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23 relations: Anton Zeilinger, Bell state, Bell's theorem, Communication complexity, Covariance, Daniel Greenberger, EPR paradox, GHZ experiment, Local hidden variable theory, LOCC, Measurement in quantum mechanics, Partial trace, Physics, Product state, Quantum cryptography, Quantum entanglement, Quantum information, Quantum logic gate, Quantum pseudo-telepathy, Quantum state, Qubit, W state, Wigner's friend.
Anton Zeilinger
Anton Zeilinger (born 20 May 1945) is an Austrian quantum physicist who in 2008 received the Inaugural Isaac Newton Medal of the Institute of Physics (UK) for "his pioneering conceptual and experimental contributions to the foundations of quantum physics, which have become the cornerstone for the rapidly-evolving field of quantum information".
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Bell state
The Bell states are a concept in quantum information science and represent the simplest examples of entanglement.
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Bell's theorem
Bell's theorem is a "no-go theorem" that draws an important distinction between quantum mechanics and the world as described by classical mechanics.
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Communication complexity
In theoretical computer science, communication complexity studies the amount of communication required to solve a problem when the input to the problem is distributed among two or more parties.
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Covariance
In probability theory and statistics, covariance is a measure of the joint variability of two random variables.
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Daniel Greenberger
Daniel M. Greenberger (born 1932) is an American quantum physicist.
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EPR paradox
The Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen paradox or the EPR paradox of 1935 is a thought experiment in quantum mechanics with which Albert Einstein and his colleagues Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen (EPR) claimed to demonstrate that the wave function does not provide a complete description of physical reality, and hence that the Copenhagen interpretation is unsatisfactory; resolutions of the paradox have important implications for the interpretation of quantum mechanics.
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GHZ experiment
GHZ experiments are a class of physics experiments that may be used to generate starkly contrasting predictions from local hidden variable theory and quantum mechanical theory, and permit immediate comparison with actual experimental results.
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Local hidden variable theory
A local hidden variable theory in the interpretation of quantum mechanics is a hidden variable theory that has the added requirement of being consistent with local realism.
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LOCC
LOCC, or local operations and classical communication, is a method in quantum information theory where a local (product) operation is performed on part of the system, and where the result of that operation is "communicated" classically to another part where usually another local operation is performed.
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Measurement in quantum mechanics
The framework of quantum mechanics requires a careful definition of measurement.
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Partial trace
In linear algebra and functional analysis, the partial trace is a generalization of the trace.
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Physics
Physics (from knowledge of nature, from φύσις phýsis "nature") is the natural science that studies matterAt the start of The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Richard Feynman offers the atomic hypothesis as the single most prolific scientific concept: "If, in some cataclysm, all scientific knowledge were to be destroyed one sentence what statement would contain the most information in the fewest words? I believe it is that all things are made up of atoms – little particles that move around in perpetual motion, attracting each other when they are a little distance apart, but repelling upon being squeezed into one another..." and its motion and behavior through space and time and that studies the related entities of energy and force."Physical science is that department of knowledge which relates to the order of nature, or, in other words, to the regular succession of events." Physics is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines, and its main goal is to understand how the universe behaves."Physics is one of the most fundamental of the sciences. Scientists of all disciplines use the ideas of physics, including chemists who study the structure of molecules, paleontologists who try to reconstruct how dinosaurs walked, and climatologists who study how human activities affect the atmosphere and oceans. Physics is also the foundation of all engineering and technology. No engineer could design a flat-screen TV, an interplanetary spacecraft, or even a better mousetrap without first understanding the basic laws of physics. (...) You will come to see physics as a towering achievement of the human intellect in its quest to understand our world and ourselves."Physics is an experimental science. Physicists observe the phenomena of nature and try to find patterns that relate these phenomena.""Physics is the study of your world and the world and universe around you." Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines and, through its inclusion of astronomy, perhaps the oldest. Over the last two millennia, physics, chemistry, biology, and certain branches of mathematics were a part of natural philosophy, but during the scientific revolution in the 17th century, these natural sciences emerged as unique research endeavors in their own right. Physics intersects with many interdisciplinary areas of research, such as biophysics and quantum chemistry, and the boundaries of physics are not rigidly defined. New ideas in physics often explain the fundamental mechanisms studied by other sciences and suggest new avenues of research in academic disciplines such as mathematics and philosophy. Advances in physics often enable advances in new technologies. For example, advances in the understanding of electromagnetism and nuclear physics led directly to the development of new products that have dramatically transformed modern-day society, such as television, computers, domestic appliances, and nuclear weapons; advances in thermodynamics led to the development of industrialization; and advances in mechanics inspired the development of calculus.
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Product state
In quantum mechanics, a product state, or simply separable state, is a special type of separable state in which there are neither classical nor quantum correlations.
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Quantum cryptography
Quantum cryptography is the science of exploiting quantum mechanical properties to perform cryptographic tasks.
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Quantum entanglement
Quantum entanglement is a physical phenomenon which occurs when pairs or groups of particles are generated, interact, or share spatial proximity in ways such that the quantum state of each particle cannot be described independently of the state of the other(s), even when the particles are separated by a large distance—instead, a quantum state must be described for the system as a whole.
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Quantum information
In physics and computer science, quantum information is information that is held in the state of a quantum system.
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Quantum logic gate
In quantum computing and specifically the quantum circuit model of computation, a quantum logic gate (or simply quantum gate) is a basic quantum circuit operating on a small number of qubits.
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Quantum pseudo-telepathy
Quantum pseudo-telepathy refers to the fact that in certain Bayesian games with asymmetric information, players who have access to a shared physical system in an entangled quantum state, and who are able to execute strategies that are contingent upon measurements performed on the entangled physical system, are able to achieve higher expected payoffs in equilibrium than can be achieved in any mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium of the same game by players without access to the entangled quantum system.
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Quantum state
In quantum physics, quantum state refers to the state of an isolated quantum system.
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Qubit
In quantum computing, a qubit or quantum bit (sometimes qbit) is a unit of quantum information—the quantum analogue of the classical binary bit.
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W state
The W state is an entangled quantum state of three qubits which has the following shape and which is remarkable for representing a specific type of multipartite entanglement and for occurring in several applications in quantum information theory.
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Wigner's friend
Wigner's friend is a thought experiment proposed by the physicist Eugene Wigner; it is a variation of the Schrödinger's cat thought experiment in which, from the point of view of a human observer, a second observer is in a state of quantum superposition.
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Redirects here:
GHZ state, GHZM, Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger_state
