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35 relations: Adaptive immune system, Antibody, Appendix (anatomy), Bone marrow, Commensalism, Enterocyte, Epithelium, Esophagus, Gastrointestinal tract, Germinal center, HIV, Immune system, Intestinal gland, Intestinal villus, Lamina propria, Large intestine, Loose connective tissue, Lymph node, Lymphatic system, Mesenteric lymph nodes, Microfold cell, Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, Paneth cell, Pathogen, Peyer's patch, Plasma cell, Residence time, Small intestine, Spleen, Stomach, T cell, Taenia coli, Thymus, Vertebrate, Waldeyer's tonsillar ring.
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune system or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate pathogens or prevent their growth.
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Antibody
An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses.
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Appendix (anatomy)
The appendix (or vermiform appendix; also cecal appendix; vermix; or vermiform process) is a blind-ended tube connected to the cecum, from which it develops in the embryo.
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Bone marrow
Bone marrow is a semi-solid tissue which may be found within the spongy or cancellous portions of bones.
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Commensalism
Commensalism is a long term biological interaction (symbiosis) in which members of one species gain benefits while those of the other species are neither benefited nor harmed.
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Enterocyte
Enterocytes, or intestinal absorptive cells, are simple columnar epithelial cells found in the small intestine.
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Epithelium
Epithelium is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue.
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Esophagus
The esophagus (American English) or oesophagus (British English), commonly known as the food pipe or gullet (gut), is an organ in vertebrates through which food passes, aided by peristaltic contractions, from the pharynx to the stomach.
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Gastrointestinal tract
The gastrointestinal tract (digestive tract, digestional tract, GI tract, GIT, gut, or alimentary canal) is an organ system within humans and other animals which takes in food, digests it to extract and absorb energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste as feces.
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Germinal center
Germinal centers or germinal centres (GCs) are sites within secondary lymphoid organs – lymph nodes and the spleen where mature B cells proliferate, differentiate, and mutate their antibody genes (through somatic hypermutation aimed at achieving higher affinity), and switch the class of their antibodies (for example from IgM to IgG) during a normal immune response to an infection.
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HIV
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that causes HIV infection and over time acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
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Immune system
The immune system is a host defense system comprising many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease.
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Intestinal gland
In histology, an intestinal gland (also crypt of Lieberkühn and intestinal crypt) is a gland found in the intestinal epithelium lining of the small intestine and large intestine (colon).
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Intestinal villus
Intestinal villi (singular: villus) are small, finger-like projections that extend into the lumen of the small intestine.
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Lamina propria
The lamina propria is a thin layer of connective tissue that forms part of the moist linings known as mucous membranes or mucosa, which line various tubes in the body, such as the respiratory tract, the gastrointestinal tract, and the urogenital tract.
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Large intestine
The large intestine, also known as the large bowel or colon, is the last part of the gastrointestinal tract and of the digestive system in vertebrates.
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Loose connective tissue
Loose connective tissue is a category of connective tissue which includes areolar tissue, reticular tissue, and adipose tissue.
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Lymph node
A lymph node or lymph gland is an ovoid or kidney-shaped organ of the lymphatic system, and of the adaptive immune system, that is widely present throughout the body.
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Lymphatic system
The lymphatic system is part of the vascular system and an important part of the immune system, comprising a network of lymphatic vessels that carry a clear fluid called lymph (from Latin, lympha meaning "water") directionally towards the heart.
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Mesenteric lymph nodes
The mesenteric lymph nodes are one of the three principal groups of superior mesenteric lymph nodes and lie between the layers of the mesentery.
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Microfold cell
Microfold cells (or M cells) are found in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) of the Peyer's patches in the small intestine, and in the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) of other parts of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
The mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), also called mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue, is a diffuse system of small concentrations of lymphoid tissue found in various submucosal membrane sites of the body, such as the gastrointestinal tract, oral passage, nasopharyngeal tract, thyroid, breast, lung, salivary glands, eye, and skin.
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Paneth cell
Paneth cells are one of the principal cell types of the epithelium of the small intestine, along with goblet cells, enterocytes, and enteroendocrine cells.
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Pathogen
In biology, a pathogen (πάθος pathos "suffering, passion" and -γενής -genēs "producer of") or a '''germ''' in the oldest and broadest sense is anything that can produce disease; the term came into use in the 1880s.
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Peyer's patch
Peyer's patches (or aggregated lymphoid nodules, or occasionally PP for brevity) are organized lymphoid follicles, named after the 17th-century Swiss anatomist Johann Conrad Peyer.
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Plasma cell
Plasma cells, also called plasma B cells, plasmocytes, plasmacytes, or effector B cells, are white blood cells that secrete large volumes of antibodies.
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Residence time
For material flowing through a volume, the residence time is a measure of how much time the matter spends in it.
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Small intestine
The small intestine or small bowel is the part of the gastrointestinal tract between the stomach and the large intestine, and is where most of the end absorption of food takes place.
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Spleen
The spleen is an organ found in virtually all vertebrates.
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Stomach
The stomach (from ancient Greek στόμαχος, stomachos, stoma means mouth) is a muscular, hollow organ in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and many other animals, including several invertebrates.
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T cell
A T cell, or T lymphocyte, is a type of lymphocyte (a subtype of white blood cell) that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity.
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Taenia coli
The taeniae coli (also teniae coli) are three separate longitudinal ribbons of smooth muscle on the outside of the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colons.
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Thymus
The thymus is a specialized primary lymphoid organ of the immune system.
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Vertebrate
Vertebrates comprise all species of animals within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones).
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Waldeyer's tonsillar ring
Waldeyer's tonsillar ring (pharyngeal lymphoid ring or Waldeyer's lymphatic ring) is a ringed arrangement of lymphoid tissue in the pharynx.
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Gut associated lymphoid tissue, Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gut-associated_lymphoid_tissue
