901 to 1909.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and Theodore Roosevelt · See more »
Treason
In law, treason is the crime that covers some of the more extreme acts against one's nation or sovereign.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and Treason · See more »
Treaty of Fort Pitt
The Treaty of Fort Pitt — also known as the Treaty With the Delawares, the Delaware Treaty, or the Fourth Treaty of Pittsburgh, — was signed on September 17, 1778 and was the first written treaty between the new United States of America and any American Indians—the Lenape (Delaware Indians) in this case.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and Treaty of Fort Pitt · See more »
Tribal chief
A tribal chief is the leader of a tribal society or chiefdom.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and Tribal chief · See more »
Tuscarawas River
The Tuscarawas River is a principal tributary of the Muskingum River, 129.9 miles (209 km) long, in northeastern Ohio in the United States.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and Tuscarawas River · See more »
Unami language
Unami is an Algonquian language spoken by Lenape people in the late 17th-century and the early 18th-century, in what then was (or later became) the southern two-thirds of New Jersey, southeastern Pennsylvania and the northern two-thirds of Delaware, but later in Ontario and Oklahoma.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and Unami language · See more »
Upper Sandusky, Ohio
Upper Sandusky is a city and the county seat of Wyandot County, Ohio, United States, along the Sandusky River approximately 59 mi (96 km) south of Toledo and 62 mi (99 km) north of Columbus.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and Upper Sandusky, Ohio · See more »
Western theater of the American Revolutionary War
The Western theater of the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783) was the area of conflict west of the Appalachian Mountains, the region which became the Northwest Territory of the United States as well as the states of Kentucky, Tennessee, and Missouri.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and Western theater of the American Revolutionary War · See more »
White Eyes
White Eyes, named Koquethagechton (c. 1730 – 5 November 1778), was a leader of the Lenape (Delaware) people in the Ohio Country during the era of the American Revolution.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and White Eyes · See more »
William Crawford (soldier)
William Crawford (2 September 1722 – 11 June 1782) was an American soldier and surveyor who worked as a western land agent for George Washington.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and William Crawford (soldier) · See more »
William Dean Howells
William Dean Howells (March 1, 1837 – May 11, 1920) was an American realist novelist, literary critic, and playwright, nicknamed "The Dean of American Letters".
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and William Dean Howells · See more »
William Henry Harrison
William Henry Harrison Sr. (February 9, 1773 – April 4, 1841) was an American military officer, a principal contributor in the War of 1812, and the ninth President of the United States (1841).
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and William Henry Harrison · See more »
Wyandot people
The Wyandot people or Wendat, also called the Huron Nation and Huron people, in most historic references are believed to have been the most populous confederacy of Iroquoian cultured indigenous peoples of North America.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and Wyandot people · See more »
Zane Grey
Pearl Zane Grey (January 31, 1872 – October 23, 1939) was an American author and dentist best known for his popular adventure novels and stories associated with the Western genre in literature and the arts; he idealized the American frontier.
New!!: Gnadenhutten massacre and Zane Grey · See more »
Redirects here:
Gnaddenhutten Massacre, Gnadenhuetten massacre, Gnadenhutten Massacre, Gnadenhutten Massacre Site, Gnadenhütten massacre, Moravian Massacre.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnadenhutten_massacre
