118 relations: Accelerating expansion of the universe, Albert Einstein, Angular velocity, Annalen der Physik, Arthur Stanley Mackenzie, Astronomical unit, Astrophysics, C. V. Boys, Cavendish experiment, Celestial mechanics, Centimetre–gram–second system of units, Charles Hutton, Charles Marie de La Condamine, Committee on Data for Science and Technology, Cosmological constant, Day, Dimensionless physical constant, Dirac large numbers hypothesis, Distance, Earth, Earth mass, Earth radius, Earth's orbit, Edmond Halley, Edward Sabine, Einstein field equations, Einstein tensor, Einstein's constant, Electromagnetism, Electron, Electron rest mass, Empirical evidence, Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, Escape velocity, Ferdinand Reich, Force, Four-momentum, Francesco Carlini, French Geodesic Mission, Fundamental interaction, Fundamentals of Physics, Gaussian gravitational constant, General relativity, George Biddell Airy, Gravitational coupling constant, Gravitational lens, Gravitational potential, Gravitational wave, Gravity, Gravity of Earth, ..., Heat transfer coefficient, Henry Cavendish, Hollow Earth, International Astronomical Union, International System of Units, Inverse-square law, Isaac Newton, Jérôme Lalande, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, John Henry Poynting, John Michell, Karl Ferdinand Braun, Kepler's laws of planetary motion, Kilogram, Length, Lunar Laser Ranging experiment, Mass, Measurement uncertainty, Metre, Metric tensor, Moon, NASA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Newton's law of cooling, Newton's law of universal gravitation, Orbital mechanics, Order of magnitude, Parsec, Parts-per notation, Paul R. Heyl, PDF, Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Physical constant, Pierre Bouguer, Planck length, Planck mass, Planck time, Planck units, Planet, Proportionality (mathematics), Proton, Radian, Ricci curvature, Robert von Sterneck, Schiehallion experiment, Science (journal), Second, Semi-major and semi-minor axes, SI base unit, Solar mass, Solar radius, Solar time, Spacetime topology, Standard gravitational parameter, Standard gravity, Stress–energy tensor, Strong gravity, Sun, Thomas Corwin Mendenhall, Time, Time-variation of fundamental constants, Tropical year, Twist-beam rear suspension, Two-body problem, Type Ia supernova, Uncertainty, Viceroyalty of Peru. Expand index (68 more) »
Accelerating expansion of the universe
The accelerating expansion of the universe is the observation that the universe appears to be expanding at an increasing rate, so that the velocity at which a distant galaxy is receding from the observer is continuously increasing with time.
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Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics).
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Angular velocity
In physics, the angular velocity of a particle is the rate at which it rotates around a chosen center point: that is, the time rate of change of its angular displacement relative to the origin.
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Annalen der Physik
Annalen der Physik (English: Annals of Physics) is one of the oldest scientific journals on physics and has been published since 1799.
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Arthur Stanley Mackenzie
Arthur Stanley Mackenzie (September 20, 1865 – October 2, 1938) was a Canadian physicist and University President, born at Pictou, Nova Scotia, and educated at Dalhousie University, Halifax, and Johns Hopkins.
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Astronomical unit
The astronomical unit (symbol: au, ua, or AU) is a unit of length, roughly the distance from Earth to the Sun.
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Astrophysics
Astrophysics is the branch of astronomy that employs the principles of physics and chemistry "to ascertain the nature of the astronomical objects, rather than their positions or motions in space".
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C. V. Boys
Sir Charles Vernon Boys, FRS (15 March 1855 – 30 March 1944) was a British physicist, known for his careful and innovative experimental work.
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Cavendish experiment
The Cavendish experiment, performed in 1797–1798 by British scientist Henry Cavendish, was the first experiment to measure the force of gravity between masses in the laboratory and the first to yield accurate values for the gravitational constant.
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Celestial mechanics
Celestial mechanics is the branch of astronomy that deals with the motions of celestial objects.
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Centimetre–gram–second system of units
The centimetre–gram–second system of units (abbreviated CGS or cgs) is a variant of the metric system based on the centimetre as the unit of length, the gram as the unit of mass, and the second as the unit of time.
