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Greatest common divisor

Index Greatest common divisor

In mathematics, the greatest common divisor (gcd) of two or more integers, which are not all zero, is the largest positive integer that divides each of the integers. [1]

86 relations: Addison-Wesley, Alexander Stepanov, An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers, Associative property, Asymptotically optimal algorithm, Bézout domain, Bézout's identity, Binary GCD algorithm, Bit, Cartesian coordinate system, Charles E. Leiserson, Charles University, Clifford Stein, Commensurability (mathematics), Commutative property, Commutative ring, Complete lattice, Computational complexity, Concrete Mathematics, Coprime integers, D. C. Heath and Company, Decision problem, Distributive lattice, Distributive property, Division (mathematics), Division algorithm, Donald Knuth, Entire function, Ernst Kummer, Euclidean algorithm, Euclidean domain, Euler's totient function, Expected value, Extended Euclidean algorithm, Fermat's Last Theorem, Field (mathematics), Fraction (mathematics), Fundamental theorem of arithmetic, Garrett Birkhoff, Gaussian integer, GCD domain, Harmonic series (mathematics), Ideal (ring theory), Integer, Integer factorization, Integer programming, Integral domain, Introduction to Algorithms, Irreducible fraction, Journal of Number Theory, ..., Least common multiple, Line segment, Long division, Lowest common denominator, Mathematics, Maximal common divisor, Model of computation, Multiplication algorithm, Multiplicative function, Multitape Turing machine, Natural number, NC (complexity), NL (complexity), Oxford University Press, P (complexity), P-complete, Parallel algorithm, Parallel random-access machine, Polynomial greatest common divisor, Prentice Hall, Principal ideal domain, Ramanujan's sum, Random-access machine, Randomized algorithm, Rational number, Riemann zeta function, Ron Rivest, Saunders Mac Lane, The Art of Computer Programming, Thomae's function, Thomas H. Cormen, Time complexity, Unique factorization domain, University of West Georgia, Venn diagram, Wolfram Demonstrations Project. Expand index (36 more) »

Addison-Wesley

Addison-Wesley is a publisher of textbooks and computer literature.

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Alexander Stepanov

Alexander Alexandrovich Stepanov (Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Степа́нов), born November 16, 1950 in Moscow, is a Russian computer programmer, best known as an advocate of generic programming and as the primary designer and implementer of the C++ Standard Template Library, which he started to develop around 1992 while employed at HP Labs.

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An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers

An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers is a classic book in the field of number theory, by G. H. Hardy and E. M. Wright.

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Associative property

In mathematics, the associative property is a property of some binary operations.

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Asymptotically optimal algorithm

In computer science, an algorithm is said to be asymptotically optimal if, roughly speaking, for large inputs it performs at worst a constant factor (independent of the input size) worse than the best possible algorithm.

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Bézout domain

In mathematics, a Bézout domain is a form of a Prüfer domain.

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Bézout's identity

In elementary number theory, Bézout's identity (also called Bézout's lemma) is the following theorem: The integers x and y are called Bézout coefficients for (a, b); they are not unique.

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Binary GCD algorithm

The binary GCD algorithm, also known as Stein's algorithm, is an algorithm that computes the greatest common divisor of two nonnegative integers.

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Bit

The bit (a portmanteau of binary digit) is a basic unit of information used in computing and digital communications.

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Cartesian coordinate system

A Cartesian coordinate system is a coordinate system that specifies each point uniquely in a plane by a pair of numerical coordinates, which are the signed distances to the point from two fixed perpendicular directed lines, measured in the same unit of length.

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Charles E. Leiserson

Charles Eric Leiserson is a computer scientist, specializing in the theory of parallel computing and distributed computing, and particularly practical applications thereof.