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Charles Hutton
Charles Hutton FRS FRSE LLD (14 August 1737 – 27 January 1823) was a British mathematician and surveyor.
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Charles Marie de La Condamine
Charles Marie de La Condamine (28 January 1701 – 4 February 1774) was a French explorer, geographer, and mathematician.
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Committee on Data for Science and Technology
The Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) was established in 1966 as an interdisciplinary committee of the International Council for Science.
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Cosmological constant
In cosmology, the cosmological constant (usually denoted by the Greek capital letter lambda: Λ) is the value of the energy density of the vacuum of space.
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Day
A day, a unit of time, is approximately the period of time during which the Earth completes one rotation with respect to the Sun (solar day).
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Dimensionless physical constant
In physics, a dimensionless physical constant, sometimes called a fundamental physical constant, is a physical constant that is dimensionless.
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Dirac large numbers hypothesis
The Dirac large numbers hypothesis (LNH) is an observation made by Paul Dirac in 1937 relating ratios of size scales in the Universe to that of force scales.
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Distance
Distance is a numerical measurement of how far apart objects are.
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Earth
Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.
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Earth mass
Earth mass (where ⊕ is the standard astronomical symbol for planet Earth) is the unit of mass equal to that of Earth.
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Earth radius
Earth radius is the approximate distance from Earth's center to its surface, about.
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Earth's orbit
Earth's orbit is the trajectory along which Earth travels around the Sun.
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Edmond Halley
Edmond (or Edmund) Halley, FRS (–) was an English astronomer, geophysicist, mathematician, meteorologist, and physicist.
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Edward Sabine
General Sir Edward Sabine (14 October 1788 – 26 June 1883) was an Irish astronomer, geophysicist, ornithologist, explorer, soldier and the 30th President of the Royal Society.
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Einstein field equations
The Einstein field equations (EFE; also known as Einstein's equations) comprise the set of 10 equations in Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity that describe the fundamental interaction of gravitation as a result of spacetime being curved by mass and energy.
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Einstein tensor
In differential geometry, the Einstein tensor (named after Albert Einstein; also known as the trace-reversed Ricci tensor) is used to express the curvature of a pseudo-Riemannian manifold.
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Einstein's constant
Einstein's constant or Einstein's gravitational constant, denoted (kappa), is the coupling constant appearing in the Einstein field equation which can be written: where is the Einstein tensor and is the stress–energy tensor.
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Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism is a branch of physics involving the study of the electromagnetic force, a type of physical interaction that occurs between electrically charged particles.
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Electron
The electron is a subatomic particle, symbol or, whose electric charge is negative one elementary charge.
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Electron rest mass
The electron rest mass (symbol) is the mass of a stationary electron.
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Empirical evidence
Empirical evidence, also known as sensory experience, is the information received by means of the senses, particularly by observation and documentation of patterns and behavior through experimentation.
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Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition
The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–11) is a 29-volume reference work, an edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica.
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Escape velocity
In physics, escape velocity is the minimum speed needed for an object to escape from the gravitational influence of a massive body.
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Ferdinand Reich
Ferdinand Reich (19 February 1799 – 27 April 1882) was a German chemist who co-discovered indium in 1863 with Hieronymous Theodor Richter.
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Force
In physics, a force is any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object.
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Four-momentum
In special relativity, four-momentum is the generalization of the classical three-dimensional momentum to four-dimensional spacetime.
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Francesco Carlini
Francesco Carlini (January 7, 1783 – August 29, 1862) was an Italian astronomer.
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French Geodesic Mission
The French Geodesic Mission (also called the Geodesic Mission to Peru, Geodesic Mission to the Equator and the Spanish-French Geodesic Mission) was an 18th-century expedition to what is now Ecuador carried out for the purpose of measuring the roundness of the Earth and measuring the length of a degree of latitude at the Equator.
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Fundamental interaction
In physics, the fundamental interactions, also known as fundamental forces, are the interactions that do not appear to be reducible to more basic interactions.
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Fundamentals of Physics
Fundamentals of Physics is a calculus-based physics textbook by David Halliday, Robert Resnick, and Jearl Walker.
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Gaussian gravitational constant
The Gaussian gravitational constant (symbol) is a parameter used in the orbital mechanics of the solar system.
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General relativity
General relativity (GR, also known as the general theory of relativity or GTR) is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1915 and the current description of gravitation in modern physics.
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George Biddell Airy
Sir George Biddell Airy (27 July 18012 January 1892) was an English mathematician and astronomer, Astronomer Royal from 1835 to 1881.
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Gravitational coupling constant
In physics, a gravitational coupling constant is a constant characterizing the gravitational attraction between a given pair of elementary particles.
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Gravitational lens
A gravitational lens is a distribution of matter (such as a cluster of galaxies) between a distant light source and an observer, that is capable of bending the light from the source as the light travels towards the observer.
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Gravitational potential
In classical mechanics, the gravitational potential at a location is equal to the work (energy transferred) per unit mass that would be needed to move the object from a fixed reference location to the location of the object.
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Gravitational wave
Gravitational waves are the disturbance in the fabric ("curvature") of spacetime generated by accelerated masses and propagate as waves outward from their source at the speed of light.
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Gravity
Gravity, or gravitation, is a natural phenomenon by which all things with mass or energy—including planets, stars, galaxies, and even light—are brought toward (or gravitate toward) one another.
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Gravity of Earth
The gravity of Earth, which is denoted by, refers to the acceleration that is imparted to objects due to the distribution of mass within Earth.
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Heat transfer coefficient
The heat transfer coefficient or film coefficient, or film effectiveness, in thermodynamics and in mechanics is the proportionality constant between the heat flux and the thermodynamic driving force for the flow of heat (i.e., the temperature difference, ΔT): The overall heat transfer rate for combined modes is usually expressed in terms of an overall conductance or heat transfer coefficient, U. In that case, the heat transfer rate is: where: The general definition of the heat transfer coefficient is: where: It is used in calculating the heat transfer, typically by convection or phase transition between a fluid and a solid.
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Henry Cavendish
Henry Cavendish FRS (10 October 1731 – 24 February 1810) was a British natural philosopher, scientist, and an important experimental and theoretical chemist and physicist.
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Hollow Earth
The Hollow Earth is a historical concept proposing that the planet Earth is entirely hollow or contains a substantial interior space.
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International Astronomical Union
The International Astronomical Union (IAU; Union astronomique internationale, UAI) is an international association of professional astronomers, at the PhD level and beyond, active in professional research and education in astronomy.
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International System of Units
The International System of Units (SI, abbreviated from the French Système international (d'unités)) is the modern form of the metric system, and is the most widely used system of measurement.
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Inverse-square law
The inverse-square law, in physics, is any physical law stating that a specified physical quantity or intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source of that physical quantity.
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Isaac Newton
Sir Isaac Newton (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27) was an English mathematician, astronomer, theologian, author and physicist (described in his own day as a "natural philosopher") who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time, and a key figure in the scientific revolution.
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Jérôme Lalande
Joseph Jérôme Lefrançois de Lalande (11 July 1732 – 4 April 1807) was a French astronomer, freemason and writer.
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Jet Propulsion Laboratory
The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is a federally funded research and development center and NASA field center in Pasadena, California, United States, with large portions of the campus in La Cañada Flintridge, California.
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John Henry Poynting
John Henry Poynting (9 September 185230 March 1914) was an English physicist.
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John Michell
John Michell (25 December 1724 – 29 April 1793) was an English natural philosopher and clergyman who provided pioneering insights in a wide range of scientific fields, including astronomy, geology, optics, and gravitation.
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Karl Ferdinand Braun
Karl Ferdinand Braun (6 June 1850 – 20 April 1918) was a German inventor, physicist and Nobel laureate in physics.
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Kepler's laws of planetary motion
In astronomy, Kepler's laws of planetary motion are three scientific laws describing the motion of planets around the Sun.