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Charles University

Charles University, known also as Charles University in Prague (Univerzita Karlova; Universitas Carolina; Karls-Universität) or historically as the University of Prague (Universitas Pragensis), is the oldest and largest university in the Czech Republic. Founded in 1348, it was the first university in Central Europe. It is one of the oldest universities in Europe in continuous operation and ranks in the upper 1.5 percent of the world’s best universities. Its seal shows its protector Emperor Charles IV, with his coats of arms as King of the Romans and King of Bohemia, kneeling in front of St. Wenceslas, the patron saint of Bohemia. It is surrounded by the inscription, Sigillum Universitatis Scolarium Studii Pragensis (Seal of the Prague academia).

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Clifford Stein

Clifford Seth Stein (born December 14, 1965), a computer scientist, is a professor of industrial engineering and operations research at Columbia University in New York, NY, where he also holds an appointment in the Department of Computer Science.

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Commensurability (mathematics)

In mathematics, two non-zero real numbers a and b are said to be commensurable if their ratio is a rational number; otherwise a and b are called incommensurable.

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Commutative property

In mathematics, a binary operation is commutative if changing the order of the operands does not change the result.

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Commutative ring

In ring theory, a branch of abstract algebra, a commutative ring is a ring in which the multiplication operation is commutative.

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Complete lattice

In mathematics, a complete lattice is a partially ordered set in which all subsets have both a supremum (join) and an infimum (meet).

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Computational complexity

In computer science, the computational complexity, or simply complexity of an algorithm is the amount of resources required for running it.

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Concrete Mathematics

Concrete Mathematics: A Foundation for Computer Science, by Ronald Graham, Donald Knuth, and Oren Patashnik, first published in 1989, is a textbook that is widely used in computer-science departments as a substantive but light-hearted treatment of the analysis of algorithms.

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Coprime integers

In number theory, two integers and are said to be relatively prime, mutually prime, or coprime (also written co-prime) if the only positive integer (factor) that divides both of them is 1.

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D. C. Heath and Company

D.C. Heath and Company was an American publishing company located at 125 Spring Street in Lexington, Massachusetts, specializing in textbooks.

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Decision problem

In computability theory and computational complexity theory, a decision problem is a problem that can be posed as a yes-no question of the input values.

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Distributive lattice

In mathematics, a distributive lattice is a lattice in which the operations of join and meet distribute over each other.

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Distributive property

In abstract algebra and formal logic, the distributive property of binary operations generalizes the distributive law from boolean algebra and elementary algebra.

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Division (mathematics)

Division is one of the four basic operations of arithmetic, the others being addition, subtraction, and multiplication.

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Division algorithm

A division algorithm is an algorithm which, given two integers N and D, computes their quotient and/or remainder, the result of division.

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Donald Knuth

Donald Ervin Knuth (born January 10, 1938) is an American computer scientist, mathematician, and professor emeritus at Stanford University.

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Entire function

In complex analysis, an entire function, also called an integral function, is a complex-valued function that is holomorphic at all finite points over the whole complex plane.

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Ernst Kummer

Ernst Eduard Kummer (29 January 1810 – 14 May 1893) was a German mathematician.

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Euclidean algorithm

. EXAMPLES CAN BE FOUND BELOW, E.G., IN THE "Matrix method" SECTION.

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Euclidean domain

In mathematics, more specifically in ring theory, a Euclidean domain (also called a Euclidean ring) is an integral domain that can be endowed with a Euclidean function which allows a suitable generalization of the Euclidean division of the integers.

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Euler's totient function

In number theory, Euler's totient function counts the positive integers up to a given integer that are relatively prime to.

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Expected value

In probability theory, the expected value of a random variable, intuitively, is the long-run average value of repetitions of the experiment it represents.

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Extended Euclidean algorithm

In arithmetic and computer programming, the extended Euclidean algorithm is an extension to the Euclidean algorithm, and computes, in addition to the greatest common divisor of integers a and b, also the coefficients of Bézout's identity, which are integers x and y such that This is a certifying algorithm, because the gcd is the only number that can simultaneously satisfy this equation and divide the inputs.

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Fermat's Last Theorem

In number theory, Fermat's Last Theorem (sometimes called Fermat's conjecture, especially in older texts) states that no three positive integers,, and satisfy the equation for any integer value of greater than 2.

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Field (mathematics)

In mathematics, a field is a set on which addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are defined, and behave as when they are applied to rational and real numbers.

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Fraction (mathematics)

A fraction (from Latin fractus, "broken") represents a part of a whole or, more generally, any number of equal parts.

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Fundamental theorem of arithmetic

In number theory, the fundamental theorem of arithmetic, also called the unique factorization theorem or the unique-prime-factorization theorem, states that every integer greater than 1 either is a prime number itself or can be represented as the product of prime numbers and that, moreover, this representation is unique, up to (except for) the order of the factors.

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Garrett Birkhoff

Garrett Birkhoff (January 19, 1911 – November 22, 1996) was an American mathematician.

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Gaussian integer

In number theory, a Gaussian integer is a complex number whose real and imaginary parts are both integers.

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GCD domain

In mathematics, a GCD domain is an integral domain R with the property that any two elements have a greatest common divisor (GCD).

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Harmonic series (mathematics)

In mathematics, the harmonic series is the divergent infinite series: Its name derives from the concept of overtones, or harmonics in music: the wavelengths of the overtones of a vibrating string are,,, etc., of the string's fundamental wavelength.

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Ideal (ring theory)

In ring theory, a branch of abstract algebra, an ideal is a special subset of a ring.

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Integer

An integer (from the Latin ''integer'' meaning "whole")Integer 's first literal meaning in Latin is "untouched", from in ("not") plus tangere ("to touch").

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Integer factorization

In number theory, integer factorization is the decomposition of a composite number into a product of smaller integers.

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Integer programming

An integer programming problem is a mathematical optimization or feasibility program in which some or all of the variables are restricted to be integers.

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Integral domain

In mathematics, and specifically in abstract algebra, an integral domain is a nonzero commutative ring in which the product of any two nonzero elements is nonzero.

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Introduction to Algorithms

Introduction to Algorithms is a book by Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, and Clifford Stein.

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Irreducible fraction

An irreducible fraction (or fraction in lowest terms or reduced fraction) is a fraction in which the numerator and denominator are integers that have no other common divisors than 1 (and -1, when negative numbers are considered).

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Journal of Number Theory

The Journal of Number Theory is a mathematics journal that publishes a broad spectrum of original research in number theory.

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Least common multiple

In arithmetic and number theory, the least common multiple, lowest common multiple, or smallest common multiple of two integers a and b, usually denoted by LCM(a, b), is the smallest positive integer that is divisible by both a and b. Since division of integers by zero is undefined, this definition has meaning only if a and b are both different from zero.

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Line segment

In geometry, a line segment is a part of a line that is bounded by two distinct end points, and contains every point on the line between its endpoints.

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Long division

In arithmetic, long division is a standard division algorithm suitable for dividing multidigit numbers that is simple enough to perform by hand.

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Lowest common denominator

In mathematics, the lowest common denominator or least common denominator (abbreviated LCD) is the lowest common multiple of the denominators of a set of fractions.

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Mathematics

Mathematics (from Greek μάθημα máthēma, "knowledge, study, learning") is the study of such topics as quantity, structure, space, and change.

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Maximal common divisor

In abstract algebra, particularly ring theory, maximal common divisors are an abstraction of the number theory concept of greatest common divisor (GCD).

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Model of computation

In computer science, and more specifically in computability theory and computational complexity theory, a model of computation is a model which describes how a set of outputs are computed given a set of inputs.

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Multiplication algorithm

A multiplication algorithm is an algorithm (or method) to multiply two numbers.

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Multiplicative function

In number theory, a multiplicative function is an arithmetic function f(n) of a positive integer n with the property that f(1).

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Multitape Turing machine

A multi-tape Turing machine is like an ordinary Turing machine with several tapes.

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Natural number

In mathematics, the natural numbers are those used for counting (as in "there are six coins on the table") and ordering (as in "this is the third largest city in the country").

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NC (complexity)

In complexity theory, the class NC (for "Nick's Class") is the set of decision problems decidable in polylogarithmic time on a parallel computer with a polynomial number of processors.