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Kilogram
The kilogram or kilogramme (symbol: kg) is the base unit of mass in the International System of Units (SI), and is defined as being equal to the mass of the International Prototype of the Kilogram (IPK, also known as "Le Grand K" or "Big K"), a cylinder of platinum-iridium alloy stored by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures at Saint-Cloud, France.
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Length
In geometric measurements, length is the most extended dimension of an object.
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Lunar Laser Ranging experiment
The ongoing Lunar Laser Ranging experiment measures the distance between Earth and the Moon using laser ranging.
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Mass
Mass is both a property of a physical body and a measure of its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a net force is applied.
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Measurement uncertainty
In metrology, measurement uncertainty is a non-negative parameter characterizing the dispersion of the values attributed to a measured quantity.
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Metre
The metre (British spelling and BIPM spelling) or meter (American spelling) (from the French unit mètre, from the Greek noun μέτρον, "measure") is the base unit of length in some metric systems, including the International System of Units (SI).
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Metric tensor
In the mathematical field of differential geometry, a metric tensor is a type of function which takes as input a pair of tangent vectors and at a point of a surface (or higher dimensional differentiable manifold) and produces a real number scalar in a way that generalizes many of the familiar properties of the dot product of vectors in Euclidean space.
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Moon
The Moon is an astronomical body that orbits planet Earth and is Earth's only permanent natural satellite.
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NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.
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National Institute of Standards and Technology
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is one of the oldest physical science laboratories in the United States.
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Newton's law of cooling
Newton's law of cooling states that the rate of heat loss of a body is directly proportional to the difference in the temperatures between the body and its surroundings provided the temperature difference is small and the nature of radiating surface remains same. As such, it is equivalent to a statement that the heat transfer coefficient, which mediates between heat losses and temperature differences, is a constant.
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Newton's law of universal gravitation
Newton's law of universal gravitation states that a particle attracts every other particle in the universe with a force which is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.
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Orbital mechanics
Orbital mechanics or astrodynamics is the application of ballistics and celestial mechanics to the practical problems concerning the motion of rockets and other spacecraft.
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Order of magnitude
An order of magnitude is an approximate measure of the number of digits that a number has in the commonly-used base-ten number system.
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Parsec
The parsec (symbol: pc) is a unit of length used to measure large distances to astronomical objects outside the Solar System.
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Parts-per notation
In science and engineering, the parts-per notation is a set of pseudo-units to describe small values of miscellaneous dimensionless quantities, e.g. mole fraction or mass fraction.
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Paul R. Heyl
Paul Renno Heyl (1872, Philadelphia – 22 October 1961) was an American inventor, physicist, and author.
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The Portable Document Format (PDF) is a file format developed in the 1990s to present documents, including text formatting and images, in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems.
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Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica
Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Latin for Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), often referred to as simply the Principia, is a work in three books by Isaac Newton, in Latin, first published 5 July 1687.
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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
Philosophical Transactions, titled Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (often abbreviated as Phil. Trans.) from 1776, is a scientific journal published by the Royal Society.
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Physical constant
A physical constant, sometimes fundamental physical constant or universal constant, is a physical quantity that is generally believed to be both universal in nature and have constant value in time.
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Pierre Bouguer
Pierre Bouguer (16 February 1698, Croisic – 15 August 1758, Paris) was a French mathematician, geophysicist, geodesist, and astronomer.
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Planck length
In physics, the Planck length, denoted, is a unit of length, equal to metres.
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Planck mass
In physics, the Planck mass, denoted by mP, is the unit of mass in the system of natural units known as Planck units.
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Planck time
In quantum mechanics, the Planck time is the unit of time in the system of natural units known as Planck units.
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Planck units
In particle physics and physical cosmology, Planck units are a set of units of measurement defined exclusively in terms of five universal physical constants, in such a manner that these five physical constants take on the numerical value of 1 when expressed in terms of these units.
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Planet
A planet is an astronomical body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity, is not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion, and has cleared its neighbouring region of planetesimals.
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Proportionality (mathematics)
In mathematics, two variables are proportional if there is always a constant ratio between them.
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Proton
| magnetic_moment.