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NL (complexity)

In computational complexity theory, NL (Nondeterministic Logarithmic-space) is the complexity class containing decision problems which can be solved by a nondeterministic Turing machine using a logarithmic amount of memory space.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.

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P (complexity)

In computational complexity theory, P, also known as PTIME or DTIME(nO(1)), is a fundamental complexity class.

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P-complete

In complexity theory, a decision problem is P-complete (complete for the complexity class '''P''') if it is in P and every problem in P can be reduced to it by an appropriate reduction.

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Parallel algorithm

In computer science, a parallel algorithm, as opposed to a traditional serial algorithm, is an algorithm which can be executed a piece at a time on many different processing devices, and then combined together again at the end to get the correct result.

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Parallel random-access machine

In computer science, a parallel random-access machine (PRAM) is a shared-memory abstract machine.

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Polynomial greatest common divisor

In algebra, the greatest common divisor (frequently abbreviated as GCD) of two polynomials is a polynomial, of the highest possible degree, that is a factor of both the two original polynomials.

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Prentice Hall

Prentice Hall is a major educational publisher owned by Pearson plc.

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Principal ideal domain

In abstract algebra, a principal ideal domain, or PID, is an integral domain in which every ideal is principal, i.e., can be generated by a single element.

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Ramanujan's sum

In number theory, a branch of mathematics, Ramanujan's sum, usually denoted cq(n), is a function of two positive integer variables q and n defined by the formula: where (a, q).

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Random-access machine

In computer science, random-access machine (RAM) is an abstract machine in the general class of register machines.

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Randomized algorithm

A randomized algorithm is an algorithm that employs a degree of randomness as part of its logic.

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Rational number

In mathematics, a rational number is any number that can be expressed as the quotient or fraction of two integers, a numerator and a non-zero denominator.

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Riemann zeta function

The Riemann zeta function or Euler–Riemann zeta function,, is a function of a complex variable s that analytically continues the sum of the Dirichlet series which converges when the real part of is greater than 1.

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Ron Rivest

Ronald Linn Rivest (born May 6, 1947) is a cryptographer and an Institute Professor at MIT.

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Saunders Mac Lane

Saunders Mac Lane (4 August 1909 – 14 April 2005) was an American mathematician who co-founded category theory with Samuel Eilenberg.

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The Art of Computer Programming

The Art of Computer Programming (sometimes known by its initials TAOCP) is a comprehensive monograph written by Donald Knuth that covers many kinds of programming algorithms and their analysis.

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Thomae's function

Thomae's function, named after Carl Johannes Thomae, has many names: the popcorn function, the raindrop function, the countable cloud function, the modified Dirichlet function, the ruler function, the Riemann function, or the Stars over Babylon (John Horton Conway's name).

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Thomas H. Cormen

Thomas H. Cormen is the co-author of Introduction to Algorithms, along with Charles Leiserson, Ron Rivest, and Cliff Stein.

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Time complexity

In computer science, the time complexity is the computational complexity that describes the amount of time it takes to run an algorithm.

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Unique factorization domain

In mathematics, a unique factorization domain (UFD) is an integral domain (a non-zero commutative ring in which the product of non-zero elements is non-zero) in which every non-zero non-unit element can be written as a product of prime elements (or irreducible elements), uniquely up to order and units, analogous to the fundamental theorem of arithmetic for the integers.

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University of West Georgia

The University of West Georgia is a comprehensive doctoral-granting university located in Carrollton, Georgia, approximately 45 miles (80 km) west of Atlanta, Georgia.

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Venn diagram

A Venn diagram (also called primary diagram, set diagram or logic diagram) is a diagram that shows all possible logical relations between a finite collection of different sets.

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Wolfram Demonstrations Project

The Wolfram Demonstrations Project is an organized, open-source collection of small (or medium-size) interactive programs called Demonstrations, which are meant to visually and interactively represent ideas from a range of fields.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greatest_common_divisor

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