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Radian
The radian (SI symbol rad) is the SI unit for measuring angles, and is the standard unit of angular measure used in many areas of mathematics.
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Ricci curvature
In differential geometry, the Ricci curvature tensor, named after Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro, represents the amount by which the volume of a small wedge of a geodesic ball in a curved Riemannian manifold deviates from that of the standard ball in Euclidean space.
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Robert von Sterneck
Robert von Sterneck (Robert Freiherr Daublebsky von Sterneck the Elder, 1839–1910) was a member of the Budweis Daublebsky von Sterneck baronial family who served as an Austro-Hungarian general major, geophysicist and astronomer.
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Schiehallion experiment
The Schiehallion experiment was an 18th-century experiment to determine the mean density of the Earth.
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Science (journal)
Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals.
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Second
The second is the SI base unit of time, commonly understood and historically defined as 1/86,400 of a day – this factor derived from the division of the day first into 24 hours, then to 60 minutes and finally to 60 seconds each.
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Semi-major and semi-minor axes
In geometry, the major axis of an ellipse is its longest diameter: a line segment that runs through the center and both foci, with ends at the widest points of the perimeter.
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SI base unit
The International System of Units (SI) defines seven units of measure as a basic set from which all other SI units can be derived.
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Solar mass
The solar mass is a standard unit of mass in astronomy, equal to approximately.
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Solar radius
Solar radius is a unit of distance used to express the size of stars in astronomy.
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Solar time
Solar time is a calculation of the passage of time based on the position of the Sun in the sky.
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Spacetime topology
Spacetime topology is the topological structure of spacetime, a topic studied primarily in general relativity.
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Standard gravitational parameter
In celestial mechanics, the standard gravitational parameter μ of a celestial body is the product of the gravitational constant G and the mass M of the body.
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Standard gravity
The standard acceleration due to gravity (or standard acceleration of free fall), sometimes abbreviated as standard gravity, usually denoted by or, is the nominal gravitational acceleration of an object in a vacuum near the surface of the Earth.
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Stress–energy tensor
The stress–energy tensor (sometimes stress–energy–momentum tensor or energy–momentum tensor) is a tensor quantity in physics that describes the density and flux of energy and momentum in spacetime, generalizing the stress tensor of Newtonian physics.
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Strong gravity
Strong gravity is a non-mainstream theoretical approach to particle confinement having both a cosmological scale and a particle scale gravity.
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Sun
The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System.
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Thomas Corwin Mendenhall
Thomas Corwin Mendenhall (October 4, 1841 – March 23, 1924) was an American autodidact physicist and meteorologist.
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Time
Time is the indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future.
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Time-variation of fundamental constants
The term physical constant expresses the notion of a physical quantity subject to experimental measurement which is independent of the time or location of the experiment.
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Tropical year
A tropical year (also known as a solar year) is the time that the Sun takes to return to the same position in the cycle of seasons, as seen from Earth; for example, the time from vernal equinox to vernal equinox, or from summer solstice to summer solstice.
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Twist-beam rear suspension
The twist-beam rear suspension (also torsion-beam axle or deformable torsion beam) is a type of automobile suspension based on a large H or C shaped member.
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Two-body problem
In classical mechanics, the two-body problem is to determine the motion of two point particles that interact only with each other.
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Type Ia supernova
A type Ia supernova (read "type one-a") is a type of supernova that occurs in binary systems (two stars orbiting one another) in which one of the stars is a white dwarf.
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Uncertainty
Uncertainty has been called "an unintelligible expression without a straightforward description".
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Viceroyalty of Peru
The Viceroyalty of Peru (Virreinato del Perú) was a Spanish colonial administrative district, created in 1542, that originally contained most of Spanish-ruled South America, governed from the capital of Lima.
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Constant of gravitation, Constant of gravity, Grav const, Gravitation constant, Gravitational Constant, Gravitational field strength, Gravity constant, Gravity's constant, Newton constant, Newton's Universal Gravitation Constant, Newton's constant, Newtonian constant, Newtonian constant of gravitation, Newtonian gravitational constant, Universal Gravitational Constant, Universal gravitational constant.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_constant